Warm roof with your own hands. How to make a warm roof: recommendations for constructing a roofing pie. Combined roof insulation option

When asked how to make a roof warm, one should assume that we are talking about attic device roofs. If this is so, then roof insulation will be a multi-stage system, represented by several different layers:

• thermal insulation;
• vapor barrier;
• hydro-windproof;
• ventilation gap.

The design of an insulated roof is a system in which each component takes on special significance.

Warm roof design

Since the attic belongs to the category of residential premises, it must maintain appropriate humidity levels. temperature regime. Which means that the insulation of the walls and ceiling in it must be carried out at the same level as when thermally insulating the main walls of the building from the outside.

Requirements for installation of insulation:

1. The thermal insulation material should not contain depressions or cavities that create free passage of air.
2. The insulation must completely fill all the space allocated for these purposes.

Mistakes made by beginners:

• the appearance of cold bridges and insufficient thickness of the insulating layer;
• missing insulation width, as a result of which the rafter spaces are not completely filled;
• exceeding the norm thickness (width) of the insulation layer, taking away part of the space from the ventilation gap.

When choosing an insulation product, pay attention to:

• thermal conductivity;
• sound insulation;
• safety from the point of view of the environment and firefighters;
• vapor permeability.

Expanded polystyrene boards are suitable for all types of roofing. It is permissible for them not to install a vapor barrier.

Glass wool has excellent sound, heat and electrical insulation properties, but its hygroscopicity and instability on pitches give every reason to use it only for flat floors.

Vapor barrier device

Dryness - best condition to preserve the heat insulator’s properties. To prevent diffusion and the subsequent formation of condensation falling on the insulation from the space of the room, a vapor barrier film is laid on the side of the insulation. For this purpose, in most cases, a special metallized film consisting of three layers is used. Its installation must ensure absolute tightness. The canvases at the joints and in contact with the walls are carefully sealed with sealing tape or tape.

Wind-waterproofing

To protect the insulation material from moisture settling on inner surface roof covering, pollution, blowing, removal of vapors from the insulation, a layer of wind and waterproofing is placed on top of it. The following functions can be performed:

• diffuse (“breathable”) membranes with vapor permeability;
• polyethylene films with microperforation;
• films with an anti-condensation layer.

Pie arrangement:

1. Work is carried out from the inside. Install a layer of waterproofing, which is attached with staples to the counter battens with slight sagging (but not more than 10 cm).
2. The insulation is installed between the rafters, leaving no gaps. Add another layer of insulation if climate conditions require it. Make sure that the seams between the layers do not coincide.
3. All layers are covered with a vapor barrier film, which is secured with a stapler.
4. Spaces are maintained between layers.
5. The pie is hidden behind plywood.

That's all the steps on how to do it warm roof.

For a long time in Rus', there were no problems with roof insulation at all: straw was knitted or reeds were dried, and that’s all - the roof of the house was reliably protected from both rain and cold. But modern coatings They do not have any heat-insulating properties at all, and with all the development of progress, up to 30% of all heat leaks through such a roof.

Therefore, if you do not want to warm the atmosphere, study in detail the insulation of the roof from the inside - in this article we will cover all the points!

Conventionally, roof insulation in construction world They are divided into attic, when the roof slopes are insulated, and attic, when the ceiling is thermally insulated.

Like this? We can say that attics also have their own attic - this is the ventilation gap between internal insulation and laid roofing. The fact is that heat, according to all the laws of physics, always rises and seeks its release into the atmosphere. It passes through both the insulation and the vapor barrier, and together with water vapor. And then in the eaves plumb he pulls himself up outside air, which passes to the ridge and along the way picks up both vapors and excess heat. Through aerators or the same ridge, all this is safely removed and does not cause any problems.

Those. in an ordinary, unused roof, the attic occupies the entire space from the ridge to the attic floor, and in the attic, the attic is just a small space under the slopes between the insulation and the roofing. And in insulating both, the type of roof has its own approach, which we will now study.

Cold roof insulation technology

If your roof is cold, then the heat-insulating layer should not be on the slopes, but on the floor of the attic. This is where it stops the heat flow coming from below and prevents the cold from the roof from descending into the living space below. As a result, the temperature in the attic remains within +1-2 degrees, roofing material not heated. In fact, such an attic serves as a necessary air gap between living rooms houses and a thin roof covering.

All roll, slab and bulk insulation materials. Because the ceiling does not have a slope, it does not have any special requirements for the heat-insulating material used: nothing will crumble or be exposed.

Please ensure that, after insulating the roof, it remains properly insulated. organized ventilation: must be in stock dormer windows, located opposite each other, ventilation ridges and aerators, and in the eaves there is round-the-clock access to suck in outside air. As a result, the temperature in a non-residential attic should be as close as possible to the street temperature, and the living space below is already separated from it by proper thermal insulation of the floor.

Now let's take a closer look at insulating a cold roof.

Insulation with mineral wool

When insulating the attic floor with mineral wool, first of all pay attention to the distance between the slats or joists - it should be slightly less than the roll or mat of insulation.

Typically, thermal insulation of the roof interior is complicated uneven surface the attic floor, differences in its height, a large number of slats and bars, not to mention ventilation pipes and electrical wiring:

Ecowool insulation

If you want the house to breathe and steam to escape easily, then insulate attic floor modern ecowool:

Insulation with blown-in cotton wool

Recently blowing - roof insulation blown cotton wool is becoming more and more popular. The Japanese “insulation” Esbro-Vul II is used here, which does not emit dust and therefore does not create problems. And the blowing method itself is actually quite simple:

• Step 1. Place a vertical ruler on the floor and mark required height spraying mineral wool.
• Step 2. Apply insulation in an even layer to the desired level.
• Step 3. Lay the insulation so tightly that one cubic meter accounted for his 25 kg weight.

Note that this type of insulation is the most popular in Japan, and has already found many supporters in Russia.

Glass wool insulation

And finally, glass wool - if you will not use the attic at all. The fact is that even closed under the sheathing glass wool sometimes causes irritation of ENT organs. This is why you have to wear a respirator and goggles when working with it:

Insulation with sawdust

When insulating a roof with sawdust, follow these instructions:

• Step 1. First of all, you need to protect wooden structure. To do this, we first apply an antiseptic composition, then fire-bioprotective mixtures, and on top - water-repellent agents.
• Step 2. The next step is to place a backing (cardboard is possible) and close the seams and cracks, if any, with foam (large) or sealant (small). When finished, we trim off the foam that has come out and level it with the beams.
• Step 3. Now we fill in the sawdust in two layers: first the larger fraction, as well as shavings, and then the fine ones, so that dust does not form in the room.
• Step 4. To prevent rodents from growing on the attic floor, add dry lime and small broken glass to the sawdust.

Warm roof insulation technology

The mansard roof is a special design. Here too cold attic, only it is very small, because the insulated attic ceiling is pulled almost flush against it using additional sheathing. In fact, there is only space for ventilation, and nothing more. And ventilation serves to ensure that the heat from the attic does not touch the roofing, on which the snow in winter should remain as a heat insulator and not melt.

Here shining example the most standard situation of improper attic insulation: install the cheapest rafters of 15 cm, put fluffy mineral wool in two layers of 5 cm and cover it all with a roofing covering. Ventilation - only 5 cm, without inflow and outlet, because... There was no specialist nearby to advise. As a result, in the summer there is unbearable heat, from which even air conditioners cannot help, and in the winter there is a generous amount of ice on the roof. And all because in this circuit it is the street air that heats up the most. In other words, that very small attic that we talked about must definitely exist, and it’s far from 5 cm.

And in such a roof you need to think through the vapor barrier especially carefully:

And further. The material used to make rafters is always designed for a certain weight. Yes, the roof is under soft tiles You can also build from drywall profiles, just insulate it with heavy basalt wool it is forbidden. Also mansard roof a good one is needed forced ventilation so that the insulation does not rot or deteriorate. Therefore, carefully read all the points of the master classes we prepared:

Insulation with mineral wool

Follow these simple instructions:

• Step 1. Install hydro and wind protection. If possible, use modern membranes - they are stronger and more durable. In any case, fasten the material with an overlap, and seal all joints with construction tape.
• Step 2. Now measure the distance between adjacent rafters.
• Step 3. Using a regular or stationery knife, easily cut the insulation into the required pieces and insert it between the rafters.
• Step 4. Install between the membrane and internal lining additional sheathing.

Please note that you need to attach the vapor barrier membrane with the smooth side to the insulation, and the fleecy side - inside the room.

If the distance between the beams is no more than 60 centimeters, it will be more convenient for you to use square insulation mats:

• Step 1. It is advisable to add rough sheathing inside, under the rafters, so that the insulation has something to rest on. Make the distance between the bars about 20-30 cm. Ordinary uncut wood with medium-sized nails is also quite suitable for this purpose, it is only important that the bars are of the same thickness.
• Step 2. After installing the rough sheathing inside the structure, remove all dust and dirt using a construction vacuum cleaner.
• Step 3. Next we process everything wooden special means from fungus, rot and mold. Just use for this purpose not a spray gun, which is less effective, but a regular paint brush. With its help you can achieve deep penetration funds into wood, and this is important.
• Step 4. Allow the product to completely absorb and dry for two to three days.

As a result, all your sheets should lie tightly - a little tighter than you need at first glance. This is the only way to avoid the presence of cracks and subsequent freezing of the roof.

And one more thing: ordinary mineral wool slabs not particularly designed for insulating roof slopes, because They don’t stick well between the rafters, but they can be used to insulate gables.

Glass wool insulation

To insulate roof slopes with glass wool, purchase the best, from famous manufacturers. Such glass wool practically does not contain dangerous glass dust, which is what annoys workers the most. Also, it does not highlight after installation. harmful substances, which was even confirmed by the Finnish Institute of Health. After all, it’s one thing to throw this “thorn” onto the ceiling of an unused attic, and another thing to cover it with clapboard in a billiard room or personal account on the attic floor.

Combined insulation

If desired and appropriate, you can insulate the roof from the inside using two different types insulation at the same time. But one thing needs to be taken into account important point– vapor permeability. The fact is that when selecting different insulation materials for an effective combination, we usually only summarize their heat-insulating properties. But their vapor permeability is completely different!

And, if, for example, you put mineral wool down first when insulating, and foam plastic on top, then the water vapor that gets into the wool will begin to tend to the colder part of the roof and bury itself in the absolutely non-breathable foam plastic. As a result, all the insulation will simply suffocate and “delight” with mold. But on the contrary, it is possible: first we put foam plastic on the bottom of the rafters, and then mineral wool on it. If any steam passes through the vapor barrier and the cracks between foam boards, then it will easily overcome the mineral wool and fall into the ventilation duct. Therefore there is this rule: upper layer insulation should always have high vapor permeability and thermal conductivity.

And finally, if the warm roof will be used as a sauna or an additional bathroom, insulation and roofing in it need to be thought out especially carefully.

Increasingly, owners of private houses prefer not to throw money away. And carefully insulate your homes using various materials. This approach is highly practical, since from an uninsulated house to environment up to 70% of the heat is lost. A warm roof will help to avoid this, the installation methods of which and the materials used for this will be discussed in the article.

The most difficult thing is to choose insulation for flat roof. Its installation is no less difficult. In this regard, insulation of a flat roof is carried out according to special rules, which is fundamentally different from conducting similar works on pitched roofs. Common points are observed only in the sequence of placement of layers roofing pie. The main difference is that flat roofs do not have rafter systems, among the elements of which it is customary to place thermal insulation materials.

In addition, the insulation of a flat roof is complicated by the fact that there is nothing to nail the sheathing to, thereby forming a ventilation gap responsible for ventilating the components of the roofing cake. Instead of ventilation ducts It is customary to create unique products. They are installed by partially gluing the pie elements to the mat.

The installation of a warm roof is a mandatory step when constructing flat roofs. Thermal insulation is installed when installing systems on a profiled sheet and on a reinforced concrete base. Insulation flat roof involves the need to install a vapor barrier layer inside the building. It is designed to protect thermal insulation from household vapors. WITH outside, thermal insulation material protected by waterproofing.

The roofing pie consists of three layers, successively built on top of each other. The traditional components for its arrangement include:

• vapor barrier;
• thermal insulation;
• waterproofing.

Violating the sequence of installation of layers and the rules for their placement ends disastrously for home owners. They are forced to spend significant sums on dismantling and re-arranging the pie. Otherwise, the thermal insulation of a flat roof will not last long and will not work correctly.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that insulation of a flat roof must be carried out only in heated rooms. Otherwise, the roofing pie includes only one element - waterproofing.

Types of insulated flat roofs

Insulation for flat roofs should be selected taking into account their types. A seemingly simple flat roof can confuse self-taught craftsmen who want to quickly build protection over their heads. Those who consider flat roofing one of the cheapest options will also be surprised. If you arrange the roof in accordance with all the rules, using required amount waterproofing insulating and vapor barrier materials, then installation will cost a decent amount. In addition, do not forget about parapets, gutters and other structural elements.

The design of a warm roof does not allow the absence of one or more of the above elements and violation of the rules for their installation. In this regard, you should trust the installation of a warm roof to experienced specialists. They will certainly comply with the technology of flat roof insulation and provide a long-term guarantee for the work done.

Installation of a warm roof is possible on two types of similar structures:

• combined or without attics. Their roof structure is combined with the ceiling. To properly perform insulation, it is necessary to lay thermal insulation with accompanying materials on top of the base. The advantages of roofless roofs include the absence of the need to clear snow from them. The main disadvantage is that the condition of the roof cannot be checked during operation. Even small damage can lead to leaks;
• attics, divided into two subtypes. The first type is a combined roof, equipped with easy adjustment. In such a situation, you need to insulate the roof as described above. The second subtype of attic flat roof is characterized by the fact that the attic superstructure is an independent structure. Thus, it is necessary to insulate not only ceiling, but also the roof itself.

More long term services are different attic roofs second type. It's no secret that their installation will cost much more, but this will more than pay off with a long service life and no need for private repairs.

Technical nuances of insulation

You can make a warm roof in many ways, the choice of which is influenced by many different circumstances. The main ones include:

• financial capabilities of the owner of the house;
• required thermal insulation characteristics;
• load-bearing capacity of floors, etc.

The flat roof pie can be constructed from almost any waterproofing and vapor barrier materials. This can also be said about insulation materials. The installation of a flat roof allows the use of the following thermal insulation materials:

• expanded clay;
• lightweight concrete mixtures;
• mineral wool;
• glass wool, etc.

Today, the top three leading thermal insulation materials for flat roofs include:

• expanded polystyrene. A rigid material made by pressing and sintering granulated styrene;
• extruded polystyrene foam. It differs from ordinary polystyrene foam in that, in addition to styrene granules, it contains a foaming agent;
• mineral wool. With this, morally outdated, nevertheless popular insulation, many builders prefer to work. It is made by melting silicate rocks.

It is necessary to select thermal insulation material for arranging a warm roof only after consultation with experts in this matter. There are two fundamentally wrong approaches to choosing materials. The point of the first is to buy the most expensive material. It is worth understanding that it may not be compatible with the type of roof, as a result of which thermal insulation will be minimal. The second way is to choose the cheapest material. By practicing this approach, you don’t have to insulate the roof at all.

Methods of insulation depending on the type of base

A warm roof can be installed on bases made of corrugated sheets or reinforced concrete. The latter include slabs and reinforced screeds. The insulation method is selected depending on the type of base:

• insulation of a roof having a base of reinforced concrete slabs, performed using mineral wool. It is laid on top of a prefabricated or cement-sand reinforced screed. When carrying out such work, it should be taken into account that the compressive density of the insulating material must be no less than 40 kPa. The permissible deformation of the insulation should not be higher than 10%. If a two-layer system is being installed, then the density of the lower tier cannot be less than 30 kPa, and the upper 60 kPa;
• installation of a warm roof on a base made of corrugated sheets must be carried out with the condition of arranging a two-layer structure. The density indicators inherent in roofing insulation must correspond to the above.

If galvanized corrugated sheeting was used to install the roof, then installation of the waterproofing layer is allowed without carrying out preparatory work, during which a leveling layer is installed. The need for its presence is due to the fact that the insulation must rest on a profiled sheet for at least 30% of its area. During installation, mechanical fasteners are used at the rate of 2 units per 1 slab. If the basis of the roof is concrete slab, then the fixation of the roofing and thermal insulation material is carried out at the same time.

When carrying out installation, it should be taken into account that the roof is far from a homogeneous horizontal area. It contains various vertical structural elements, for example, ventilation shafts, chimneys etc. When laying insulation next to them, the number of fasteners should be increased.

Rules for laying thermal insulation materials

The rules for laying insulation are directly related to the principle of arranging the roofing pie. This is due to the fact that the insulation is its most significant and voluminous part. The specifics of a warm roof device are as follows:

• installation of slabs of heat-insulating material must begin from the corner located in the low part of the roof. If a slope was not provided for during the construction of the building, then the first element of thermal insulation should be placed at the site where the drainage system is installed;
• Insulation boards must be placed on corrugated sheets in such a way that their long side is perpendicular to the corrugations. This allows fasteners to be placed on different ridges;
• If a multi-layer system is being installed, the seams of different layers of thermal insulation must under no circumstances match.

The installation rules described above have been time-tested and are observed everywhere. By adhering to them, you can achieve best result. In addition, this insulation technology can significantly reduce material costs.

Methods of fastening slabs of heat-insulating material

Additionally, methods for attaching thermal insulation material should be listed. This point is quite important, because the fixation is carried out in accordance with the type of roof being installed. To secure the insulation to a flat roof, you can use following methods:

• mechanical. Thermal insulation is fixed using telescopic fasteners;
• adhesive. All elements of the warm roof pie are glued using bitumen polymer mastic;
• ballast. All elements of the roofing pie are laid without the use of fasteners and covered with gravel, pebbles, etc.

The latter method is actively gaining popularity, but when using it, the technology for laying thermal insulation material is slightly changed. It is laid on waterproofing. This method of creating a warm roof allows you to plant greenery on it, which looks quite aesthetically pleasing.

The information given above is quite enough to independently select a thermal insulation material for a flat roof and arrange warm roof. Of course, this is only possible if you have some experience in carrying out construction work.

Magazine "Favorite Dacha".

According to rough estimates, the roof accounts for a third of all heat loss in a home. To reduce them to a minimum, this part of the house must be properly insulated. Let's consider how and with what materials it is best to do this.

Why and how to insulate?

As a rule, the roof is insulated in case of operation of the under-roof space, that is, when installing an attic in it. If you are not going to use the attic, then only insulate it ceiling of the last floor. But in most modern private houses, attics are residential. This means that the roof plane must be insulated according to regulatory requirements(in energy efficient houses the heat transfer coefficient should be less than 0.20 W/m²∙°C). In this case, the thickness of the roof should be minimal so as not to limit the space under the slopes that can be used.

One way or another, the insulation will be able to fully function only if moisture does not accumulate in it. In any weather and at any time of the year he must stay dry. With an increase in the moisture content in it by only 5%, its thermal insulation capacity decreases by almost half. WITH inside facing the room, the insulation must be protected from moisture by a vapor barrier, and on the outside - by waterproofing.

Exists a variety of thermal insulation materials: mineral wool based on basalt and fiberglass, expanded polystyrene, foam glass, cellulose, cork agglomerate. For roofing, as a rule, they use materials with a fibrous structure - based on basalt or fiberglass. They are not only characterized by good thermal insulation properties, but also perfectly dampen noise. In addition, they are not flammable. Total thickness layers of mineral wool under the roof of an energy-efficient house should be at least 20 cm. At the same time, it is important to secure the insulation well so that it does not slide down over time, especially for soft thermal insulation materials.

Except mineral wool insulation based on basalt, can be used for roofing fiberglass materials, which consists of many glass fibers with air between them. The thickness of glass wool fibers is less than the thickness of human hair and mineral fibers, therefore their quantity in a nominal volume is greater. Therefore, this insulation has more air gaps, which means its thermal conductivity is lower, although both materials have similar performance characteristics.

Can be used as insulation liquid foam plastic - penoizol, which belongs to a new generation of carbamide foams. This material differs from expanded polystyrene in its vapor permeability and high fire resistance, low density, resistance to microorganisms and affordable price. In addition, penoizol has good thermal insulation properties.

Characteristics for choosing insulation

When choosing heat and soundproofing materials It is advisable to focus on the following universal criteria:

. specific gravity. The smaller it is (up to a certain level), the better. The standard range is 14-20 kg/m³. Lightweight material saves delivery costs and installation time, reduces the load on the structure and often has superior thermal and sound insulation parameters;

. thermal conductivity. The smaller it is, the lower the cost of heating the room. This value indirectly depends on the air content in the material ( specific gravity);

. durability. The effective service life must be at least 25 years;

. high vapor permeability. This is the key to optimal humidity conditions indoors and in roof structures.

. non-flammability. A particularly important indicator for the components of the roofing “pie”, since the roof structure contains ventilated gaps that contribute to the rapid spread of flame when flammable materials are used;

. environmental friendliness. The materials must use natural raw materials and have the appropriate European certificates.

Insulation of roof slopes

At first waterproofing is laid on the counter-lattice. It is placed horizontally, ensuring that the film overlaps by at least 10 cm and has slight sagging in case of thermal expansion of the material. The film joints are sealed. Then Insulation is placed tightly between the rafters, without gaps, which is sewn up from the side of the under-roof space vapor barrier film. It is desirable that this layer is also sealed. Thermal insulation boards or the mats should be semi-rigid so that they stick well on an inclined and vertical planes. The number of layers to be laid depends on the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation, the value of which is indicated in the certificate of conformity.

Insulation of the ceiling of the last floor

The insulation is laid on the ceiling in two stages. At first mats or slabs are placed between the beams. For ventilation between the insulation layer and windproof film(regardless of how well it allows air to pass through) it is recommended to leave a gap of 3 cm. Then you should nail an additional wooden grid and lay a layer of mineral wool. Its thickness is individual for each material, and also depends on building codes for the corresponding climatic region. The insulation should be laid tightly, avoiding gaps at the joints, in order to eliminate linear cold bridges. You can prevent the formation of spot cold bridges at the joints of the beams and the covering by nailing another lattice and laying another layer of insulation. Instead of wooden blocks, you can use profiles for plasterboard systems.

Closed loop principle

When starting to insulate a house, remember: in order to achieve the maximum effect of heat conservation, you need to observe the principle of a closed thermal circuit, eliminating the presence of uninsulated areas. That's why Thermal insulation material should be laid tightly, avoiding the formation of cracks and gaps between adjacent slabs. The most unreliable in this regard are the joints of walls with ceilings and roofs, slopes window openings, places under window sills, exits to a balcony or terrace.

In addition to the loose fit of the material cause of the formation of cold bridges the thickness of the thermal insulation layer may be insufficient. Too much thin layer insulation will not cope with the resulting loads. It will let in cold air in winter and hot air in summer.

Usage insulation of insufficient rigidity and wrong choice geometric dimensions can lead to slipping and sagging of the material, which results in ruptures of the thermal insulation carpet and the appearance of cold bridges.

Cold bridges can be linear or point-like. Linear causes discontinuity of the thermal insulation layer (for example, along the perimeter window slopes or balcony doors and jumpers in the area of ​​​​structural units), point - various fastening elements (suspensions, anchors, etc.), at points of connection with house structures (for example, at installation points television antennas, awnings, etc.)

Thermal insulation tandem for roof and walls

Roof insulation is carried out by laying insulation on the floors above top floor (when arranging non-residential attic) or on the attic slopes(when arranging a living space). Insulation of walls in most cases is carried out from the outside - these are plaster and ventilated facades, as well as insulation under the siding. Be sure to ensure that the insulation of the walls and roof creates a continuous thermal circuit. After all, the essence of insulating any structures is precisely the creation of a thermal circuit, the interruption of which leads to heat losses, disruption of the microclimate and even destruction of structures.

If the thermal insulation elements of the roof and walls are in close contact with each other, then it is enough to simply fix them in the desired position by tying them with fishing line or tape. Make sure that no gaps form in these places.

The role of the roof of a house in providing warmth and a dry microclimate in the house is certainly great. However, it would be a mistake to assume that only by choosing the right roofing material can quality be ensured. In fact, it only covers a multilayer system of various materials, and how to make a warm roof depends on the characteristics of each of them.

Roof types: cold or warm

Roofs can be classified as cold and insulated. The first ones are in houses with non-residential attic space, the thermal insulation in which is located on the attic floor. Therefore, the issue of insulation does not arise, since this is simply not necessary. On the contrary, the attic space must be turned into a poorly ventilated area to allow vapors from the insulation to evaporate freely and to avoid the formation of condensation. quite simple: as a rule, these are rafters with lathing stuffed on them, onto which they attach, and not always, waterproofing and a roof.

But if there is a residential attic space right under the roof, it is necessary to insulate it. Moreover, it is necessary to carry out insulation even in the case of a summer house. In summer, thermal insulation protects against the heat of the roof, heated by the sun, and in winter, on the contrary, it does not allow it to escape internal warmth Houses. Insulation also serves as sound insulation, especially if the roof is metal.

Before making a warm roof, you need to clearly understand that this is enough a complex system of interrelated elements, in which each of them is important.

Insulated roof design

The roof insulation device is reminiscent of creating a multi-layer cake, only consisting of layers of hydro-, steam- and thermal insulation. The efficiency of the elements and their durability can be ensured provided that a certain sequence of arrangement of its layers is observed.

Thermal insulation

In a living space, and the attic is just that, the temperature and humidity levels should be the same as in the entire building. This means that the thermal insulation of the walls and ceiling of the attic should not be inferior to the insulation of the main external walls building.

It is very important that the thermal insulation is done correctly, otherwise damage can be expected in load-bearing structure and loss of aesthetics of interior decoration.

Requirements for laying thermal insulation material

• There should be no depressions or cavities in the insulation for free passage of air.
• It must completely fill the space provided for insulation.

Let's note some typical mistakes insulation:

• too small thickness of the insulating layer, the appearance of “cold bridges”;
• small insulation width, which is why the space between the rafters is not filled;
• the thickness of the insulation is large, due to which part of it blocks the ventilation gap;
• The width of the insulation is too large, as a result of which the insulation is squeezed out towards the ventilation gap.

Materials for thermal insulation

The insulation is selected based, in particular, on the following requirements:

• good thermal conductivity,
• environmental and fire safety,
• soundproofing,
• vapor permeability.

Expanded polystyrene boards can be used for thermal insulation of both pitched and flat surfaces. When using this material, a vapor barrier need not be installed.

Glass wool has good sound, electrical and thermal insulation properties. However, it is hygroscopic and due to the unstable mechanical structure on pitched structures slides down over time. Fiberglass is therefore more often used for flat roof insulation.

Vapor barrier

In order for the insulation to show its insulating qualities, it must be in a dry state. Any ingress of moisture into it can cause partial or complete loss of properties of the insulation and its rotting in just one season. As a rule, it is moistened due to diffusion and further condensation of water vapor penetrating from interior spaces. Therefore, from the side of the room it is necessary. For these purposes, a special metallized three-layer film is often used. During installation, absolute tightness must be ensured. The joints of the canvases and the areas where they meet the walls are carefully glued using tape or sealing tape.

Hydro-wind insulation

To protect the insulation from condensation that forms on the inner surface of the roof covering, blowing, dirt, as well as the removal of vapors from the insulation, a layer of hydro-wind insulation is laid on top of it. These functions can be performed

• polypropylene films with microperforation;
• films with anti-condensation coating;
• diffusion vapor-permeable “breathing” membranes:

Reinforced films They are distinguished by their high tensile and puncture strength, but the vapor permeability of the material is low. For this reason, when there is an excess of moisture, the perforations of the film become clogged, and it stops releasing water vapor from the roofing pie.

Next generation, films with anti-condensation coating, are free from this drawback. Excess steam is absorbed into the pile and, without forming drops, is retained there until the exposure to moisture stops. The anti-condensation layer then dries in the air flow.

It should be noted that these materials cannot be laid in close proximity to thermal insulation. If during installation you do not provide a ventilation gap for the passage of air, then the moisture accumulated in the insulation due to their insufficient vapor permeability will condense in it. And as a result, moisture in the rafters and sheathing, mold formation, etc.

Breathable membrane- this is both a serious obstacle to external moisture and an almost transparent outlet for steam. Non-woven material, which is its basis, has high vapor permeability, therefore, unlike other similar materials, it can be laid directly on the insulation. Due to the absence of a ventilation gap, part of the under-roof space is freed up, and the space between the rafters can be used more efficiently.

Ventilation gap

A ventilation system is necessary to remove moisture from the under-roof space and the roofing structure And. Ventilation gap, providing air circulation, forms a counter-lattice. If the roof is constructed correctly, then moisture-saturated air from under it easily escapes through ventilation ducts through a ventilation ridge or aerators.

Roofing pie device

• The first layer of waterproofing is laid. It is secured over the sheathing and secured to the counter-lattice bars using staples. The material is laid with a slight sag, but not more than 10 cm.
• Next, insulation is placed on top of the waterproofing. Thermal insulation is installed between the rafters, without gaps.
• Depending on climatic conditions, another layer of thermal insulation can be laid. In this case, the seams of both layers should not coincide with each other.
• The insulation is on top and secured to the sheathing using construction stapler. Sheets of film should be overlapped and taped.
• When laying layers, keep small distances between them.
• The top of the roofing “pie” is covered, for example, with sheets of plywood.