Which roof is easiest for a beginner to make himself? How to properly install the roof of a house? Calculation of the area of ​​a gable roof

A gable roof is rightfully considered one of the simplest roofing structures, and it also provides excellent protection from snowfalls. heavy rains and sharp gusts of wind. You can make such a gable roof yourself.

Building a gable roof doesn't require any special skills from you, but there are a few key points to consider. Recommendations for the materials used are given in the tables below.

So, what do you need to know in order to build reliable design gable roof yourself? Naturally, you need to start with a support on which the entire structure will rest.

Mauerlat

Mauerlat is a wooden beam, most often square in shape, securely fastened to a load-bearing wall. It is this that is the foundation of the roof and the rafters already rest on it.

Rafters

Rafters or rafter legs are inclined beams connecting the mauerlat to the ridge beam. A ridge beam is needed to connect both halves of the roof into a single structure using rafters.

For the ridge, it is recommended to choose timber made of durable wood, because it connects the structure into a single whole and affects its reliability. In order to reduce the water harmful influence rainfall on the walls of the house, the rafters are made longer with the help of additional sections, creating an overhang. This makes it possible to avoid problems such as severe wetting of the walls.

The slope angle of the gable roof is recommended to be 30 degrees. This slope simultaneously reduces the likelihood of snow accumulation on the roof and reliably protects against strong gusts of wind.

Sill

A roof is a roofing element made from timber. Its main task is to provide additional reliability to the roof ridge. It serves as a vertical support, so it is recommended to choose timber for it from durable wood species and a sufficiently large diameter.

Puffs

The puffs represent cross beam, which serves to strengthen the Mauerlat and prevent longitudinal loads from collapsing the entire roof structure along with the load-bearing walls.

Racks

The purpose of the racks is to prevent the rafters from sagging. They are additional vertically installed bars. The racks take on part of the load and reduce the risk of deformation of the structure in the future.

In order for the design gable roof was not subject to diagonal deformation; it is supplemented with beams running from the racks to the tie rods. Optimal angle the connection here will be 45 degrees.

Sheathing for a gable roof

The last stage in the construction of a gable roof is the sheathing. It is done simply: narrow longitudinal bars or slats are laid on top of the rafters. It is recommended to keep the distance between the slats small, which will reduce the risk of roof deformation under the influence of factors environment. In addition, the lathing will allow you to easily move on the roof during construction or repair work.

Fastening parts

Naturally, all roof parts need to be secured to each other.

In order to connect structural elements located diagonally to each other, the groove connection method should be used. Many builders also use this type of connection to fix parts located perpendicular to each other. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the groove connection makes the parts less durable, and it can be used without risk only in places that do not play an important role.

Another way of attaching parts to each other is by fixing them with metal plates and corners. Its disadvantage is that the screws tend to come out of the base under angular loads, thereby depriving the roof structure of reliability and stability.

You can see photos of do-it-yourself gable roofs below.

Video “How to make a gable roof with your own hands”

Roof installation is a complex multi-step process. To independently assemble and install a rafter system, you need to carefully study the methods of connecting elements, calculate the length of the rafters and the slope angle, and select the appropriate materials. If you don’t have the necessary experience, you shouldn’t take on complex designs. The best option for a residential building small sizes– do-it-yourself gable roof.

A standard roof of this type consists of the following elements:

Mauerlat is a timber laid on top of the walls along the perimeter of the building. It is secured using threaded steel rods embedded in the wall or anchor bolts. The timber must be made of coniferous wood and have square section 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm. The Mauerlat takes on the load from the rafters and transfers it to the external walls.

Rafter legs- these are long boards with a cross section of 50x150 mm or 100x150 mm. They are attached to each other at an angle and give the roof a triangular shape. The design of the two rafter legs called a farm. The number of trusses depends on the length of the house and the type of roofing. The minimum distance between them is 60 cm, the maximum is 120 cm. When calculating the pitch of the rafter legs, you should take into account not only the weight of the covering, but also the wind load, as well as the amount of snow in winter.

Is located in highest point roof and most often represents a longitudinal beam connecting both slopes. The beam is supported from below by vertical posts, and the ends of the rafters are attached to the sides. Sometimes the ridge consists of two boards that are nailed to the top of the rafters on both sides and connected at a certain angle.

Racks are vertical beams with a cross section of 100x100 mm, located inside each truss and used to transfer the load from the ridge run to the load-bearing walls inside the house.

The struts are made from scraps of timber and installed at an angle between the posts and rafters. The side edges of the truss are strengthened with braces and the load bearing capacity designs.

Tie - a beam connecting the lower parts of the rafters, the base of the truss triangle. Together with the struts, such a beam serves to strengthen the truss and increase its resistance to loads.

A log is a long beam with a cross section of 100x100 mm, laid along the central load-bearing wall, on which the vertical posts rest. Lezhen is used when installing layered rafters when the run between the outer walls is more than 10 m.

The sheathing consists of boards or timber placed on the rafters. The sheathing can be continuous or with gaps, depending on the type of roof. It is always attached perpendicular to the direction of the rafters, most often horizontally.

If there is no more than 10 m between the external walls and there is no load-bearing wall in the middle, arrange hanging rafter system. With such a system top ends adjacent rafters are sawed at an angle and connected to each other using nails, excluding the installation of racks and ridge beams. The lower ends of the rafter legs rest on the external walls. Due to the absence of racks, attic space can be used to furnish an attic. Very often, the function of tightening is performed by floor beams. To strengthen the structure, it is recommended to install the top tie at a distance of 50 cm from the ridge.

If there is a central supporting wall, the arrangement is more justified layered rafter system. A bench is laid on the wall, support posts are attached to it, and nailed to the posts ridge beam. This installation method is quite economical and easier to implement. If the ceilings are interior spaces are designed at different levels, racks are replaced brick wall, dividing the attic into two halves.

The roof installation process includes several stages: attaching the Mauerlat to the walls, assembling the trusses, installing the rafters on the floors, installing the ridge, and attaching the sheathing. All wooden elements Before assembly, they are thoroughly treated with any antiseptic composition and dried in air.

To work you will need:

• timber 100x10 mm and 150x150 mm;
• boards 50x150 mm;
• boards 30 mm thick for lathing;
• roofing felt;
• metal studs;
• jigsaw and hacksaw;
• hammer;
• nails and screws;
• square and building level.

IN wooden houses The functions of the mauerlat are performed by the logs of the last row, which significantly simplifies the work process. To install the rafters, just cut inside log grooves of the appropriate size.

IN brick houses or buildings made of blocks, installation of the Mauerlat occurs as follows:

The Mauerlat bars must form a regular rectangle and be in one horizontal plane. This will facilitate further installation of the roof and provide the structure with the necessary stability. Finally, markings are made on the beams for the rafters and grooves are cut along the thickness of the beam.

When choosing a hanging rafter system, it is necessary to assemble the trusses on the ground and then install them above the floors. First you need to draw up a drawing and calculate the length of the rafter legs and the angle of their connection. Typically, the roof slope is 35-40 degrees, but in open, heavily blown areas it is reduced to 15-20 degrees. To find out at what angle to connect the rafters, you should multiply the angle of the roof by 2.

Knowing the length of the run between external walls and the angle of connection of the rafters, you can calculate the length of the rafter legs. Most often it is 4-6 m, taking into account eaves overhang 50-60 cm wide.

The upper ends of the rafters can be fastened in several ways: overlapping, end-to-end and “into the paw”, that is, with grooves cut out. Metal plates or bolts are used for fixation. Next, the lower and upper ties are installed, and then the finished trusses are lifted up and installed above the floors.

The outer trusses are attached first: using a plumb line, the rafters are aligned vertically, the length of the overhang is adjusted and attached to the mauerlat with bolts or steel plates. To prevent the truss from moving during installation, it is reinforced with temporary beams made of timber. After installing the outer rafters, the rest are set, keeping the same distance between them. When all the trusses are secured, take a board with a cross section of 50x150 mm, the length of which is 20-30 cm longer cornice, and nail it along the upper edge of the slope. The same is done on the other side of the roof.

The first option: a rectangular groove is cut out on the rafter leg at the point where it contacts the mauerlat, 1/3 of the width of the beam. Stepping back 15 cm from the top of the box, a steel spike is driven into the wall. The rafter is leveled, the grooves are aligned, then a wire clamp is placed on top and the beam is pulled close to the wall. The ends of the wire are securely fastened to the crutch. The lower edges of the rafters are carefully cut off circular saw, leaving an overhang of 50 cm.

Second option: the upper rows of walls are laid out with a stepped cornice of bricks, and the mauerlat is placed flush with inner surface walls and cut a groove in it for the rafter. The edge of the rafter leg is cut to the level of the upper corner of the cornice. This method is simpler than others, but the overhang is too narrow.

Third option: beams ceilings are released over the edge outer wall by 40-50 cm, and roof trusses installed on beams. The ends of the rafter legs are cut at an angle and rest against the beams, fixing metal plates and bolts. This method allows you to slightly increase the width of the attic space.

Installation of layered rafters

Figure 1 shows the cutting of rafter struts into a beam laid on intermediate supports, and Fig. 2 - resting the rafter leg on the mauerlat

The procedure for installing a layered rafter system:

When the main elements are fixed, the surface of the rafters is treated with fire retardants. Now you can start making the sheathing.

For the sheathing, timber 50x50 mm is suitable, as well as boards 3-4 cm thick and 12 cm wide. Waterproofing material is usually laid under the sheathing to protect the rafter system from getting wet. The waterproofing film is laid horizontal stripes from the eaves to the ridge of the roof. The material is spread with an overlap of 10-15 cm, after which the joints are secured with tape. The lower edges of the film should completely cover the ends of the rafters.

It is necessary to leave between the boards and the film ventilation gap, so first they stuff it onto the film wooden slats 3-4 cm thick, placing them along the rafters.

The next stage is covering the rafter system with boards; they are stuffed perpendicular to the slats, starting from the roof eaves. The pitch of the sheathing is influenced not only by the type of roofing, but also by the angle of inclination of the slopes: what larger angle, the greater the distance between the boards.

After completing the installation of the sheathing, they begin cladding the gables and overhangs. You can cover the gables with boards, plastic panels, clapboard, waterproof plywood or corrugated sheeting - it all depends on financial capabilities and personal preferences. The sheathing is attached to the side of the rafters; nails or screws are used as fasteners. Overhangs are also hemmed various materials– from wood to siding.

Video - DIY gable roof

Every master who started independent construction, understands that building a roof with your own hands step by step is a difficult task, but still doable. In the material below we will try to understand all the intricacies of the work and understand what it looks like phased construction gable type roofs.

Important: so that the assembly of the roof of a private house is as accurate as possible, and all the material is purchased for it with a small margin, it is better to involve professionals in designing the roof. At the design stages they will calculate the slope angle of the roof slopes and the amount required building material for it, including steam and thermal insulation, as well as roofing material and will be given to you finished project roofs.

To understand what a roof in a private house will look like with your own hands, you need to understand what types of roofs exist. Based on this, choose the type of construction.

Important: however, when designing a roof, you should always take into account the wind and sediment (rain, snow) load on the ceiling, as well as the weight of the roofing material.

So, today most often they install such roofs of a private house with their own hands:

• Single-pitch. A roof that slopes to one side. This is the simplest roofing option, but it is not the most reliable for a private home, since such a structure is subject to a high load when discharging precipitation. Basically, such a roof is mounted on auxiliary premises(verandas, outbuildings, sheds, etc.).
• Gable roof. Very simple and at the same time reliable option covering the roof of the house. Two slopes evenly distribute the load on the rafter system when removing water and snow.
• Hip (hipped roof). It is a little more difficult to perform, but at the same time it is an equally convenient option for covering. In most cases, a hip roof has four sides, two of which are shaped like a trapezoid and two are shaped like a triangle.
• Broken roof. As a rule, this is a gable roof with creases on both sides. Such a ceiling is convenient in that an additional attic living space can be arranged underneath it, thereby increasing usable area at home, especially if it has one floor.
• Multi-gable roof. The most complex design option. It is used above a large box of a private house with a complex configuration.

Important: it is worth remembering that step by step construction roofing for a house will be more difficult, the more complex the configuration of the room. This is due to the fact that a complex design requires complex rafter system.

Materials for work

Independent construction of the roof of a private house requires preparation the right tools and materials. In particular you will need:

• Beam with a section of 100x100, 100x150, 150x150, 150x200 or 200x200 mm for the mauerlat. The cross-section of the beam depends entirely on the width of the masonry of the house and on the roof structure. In our case, when installing a standard gable roof, a beam of 100x150 mm will be sufficient.
• Boards with a section of 150x50 mm for rafters and crossbars. The cross-section of the boards may be smaller if the load on the roof is low (depending on the roofing material). The calculation of the number of boards for rafters is done in such a way that rafters can be installed on one side of the roof with a pitch of 80-120 cm. That is, if the length of the wall of the house is 4 meters, then it will require 5 rafter boards with a pitch of 80 cm.

Video: how to make a roof correctly ( step-by-step instruction on building a roof with your own hands).

Important: the installation step of the rafter legs depends on the weight of the future roofing material. The heavier it is, the smaller the rafter pitch should be.

• Beam with a section of 100x150 mm for racks in the roof frame.
• Hydro- and vapor barrier for roofing pie.
• Boards and beams for sheathing.
• A jigsaw or grinder with discs for wood.
• Brackets, angles, studs and screws/bolts.

Important: below for a complete understanding of the work process is a detailed video.

Work technique

Mauerlat device

Photo 1:

To mount the roof of a private house strong and reliable, you need to take care of attaching the mauerlat - the wooden frame of the house, which serves as a transitional boundary from the stone to the wooden part of the building. Secure it in two ways:

• Fill the reinforcing belt around the perimeter of the building and fix the construction studs in it. The pitch of the studs should be from one to one and a half meters.
• Having embedded the mounting studs in last rows house masonry.

Important: the height of the studs above the wall must be equal to the height of the timber being laid plus 3 cm. This calculation is necessary in order to securely fix the mauerlat with nuts and bolts.

Cutting and installing rafters

Photo 2:

The rafter system for the roof is the most difficult part of the work. It is important not only to install the rafter legs, but also to cut them correctly. In case of the slightest misalignment, the entire roof frame will “walk”, which is not good for the roof. So, it will be easier and faster to build a roof with your own hands if you cut out a rafter pattern from one beam in advance and then form all the rest using it.

To create a pattern, you need to make an internal cut at the bottom of the rafter board at a right angle. This is where it will rest against the Mauerlat. The cutout is not made from the very edge of the board, but at a distance of 50 cm from it. These will be roof overhangs that protect the walls of the house from rain. The cut can be made using a block template or simply by drawing a right angle on the board.

Now you need to cut top edge boards in such a way that the rafter system of two parallel legs can be joined by cut edges without voids or gaps. To do this, you need to lift the board up, rest it on the mauerlat and raise it to the desired slope angle. A vertical line must be drawn in the center of the floor to the rafters. This will be the cutting line of the board. That is, in the upper part of the rafter leg we will get an oblique cut.

Photo 3:

We assemble all the rafter legs cut out according to the pattern on the ground, securely connecting them at the top (ridge) with brackets, ties and bolts.

Important: if the length of the rafters exceeds 3 meters, then it is advisable to additionally strengthen the system with crossbars - transverse crossbars that are attached horizontally in relation to the rafter triangle. The location of the crossbar should be in the first third of the upper part of the triangle.

Installation of the rafter system begins with the two outer gables. They are installed, a control cord is pulled between them and the entire roof skeleton is leveled along it. All rafters are fixed to the mauerlat with special corners and brackets.

Photo 4:

Important: the frame can be further strengthened with special racks that support the crossbars. And the racks, in turn, it is advisable to install on beds (special wide boards according to the type of ski that will remove the point load of the racks on the floor).

Sheathing device

Continuing the topic “how to build a roof,” it is worth noting that the next stage will be the installation of sheathing and construction roofing cake. As soon as the rafter system is ready, it is necessary to lay the sheathing, which will become the basis for all other materials of the pie - vapor and waterproofing, as well as for insulation and roofing material.

Photo 5:

The roof sheathing can be mounted from unedged boards section 100x50 mm. In this case, the spacing of the boards completely depends on the final roofing material. The heavier it is, the smaller the spacing of the sheathing should be. In general, the pitch of the sheathing is approximately 30 cm.

Important: it is advisable to first lay a layer of vapor barrier under the sheathing. It will protect the insulation from fumes penetrating from the premises of the house. Sheathing boards are already laid on top of the vapor barrier.

Now, timber is laid perpendicular to the sheathing wood in increments equal to the width of the slabs or rolls insulation material. Insulation is laid between them, securely driving it into the existing grooves.

Photo 6:

Cover everything on top with a layer waterproofing material and fix it with another perpendicular lathing (in in this case horizontal). And the final roofing material is already installed on it.

Photo 7:

At the very end of the roof installation cottage It is also necessary to install a drain. It is made from plastic pipes cut lengthwise, or ready-made drainage elements are purchased in advance. Now all that remains is to sew up the roof gables with the selected material. It can be either wood or stone.

The final stage in the construction of any building is the construction of the roof. This design is an important part of the structure, which must reliably protect it from the penetration of precipitation, wind and cold. Installation methods individual elements roofs primarily depend on the type of construction chosen for the house.

One of the most common design options is a gable sloping mansard roof. Source hi.decorexpro.com

Different types of roofs differ in their design features and shapes. When arranging a roof, pitched roofing options (single-pitched, multi-pitched) are usually used.

The easiest to install are single-pitch ones, they are characterized by low labor intensity and high speed installation, due to the too low roof space it is not possible to equip a full-fledged attic (attic). Such a roof is installed on a building, which has two walls different heights. A pitched roof is rarely installed on residential buildings (usually in climatic zones where strong winds prevail). Most often they are installed in garages and all kinds of outbuildings.

According to the design features, multi-pitched roofs are among the most complex types of roofs. They consist of large number structural elements. The installation of the rafter system of such roofs should be carried out especially carefully. Pitched roofs(according to their design features) are divided into:

• attics, when a room is built under the roof where the owner can store various things or convert it into a living room;
• without an attic, when the load-bearing components of the roof perform the functions of covering the upper floor.

With this design, there is no usable space left under the roof. Source blog-potolok.ru

Before building the roof of a house, you need to choose a certain type of multi-slope structure:

• gable are the most common type, such a roof consists of two surfaces connected at the top, the edges form two pediments, the slopes can be of different lengths, then the pediments are transformed into triangles irregular shape, such roofs can be covered with any roofing material, they are reliable, durable and easy to install;
• hipped formed by four triangles (often different shapes), connected by vertices at a common point;
• hip, in which two slopes are trapezoidal in shape, and the other two are triangular, they have good resistance to wind loads, so they are often located in the south;
• half-hip, this subtype is formed in such a way that the lengths of the side planes are shorter than the lengths of the main ones; usually such structures are built in regions with difficult climatic conditions;
• broken lines are a type of gable, formed from four planes connecting at an obtuse angle;

The main types of rafter system design Source zen.yandex.ru

• multi-tongs different enough complex design, such roofs are installed on luxury houses that have an interesting geometric configuration;
• attic they are installed when the attic is planned to be converted into a living space; this type has a broken profile and is quite difficult to install; it is often a type of multi-gable, gable roof;
• tent form four triangular slopes, the tops of which are connected together.

Online roofing calculator

To find out approximate cost roofs various types, use the following calculator:

Roofing material

Before roofing your house, you should decide on the type of roofing material. The load acting on the frame depends on its weight. This affects what kind of rafter system will be erected. Special considerations should be given to the fastening of individual roof elements. It is necessary to take into account the use of additional structures, the use of which strengthens the rafter system.

Pitched roofs are usually covered with:

• sheet materials (corrugated sheeting, metal tiles, copper, steel, aluminum seam roofing), bitumen-containing (ondulin);
• piece materials (classic tiles, slate, bitumen shingles).

Modern “soft” roofing Source krovlyakryshi.ru

Has the greatest weight ceramic tiles. If this type of roofing is chosen, then the rafter system must be designed taking into account such a significant load.

To arrange the rafter system, you should purchase wood coniferous species(humidity 20%, without knots, blue stains or other defects). Before starting roof installation, you also need to purchase the following materials:

• roof covering;
• vapor barrier;
• waterproofing film;
• insulation;
• iron staples;
• self-tapping screws, screws, nails.

The calculation of the required material must be made according to the roof drawing, on which the connecting nodes of the rafter system, as well as reinforcing elements, should be placed.

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer roof design and repair services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Basic roof elements

• Mauerlat;
• rafter system;
• roofing pie.

To install the Mauerlat, a wooden beam (square or rectangular section). It serves as the basis of the entire structure and is where the roof is attached to the building. Mauerlat allows you to evenly distribute the load on the walls of the building.

The Mauerlat “collects” the load from the rafters and distributes it over the wall surface Source notperfect.ru

The cross-section of the timber is calculated based on the complexity of the roof and the weight of the frame. When installing the Mauerlat along the entire perimeter of the building, its elements are connected to each other according to the cutting principle. Additional reliability is provided by nails or bolted connections.

The rafter system is installed on the Mauerlat and serves as the basis for laying the roofing pie. The angle of the roof slope must be taken into account. A roof with a large slope is quickly freed from water and snow. Therefore, for the construction of roofs with a slope of 50º, rafters of a smaller cross-section are used than for flatter roofs. This information must be reflected in the design documentation.

If the roof is erected on a building of small width, then A-shaped structures are installed ( ridge run not needed). Horizontal jumper(crossbar) provides the required rigidity and also reduces the load on the thrust. The upper fastening of the rafter legs is reinforced with a wooden or metal plate.

The bottom of the rafters can rest against the mauerlat with a cut end (a design without an overhang). If the project provides for an overhang, then a recess is made at the bottom of the rafters. Top part The cutout rests on the Mauerlat.

The design of rafters without an overhang is used very rarely Source strindustry.ru

When settling in mansard roofs Layered rafter systems are usually installed, in which the rafter legs are equipped with an additional support point. For this purpose, support posts are used, which are connected by purlins. Additional structural rigidity is provided by struts and other elements.

After installing the rafter system, the roofing pie is installed. First, waterproofing is installed, for which a special membrane is used. It must be fixed to the rafters. In order not to impair roof ventilation, you should avoid overlapping the membrane over the ridge. On top of the waterproofing, bars (counter-lattice) are attached to the rafters. This ensures the required air gap.

The lathing is attached to the counter-lattice. Depending on the type of roofing, it is made from:

• boards;
• blocks;
• slab materials (when continuous sheathing is required).

The roof covering is attached to the sheathing. It takes on the entire load and redirects it to the structure of the rafter system.

If the roof is not “broken”, then the attic will not occupy the entire usable area of ​​the attic Source lilyass.com

Roof construction procedure

The construction process includes the following stages:

• laying the Mauerlat;
• arrangement of the rafter system;
• construction of a roofing pie.

Before constructing the roof, you should order a design for the roof of the house. After completing the construction of the walls of the building, waterproofing (roofing felt, roofing felt) should be laid on top of them (under the Mauerlat). When arranging a gable (single-pitched) roof, it is laid on two walls on which the rafter legs rest. When a hipped roof is being built, the Mauerlat is installed along the entire perimeter of the building. Waterproofing is also installed on all walls.

After this, the floor beams should be installed. The ends of the beams should protrude to the planned width of the cornice (usually within 0.4-0.5 m). First, the outer beams are laid, then the remaining ones are placed (the pitch depends on the pitch of the rafters, usually 0.6 m). The beams are secured to the mauerlat with nails or self-tapping screws. Boards are laid on top (not secured).

The “skeleton” of the roof in a frame house has been assembled Source izoluks.ru

Further construction works include the installation of racks, for which a 50x150 board is used. They are fixed using spacers, and their height depends on the design of the particular roof. First, the outer racks are installed, after which the rest are installed. The ridge beam is attached to them with self-tapping screws.

The pediment frame is built and covered with inch boards. Then the entire cornice is installed. The ends of the ceiling are covered with a front board, and 2 belts of boards are attached below. Gutter holders should be installed.

Attached to the rafters waterproofing membrane. A counter-lattice is installed on top, and then the sheathing is installed. Roofing material is laid on it.

The roof is insulated from the inside using modern heat insulators. Most often used for this mineral wool. More expensive ones (sheet, sprayed polymer insulation) are used less frequently.

Insulation of the roof of a house with an attic Source euroace.org

The heat insulator is closed with a vapor barrier (special membrane). The material protects the insulation and all wooden structure from exposure to moisture.

Video description

The entire process of installing the roof and roofing is clearly and step-by-step in the following video:

Possible mistakes

Before you build a roof on a house, you should consider the following nuances:

• it is important to correctly determine the dimensions of the floor spans; if the building has a sufficiently large width, then it is necessary to choose a rafter leg of the maximum cross-section;
• to prevent sagging of construction legs when using rafters of small cross-section, the truss must be equipped with additional support posts and other elements;
• when calculating the roof should be taken into account wind loads, for this, the rafter legs must be secured with brackets;
• The density of the sheathing (sparse, solid) depends on the type of roofing.

Variety of roofs

A layman can easily confuse hip roof with four slopes Source bazaznaniyst.ru

A complicated version of a gable roof Source yandex.ru

Sloping roof for a house with an attic Source biznes-stroi.ru

Conical roof on a rounded part of the house Source stroi-remontirui.ru

A combination of old and new - a gable roof on a house in Art Nouveau style Source fasad-master.com.ua

The complex multi-tiered roof looks very impressive Source mirstrojka.ru

Video description

A few more beautiful and practical types roofs in the following video:

Conclusion

A well-made roof is a guarantee of a warm and dry home. Therefore, it is important to strictly follow all stages of the technology for constructing the rafter system and laying the roofing pie. To avoid the need to redo the entire structure over time, entrust the construction to professionals.

The roof is one of essential elements any building. The safety, reliability and comfort of using a home directly depends on the quality of the roof. If desired, you can arrange the roof of the house with your own hands. Before starting the main work, study the features existing varieties roofing systems and choose the most suitable option systems for your case.

The easiest option to implement is a pitched roof. As a rule, it is not used for residential premises. More often pitched roofs are installed on various outbuildings, outbuildings, bathhouses, etc.

The most popular option is a gable roof. It is also extremely simple to set up. Ideal for installation in small houses.

A little more difficult to construct, but also very popular and convenient is hip roof. May have various modifications. In general, this roof consists of four slopes and is optimally suited for almost any home.

No less interesting option is half hip roof. This design is a kind of symbiosis hipped roof and a gable roof. Ideal for big houses and country cottages.

Another option hipped design is hip roof.

For lovers of original and interesting solutions I would recommend paying attention to broken roofs. However, it is not recommended for beginners to undertake their execution. Although broken structures look interesting, they can hardly be called too simple to construct. Broken roof is perfect solution for houses with an equipped attic floor.

More difficult option with many different modifications is pitched multi-gable roof. Its construction requires the contractor to have relevant experience or qualified assistance from specialized builders.

Thus, each owner can independently choose the roof that best suits his requirements. However, novice craftsmen are recommended to focus on gable and hipped structures.

What to build a roof from?

Not only depends on the roofing appearance roofs, but also the order of arrangement of the rafter system. The heavier the finishing material, the stronger the rafters should be.

The heaviest weight among the roofing materials used is natural ceramic tiles.

The rafters are made from wooden beam. Also, to arrange the frame you will need wooden boards and slats. Do not forget about heat and moisture insulation materials, as well as fasteners in the form of nails and screws.

Calculate the consumption of materials in advance. Calculations are individual in each case. Consider the area and design features of your roof.

Sequence of roof installation work

The roofing work is carried out in several stages. Perform each of them in sequence and you will get a reliable and durable roof.

First stage. This element is durable and thick timber, fixed around the perimeter top faces walls of the house. The Mauerlat functions as a support for the future rafter system and the roof as a whole.

Secure the timber with anchor bolts. It is recommended to install anchors at the stage of pouring the reinforcing belt. In such a situation, it will be enough to simply lay the anchors in the solution so that their ends protrude from concrete structure. As a result, all that remains is to place the beam on the protruding ends of the anchors, having previously drilled suitable mounting holes in the wood.

At the stage of attaching the Mauerlat you will need a sledgehammer. With its help, you can fit the timber as tightly as possible.

Second phase. Rafters are made of boards or thick timber. Don't skimp on raw materials. It is the rafters that will bear the greatest load, so this part of the roofing system must be as reliable as possible.

To fasten the rafters, use spacers, ties, crossbars and various kinds jumpers. Install one end of the rafter leg on the mauerlat, and connect the other at the top with the rafter leg installed opposite. The pitch between the rafters is selected individually, taking into account the size of the roof and the weight of the selected finishing coating.The higher the load on the rafters, the smaller the pitch they need to be installed.

At the junction at the top, the rafters form an element called a ridge. Special reinforcing jumpers, also known as crossbars, are installed between the beams. In general, the rafter system has the form of many triangles connected by jumpers. It is best to assemble such triangles at the bottom, and then simply lift them and secure them on the roof in finished form.

Start installation with the 2 outer triangles. Install them and fasten them together with a ridge beam, and then install the remaining rafter triangles, finally securing all the elements with nails and screws of suitable size. To strengthen the system, install jumpers and additional ties.

Third stage. Thanks to these slats, the necessary ventilation gap will be created between the thermal insulation and the finishing coating.

Fourth stage. Nail the sheathing strips to the counter battens. Fix the sheathing elements across the rafter legs. At this point the base of the roof is ready. Proceed to installation of protective materials.

Additional measures for roof arrangement

Before laying the finishing material roof structure must be vapor barrier, insulated and protected from moisture. Vapor barrier is carried out using special membranes. Buy suitable material V hardware store and secure it to the frame elements using construction stapler and metal staples.

Also, the film can be fixed after the insulation has been laid. At this point, guide yourself in whatever way is most convenient for you. Vapor barrier film attached from the attic side.

Mineral wool is traditionally used for insulation. This is a high-quality and easy-to-install material that can simply be laid between the rafters and additionally secured. Foam plastic and many other more modern and expensive materials are also suitable for insulation.

Traditionally, a 10-centimeter layer of insulation is laid. In regions with very cold climates, the thickness of the insulation can be increased.

The insulation is covered on top waterproofing material. It is best to use a special vapor-permeable diffusion film. It will release steam from the house, but will not allow outside moisture to penetrate inside. It is recommended to lay the waterproofing film with a 10-centimeter overlap. Glue the joints with metallized adhesive tape. Attach the film itself to the roof frame using dowels or a construction stapler.

Tyvek Soft - vapor permeable waterproofing membrane

Laying the finishing coating

When choosing a roofing covering, be guided by your preferences and available budget. The most inexpensive, popular and easiest to use material is slate. However, its use is often abandoned due to its not very attractive appearance. Therefore, slate is usually used to cover utility and other buildings, and the house is covered with a more respectable and attractive material.

Natural ceramic tiles are a noble and beautiful roofing material in all respects. If you plan to opt for natural tiles, take into account the rather large weight of this material. Please pay attention Special attention quality and reliability of the rafter system.

The tiles are characterized by a long service life and have high performance characteristics and beautiful appearance, but is quite expensive. It is precisely because of the high cost that many owners refuse to use metal tiles. However, if desired, instead natural material you can use its analogue - metal tiles.

Galvanized steel sheets with special polymer coating practically in no way inferior natural tiles, but they are much lighter in weight and more affordable. A large assortment of metal tiles with a wide variety of coatings is available for sale, which allows you to choose perfect material specifically for your roof.

Metal tiles will allow you to significantly save time on roof installation. This sheet material is laid simply and quickly, and the finished coating has a beautiful appearance, imitating the surface of individual tiles.

Each roofing material is laid in accordance with individual technology. For example, sheets and individual fragments are superimposed on one another or tucked under each other. Before starting work, be sure to understand how the installation of your particular material is carried out.

The main thing is not to skimp on materials. High-quality roofing is a guarantee long term home services and the safety of its residents. In the future, if you wish, you can save on additional accessories, for example, on a drain. However roofing materials must be of exceptionally high quality.

After completing the installation of the finishing coating, it is necessary to install a drain. Without this element, the walls of the house will constantly be flooded with water, which will not have the best effect on their condition. plastic pipes, pre-sawn in two along the longitudinal side.

Thus, in self-installation There is nothing complicated about the roof of a house. Follow the instructions, remember the recommendations received, and you will make a roof that is in no way inferior to a professionally assembled structure.

Video - Do-it-yourself roof installation