Types of roll roofing coverings for roofs. The evolution of roofing roll materials. Bitumen flexible coatings

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Soft roofing in rolls is the most common type of economy-class roofing. Such materials are used where it is impractical or physically impossible to use other roofs. Often, soft roll roofing is used for flat roofs Oh.

Installation of such a roof involves the sequential laying of several layers of waterproofing carpet, which are glued together. Most often such roofs are found on reinforced concrete buildings industrial and civil purposes. Roll roofing is much less commonly used for wooden pitched roofs.

Types of roll materials

Soft roll roofing, which is now available on the market, is divided into three categories:

GOST soft roof

According to the standards, rolls are produced with a width of 1 m and a length of 7 to 20 m. The exact length of the sheet depends on the density of the material and the size of the roof. Typically rolls have a thickness of 1 to 6 mm. Colors soft roof At the same time, they have a fairly narrow range.

Roll roofing is installed only if it is possible to meet and fulfill all the conditions for creating a reliable and durable coating. These conditions include the angle of the roof, which should not exceed 10-30 degrees.

Also, according to GOST, roll roofing is classified according to the following signs:

• according to the structure of the panel: into baseless and basic;
• by type of base: cardboard, asbestos, polymer, fiberglass or a combination base;
• by type of coating layer components: bitumen, polymer, bitumen-polymer;
• by type of protective layer: materials with foil, with sprinkles, with film.

Materials such as roofing felt, rubemast and the like belong to the first generation of roll roofing materials. Such a soft roof has only black colors. Despite the fact that they have been used in construction for a long time and even today these materials are used quite often, they still do not meet the high requirements of the SNiP soft roofing category.

Soft flat roofing - device technology

Before laying any type of roof, it is important to carry out certain preparatory work:

• arrange the foundation;
• lay waterproofing;
• prepare mastics and primers.

Work begins with those areas that are located at the greatest distance from the place where the material is lifted onto the roof.

The number of layers depends on the angle of the roof slope:

• with a slope of 0 to 5%, 4 layers of material are laid;
• with a slope of 5-15% - 3 layers;
• with a slope of more than 15% - 2 layers.

After these preparatory procedures, go to installation work. To glue rolled materials to the base plane, cold or hot mastics are often used (read also: " "). You can prepare them yourself or purchase them. ready-made mixtures in the shop.

It is worth remembering that cold mastic should be heated to a temperature of 160 degrees before the roof installation process itself.

Hot mastic is heated to 220 degrees, after which various mineral fillers are added to it:

• Thrill.
• Diatomite
• Talc.

Before installation, the roofing material itself is laid on the base and rolled out over the entire surface.

Pasting process

To glue the sheets together, it is necessary to use mastics that are designed for a specific roll roofing material. If used bitumen roofing, then it is glued with bitumen mastics, tar roofing is glued with tar compounds.

The roll roofing installation technology itself must take into account the following factors:

• roof slope;
• drainage direction;
• direction of the prevailing wind;
• average air temperatures.

With a slope of up to 15% roll materials glued from bottom to top; if the slope is more than 15%, then the rolls are rolled out in the direction of water flow from top to bottom.

Lay individual strips of material end to end. In this case, when laying subsequent layers, it is necessary that the joint of the previous layer be covered with a new layer. With a slope of less than 5%, the joint must overlap by at least 10 cm.

During the installation process, not one soft roofer takes part, but two:

• stacker;
• brusher;

Installation of roll roofing includes checking the quality of sizing of materials. To do this, carefully tear off one layer from the other. A small tear is acceptable. If the material sheet has deviated to the side, it must be moved to the right side without tearing it away from the previous layer. If the layer has already stuck and it is impossible to move it, then the already glued part is cut off and re-glued. At the same time, monitor the size of the required overlap.

If swelling occurs over the area of ​​the material, they must be pierced with an awl or trimmed with a knife. After this, this place is pressed to the base until mastic flows through the hole. This will seal the surface after it hardens. The canvases are laid in layers, and if cold mastics are used in the work, then at least 12 hours must pass between laying layers.

Soft roofing: technology, design and purpose."

Rolled roofing materials are constantly improving. Previously, they were used only on flat roofs, but now, with the development of production of new brands, they are also used on pitched structures. Let's see what manufacturers offer and how a soft roof with roll covering is installed.

Characteristics of roll roofing

Roll roofing is usually classified as budget; it is in demand when constructing flat and pitched roofs on industrial and utility buildings.

Roll roofing materials are actively used in the construction of industrial buildings, warehouses and outbuildings

The popularity of roll coverings is explained by their undeniable advantages:

• low cost;
• ease of installation;
• high speed styling;
• no noise during rain or wind;
• high thermal resistance- materials heat up less in the sun and cool down in winter than metal and ceramic coatings.

These materials also have disadvantages:

• inexpressive appearance;
• flammability;
• low strength;
• short service life.

But a generalized characteristic does not reflect the true state of affairs, since due to the constant development of technology among roll materials, a noticeable stratification has emerged in both price and quality. Therefore, each variety should be considered separately.

Types of roll materials

Rolled roofing coverings are divided into several types.

Bitumen and tar materials

This variety has the lowest cost. Outdated manufacturing technology is used: cardboard is impregnated with bitumen or tar. Covering materials intended for laying at the very top are coated with an armoring powder of stone chips to protect against mechanical damage and ultraviolet radiation.

This group includes:

• roofing felt - refractory bitumen is used;
• glassine - low-melting bitumen (used for internal hydro- and vapor barrier or in inner layers roofing pie);
• roofing felt - has a base made of tar.

The advantages of such materials are as follows:

• relatively light weight;
• resistance to chemically active substances;
• low price.

However, they have many disadvantages:

• low speed and the complexity of installation - it requires the preparation and application of hot mastic to the surface on which the coating is glued;
• low frost resistance - there are pores where water enters and then, freezing, destroys the material;
• instability to ultraviolet radiation (bitumen and mastics become brittle) and temperature changes (cracks appear);
• loss of ductility at low temperatures - installation can be carried out at temperatures not lower than +20 o C;
• fragility of the cardboard base - the material is fragile and rots over time.

Because of these features, the service life of bitumen roll coatings is 5–7 years.

Things are a little better with new varieties of bitumen-based materials, which use aluminum or copper foil as an armor layer. This technology is used to produce:

Bitumen-polymer materials

In common parlance, bitumen-polymer coatings are called euroroofing felt. They differ from ordinary roofing felt the following features:

• polymers are added to bitumen (up to 12%);
• the basis is non-rotting durable material- polyester, fiberglass or fiberglass.

As a result of innovations, materials received a number of additional advantages.

1. Increased ductility - coatings are less prone to cracking. Not only the binder (polymer-bitumen mixture) is plastic, but also the base: fiberglass stretches by 2–6%, polyester by 30–50%.
2. High frost resistance (up to -50 o C).
3. Increased heat resistance (up to +120 o C).
4. Possibility of installation in the cold season: the materials remain plastic even in frosty conditions.
5. Simplicity and high speed of installation. There is no need to use mastic - the materials are fixed by fusing: the lower surface is heated with a gas burner until softened, after which the panel is glued to the base.
6. Extended service life - 15–20 years.

Inexpensive brands of euroroofing felt have a smaller range of operating temperatures - from -25 to +90 o C.

In terms of cost, euroroofing felt is superior to regular roofing felt, but due to its long service life, the cost of installing and maintaining the roof in the long term is half as much. Rolled materials with polymer-bitumen binder are produced under many names: bikrost, steklobit, rubemast, linokrom, atakton, bikroplast, steklomast, luberite and many others.

Polymer additives are used in different ways, but most often they are:

• atactic polypropylene (APP) - synthesized as a by-product during the production of polypropylene;
• styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber (SBS).

The effect of polymers on bitumen varies. Thus, with the addition of APP, the material becomes resistant to ultraviolet radiation, and the maximum temperature at which plasticity is maintained is -15 o C. Bitumen with the addition of SBS remains plastic even at -25 o C, but under the influence of ultraviolet radiation it becomes brittle and therefore needs a protective powder from mineral crumbs.

Most manufacturers usually use symbols in the form of several letters in their markings.

1. The first is the base material:
   • E - polyester;
   • T - fiberglass;
   • X - fiberglass.
2. The second is the type of top covering:
   • P - polymer film;
   • TO - coarse stone chips;
   • M - fine-grained sand.
3. Third - bottom cover:
   • P - polymer film;
   • M - fine-grained sand.
4. Additional:
   • F - the design contains foil;
   • C - suspension (dust coating) is applied.

There are bitumen-polymer materials without a base. That's what they call them - baseless. The modifiers in them are rubber from old tires and other used products.

Both bitumen roofing felt and polymer-bitumen euroroofing felt are produced in rolls 1 m wide and 10–20 m long. Information about the composition of the material is displayed in markings consisting of three letters and a number indicating the density of the base (weight 1 m2).

The following disadvantages are common to these materials.

1. The maximum slope angle is 25 o. In hot weather, the binder softens greatly and when large slopes slips. Because of this danger, in practice the use of bitumen and bitumen-polymer materials is avoided on slopes exceeding 15%.
2. The need to lay the material in 3–5 layers.
3. In the vast majority of cases, it is necessary to use mineral powder to protect against ultraviolet radiation.

Considering the need for multi-layer installation, some manufacturers are trying to produce special panels, for example, from three polymer-bitumen layers alternating with two bases.

Video: how to choose the right euroroofing material and not overpay

Membranes made of synthetic rubber and petroleum polymer resins

Membranes are a new generation of rolled materials; they do not contain bitumen. They are made from EPDM (a type of rubber), ethylene propylene diene synthetic rubber (EPDM) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Materials of this type have a number of positive qualities:

• the slope angle is not limited;
• The roll width reaches 15 m, so the coating contains a minimum number of seams;
• resistance to oxidation, including ozone;
• UV resistance;
• high frost resistance - up to -60 o C;
• strength;
• elasticity;
• possibility of laying in one layer;
• service life more than 25 years.

Membrane roofing is the most expensive type of rolled materials, but due to its long service life in the long term, installation and maintenance of the roof costs 4 times less in comparison with traditional roofing felt and half as much as bitumen-polymer materials.

Leading manufacturers of rolled materials

The number of manufacturers of rolled waterproofing materials in Russia amounts to several dozen. The most famous are several brands.

"TechnoNIKOL"

A large Russian concern with many foreign representative offices. He began production activities in 1993, having one plant in Vyborg. To date, the TechnoNIKOL company owns 38 factories. It has its own research and development center (since 2004), allowing the company to independently create new, more advanced materials and technologies.

Commercial network TechnoNIKOL company covers 37 countries. It is the largest manufacturer and supplier of hydro- and thermal insulation materials in Europe.

There are several positions in the line of rolled bitumen-polymer surfacing materials for various purposes and for various conditions operation, for example:

Overheating is dangerous for welded materials. With TechnoNIKOL products this is impossible: once the optimum temperature is reached, a pattern appears on the surface.

Roofing material "TechnoNIKOL" - High-quality roofing covering. ADVANTAGES: High quality, reliable, fast, long service life. DISADVANTAGES: Expensive. Good evening, site users. For a long time now, the roof in the garage required repairs, because after thirty years the old roofing felt had completely worn out. For a long time I couldn’t decide what to cover the roof with, who recommended slate, but the problem is that with a small slope it very quickly becomes unusable (during thaws and then sharp frosts, the water in the waves freezes and expands, which leads to microcracks and cracks in the slate) , who advised covering the old fashioned way with roofing felt, but the question arose about preparing the resin, which, in turn, is not cheap and can only be purchased from 500 kg, and it must be heated either with wood (otherwise a fine if used with a tire), or gas, for which you also have to pay. And then one day someone left a business card right at the roofing gate, called and made an appointment. The guys offered three types of roofing and I chose Uniflex. This is a high-quality rubberized coating that is spread over prepared concrete (it is processed liquid bitumen) with help gas burner. I must say that the pleasure is not cheap (one ten-meter roll costs 1,600 rubles), but the guarantee is for forty years. The roofing work took no more than 5 hours and covered 40 square meters. I believe that it is better to do it once than to redo it a hundred times. I'm happy with the work and the coating.

ssvvir

http://otzovik.com/review_693460.html

Icopal

Danish company founded in 1876. By now it has become one of the world's largest manufacturers of roofing materials. It has 37 factories and 4 research centers. The sales network includes 95 representative offices around the world.

The Icopal representative office in Russia opened in 2003. After 2 years, a plant for the production of roofing materials was opened in the Vladimir region (Petushki). the latest equipment. The following products are produced:

After placing production in Russia, domestic consumers had the opportunity to purchase high-quality materials from a world-famous brand at an affordable price.

In addition to these items, Icopal produces PVC membranes:

• reinforced - for installing flat and exploitable roofs, protecting passageways;
• unreinforced - for arranging junctions.

"Neftekhimprom"

Financial and industrial group, into which the Maxim group of companies was reorganized in 1997. Includes a number largest enterprises, among which: Togliatti "Sintezkauchuk", OJSC "Novokuibyshevsky Petrochemical Plant", OJSC Novomoskovsk "Orgsintez".

For covering roofs, the manufacturer offers the Cromel membrane made of synthetic rubber SKEPT. Until recently, this polymer was not synthesized in our country and the domestic industry could not offer a worthy alternative to imported rubber membranes, for example, from Carlisle Syntec Systems and Firestone. Now Russian consumers have the opportunity to use a domestic polymer EPDM membrane, which is not inferior in quality to the best imported analogues, but has half the cost.

Characteristics of the Cromel membrane:

• relative elongation 250%;
• daily water absorption 0.5%;
• the lowest temperature at which the material bends around a rod with a diameter of 5 mm without cracking is -60 o C;
• heat resistance: +120 o C.

This membrane is produced at the Ivanovo artificial sole plant and the Kirov artificial leather plant. It is resistant to all atmospheric factors and tolerates extreme temperatures and temperature changes inherent in the Russian climate. The fire load when burning the material is much lower than in the case of bitumen roll materials.

Roofing from roll materials

Two types of roofs are built using roll materials: traditional and inversion.

Traditional soft roofing

A traditional roof consists of the following layers (from bottom to top):

A slope is not made if pressed mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam is used as insulation: along with conventional slabs, wedge-shaped ones are produced - the slope is created with their help.

The purpose of the vapor barrier in this cake is to prevent the penetration of steam from the living space into the insulation and further under the waterproofing carpet. Some moist air even leaks through concrete slab, and if it is not stopped, the steam in the cake will cool and condense, which will lead to negative consequences:

• mineral wool will no longer retain heat (this does not threaten expanded clay and expanded polystyrene with their closed cells);
• During cyclic freezing and thawing, the water will destroy the cake materials.

To organize water drainage, drainage funnels are installed in the roof.

Video: flat roof installation

Inversion roofing

Inversion roofing is designed for intensive use with high loads - up to the passage or parking of cars. Waterproofing coating made of rolled materials is hidden deep into the cake, where it is protected from mechanical and atmospheric influences. The pie ends up looking like this (from bottom to top):

• solid base - concrete hollow or ribbed slab;
• deviation;
• reinforced cement-sand screed;
• waterproofing carpet made of rolled materials;
• waterproof insulation with high strength - extruded polystyrene foam;
• drainage layer in the form of crushed stone or gravel backfill on top of geotextile panels. Filters water flowing onto the waterproofing carpet, thereby preventing siltation drainage system;
• the finishing coating is paving slabs on a sand backfill or asphalt concrete on a screed.

There is no vapor barrier in this type of roofing - this role is played by the rolled material itself. Water is collected from two levels: from the waterproofing carpet and the finishing coating. For this purpose, two-level drainage funnels are used. Instead of crushed stone on a geotextile backing, membranes can be used as a drainage layer, which are covered with geotextile on both sides plastic mesh.

When used as a finishing covering for a lawn, the top layer of a waterproofing carpet is made from root-resistant roll materials. This property is ensured by a dense polymer shell and a special chemical additive in the material.

In non-insulated inversion roofs, the top layer of the waterproofing carpet is made up of a special high-strength roll material that allows the laying of hard finishing coatings right down to asphalt concrete directly on it.

Video: inversion roofs - roof garden

Roll roofing installation technology

Preparation for installation of roll roofing is carried out in the following sequence.

If free place There is no material for preliminary layout; the rolls are rewound so that the panels bend in the opposite direction. The installation procedure is carried out in several stages.

Upper layer They are made from a covering roll material: it differs from the lining material in its higher strength and stone powder.

Places where the roof meets walls, parapets, etc. vertical structures sealed in the following order.

The junctions with the brick chimney are sealed with a steel or lead collar (flashing) or cement-sand mortar. Passages round pipes through the roof they are sealed with the special parts supplied in the kit - a roof and an apron.

Video: laying euroroofing felt

Installation of roll roofing on a wooden base

The sheathing is installed under a soft roof in two ways. With the first it turns out to be single-layer, with the second - two-layer.

Single-layer lathing

A continuous sheathing of boards 80–100 mm wide and thick is placed on the rafters:

Maximum permissible deviations:

• the height difference between adjacent boards is no more than 0.5 mm;
• the gap between the boards is no more than 2 mm.

Double-layer sheathing

A more durable option is a two-layer sheathing. It is formed like this:

• the rafters are covered with sheathing made of unedged boards with a gap of 150–200 mm;
• A continuous flooring of narrow boards 15–20 mm thick is placed on top at an angle of 30–45 o to the sheathing.

All lumber is treated with fire retardants (clay sulfate or superphosphate paste) and antiseptic. The latter can be made independently by dissolving sodium fluoride salt in warm water(mass ratio - 1:15) at the rate of 250 g/m2.

The roll material is laid as follows.

Laying membranes

PVC and rubber membranes are extremely easy to install. Three methods of fastening are used:

• ballast;
• adhesive;
• mechanical.

Ballast method

Due to its simplicity and low cost, the ballast fastening method is used first. The coating is pressed with a load, most often it is:

Specific gravity ballast - 50 kg/m2. Geotextiles are placed under crushed stones, which can damage the membrane with sharp edges.

Fixing the coating with ballast is possible under the following conditions:

• the angle of inclination of the slope does not exceed 15 o;
• roof besides snow load able to bear the weight of ballast.

Mechanical fastening

If it is not possible to use ballast, the membrane is screwed to the base with special bolts, anchors or self-tapping screws (depending on the material load-bearing structures roofs). The fastener is available in two versions:

The fasteners are screwed into the overlap areas, the value of which in this case is 120 mm (with ballast fastening - 60 mm).

Along the edges and on protruding elements of the roof, the membrane is fixed with slats with a soft sealing insert.

Adhesive fixation method

Glue method least desirable due to high cost and low reliability. Therefore, it is used as a last resort when it is impossible to secure the membrane in any other way. Glue is applied around the perimeter and in places where the panels overlap. For greater reliability, if the high cost does not bother you, you can coat the entire membrane with glue.

Video: installation of roofing membrane

Roll roofing materials are becoming more durable and are gradually getting rid of their inherent disadvantages. The advent of PVC and rubber membranes is a real breakthrough: the coating is installed quickly and easily, and it is virtually seamless. This is why in Western countries ¾ of all roofs are covered with membranes.

A lot depends on what kind of coating is used to protect the roof of a building. First of all, this includes the operating time of the structure without performing repair work. However, we should not forget about aesthetics and cost, because this is what makes roll roofing attractive.

Scope of application of rolled fused materials

Roll materials are excellent for creating roof coverings with a slope angle from 0 to 30 degrees. This can be either a single slope surface or a structure with several slopes. Flat roofs of modern buildings, or the sloping roof of a country house can be built using rolled materials.

Today, the demand for such coatings is very high, because they have a significantly longer service life than the materials that were available just a decade ago. The roof could last only five years, and then it required repairs. 10 years later roofing carpet already replaced.

Nowadays, the service life of such materials reaches 25 years.

What is a built-up roll roofing?

As the name implies, this is a rolled material produced in two ways. The first is intended for the manufacture of basic coatings and consists of treating a base of cardboard or fiberglass with a binder mixture, which can be tar or bitumen. The second manufacturing method is intended to produce baseless materials. In this case, use special methods heat treatment of binder mixtures containing special additives and fillers, after which the resulting mass is rolled into sheets.

All roll materials can be divided into cover materials and those that do not have a layer of refractory bitumen reinforced with fillers or additives.

Types of basic roll materials

• Ruberoid. Ruberoid, created on a cardboard basis, was used back in Soviet time, however, it is still popular today because it is one of the cheapest coatings. Glassine is lining material, which is a special roofing cardboard impregnated with petroleum bitumen. It is manufactured in accordance with GOST 2697-83. The main disadvantage of glassine and roofing felt is their short service life, which is more than compensated by their low cost.

• Rubemast. This is a built-up roll roofing, produced using technologies similar to roofing felt. This material has a special protective film that prevents the layers from gluing and protects the front side of the rubemast, covered with granite chips, from abrasion. The service life in this case is also short, but installation is much simpler than in the previous case.
• Glass ruberoid. It is produced using fiberglass or polyester as a base. This material much more durable than cardboard impregnated with bitumen. The presence of a solid base has significantly increased the service life of the material, which can reach 15 years, and the resistance to accidental damage is much higher.
• Euroroofing material. This type of coating is also weldable, but differs in that it can withstand quite strong temperature changes and severe frosts. The service life of the material is approaching three decades, and the number of layers required to create a reliable roofing carpet is minimal.
• Membrane coating. This material is one of the latest developments. It has high durability and is distinguished quick installation. An alternative is self-adhesive materials, which warm weather You just need to roll it out on the roof, after removing the protective film from the back side. The disadvantage of self-adhesive compounds is their cost.

Baseless roofing materials

One of the most attractive features of such coatings is the absence of a rigid structure, due to which they easily absorb deformations of the insulated base without reducing the degree of protection. Non-core materials include:

• isol;
• brizol;
• films.

Isol. This material is obtained from waste rubber, which undergoes devulcanization in a bitumen environment. After this procedure, a fibrous filler is introduced, for example, asbestos fibers, as well as a number of additives. Izol is elastic, rot-resistant, and easily tolerates deformation even at low temperatures. This material is waterproof, biologically resistant and plastic. Its properties are maintained over a wide temperature range (-30..+100 C). The main application of isol is roof waterproofing.

The tensile strength of the material is up to 0.4 MPa, and the water saturation per day is less than 1% by weight. The weight of 1 m2 is only 1.5 kg. The inner side is protected from sticking in the roll using talc, chalk or other material with similar properties. There are only two types of isol: the first of them is I-BD, which does not have polymer additives, and the second is I-PD, which contains special substances.

Brizol. This is baseless material roll type, made from a mixture of petroleum bitumen having different viscosities with rubber. As a rule, crushed and processed car tires, as well as special plasticizers and fillers. In percentage terms, the composition is as follows: 60% is bitumen, 30% is rubber and 12% is asbestos. The proportion of plasticizer is small (2-5%).

The manufacturing technology of the material makes it chemically resistant. It can withstand 40 percent sulfuric acid, 20 percent hydrochloric acid and can withstand heat up to 60 C. Such properties determined the purpose of brizol, which is used to insulate a flat sloping roof laid in a layer of up to 35 mm. One of the features of the material is the ability to retain not only water, but also various gases.

Brizol fabrics are supplied in the form of rolls, inner surface which are coated with fine mineral powder, which avoids sticking of the material during storage and delivery.

GMP. Hidden under the abbreviation waterproofing material, obtained from polyisobutylene. It is of high quality and durability. There are 3 brands of GMP intended for creating multi-layer flat roofs, waterproofing and vapor barriers.

Film materials are also baseless. These include the well-known polyethylene films and polyamide materials. The main advantage of films is their minimal thickness and almost complete waterproofness, as well as low weight.

Polyethylene film is a good waterproofing material, but it is not without its drawbacks. The main one is exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which destroys the structure of the film. The strength of the material allows it to withstand 4..8 MPa tensile strength. The heat resistance of the film is high and reaches 140 C, and minimum temperature at which flexibility remains at -60 C.

Polyethylene film is a frost-resistant, waterproof material that can also be used for installing warm roofs. Polyamide film differs from polyethylene in its higher tensile strength in the longitudinal direction, and in the transverse direction this parameter increases significantly. If the thickness of polyethylene varies from 0.03 to 0.15 mm, then the polyamide film can be from 0.055 to 0.12 mm

Designation of roofing materials

Each type of coating has its own designation, consisting of numbers and letters. The first symbol is a letter indicating the type of material, for example, “P” - roofing felt. In second place is the type of coating, which can be: “P” - lining, “K” - roofing, “E” - elastic. The type of external coating is indicated by the third letter: “Ch” - flake mica, “M” - fine-grained, “P” - dusty and “K” - coarse-grained. The brand completes the graphical designation of the material. This is a number showing the density of cardboard or its weight. square meter. The higher it is, the stronger the material will be.

Sometimes another letter appears in the designation - “O”. It means that the material has a one-sided coating.

It is worth using coatings in accordance with their purpose, since otherwise the service life will be much shorter.

Advantages of roll roofing

Rolled soft roofing is a relatively inexpensive universal material, which is low cost compared to other types of coatings. The advantages of roll roofing include, first of all, the low weight of the material. This allows you to reduce costs for both transportation and installation.

The second feature of these coatings is that such material does not require regular maintenance, and the installation itself does not cause any particular difficulties. Unlike other methods of roof protection, it does not take so long to lay a soft roof.

Another advantage of a properly constructed roofing pie using roll materials is the low noise level and good waterproofing. Moreover, modern coatings meet high fire safety requirements.

It is also worth mentioning that modern roofing material has a very long service life, which means the roof will require repair no earlier than in 15-20 years.

What is roll roofing made from?

Today the raw materials for the main type of materials are:

• polyester;
• fiberglass;
• fiberglass

Polyester is the most expensive and reliable base. This synthetic material made from polymer fiber. It will withstand stretching up to 60%, and the tensile force is almost 35 kgf/cm. The service life of polyester is also quite long.

Fiberglass is made from interwoven strands of fiberglass. To create roofing materials, two types of fabrics are used - smooth and frame. The former are obtained by twisting threads, coated with a lubricant and forming a material having different kinds weaving. The main advantage of smooth fiberglass fabrics is their low cost, but the disadvantage is that deformation is possible during transportation or storage. In particularly difficult cases, bitumen may even peel off.

Frame fiberglass fabric is made from flat glass rovings intertwined with glass thread. This base is attractive because it does not break and is practically not deformed. This is what is used when it is necessary to produce modern roofing material. Fiberglass is the most durable base, but in general the type of bitumen binder used also has an influence. If its quality is low, then the roof itself may not live up to expectations.

Above, we discussed the main aspects regarding the materials used when creating a built-up roll roofing. Most of the attention was paid to the materials themselves, and the technology of their installation remained behind the scenes. If this is what you need, we have it on our website. Additional Information regarding the installation of such coatings.

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Installation of roll roofing is a rather labor-intensive process, but due to its ease of implementation, it is accessible to many novice developers. It's better to work in pairs. Features of the choice of material and the main stages of laying various roofing coverings are described in detail in this article.

The use of roll roofing is optimal for structures with a slope of no more than 30%, that is, we are talking about flat, single-pitched and multi-pitched roofs. Roofing roll material has been used for a long time and does not cause any complaints.

Due to the use modern technologies and equipment during the production of the material, it was possible to increase the level of its quality, which contributed to an increase in its operational period from 5-10 years to 15-25 years.

Let's look at the main types of rolled roofing materials.

The classification of roll roofing includes:

1. Basic materials that are made from cardboard or fiberglass base by applying astringent organic mixtures (tar, bitumen). Depending on what substance is used, the materials can be bitumen, bitumen-polymer and tar, the visual difference of which can be seen in the photo. There is also a difference in structure - they can be coverless or coverless.
2. Baseless materials - they contain binder mixtures that first undergo heat treatment with the addition of various fillers, and then roll into sheets.

Covering types of rolled roofing are treated with refractory bitumen applied to one or both sides, while the technology of coverless materials does not imply this.

In total, 4 generations of roll coatings can be distinguished:

• Ruberoid sheets and glassine , used from Soviet times until today. They make the cheapest roofing covering, which affects both its service life - about 3-5 years, and the installation method - at least three layers.
• Rubemast – is an improved version of the roofing material described above and differs in installation technology – it is not rolled out, but is fused to the surface. The service life does not exceed the operation of its predecessor.
• Glass roofing material – differs from budget coverings by replacing the cardboard base with fiberglass or polyester, which does not rot. Refers to modern and practical materials with a service life of up to 15 years.
• Euroroofing material It is resistant to sudden temperature fluctuations and frost. Applied in 2-3 layers, it lasts about 30 years (read: " ").
• Membrane roll materials - modern roofing roll materials that are easy to install and last a very long time. They are presented on the market in the form of self-adhesive sheets, which should be laid in warm sunny weather, after first removing the film from the adhesive base. The high cost is justified by installation without nails and mastics.

The most elite material For roof installation, we use rolled copper roofing, which only the wealthiest developers can afford.

When choosing rolled roofing materials, in particular roofing felt, you should pay attention to the presence of letter and digital designations, which indicate:

1. Names - for example, P - roofing felt.
2. Fabric type – P – lining, K – roofing, E – elastic.
3. The type of topping used – H – flake mica, M – fine-grained, P – dusty, K – coarse-grained.
4. Digital marking, by which you can find out about the use of cardboard base (in grams) per 1 sq. m, at the same time, than higher figure, the higher the strength of the material.

Based on this information, we can conclude that rolled roofing materials are suitable for different construction conditions. So, the lower layers are laid from the lining roofing material, and the upper ones from the roofing material. This is where the difference in technical specifications. Since the top layers are exposed to the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation, moisture and wind, they must be the most durable.

Installation of roofing material is carried out as follows:

• mechanically– ordinary nails are used. A lining layer is attached, on top of which a metal tile or flexible roofing covering is placed;
• gluing on - suitable for 1-3 generations of rolled materials, and such installation is carried out with all layers from the lining to the top;
• fusing – suitable for materials applied using the appropriate method.

As a rule, developers select rolled roofing materials based on the roof construction budget. Even when using an inexpensive coating, you can extend its service life by following all stages of installation and timely repairs.

Installation of roll roofing

Laying of soft roofing material is carried out according to the slope slope:

• If the slope does not exceed 5%, then in 4 layers. Multi-storey buildings, as a rule, are built with flat roofs, so 5 layers will be enough.
• If the slope value fluctuates between 5-15%, then a three-layer coating will suffice.
• If 15% is exceeded, 2 layers of roofing or single-layer soft tiles are laid.

This information is relevant if roll roofing material is used and refers to the latest generation of coating. Reliable installation of conventional roofing felt is guaranteed only if there are at least three layers. Besides, special attention require roof design features, so it is better to consult with experienced builders.

Since execution roofing works is not possible without the use of bitumen mastics, then we will consider them in detail. They come in hot and cold, and are prepared before application.

Making mastic

Here, one container will be enough, in which the bitumen is brought to 200-220 degrees, after which fillers are added. If individual particles appear in the foam, it is better to remove them. The mass is mixed until a homogeneous mirror composition is formed. The mastic needs to be cooled to 160 degrees.

For ease of installation roll covering on flat roofs (with a slope of up to 15%), it is recommended to lay it parallel to the ridge strip. The first panel is laid from the edge of the roof with a protrusion of up to 10-12 cm for the eaves overhang, to which the material is attached with nails. Each subsequent canvas is laid with an overlap of 10 cm on the previous one.

If the roof slope exceeds 15%, then it is better to lay the material across ridge strip with preliminary stuffing on top of the sheathing of triangular bars 50x50x70 mm, departing from the edges of the canvas by 10 cm. Rolled material is placed on these bars, also with an allowance of 10-12 cm for the eaves overhang, but in this case top edge The sheet still needs to be thrown over the ridge.

To securely fasten the panels, roofing nails are used, nailed every 50 cm. Then each block is covered with a cap - a strip of up to 12 cm, folded in half, which is fixed using tar nails.

You can achieve uniform laying of roofing roll materials with overlaps of the required length by first laying them out before starting work.

The roll roofing includes the following elements:

1. Lathing.
2. Layer vapor barrier material, which has undergone painting and pasting.
3. Insulation.
4. Screed.
5. Roofing covering.
6. Materials for top powder.

Installation of flat roofs - training video:

Depending on the chosen insulation, the screed can be of different heights: for loose insulation - 3 cm, tiled - 2 cm, monolithic - 1 cm. Immediately after pouring the screed, you need to prime the surface bitumen composition, which will prevent the evaporation of moisture from the solution.

Roofing material is laid in parallel installation - from the eaves, in transverse installation - from the edge of the slope. Each subsequent sheet is placed on top of the one already laid 10 cm wide or 20 cm long. After the first layer has been fixed, it is recommended to wait 12 hours so that if there are any defects, measures can be taken immediately to eliminate them.