Scheme of a Japanese pagoda roof rafter system. How to make a Chinese roof - the nuances of construction. Construction of a garden gazebo

The Chinese roof is becoming more and more popular every day. Of course, such structures are not used in private houses or multi-story buildings. But gazebos made in chinese style quite common. The Chinese style roof is less practical, but it is appearance significantly superior visual properties modern designs. But in order for the roof of a Chinese house to be attractive and elegant, it must be manufactured and installed correctly. You can read about how to make a Chinese roof below.

The main distinctive feature of Chinese roofs is the ends curved towards the top, which mainly give the roof sophistication and elegance. The roofs of gazebos in the Chinese style make it clear that their owner is a wealthy person with good taste. This design can be gable or four-slope.

The latter has a very complex rafter system that is simply impossible to make with your own hands. However, the Chinese roof has many analogues among European varieties. The most common analogue is hip roof. It has visual properties similar to Chinese roofing. But they are similar only in their appearance, but their rafter systems are completely different. Therefore, if you decide to equip your gazebo or any other extension with a Chinese-style roof, you need to decide whether it will be classic version or imitation. If you need a roof that strictly complies with Chinese canons, then you have a long and painstaking job ahead of you. The origin of the Chinese roof is quite complex, so if you do not have basic knowledge in this area, it is better to contact an experienced person who will help you draw up a drawing and tell you how to build a Chinese roof.

If you have already decided to build a Chinese roof, then first you need to sort out the materials and prepare drawings. As roofing material Some varieties are best suited for a Chinese roof soft roof: bituminous shingles, euroroofing felt and others. The construction of a Chinese roof involves the presence of various overlays, headstocks, struts, support beams and tie-downs. All these elements make the Chinese style roof design so complex. Tightening is used to avoid pushing the supporting walls outward. The struts take on most of the pressure. The bends are usually reinforced with ties. Later, this design became a classic of Chinese roofs and a kind of canon for Europe. It is worth noting that the above design is a single-story roof project.

As you might have guessed, the most complex element in a Chinese roof is rafter system. It implies the presence of a large number of rafters, which will subsequently rest against the walls. It is quite difficult to reproduce such a design, but if you have enough knowledge and experience, you can do everything efficiently. You can find out how to make a rafter system for a Chinese roof below.

A stand is installed in the middle of the support beam, maintaining an angle of 90 degrees. The support beam itself, in turn, lies on two load-bearing walls Oh.

In the middle rafter leg The end of the board is fixed, and the other is fixed to the edge of the support beam.

After this, all the above operations are repeated in mirror image on the other side of the main rack.

Subsequently, you should have a so-called truss truss. It must be remembered that the optimal distance between these trusses is 0.5, 0.7 m. The number of rafters, racks and beams directly depends on the size future roof. It is worth noting that the larger your building, the more expensive a Chinese roof will cost you. After the construction of the rafter system is completed, it is necessary to install the sheathing. It should be positioned horizontally, and the pitch should depend on the width of the plywood. If the sheathing is ready, you will need to install all the necessary elements roofing pie and, directly, the roofing.

Due to the large number of materials and tools required to build a Chinese roof, the approximate price of the entire structure is quite high. On average, the total cost of the entire structure ranges from 15 to 25 thousand rubles. It all depends on the quality of the materials you choose. It is worth noting that the more expensive and better the materials, the more reliable and durable the Chinese roof will be.

A Chinese roof will be an excellent, although not very cheap, solution for gazebos or other extensions. If you have enough money, then choose it and surprise your neighbors and guests.

Any modern owner of a private home may country cottage, tries to create his own home as comfortable as possible from the inside with the most creative external finishing. Fortunately, current technology and innovative materials allow you to do this.

Today in the world there is an increased interest of people in cultural traditions. eastern countries. This fashion concerns not only the interior design and food dishes, but also the exterior decoration of all kinds of buildings. Interesting and surprising for visual perception is the roof of the house, made in true Japanese style. This option can effectively create an atmosphere of an oriental idea, distract from the drab and monotonous everyday life and will definitely become a source of inspiration and positive thoughts.

Attention! Roofs built in the style of “old” Japanese architecture may well have similar features to Dutch and half-timbered structural structures!

Features and nuances of the Japanese roof type

The Japanese roof, built using classical technology, is a kind of canopy over free space. In the old days, craftsmen did not use metal nails or other similar materials to install such a structure. fastening elements. It is covered with a sufficient layer on top natural wood or thick-stemmed straw and provides excellent protection from the direct rays of the hot sun.

Watch a video about arranging the roof of a Japanese gazebo

The role of holding support structures is a structure made of rafters made of wood. They are mounted directly into the ground, independently of the other parts of the building. The Japanese house has a unique design due to frequent earthquakes. If a disaster does occur, the destruction minimally affects people. It is for this reason that such a roof had a small mass, and all the outer walls were not thick.

The walls served as windows, letting in a sufficient amount of light. They were covered with a special “shoji” - white rice paper. The big advantage was the ability to move such windows and install them in the desired position. This did not compromise the strength of the entire structure.

Style types of Japanese roofs

There are several options for Japanese roofs:

- pointed gable version - roofs on which clay tiles or shingles (chips) are used as roof covering;

- hipped modification - a structure with a straw covering;

- roofs with several (or multiple) gables. The roofing material here is straw or shingles.

Quite often, thatched roofing was covered with clay tiles having an S-shaped profile. Strong winds could easily destroy such a roof, and because of this, the tile laying was carried out on a layer of fixing mortar.

Read also: Features of architecture and construction in France

To further strengthen the structure, the surfaces of the external seams were also covered with a fastening mixture, so the roofs often had small, distinctive-looking ridges. The main support of the entire roof was provided by a specially installed sheathing with alternating angular slopes. Special caps-tires were created at the joints and on the roof ridge.

For the most part, Japanese roofs did not have any additional aesthetic or exotic design, except for the construction and finishing materials that were used during construction. It was rare to see ornamental decoration on the skates themselves.

Roof on gazebos in true Chinese style

Quite often, “non-professionals” confuse Japanese types of roofs with Chinese versions, which is undoubtedly a serious mistake.

Japanese classic roofs were usually traditionally covered with thick thatch and at the same time had a rather modest, sparse appearance. In contrast, the Chinese roofing style features rounded protruding elements (eaves). This interesting feature moved with religious philosophy Buddhism to Japan around the sixth century.

This religion, with its profound influence, significantly developed and enriched Japanese architectural style, while enriching the design options for buildings. They began to build multi-pitched roofs aimed at the heavenly space, which created a feeling of unity with God. However, over many centuries, this style solution has become deeply traditional for Japan.

Important Feature– the presence of raised edges of the roof is a curious result that has a geometric nature of appearance. Technologically, the rafters and the created ties should not be concentrated in one plane, so they were fastened with strong ropes, which form such a curious configuration.

But, the main difference between the Japanese version of the roof and its Chinese counterpart is the absence of any decoration characteristic of the architectural structures of a large continent (in particular, Europe). When Japanese architectural structures contain decorative elements, they have an exclusively practical function, for example, strengthening the entire structure.

A clear similarity between the roofs of the Sino-Japanese region is the smoothly varying slope. This is due to the same climatic conditions. This solution allowed the eastern inhabitants to effectively deal with the warm, very humid (especially in Japan) climate, saturated with frequent rainfall. This is best demonstrated in roofing solutions with several tiers.

In reality the organization roof frame Eastern cultures are very similar. This nuance is due to the presence of identical materials for construction and the practical absence of its range. People used straw, branches of appropriate trees and, of course, bamboo for any construction, since more “serious” wood was in short supply.

Do-it-yourself Japanese roof construction technology

Let's consider the method of arranging a roof using an example country house.

Before starting construction of a house in oriental style it is necessary to accurately determine the type of the entire structure - will it be a fragmentary imitation of the Japanese type of roof or will the structure completely replicate the style of Asian art.

The difficulties that arise during the construction of an absolute analogue also lie in the price cost of materials, but at the same time, designing the most similar roof is not extremely difficult. It is possible to use modern soft single- or multi-component materials as a roof covering, for example, bitumen shingles.

Experts identify several construction stages construction Japanese roofing:

1. Formation of a design solution

It is important to carefully draw the desired configuration of the future roof when making a sketch drawing. There are two options here: hipped or gable. Carrying out design first causes more all sorts of difficulties. A gable analogue with any two gables makes it possible to become the owner of a fragment of Eastern culture without any particular difficulties.

2. Rafter system and its design

The Japanese roof has a concave profile, which can be accurately reproduced in two ways:

- pyramidal – structural organization rafter system will have a rectangular base. It is mounted using rafter quadrangles placed on top of each other;

— gable roof – the quadrangular elements will be the same. Required form roofing structure(parabolic curve) can be adjusted as required by the desired result. Adjustment is carried out by selecting the width truss structure and height of racks.

Recommendation! Experts recommend using 20.0 mm thick boards for sheathing elements!

The sheathing is fastened in the direction of the cornice from the ridge. There will be segments on the line of quadrilaterals. Their number will vary - the more bases in the project, the more there will be.

The joints of the sheathing boards must correspond to the middle of the edged board of the rafter system. For this you will need:

— plywood with sheet thickness up to 10.0 mm;

— boards 20.0 cm thick (needed for lathing);

- boards with a cross-section of 150.0x30.0 mm.

Phased construction plan

1. First, it is necessary to fix the stand in the central part of the support bar, with the obligatory implementation right angle(only 90 degrees!).

Read also: Architecture and construction of houses in Japan

2. The rafter leg must be fixed exclusively in the middle - between the edge of the support beam and the stand. Its other end is attached to the free end of the wooden stand.

3. Afterwards, the board is secured, one end of it is connected to the support beam, and the other is placed in the middle part of the rafter leg.

4. To get a resemblance to oriental designs, you need a perfectly smooth bend. This configuration can be achieved by installing an additional diagonal brace.

6. If the technology is executed correctly, the result should be a single (separate) truss truss. The total number of such elements directly depends only on overall dimensions the created roof.

Attention! Best distance between structural elements there must be 52.0-73.0 cm!

7. Subsequent actions will be more familiar. It is required to install the sheathing with its horizontal position while observing the spacing between the elements corresponding to the width of the sheets of plywood used.

Roof structure

Now let’s look at a more detailed description of the device and the current nuances of the roof:

- prepared plywood sheets installed only upon completion high-quality styling all elements of the sheathing. Special cuts (deep) must be made to 3/4 of the thickness to form the most thorough contact contact with the sheathing surface. Their total number depends on the intensity of the bending of the roof slope. The cuts made are made more often if the slope of the roof is larger;

— after complete completion of the installation of plywood elements, the roof itself is arranged. Flexible piece elements or roll options are equally suitable as covering materials. It is quite possible to use classic tiles if a special architectural design is fulfilled;

- no need to ignore the characteristic curved ends of the roof of such standard version. Today, on the special construction market for these purposes, you can purchase ready-made, suitable in shape or color, structural elements made of metal or wood.

Conclusion

An oriental-style roof is, of course, a creative, spectacular solution, however, before implementing the project, you should think about the feasibility of such a transformation own home. Such a roof can bring a lot of inconvenience under the natural Russian climatic conditions.

However, if there is a desire to have a piece of the East, you can consider the option of arranging a gazebo in an exclusively Japanese style. The unusual aesthetic appearance of the structure will fill the courtyard area with an oriental atmosphere and mood.

Eastern architecture has many adherents among the inhabitants of our country.

Bright, rich, rich colors, rich finishes, recognizable shapes - all this cannot leave you indifferent.

Most main element buildings in oriental style - a roof with characteristic upward bends in the corners. This allows the entire structure to look majestic, impressive, and at the same time it creates the feeling that the roof is almost weightless and floating in the air.

The upper structures that crown Chinese houses are usually decorated with elaborate carvings, various ornaments and mosaics, and figurines of mythical animals that ward off evil spirits from the home.

It is worth noting that initially ceramic sculptures played a more prosaic role: they prevented tiles from rolling off the roof.

Beautiful legends about dragons tell why traditional Chinese roofs are given exactly this shape. However, in reality, such a device has a practical justification.

in regions with strong seismic activity, buildings must have increased reliability, strength and resistance to tremors, which is ensured thanks to a special design;
Chinese roofs perform another the most important function: protect housing during heavy rains- from flooding. The strong angle of inclination allows water to drain quickly, curved slopes remove excess life-giving moisture as far as possible from the house;
in hot weather, large overhangs protect rooms from sun rays and allow enough air to pass through.

In ancient times, during the construction top structure building, the weight of the tiles laid on top of the bamboo caused the light and flexible woody stems to bend, and the corners seemed to rush into the sky by themselves. Subsequently, this structure became the rule.

The very structure of Eastern and European houses differs significantly. The structure of the roof, accordingly, is also fundamentally different.

Let's start with what is familiar to us frame system load created by roofing covering, evenly distributed over load-bearing walls.

The Chinese roof structure rests on a load-bearing pillar installed in the center of the building, thereby achieving vital reliability and stability during earthquakes.

Creating a simple roof truss

The stand is fixed in the center of the support beam, perpendicular to it. The rafter legs, fixed at one end at the top of the construction site, rest at a certain point with the other. This point is easy to calculate: you need to measure exactly half the distance from the rack to the edge of the support beam, and fix the rafter leg.

To give a smooth bend to the slope, struts are added.

Bent structures can be made from:

wood;
metal The flexibility is much higher than that of wood, but the cost is also higher.

Having understood all the nuances of oriental architecture, you can count on excellent results. As a result, the roof of a house or gazebo with curved corners, decorated decorative elements, will look bright and unusual. Most likely, the exotic design will quickly become a local landmark.

Traditional architecture occupies its own special niche in Chinese culture. It has such unique features as a synthesis of monumentality and grace of all designs, a variety of materials and colors, and sophistication of decor. The concave roof in the Chinese style, which can be unmistakably recognized in any corner of the earth, is no exception.

The roof is the first thing you notice when you see a house made in the Chinese style. It can be single- or multi-tiered, but in any case its massive design with curved edges gives Chinese house, on the one hand, a kind of majesty, and on the other, elegance. The curved shape contributed to a significant reduction in the weight of the roof (by almost a third), which made it possible to build Chinese roofs of houses without rafters based on a post-and-beam structure.

Chinese roof design It is distinguished by an angular bend and the absence of a reverse bend at the ribs. In terms of the internal structure and design of the rafter system, in certain details it differs significantly from European standards. For example, in contrast to the Western version, the absence in the Chinese version of a rafter system resting on load-bearing walls or the absence of rafter legs and struts, and tightening of hanging rafters.

Note that the load experienced by the roof, according to Chinese technology, is distributed throughout the structure, in contrast to the “European” triangle, in the form of a rectangle.

Chinese roof structure according to the relevant rules of traditional oriental architecture, this is a rather expensive undertaking. Therefore, it may be more advisable to start constructing its imitation or limit yourself to erecting a small pagoda on your site.

How to make a Chinese roof: stages of construction

Development of a roof project

First of all, you need to understand the configuration of the future roof and make a sketch. It should immediately be noted that the construction hipped roof associated with great difficulties. Therefore, it is better to opt for a simpler option - gable roof with two gables. This option will satisfy the desire to have an exotic roof, and the work will be quite simple.

Support system design

The rafter system is designed according to the prepared sketch. In this case, it is necessary to achieve the result distinctive feature Chinese roof - its concave profile. There are two possible options for this.

Rafter system in the form of a pyramid with a rectangular base

With such a device, the main element load-bearing structure is a rafter quadrangle. Installed on top of each other, they will form the desired pyramid.

In the case of a gable roof, the quadrangles will have the same length. The parabolic curve of the roof is obtained by selecting the width of the trusses and the height of the racks.

The material for the sheathing elements is boards with a thickness of 20 mm. They are fastened starting from the ridge towards the eaves, so the number of these segments on one line corresponds to the number of mounted rafter quadrangles.

The sheathing boards are positioned so that their joints are located in the middle of the edged boards of the rafter system.

Hanging rafter system

To install the rafter system, you will need the following materials:
- boards with a section of 15x3 cm,
- 2 cm thick boards used for lathing,
- plywood, the thickness of which is no more than 1 cm.
How to make a roof truss
- The stand is fixed strictly in the middle of the support beam, while clearly maintaining a right angle (90⁰);
- the distance between the stand and the edge of the support beam is divided in half. Next, one of the ends of the rafter leg is fixed at the resulting point, and the second is attached to the free edge of the rack;
- find the center of the rafter leg and at this point fix one end of the board, and the second, accordingly, attach it to the edge of the support beam;
- to obtain a smoother bend of the roof, add an additional strut;
- repeat all these operations again on the other side B-pillar- in a mirror image relative to her.
Thus, the result will be a single truss truss. Number of such structural elements determined depending on the size of the roof. It should be noted that optimal distance between roof trusses considered 0.5 - 0.7 m.
- The next step after installing the rafter structure is the installation of the sheathing. The sheathing should be positioned horizontally, with its pitch determined by the width of the plywood.
Roofing device
- After installing the sheathing, the next step is to begin installing the plywood. Cuts are made on the sheet to approximately ¾ of its thickness. This is necessary to ensure a tight fit of the plywood to the sheathing. The number of cuts is determined based on the bend of the slope: the larger the radius of its curvature, the greater the number of cuts required.
- After installing the plywood in place, they proceed directly to installing the roof. It is recommended to cover such a roof either roll materials, or piece flexible material for roofing, for example, with bitumen shingles.
Tiles, of course, are more suitable for realizing the overall artistic design.

The Chinese style roof has curved ends. Which are decorated using ready-made metal or wooden structures.

Eastern architecture always attracts a lot of attention because of its unusual, original forms, use bright colors and interesting constructive solutions. The East is traditionally associated with something mysterious, enigmatic or even mystical, so this design direction remains popular and relevant for a long time.

Even just a Chinese-style roof with curved edges and a wide cornice brings oriental exoticism to the appearance of the house and radically changes its appearance. In this article we will talk about characteristic features this type of roof and the technology of its construction.

The Chinese roof is an original design solution that is rightfully considered business card Eastern direction in design. Its appearance is significantly different from the triangular gable roofs traditional for our area. A house with a Chinese-style roof immediately takes on an oriental exoticism. Characteristic Features of this design are:

Curved edges pointing towards the sky. The roof eaves, curving at an incredible angle, give the structure original look, visually reminiscent of oriental temples, pagodas or tea houses.
Wide, massive cornices. Chinese-style roof overhangs extend far from the outer walls of the structure, protecting from torrential downpours, snow and wind, that is, all adverse weather phenomena.
Tiles of a special shape. Ceramic tiles are used to cover Chinese style roofing cylindrical, with the help of which it is convenient to design corner joints and the ridge of the structure.

Note! Chinese style roofing has one distinctive feature– lack of a traditional rafter system, characteristic of gable roofs. Its frame is a post-and-beam structure that reliably distributes and bears the weight of the roofing pie.

Appearance and finish

Traditional roofing is used to cover Chinese roofs. ceramic tiles cylindrical shape. The use of this type of roofing material allows you to more accurately design the joints between the slopes and the ridge. In addition to the upward curved eaves, the following give the roof a unique look:

Qiang shou figurines. Special profile rectangular shape with figurines depicting various mythical creatures, used to design joints. They not only protect the roof from water penetration in the most vulnerable places, but also give it an original, recognizable appearance.
Ridge profile with clamps. The ridge profile with ceramic clips is the most recognizable element of Chinese architecture. Thanks to him, the roof becomes “horned”.

Chinese style roofing with decorative figures in the form of dragons

Important! Before making a Chinese roof, you need to take into account that ceramic tiles, a massive frame and a wide curved cornice significantly increase the weight of the structure. To support the weight of the cornice, a special system of brackets is installed, called dougong in traditional Chinese architecture.

What to choose original or imitation?

Do-it-yourself Chinese roof is an aesthetic and elegant option for country house, gazebos or commercial buildings intended to accommodate cafes and restaurants. However, if you strictly adhere to architectural traditions, you may encounter difficulties, since the post-beam structure has a very complex structure that requires a large number of financial and physical costs. To reduce costs, you can imitate a traditional Chinese roof using simpler design solutions and modern waterproofing materials. The original and imitation differ in the following factors:

Traditional Chinese roofing is characterized by the absence of a conventional rafter system, since structures in China typically use support columns instead of load-bearing walls. This device makes it possible to minimize Negative consequences seismic activity. The post-and-beam system is designed specifically to withstand intense loads.
The imitation of a Chinese roof is distinguished by the fact that it is built on the basis of a conventional rafter system and lighter, flexible roofing materials that allow it to fit the frame structure. Visually, it quite accurately imitates the appearance of a Chinese roof, but is much cheaper.

Important! Before you build a house with a Chinese roof, you need to decide whether you will make an imitation or traditional version. Professional craftsmen They believe that for our area, where there is practically zero seismic activity, it is better to limit ourselves to imitation, since it looks just as impressive, but is much more convenient from the point of view of installation.

Installation technology

Experienced craftsmen claim that a Chinese-style roof for a house or gazebo is a labor-intensive, but quite realistic design solution. The key to the reliability and durability of the structure is the accuracy of calculations and the use of high-quality materials. Installation is carried out in the following sequence:

The first stage of creating a Chinese-style roof is planning. In order for the structure to support its weight, it is necessary to calculate the load that will be placed on it.
First of all, after laying the Mauerlat, vertical supports are installed exactly in the center; they must be strong enough and powerful.
Then second boards are installed, one end of which rests against the Mauerlat, and the other in the middle of the vertical post.
The next board rests with one end against the middle of the second beam, and with its top at the top point of the vertical support post, located in the center.
After installation of the support beam structure, a sheathing is installed on which waterproofing is laid.
When the installation of waterproofing and sheathing is completed, you can proceed to laying the roofing material. Usually, for the construction of Chinese-style roofs, bitumen shingles are used, which bend well and therefore easily fit on curved slopes.

Please note that the wide ones in the Chinese style need to be hemmed from the bottom to protect them from the penetration of moisture, cold air and snow. In addition, you can decorate finished roof traditional figures.