Construction of the roof of the house. DIY gable roof. Installing the ridge beam

A country house is a combination of several components, each of which performs specific functions. For example, you can complete your home and protect it from various influences of nature by roofing system. How to make a roof and what kind, each owner decides for himself, because you can truly give your cottage a unusual look, choosing one or another roof design.

What do we choose from?

The type of roof depends on the rafter system, and any roof model will consist of several elements:

Mauerlat - the base of the roof, made of reinforced concrete or timber, to which the rafters will be attached,
lathing, which is a thin flooring made of boards, - it is on this that the roofing covering will be laid,
waterproofing layer in the form of a special film that protects the roof from moisture,
a vapor barrier layer in the form of a membrane film that absorbs accumulating condensate from the inside and evaporates it to the outside,
thermal insulation layer - insulation, which is mounted between the rafters.

The roof installation must be carried out in strict accordance with these stages - only in this way will the roofing system meet all the requirements in terms of reliability and durability. At the heart of any roofing works There must be a project that takes into account all the nuances of the construction process.

We build according to the project

Modern roof designs offer a wide range of solutions, thanks to which you can make the roof of your home very different. However, it should not only be aesthetically pleasing and attractive, but also reliable, so you need to take into account the main factors that form the basis of any project:

The type of coating is an opportunity to make the roof reliable, durable and beautiful. Modern projects assume that any material can be used as a roofing covering - from expensive ceramic tiles or natural tiles to the usual and economical slate or ondulin.
Type of construction: when choosing, you should take into account the characteristics of the roofing material.
Expenses: complex roofs houses will require more significant costs, especially if they consist of non-standard elements. Experts advise not to skimp on materials, since the structural reliability of the roof depends on their quality.
The arrangement of communications is another important part that must be described in the project. A roof is not only a roofing material, but also gutters, a drainage system, and various fences that make the operation of the roof convenient and safe.

The preparation of the project should be entrusted to professionals who will take into account the features of the truss structure, help you choose materials, calculate the load on the foundation and compare it with the permissible value.

Types of roofing structures

Before you make a roof, you should decide on its design. Over the course of many centuries, house-building trends have evolved and are constantly changing. No less significant changes were made to the roof, which today, despite its simplicity of design and installation, is distinguished by its aesthetic appearance, functionality and practicality. Modern homeowners prefer the following types of roofing structures:

A pitched roof is a structure built on beams that rest on the walls of the house. With different wall heights, such a roof will have a different slope. And if the walls are the same height, you can make the roof usable and place on it, for example, winter Garden or a rest room. In most cases, the roof of a garage or bathhouse is pitched, country house or outbuilding.
Gable roofing is slopes sloping in the shape of a triangle, which are distinguished by the same size of the slopes and ease of installation. This type of roof is often called a gable roof.
A broken roofing system is also a gable structure, the slopes of which are made with a break. Such systems allow you to equip the attic.
Semi-hip roofs are slopes in the form of trapezoids that form a triangular slope (hip) on top at the end of the building. This roof looks stylish and attractive, however, its installation is not so simple. On the other hand, the roof will be as reliable as possible and will retain heat in the room.
Hip roofs of houses - these are four triangular hips that meet in the center. Such designs are good for square-shaped houses and gazebos.

Installation stages

The roof structure consists of several components: ventilation, insulation layer, vapor barrier and waterproofing. During installation, you should take into account the correct sequence of work, since otherwise the roof will allow both cold and moisture to pass through. The roof is created with your own hands in several stages:

The rafter system is being installed.
A vapor barrier layer is being installed.
Insulation materials are being installed.
A layer of waterproofing is installed.
Installation of sheathing and counter-lattens is carried out - they depend on the type of roofing material and the roof structure as a whole.
The roof covering is being laid.
The ridge and cornice are being installed.
Equipped ventilation system in the under-roof space.
Drainage elements are being installed.

All these stages play important role when performing a process such as roof installation. Great importance have correctly performed calculations, since they will form the basis of technical standards, violation of which will lead to unsafe operation of the roof.

How to install a roll roof?

Often material in rolls is used for roofing. This is due to its high quality, as well as ease of installation. However, you still can’t do without surface preparation. Before deciding how to make a roof, you need to choose its type. Then we decide on the sheathing. If you use roofing felt, then you will need to prepare a flat and continuous base for this coating. Gluing of roofing felt is carried out using cold mastic or molten bitumen. A fine-grained material is used as the bottom layer, and a coarse-grained material should be used for the top layer. The direction of laying depends on the slope of the slope:

if it is above 15 degrees, the material is laid perpendicularly;
if the slope is flat, the roofing material is placed parallel to the ridge.

In order for the roof to be done with high quality, you need to take into account several rules. Firstly, the mastic layer must be at least 2 mm. Secondly, the overlap of the strips should be 10 cm or more. Thirdly, an additional layer of roofing material should be laid on top of the ridge, and the material should hang 50 cm from the roof slopes. All layers should be laid under pressure. Based roll materials As a rule, single- and gable-pitched roofs, as well as mansard roofs, are installed.

How to make a roof made of metal?

A metal roof can be installed with special tools. The use of this particular material provides a number of advantages: durability, reliability, aesthetics of the roof, ease of installation. Lathing under metal coating- these are 50x50 mm bars, and a board is laid along the line of the ridge and cornice. To achieve high-quality ventilation, the lathing pitch must be at least 25 cm. This will protect the structure from corrosion, increasing the service life of the roofing system.

When using sheet steel, first the sheets are cut, the patterns are formed, and the flanges are created. Moreover, each material is laid in its own way. For example, corrugated sheeting is installed with an overlap to prevent moisture from getting under the covering. And only after this the sheet is secured into the wave deflection with threaded nails and a rubber gasket.

Tools and accessories

Installing a roof is a difficult and energy-intensive process that must be carried out in strict adherence to technology using the appropriate tools. So, a good roofer should have in his arsenal a large number of hammers that allow you to work with metal sheets. With their help, fasteners are formed on metal, nails are driven in and removed. When arranging a roof, you cannot do without tongs - straight, long, curved or short. They are needed for bending gutters, processing tiles and forming bends in sheet metal. Different types scissors are also needed for working with roofing materials - zinc, copper, steel.

One ramp - what's special?

This type of roofing system is most often used in the construction of garages or outbuildings, as well as small country houses, which do not require careful insulation. The structure is a flat surface, which is covered with a layer of material. Its essence is that the roof rests on walls of different heights, due to which a certain slope is formed. Why is it good: firstly, ease of installation - such a roof can be erected very quickly with your own hands. Secondly, the installation process is economical. Moreover, each single-pitch structure is a series of elements:

rafters;
sheathing;
layers of hydro- and vapor barrier;
roofing covering.

If the roof is almost horizontal, then a rafter system is not needed. Lathing is the base of the roof, made of planed boards and treated with antiseptics. The boards must be located at a certain distance from each other to ensure natural ventilation. Houses with a pitched roof require glass wool insulation, mineral wool or polystyrene foam, as well as waterproofing and vapor barrier using special films. Cover by pitched roof You can use any material - corrugated sheets, metal tiles, slate or roofing felt. To the disadvantages single-pitch structures too much load due to snow can be attributed, especially if the roof is made with virtually no slope. In addition, one slope is not enough to install an attic or attic.

How is it done?

Roof calculation is one of the important stages that must be carried out during design. It takes several points into account:

Calculation of the slope angle: the slopes should be designed in such a way that water flows to the ground. The angle depends on the roofing material used: for corrugated sheeting it is 20 degrees, for metal tiles - 25 degrees, and for slate - 35 degrees.
The rafter system is needed to distribute the load and increase the strength of the structure. Its installation begins with the installation of a mauerlat - a beam that is laid in full length load-bearing wall and is secured with anchor bolts.
The sheathing is made of bars, which are placed across the rafters. It can be continuous, or it can be laid at intervals.
Warming - also important stage However, when building a house with one slope, you can save on this process, since there will be less space to allow cold air to enter the room. Insulation is best done using glass wool or basalt mats.
You also need to attach a vapor barrier film to the sheathing, and then lay the waterproofing material.
The roofing covering is laid - it can be very different.

Two slopes - the most popular option

A gable roof is the most popular roofing system option in construction. Despite the fact that its structure is quite simple, it is impossible to do without involving specialists in drawing up the project. Gable design designed in such a way as to be reliable and withstand the weight of various precipitation, evenly distributing the load along the entire perimeter of the house. This system is popular today due to the fact that modern projects involve the construction of a residential attic between the slopes, which increases usable space without reducing the space suburban area. Like any other roof, a gable roof is created based on calculations:

first, a scheme is thought out in which the filling of the roofing pie will be taken into account;
then the roof is calculated - for this you need to find out its area.

The roof installation process is largely similar to the method described above. The foundation is being prepared on which the rafter system will be laid. The rafters are assembled, which can also be assembled on the ground. The rafters are attached to each other with ridge beams. The bevels of the slopes should ideally be at least 45 degrees. A sheathing is created, after which insulation material, vapor barrier and waterproofing are laid. At the last stage, the roofing material is laid.

An interesting solution is a house project with an attic. In this case it is also used gable roof, and between its slopes a room with sloping walls is formed. The peculiarity of the attic floor is that it hangs over the entire house and can have a planning solution. To increase the area of the attic, you can build not a gable roof, but a sloping roof. By the way, a residential attic is not only convenient, but also decorative: a cottage decorated with attic floor, looks cozy and interesting.

Hip roof: modern and spacious

If the size of the plot allows, as well as your own financial resources, you can install a roof with four slopes. The peculiarity of such a roof is its decorativeness, which allows you to give it your own country house a certain architectural appearance. At the same time, the design is simple in design and construction, and any materials can be used to cover it. IN hipped roof There are no gables, so its installation will be simple and no additional costs for materials will be required. The main condition is that the roof is reliable and can withstand certain loads. There are several types of hipped roofs:

tent;
hip;
half-hip.

Each of them has its own characteristics, and it is worth understanding that projects of such roofs are not cheap due to the unusual and complex nature of roof construction.

conclusions

The right roof - what is it like? Everyone will answer this question differently. For some it's traditional gable roof, giving the house integrity and completeness, while some prefer more modern options, for example, hip roof for your country cottage. Any of these options has a right to exist, and this is proven by roof projects - so diverse and interesting. Having decided to build a house, find good designers who will carry out competent calculations and tell you how to carry out the installation, based on what design and from what materials. When installing a roofing system, you simply cannot do without professional help. Specialists will help you with the choice of building materials, construction technology, design and installation, and will do everything to ensure that your home serves you reliably and for a long time.

The strength of the house and comfort largely depend on the reliability of the roof. Let’s look at how to make a roof with your own hands, without resorting to the help of professionals and third-party organizations, and what tools will be needed for its construction in stages.

To complete the work you will need following tools(the list is approximate and depends on the type of roof and material for covering the structure):

hammer (cutting, figured, handbrake hammer, with a curved end);
wooden mallet with chisel and chisel;
jack;
center punch and tape measure;
roofing and special scissors for cutting metal, if you plan to use metal sheets And steel elements;
disk or band-saw;
axe;
roofing mites;
putty knife;
hacksaw;
file;
joiner's staple;
zenzubel;
folding belt;
countersink;
riveter

The roof can be constructed from the following materials(again, the list is approximate and materials depend on preliminary design roofs, as well as the cost construction site):

tiles;
asbestos cement slabs(slate);
metal roofs;
slate nails if the roof is made of slate;
steel seam roofing;
insulation;
slate roofing;
rolled roofing material;
roofs made of natural materials (straw, wood, reeds);
wooden beams (15,12,10), unedged boards, boards 40–50 mm by 150 mm;
steel seam roofing;
wire for stretch marks;
bitumen slate;
copper and aluminum seam roofing;
profiled flooring;
hydrobarrier and other materials, depending on the roof and plan.

Stages of building a house roof

Roof construction work can be divided into several stages: fastening the Mauerlat, installing the frame, strengthening the roof, lathing, ventilation, installing drip edges and underlayment, internal insulation roofs.

Whatever form is chosen for the project, the main requirements are strength and lightness. The future roof must be strong enough to withstand the heavy weight of the roof with snow, without putting pressure on the walls of the house, which could cause the foundation to sag. Therefore, let us highlight the main components of the roof - these are durable bearing structures, base and covering.

Rafter system

The basis of the frame, which sets the shape and strength future roof, is made from rafters, and they are made from edged boards with a thickness of fifty millimeters. The width of the boards depends on the type of rafters. If layered rafters are used in the construction of the roof, then the width should be from one hundred and fifty millimeters.

For hanging rafters, boards with a width of one hundred and eighty millimeters are used. Edged board must be dry and High Quality, otherwise the roof will deform over time.

In order to evenly distribute the load on the internal supports of the house, you need to install a block beam with a section of fifteen by fifteen along the axis of the wall.

Then a cornice of beams is installed, with a projection of 39–51 centimeters and short beams. The entire structure is attached to the Mauerlat with self-tapping screws and nails.

Then you need to install ridge beam. The paving board should be fifty by one hundred and fifty centimeters. The height of the ridge beam and the height of the 1st floor must be equal.

After the timber is installed roof truss. Depending on the size of the house, three methods are used: overlapped joint, end-to-end rafter joint, installation on a ridge beam.

In all three options strengthening is done, and racks and crossbars are installed under all non-outer rafters.

Installation of gables - the final stage of roof construction

First you need to install the racks that will serve as the frame and plan window openings. If you plan to have a balcony, then you need to plan a doorway to access it.

Now the gable can be covered with an inch board and a water drain can be created, after which a hundred-millimeter strip of moisture-resistant material can be laid to protect it from snow and water.

AND the last stage, in the gable structure, eaves boards are sheathed, and drainpipe holders are attached to the rafters.

Lathing

Depending on the angle of the roof and the roofing material, the required frequency of sheathing is selected. For example, staggered sheathing is performed for laying roofing material with a large weight, and if used soft material, then you can make a double sheathing. The main thing is to maintain an even distance between the battens and secure them tightly to the supporting structures.

It remains to complete the installation of the front overhang and ebb.

Roofing

The installation of the roof is completed by laying the roof.

Slate, stamped tiles, steel sheets laid in the form of a single-layer structure. The sheets are joined into a lock, and the natural material, roll and strip tiles are laid in a multilayer structure, in the longitudinal or transverse direction, with an overlap.

To prevent the penetration of moisture, cold, drafts and other weather surprises, waterproofing and thermal insulation layers are laid on top of the rafters.

So, how to make a roof, from stage rafter system up to the roof, got the theory figured out. All that remains is to select the design, material and apply the above instructions in practice.

Every master who started independent construction, understands that building a roof with your own hands step by step is a difficult task, but still doable. In the material below we will try to understand all the intricacies of the work and understand what it looks like phased construction gable type roofs.

Important: so that the assembly of the roof of a private house is as accurate as possible, and all the material is purchased for it with a small margin, it is better to involve professionals in designing the roof. At the design stages they will calculate the slope angle of the roof slopes and the amount required building material for it, including steam and thermal insulation, as well as roofing material and will be given to you finished project roofs.

To understand what a roof in a private house will look like with your own hands, you need to understand what types of roofs exist. Based on this, choose the type of construction.

Important: however, when designing a roof, you should always take into account the wind and sediment (rain, snow) load on the ceiling, as well as the weight of the roofing material.

So, today they most often install the following roofs of a private house with their own hands:

Single-pitch. A roof that slopes to one side. This is the simplest roofing option, but it is not the most reliable for a private home, since such a structure is subject to a high load when discharging precipitation. Basically, such a roof is installed on auxiliary premises (verandas, outbuildings, sheds, etc.).
Gable roof. Very simple and at the same time reliable option covering the roof of the house. Two slopes evenly distribute the load on the rafter system when removing water and snow.
Hip (hipped roof). It is a little more difficult to perform, but at the same time it is an equally convenient option for covering. In most cases hip roof has four sides, two of which are made in the shape of a trapezoid, and two in the shape of a triangle.
Broken roof. Typically this is gable roof with creases on both sides. Such a ceiling is convenient in that an additional attic living space can be arranged underneath it, thereby increasing usable area at home, especially if it has one floor.
Multi-gable roof. The most complex design option. It is used over a large box of a private house with a complex configuration.

Important: it is worth remembering that step by step construction roofing for a house will be more difficult, the more complex the configuration of the room. This is due to the fact that for complex design a complex rafter system is required.

Materials for work

Independent construction of the roof of a private house requires preparation the right tools and materials. In particular you will need:

Beam with a section of 100x100, 100x150, 150x150, 150x200 or 200x200 mm for the mauerlat. The cross-section of the beam depends entirely on the width of the masonry of the house and on the roof structure. In our case, when installing a standard gable roof, a beam of 100x150 mm will be sufficient.
Boards with a section of 150x50 mm for rafters and crossbars. The cross-section of the boards may be smaller if the load on the roof is low (depending on the roofing material). The calculation of the number of boards for rafters is done in such a way that rafters can be installed on one side of the roof with a pitch of 80-120 cm. That is, if the length of the wall of the house is 4 meters, then it will require 5 rafter boards with a pitch of 80 cm.

Video: how to make a roof correctly ( step-by-step instruction on building a roof with your own hands).

Important: the installation step of the rafter legs depends on the weight of the future roofing material. The heavier it is, the smaller the rafter pitch should be.

Beam with a section of 100x150 mm for racks in the roof frame.
Hydro- and vapor barrier for roofing pie.
Boards and beams for sheathing.
A jigsaw or grinder with discs for wood.
Brackets, angles, studs and screws/bolts.

Important: below for a complete understanding of the work process is a detailed video.

Work technique

Mauerlat device

Photo 1:

To mount the roof of a private house strong and reliable, you need to take care of attaching the mauerlat - the wooden frame of the house, which serves as a transitional boundary from the stone to the wooden part of the building. Secure it in two ways:

Fill the reinforcing belt around the perimeter of the building and fix the construction studs in it. The pitch of the studs should be from one to one and a half meters.
By embedding the fastening studs into the last rows of the house's masonry.

Important: the height of the studs above the wall must be equal to the height of the timber being laid plus 3 cm. This calculation is necessary in order to securely fix the mauerlat with nuts and bolts.

Cutting and installing rafters

Photo 2:

The rafter system for the roof is the most difficult part of the work. It is important not only to install the rafter legs, but also to cut them correctly. In case of the slightest distortion, the entire roof frame will “walk”, which is not good for the roof. So, it will be easier and faster to build a roof with your own hands if you cut out a rafter pattern from one beam in advance and then form all the rest using it.

To create a pattern, you need to make an internal cut at the bottom of the rafter board at a right angle. This is where it will rest against the Mauerlat. The cutout is not made from the very edge of the board, but at a distance of 50 cm from it. These will be roof overhangs that protect the walls of the house from rain. The cut can be made using a block template or simply by drawing a right angle on the board.

Now you need to cut top edge boards in such a way that the rafter system of two parallel legs can be joined by cut edges without voids or gaps. To do this, you need to lift the board up, rest it on the mauerlat and raise it to the desired slope angle. A vertical line must be drawn in the center of the floor to the rafters. This will be the cutting line of the board. That is, in the upper part of the rafter leg we will get an oblique cut.

Photo 3:

We assemble all the rafter legs cut out according to the pattern on the ground, securely connecting them in the upper part (ridge) with brackets, ties and bolts.

Important: if the length of the rafters exceeds 3 meters, then it is advisable to additionally strengthen the system with crossbars - transverse crossbars that are attached horizontally in relation to the rafter triangle. The location of the crossbar should be in the first third of the upper part of the triangle.

Installation of the rafter system begins with the two outer gables. They are installed, a control cord is pulled between them and the entire roof skeleton is leveled along it. All rafters are fixed to the mauerlat with special corners and brackets.

Photo 4:

Important: the frame can be further strengthened with special racks that support the crossbars. And the racks, in turn, it is advisable to install on beds (special wide boards according to the type of ski that will remove the point load of the racks on the floor).

Sheathing device

Continuing the topic “how to build a roof,” it is worth noting that the next stage will be the installation of sheathing and construction roofing cake. As soon as the rafter system is ready, it is necessary to lay the sheathing, which will become the basis for all other materials of the pie - vapor and waterproofing, as well as for insulation and roofing material.

Photo 5:

The roof sheathing can be mounted from unedged boards section 100x50 mm. In this case, the spacing of the boards completely depends on the final roofing material. The heavier it is, the smaller the spacing of the sheathing should be. In general, the pitch of the sheathing is approximately 30 cm.

Important: it is advisable to first lay a layer of vapor barrier under the sheathing. It will protect the insulation from fumes penetrating from the premises of the house. Sheathing boards are already laid on top of the vapor barrier.

Now, timber is laid perpendicular to the sheathing wood in increments equal to the width of the slabs or rolls insulation material. Insulation is laid between them, securely driving it into the existing grooves.

Photo 6:

Cover everything on top with a layer waterproofing material and fix it with another perpendicular lathing (in in this case horizontal). And the final roofing material is already installed on it.

Photo 7:

At the very end of the roof installation cottage It is also necessary to install a drain. It is made from plastic pipes cut lengthwise, or ready-made drainage elements are purchased in advance. Now all that remains is to sew up the roof gables with the selected material. It can be either wood or stone.

What makes four faceless, cold walls a cozy home for a person? On that complex issue the ancestors answered long ago, speaking of their home as “a roof over their head.” When people built houses with my own hands, they knew not from experience that neither a hut, nor a barn, nor even a cattle shed could be built without this structure. The roof of the house protects from wind, cold and rain, harsh nature, which inhospitably tests a person’s strength. Even now, when construction is underway professional craftsmen, Creation reliable roof counts a daunting task, the implementation of which affects the comfort and ease of use of housing.

Roof functions

The roof is an integral element of the structure of the house, this term means top part structures installed on walls top floor, for protection from precipitation, wind and cold. Roofs perform the following functions:

Waterproofing. The main task of every roof is to protect interior spaces houses from the penetration of rain, snow and melt water. Therefore, materials that do not allow liquid to pass through are used for the arrangement. To guarantee reliable waterproofing, they create it like this: roofing pie”, a complex of moisture-proof layers that complement and enhance each other’s qualities.
Thermal insulation. The roof acts as a barrier between the interior of the house and the cold air outside. The structure is built in such a way as to retain heat inside. To maintain livable temperature regime houses use fibrous roofs during the construction process thermal insulation materials. In the summer, during solar activity, all types of roofs create shade, protecting from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Aesthetic. The roof is integral element home design. Architects use different types of roofs to create a unique look for a building, giving it a recognizable style and charm. The wrong choice of roof turns a representative cottage into a squat shack, so more often this decision is made together with experienced builder or designer.

Important! Appearance and the shapes of the roofs are closely intertwined with the national architectural tradition. This can easily be explained by the fact that the structures were given a geometry suitable for the climatic conditions of the region where they lived.

Eg, distinguishing feature residential buildings in central Russia have a steep triangular roof, from the slopes of which snow layers easily slide off. For Scandinavia with little snowy winters, chateaus with flat roofs framed by a wide overhang are common. In Pomeranian cities, blown through by winds, pitched and hipped roofs are common, the design of which has less of a sailing effect.

Roof types

Types of house roofs were born in different historical eras and various countries. The appearance and design were modified and improved, moving along the path of constant complication. In an open world with a high rate of spread of information and technology, roofing is no longer a clearly zoned standard, but is built according to taste preferences and practical tasks. Therefore, in private construction all types of roofs are used:

Important! Two gable roofs with different slopes and slope areas, roofing material, overhang width, different placement dormer windows, “cuckoos”, bay windows have a unique, incomparable appearance. Working with an experienced architect and using the capabilities of modern roofing materials, developers are erecting amazing structures with semicircular, multi-level, fantasy roofs. Yes, it is expensive and difficult, but there will always be people willing to pay for style and originality.

Creating a Project

During the construction of the roof there is no unimportant work; all stages of construction affect the strength and durability of the future structure. However, designing and creating a project is a crucial moment that requires certain experience and knowledge. Typically this process is performed in the following order:

Important! All stages of ventilation must be performed by a competent architect, whose services are not cheap. If we are talking about a simple single or double slope attic roof, for calculations they use special calculator programs that take over the calculations, simplifying the task of builders. You can also use ready-made standard projects, which thousands of homeowners have tried before you and were satisfied with.

The process of building a roof with your own hands

The beginning of the construction of a roof is a joyful moment for every homeowner, as it means that the construction of their own home is approaching its logical conclusion, with housewarming. Indeed, most often after finishing the roofing work, all that remains is to connect the communications and finish interior decoration. But, without getting ahead of ourselves, let’s describe the process of arranging the roof from the beginning:

Construction of a roof is a responsible, difficult and long process, on which the microclimate and comfort of living in the house depend. Naturally, more than 90% entrust this task to experienced, proven craftsmen. But you should not avoid participating in the creation of the roof of the house, letting the process take its course. You need to actively participate in the discussion possible options and decision making. To ensure that your vote is thoughtful and you don’t have to regret it, our website will provide you with useful and relevant information that will facilitate communication with builders.

When constructing private houses, the roof is most often made of a gable roof. There are reasons for this. The first is that it is reliable. Copes well with wind and snow loads. Secondly, it is compatible with any roofing covering. The third is relatively inexpensive. The fourth is a simple design that is difficult to spoil. Fifth - she looks attractive. All this, and the fact that a gable roof is built with your own hands without special knowledge, determines its popularity.

The assembled gable roof with your own hands is ready for installation of the roofing covering

Step-by-step installation of a gable roof

As you saw above, there are a lot of rafter systems. Accordingly, each assembly has its own characteristics, but in general order same. It is necessary to talk about the general step: pre-drying and processing of wood. This step is required if you bought fresh lumber rather than dried.

Use of raw wood in roof construction natural humidity will lead to problems: the beams will bend, they will dry out, and the geometry will change. All this will lead to the emergence of stress points and at the slightest sign of overload (lots of snow, strong wind or rain) negative processes will begin. Eliminating them is a complex and expensive undertaking. Therefore, either buy dry wood (no more than 20%, ideally kiln drying 8-12%), or buy the material a couple of months in advance and put it in ventilated stacks. Then treat with the necessary impregnations (against fungal attack and to reduce flammability) and only then use it in the installation of the rafter system.

Lumber should be dried in ventilated stacks. To do this, they are laid with short sections of boards. They are placed a meter from the edges and then every meter. Spacers must be installed under the lower one

We will tell you about the main stages of assembly and how to make a gable roof with your own hands in this section.

Mauerlat

The assembly of the gable roof rafter system begins with the installation of the Mauerlat. It must be positioned strictly horizontally, therefore, before installation, the horizontality of the wall to which it is attached is carefully checked, and if necessary, it is leveled cement mortar. You can continue work after the solution reaches 50% strength.

Depending on the system, this is a beam with a cross-section of 150*150 mm or a board with dimensions of 50*150 mm. It is attached to the top row of the wall masonry. If the house is wooden, its role is played by the upper crown. If the walls are made of lightweight building blocks - foam concrete or aerated concrete and others - their rigidity is not enough to redistribute the load. In this case, on top last row The masonry is made of a reinforced reinforced concrete belt into which embedded fasteners are embedded - wire or pins. A beam or board is then placed on them.

There are several ways to connect walls and mauerlat:

A smooth rolled wire of large diameter (two ends sticking up) is fixed in the masonry (in a reinforced concrete belt). The board is then done in necessary places holes through which the wire is threaded. It then curls and bends.
Studs with a diameter of at least 12 mm are immured in the wall. Holes are made in the Mauerlat for them, a timber/board is inserted) and tightened with nuts and wide washers.
Having aligned the beam or board along the outer or inner edge of the wall, take a drill with a diameter of 12 mm and make holes for the anchor bolts. They (of the same diameter 12 mm) are hammered in up to the top, then tightened with a wrench.

The distance between the studs (wire) should not be more than 120 cm. It must be placed on the wall (belt) under the Mauerlat. cut-off waterproofing. This can be rolled up roofing felt or waterproofing material in two layers, or coated with bitumen mastic.

Installation of rafters

There are dozens of types of gable roof truss systems. First of all, you need to choose what yours will look like. Further, in order to make the work easier, a template is made from thin boards for all cuts, notches and other similar parts. To do this, you may need to assemble the first form on the roof, and then make templates using the finished form.

The assembly procedure depends on the type of rafter system. If the rafters are layered, they are installed gradually, assembled from elements directly on the roof. In this case, it is convenient if the ceiling beams are laid and, if possible, the rough flooring of the attic or attic.

In systems with hanging rafters a truss is assembled on the ground - a ready-made triangle of tie rods and rafter legs with all the required struts and racks. The required number of farms is assembled immediately. Then they are lifted to the roof, placed vertically there and attached to the Mauerlat.

On the one hand, this is convenient - it’s easier to work on the ground, with high speed Assembly accuracy is high: one truss is not much different from another, which simplifies the procedure. But raising ready-made farms can be difficult, especially for large buildings. To make this easier, install two inclined boards, one end of which rests on the ground, and the other sticks out slightly above the wall. The trusses are brought closer to this “lift”, one at a time they are installed below, ropes are tied and pulled along the boards onto the roof. If there is no winch or crane, this is the most acceptable method.

Assembling rafters requires certain knowledge: how and in what order to install them, how to mark and make cuts. Watch the video for assembling one of the headstock circuits.

The procedure for assembling the rafter system

That’s it, the gable roof is assembled with your own hands and is ready for installation of roofing material.

The process of installing rafters itself raises enough questions, but there are many ways and it is impossible to tell about them all. Watch one of them in the video. The system was large and was lifted to the roof in parts, and then assembled into a single structure. For big houses it's comfortable.

Features of installation of the rafter system of a wooden house

Difference wooden houses is that the log house shrinks, and this leads to a change in the geometry of the rafter system. If the elements are fastened tightly, the roof may fall apart. Therefore, the fastenings are made floating. There are special sliding fasteners, which in this case are used to secure the rafters to the upper crown and to the purlins, if any (see photo).

In order for the rafter to move freely during shrinkage, its long part is fastened strictly parallel to its edge, and placed strictly perpendicular to the support. If necessary, a platform is cut out for it. Mark the fastening so that the hook is in the lowest position or near it. They are attached to special self-tapping screws that are included in the kit (regular ones do not fit). If installation is carried out on a log, so that rafter leg not slip on it, a semicircular hole is cut out in the lower part on which it will rest.

Such fasteners are sold on any construction market, they are called “slipper”. Watch the video to see how to attach the slider to the beam.

Video on assembly and installation of gable roof rafter system

Building a gable roof with your own hands is not easy: there are a lot of subtleties and nuances, there are different methods of fastening and extension. Describing them in words is a thankless task. This is the case when it is better to see. Below you will find a selection of videos that may be useful to you.

Video report on how a gable roof is made

The house owner's story about the stages of construction. There are interesting technical points, which may be useful.

Two types of rafter connections: rigid and sliding

Video about the two most problematic types of connections.

How to determine the angle of rafters

Full video report on the assembly of the rafter system

This film takes just under an hour, but the process is demonstrated from start to finish in great detail. The roof is placed on, but when installed on buildings of another type (except wooden houses) there is no difference.