Small bathhouse for a summer residence. Dimensions. Do-it-yourself bathhouse at the dacha photo projects. Step-by-step instruction. Log walls

Almost every owner land plot, sooner or later, thinks about building a bathhouse. After all, the bathhouse is not just a room for washing, but also important element country holiday. The construction of a turnkey bathhouse can be ordered from professionals for a tidy sum, or you can try to build a bathhouse with your own hands.

After reading this article, you will be able to choose a project, find out the sequence of the construction process, get acquainted with boiler models and find the best bathhouse option for your dacha.

Before starting construction, it is necessary to develop a bathhouse design. To do this, you don’t have to contact an architect; you can develop a simple project yourself, especially since there are now many computer programs for design.
Think about what size bathhouse will be optimal for your family. What rooms will be located inside the bathhouse? What materials to make the foundation, walls and roof from, do not forget also about finishing the bathhouse. An important point in design, is the placement of the boiler and the method of firing it.
Below you can see popular bathhouse projects:

• • The design of the bathhouse is 4x4 meters in size.

• • Bathhouse design - 4x6 meters.

• • Bathhouse design - 5x6 meters.

• • Bathhouse design – 6x3 meters.

• Bathhouse design - 3x3 meters.

Once you have decided on the size and materials for the bath, you need to create a cost estimate.

Foundation

To build a bathhouse, several types of foundations are used. Depending on the weight of the walls and soil characteristics, the following types of foundations are made:

• Slab foundation.
• Columnar foundation for light walls.
• Pile foundation.
• Concrete strip foundation.

As practice has shown, the most reliable foundation for almost all types of soil is a concrete strip foundation reinforced with reinforcement.

For the production of tape reinforced foundation for the bath you will need:

• Cement.
• Sand.
• Gravel.
• Fittings.
• Formwork.
• Ruberoid.
• Wire.
• Shovels.
• Concrete mixer.
• Tourniquet.
• Stakes.
• Tools (pliers, hammer, tape measure and others).

In the place chosen for building a bathhouse, mark a trench for the future foundation. To mark, use a tourniquet stretched between the pegs. The width of the trenches is based on the weight of the wall material. For one-story bathhouse made of wood or brick, it is enough to make a trench 30-40 centimeters wide. After installing the markup, do the following:

1. Using the markings as a guide, dig a trench 50-80 centimeters deep.
2. Compact the bottom of the trench and fill it with water to shrink the soil.
3. Cover the bottom of the trenches with roofing felt for waterproofing.
4. Fill the trench with gravel to a third of its depth.
5. Install formwork along the edges of the trench.
6. Make a frame reinforcing the foundation from reinforcement bars tied together with wire.
7. Install the reinforcement cage into the formwork.
8. Use a concrete mixer to make cement mortar in the proportion: one part cement to one part sand and two parts gravel.
9. Pour cement into the formwork, being careful not to allow any air voids.
10. After the concrete has dried, remove the formwork.

The foundation for the bathhouse is ready!

Walls

The following materials are used for the construction of walls:

• Wooden beam.
• Logs.
• Boards.
• Brick.
• Blocks from various building mixtures(cinder block, aerated concrete, wood concrete, and so on).

Since the construction of a bathhouse from logs or bricks is already quite widely described on the Internet, let's consider the construction option frame bath from timber 15x15 and 5x10 centimeters and boards with a section of 2x15 centimeters:

1. 1. Make the bottom trim; to do this, take bars with a cross-section of 15x15 cm and install them on the foundation, connecting them together with special metal plates and corners. There is another way to connect bars, by cutting out tenons and grooves at their ends and then fastening them with screws or nails. When making the strapping, do not forget to place waterproofing under the bars.
   2. Install vertical posts from 5x10 cm timber. The distance between the posts is usually 50-60 centimeters. First of all, determine the position of the window and doorways and install the racks framing them.
   3. While working, secure the already installed racks with temporary strips so that they do not warp.
   4. Make the top trim, securing it to the ends of the vertical posts.
   5. Making final fastening top harness, carefully monitor the position of the vertical posts, checking their evenness with a level.
   6. Be sure to strengthen all corner joints with diagonal posts, this will help prevent the frame from warping.
   7. Make the ceiling sheathing.
   8. After making the frame, make outer skin walls of the bathhouse with a board with a section of 2x15 centimeters. If you do not want gaps to appear between the boards, then make the sheathing - “overlap”, laying the bottom edge of the board on a nailed board. In appearance, this method resembles finishing walls with siding.

1. Having covered the outside of the bathhouse, proceed to installing the insulation. Sheets of foam or mineral wool are installed along the vertical posts of the frame.
2. On top of the insulation it is necessary to install a layer of vapor barrier, which is attached to the vertical posts using thin slats.
3. After installing the vapor barrier, carry out interior lining baths with clapboard or slats.
4. Insulate the ceiling by laying vapor barrier sheets on the inner lining, then insulation. Sheathe the ceiling from the outside with sheets of plywood.

Please note that the manufacture and insulation of the ceiling can also be done after the roof has been installed.

Roof

There are three types of roof for a bathhouse:

• Single-pitch.
• Gable.
• Complex - consisting of four or more slopes.

Usually the first two options are used for a bath. Let's look at the option of a gable roof covered with metal tiles:


The manufacture of the roof begins with the installation of the Mauerlat. In the case of frame walls, the role of the Mauerlat is performed by the upper outline.

1. Place the uprights on the bench.
2. Connect the posts using purlins and ties.
3. Install rafter legs, attaching them to the Mauerlat, purlin and connecting top ends between themselves. The distance between the rafters should be 50-60 centimeters.
4. Install sheets of metal tiles.
5. Sheath the gables wooden slats or sheet iron.

For a more visual understanding of the roof fastening, here is a drawing:


All dimensions of roof elements are given in the list:


Please note that the less you slope the roof, the more snow load it will bear in winter. Also, a small roof slope can lead to poor water drainage and leaks.

Floors

The design of the floor depends on the type of room. In the recreation room, ordinary wooden floors are made. In the washroom and steam rooms, the floors are made of two levels:

• The first level is made of concrete and has a slope towards the drain hole.
• The second level is a finished floor made of boards with gaps for draining water.

If you want to make a porcelain stoneware floor or tiles, then they are simply laid on the first level with a slope towards the drain hole.


In order to make a concrete floor and drain in a bathhouse you need:

1. In the center of the steam room and washing room, install plastic pipes 5-10 centimeters in diameter with a bell at the end. The pipes should go out through the foundation to the street and connect to the sewer system.
2. Lay down a layer of waterproofing material.
3. Spread a layer of gravel 10-15 centimeters thick over the entire area of ​​the rooms.
4. Make a cement mortar and pour the floor with a slope towards the hole installed on the drain pipe.
5. Install a grate over the drain hole to prevent debris from entering the drain.

At the second stage, wooden floors are made:

1. Install baths in all rooms wooden joists. Make the distance between the logs 30-40 centimeters. As logs you can use bars with a section of 3x5 cm or 4x6 cm.
2. Nail boards with a section of 2x15 cm or 5x20 cm onto the logs.
3. In rooms where water is expected to drain, leave gaps of 0.5-1 cm between the boards.

Do not forget, before installing wooden floors, to treat all parts with wood impregnation. When making floors, keep in mind that they should be higher or at the level top edge foundation.

Boiler

The boiler model for a sauna will largely depend on your financial capabilities and the fuel you will use for heating. If you know how to use welding, then you can make a simple boiler yourself from thick sheet iron. If you prefer more advanced colas with gas or electricity, you can purchase them from specialized companies.

The boiler in the steam room is installed in such a way that the combustion chamber is loaded with fuel either from the street or from the rest room (dressing room). The boiler itself, for fire safety purposes, is located 10-15 centimeters from the nearest walls. The walls, to the height of the boiler, are covered with sheets of iron. A good decision, will cover the boiler with bricks, thereby reducing its cooling time and protecting the walls from fire.

When installing a chimney for a boiler, Special attention Pay attention to the place where the pipe comes into contact with the ceiling. The opening for the chimney should be insulated with refractory material. Also, pay attention to the place where the chimney pipe exits through the roof. This area is usually prone to leakage, so it should be sealed thoroughly. Below are the options for boilers for baths:

• • Homemade boiler made from metal sheets.

• • A gas boiler.

• • Electric boiler.

• Solid fuel boiler.

Arrangement of the bathhouse

After the bathhouse is built, it is necessary to equip it:

• • Connect all available communications to the bathhouse - electricity, sewerage, water supply.

• • Place a sink, shower stall, light sources, and furniture for relaxation inside.

• • Decorate the walls of the steam room with shaped slats and make stepped shelves.

• Buy wooden tubs, buckets, ladles and brooms.

After arrangement, you can safely invite guests to take a steam bath in your personal bathhouse!

You can also watch the instructions for assembling a mini-sauna for a summer house without a foundation in the video:

Options for beautiful and unusual baths

Except traditional materials and design for the bath, there are many alternative solutions. Below we present photographs of the most unusual baths:

• Mobile sauna made of clapboard, built on a car trailer.

• Bath in a huge wine barrel.

• Bathhouse made of plastic bottles.

• The dugout bathhouse was built directly into the ground.

• A sauna housed in an iron container.

• Forest sauna made of untreated logs.

• A beautiful bathhouse made from a gun carriage.

• Bathhouse made of unedged boards.

At the end of the article, I would like to remind you that heating a bath is associated with fire and high temperatures. Therefore, when building a bathhouse from bricks, logs, cinder blocks or boards, pay great attention to fire safety. This warning also applies to electrical wiring, since the rooms inside the bathhouse have high humidity air and the risk of a short circuit due to condensation is very high.


We hope that reading our article will encourage you to build a bathhouse yourself!

A trip to the dacha is a joyful event, since there you can do some gardening or landscaping, and then relax by taking a steam bath, provided that there is one there. We will tell you how to properly make a bathhouse at your dacha with your own hands, demonstrate drawings, diagrams and photo instructions. It will take a lot of work, but it will be worth it.

In your imagination, you probably already see how you approach the bathhouse, open the door and find yourself in a warm and cozy dressing room, and then in the steam room. Yes! This is exactly what will happen, but a little later. First you need:

• choose suitable project;
• get acquainted with the stages of construction;
• purchase building materials;
• build a bathhouse and install all communications;
• do the interior finishing and only then worry about it.

If, after reading the introduction, you still have the desire to make a bathhouse at your dacha, then we will continue the topic, considering all stages of construction.

Choosing a place to build a bathhouse

Often summer cottages are no different large sizes, but in addition to personal preferences and convenience, there are also norms that must be adhered to. Let's look at preferences first.

1. It would be better to place the bathhouse on a hill, which would greatly simplify the organization of water drainage.
2. It’s good when the bathhouse is located next to a pond or river.
3. The rays of the setting sun penetrating into the steam room through the window will relieve stress, but at the same time it is necessary to make sure that the entrance to the bathhouse is clearly visible from the window country house. This way you can watch the heating of the bathhouse and the children, especially when a swimming pool is built in front of the entrance.
4. The bathhouse can be made as an extension to the house.

To avoid conflict situations with authorities or neighbors, you must comply with the requirements of SNiP 30-02-97. By paying attention to section 6, paragraphs 6, 7 and 8, you will find comprehensive information on the placement of a building on the site, but we will provide only the numbers that you will need in order to choose optimal place for a bath.

Taking into account fire safety measures for buildings located on opposite sides of the passage, you must adhere to the distances indicated in the table:

As for the requirements regarding distances to the neighboring site, they are also unambiguous.

It is also important to take into account the requirements for the location of buildings on your site - from garden house showers, baths and saunas must be located at a distance of at least 8 m.

By the way, failure to comply with these standards can lead to a lawsuit with a neighbor and the demolition or relocation of the bathhouse to another location.

Bathhouse project

When choosing a bathhouse project, it is important to consider the material from which it will be built. There can be several types of structure:

1. Frame bath.
2. Wooden bathhouse (made of timber or rounded logs).
3. Bathhouse made of brick, stone or blocks.
4. Wood concrete structure.

Having decided on the material, when choosing a project, make sure that it suits you according to all the criteria.

Material selection

So, having chosen a suitable project, you need to prepare building materials in accordance with its requirements.

• Most often, summer residents prefer to erect frame buildings, since they are the cheapest and successfully cope with their task. In addition, due to the low weight of such a structure, you won’t have to spend a lot on the foundation either.
• The most favorite buildings are wooden ones. The cost of such a building will be slightly higher, and the foundation will need to be made stronger, unlike a frame structure. Built in a country house is good wooden sauna does not need insulation.
• Stone and brick are rarely used to build a bathhouse in a country house. This is due to the fact that such a heavy structure requires a strong foundation, and the walls freeze during long absences and such a bathhouse needs to be heated for a long time. The exception is buildings made of foam and gas blocks. The requirements for the strength of the foundation are not so high, the walls are warm, but it is important to take into account that this building material is very hygroscopic, so it must be protected from moisture.
• Wood concrete is also often used in the construction of baths. The walls can be monolithic or built from blocks. The structure is warm, durable and inexpensive.

Wall materials

Since our article deals with several possible options using various building materials, we will consider them separately.

Frame structure

The walls of such a bath are made in a lattice structure. For the frame walls you will need:

• timber different sections, the dimensions and quantity of which are indicated in the project.
• Insulation material with high thermal insulation qualities for filling the frame. Again, you need to adhere to the requirements regarding the use of one or another insulation material, but here you need to take into account that the documentation often indicates one type of material, but not all possible ones. If the specified material is too expensive, then you can turn to the forums to find out what is acceptable in your region.
• Material for covering the frame outside and inside. Most often used for exterior cladding of buildings OSB boards, edged board, siding or block house, while lining is used on the inside.

Wooden sauna

For the construction of walls the following can be used:

• Natural debarked wood.
• Edged timber.
• Profiled timber.
• Glued laminated timber.
• Rounded log.

Bathhouse made of brick, stone or blocks

The walls of such a bath can be made of the following materials:

• Brick (ceramic or silicate).
• Stone (rubble, limestone, shell rock).
• Block (foam, slag, gas blocks).

Wood concrete structure

If you can buy sawdust inexpensively (or maybe you have your own), then it’s quite possible to make it at home arbolite blocks quite high quality. This building material is also available for sale in the form of ready-made blocks. The walls are erected very quickly. Another advantage of using wood concrete is the possibility of producing monolithic walls by pouring cement-bonded mortar into the formwork.

Materials for the ceiling in the bathhouse

The dressing room and rest room are warm rooms, so it is recommended to use materials with low thermal conductivity - aspen, linden or alder.

For ceiling cladding, it is preferable to use steam rooms wooden lining, as it can withstand high temperatures. Products made from pine or spruce cannot be used in this room; when heated, resin begins to release from this wood. You can't hem the ceiling either. fiberboard sheets and chipboard, since moisture and high temperature contribute to the release of vapors that can cause harm to human health.

Materials for insulation and vapor barrier

It is advisable to carry out external insulation only if the bathhouse is heated. It is unlikely that anyone will do such a luxury at their dacha, so we are considering materials for the internal insulation of an unheated bathhouse.

The frame bath does not need to be insulated, since the thermal insulation is built into the structure. IN wooden bath you need to make a sheathing into which the insulation will be inserted. Other types of baths require insulation using more complex technology.

To complete the work, you will need mineral wool, the thickness of which is selected depending on the material used in the construction of the bathhouse and climatic conditions. Usually a layer of at least 50 mm is laid. The insulation can be in the form of mats or in rolls.

As for vapor barrier, it is important to know that it is not waterproofing. Each has its own purpose. Even an inexpensive vapor barrier will fulfill its role, while waterproofing used for other purposes can negate all the work.

What you especially need to pay attention to is not to purchase a fake.

Decoration Materials

Since we are talking about a bathhouse in the country, we will not talk about luxurious types of decoration. The best option There will be the use of wood: lining or similar facing materials.

As for exterior finishing, it can be any material that is used for cladding houses. If the bathhouse is made of rounded logs, then it would be unreasonable to close the beautiful facade something else.

Construction of a bathhouse

Now let's look at how you can build a bathhouse in your country house with your own hands. It is clear that the work will be easier to complete with an assistant, who may be one of the family members. At the initial stage of work, some tasks can be given to children. Of course, they will not do everything and not as quickly as we would like, but if they feel that they are needed, then they will then be more careful about the bathhouse built with their participation.

But let’s be realistic, small children will help a little, and if you build alone, it will be a long-term construction, especially since some work simply cannot be completed alone. As you read the article, you will see when and how many assistants may be needed - this will help you plan everything.

Marking

So, the plan has been chosen, the location has been decided, now let’s start marking the area. To do this, you need to transfer the outline of the bathhouse to the area in accordance with the scale specified in the project. In the place where the corner of the building will be located, a long peg (or reinforcement) is driven in, and the lengths of two walls located at an angle of 90° are measured from it. The next pegs are driven in there, and the distances of other walls are measured from them. Finally, the last, fourth peg is driven in.

Now that there is a designated perimeter of the future building, you need to check how straight the corners are. To do this, you need to check along the axes - measure the distance from one peg to another. The received data must match. If this is not the case, then the plane must be shifted, “shortening” the longest axis. After this, you will need to check not only the axes, but also other dimensions, and, if necessary, adjust again.

If the foundation is strip, then a small discrepancy can be left, but for a pile or column foundation, the markings must be very accurately done.

So we designated the dimensions of the bathhouse in accordance with the design data. Further marking is carried out depending on what the foundation will be. More details about this can be found in the table.

Weigh the pros and cons, and then accept final decision regarding the choice of foundation type.

Pouring the foundation

Manufacturing of shallow strip foundation acceptable under the following conditions:

1. The soil on the site is dry and non-flowing.
2. Level groundwater quite low.
3. IN winter period The frosts are not very severe.
4. The buildings are not heavy.

Don't try to guess the type of foundation for a heavy structure. If you are not sure, then invite specialists who, after performing the appropriate checks, will give an accurate answer.

Let's start with the simpler and most often made shallow foundation for a bathhouse.

• We have the external markings, now we need to complete the internal ones, taking into account that the width of the foundation must be at least 50 cm, and must protrude beyond the building by 5-10 cm on each side. Therefore, if the bathhouse is 3x4 m, then largest size along the outer perimeter it will be 3.2x4.2 m.
• It is important to take into account the installation location of the stove and at the same time make a foundation for it.
• For convenience, you need to install wooden structures similar to benches in the corners. They need to be aligned in the same plane according to the height of the future formwork and a measuring cord should be attached to them. How to do this is shown in the illustration.

• Need to remove fertile upper layer soil and put it aside, then dig a trench, the clay from which can then be used as bedding.
• As for the depth of the trench, in some cases it can be 35 cm. Much depends on the depth of freezing and the soil itself. You need to get to the bottom of the solid clay layer and under no circumstances stop on the ground. Therefore, most often the depth is within the range of 50–60 cm.
• The bottom of the trench must be leveled by checking its horizontalness with a level.
• Now it’s time for the sand bedding. You need to pour a layer of sand at least 15 cm thick inside the trench, moisten it with water and compact it well. For this, it would be more convenient to use a vibrating rammer, but you can also do it manually, using a heavy block with handles nailed to it.
• The next layer is filled with crushed stone of the middle fraction and is also carefully compacted.
• Now it’s the turn of the formwork, the height of which should reach stretched cord. It can be made from scrap materials or timber harvested for other purposes, since this temporary structure will be dismantled shortly after the foundation is poured. The finished shields must be installed along the trench and secured well, otherwise the poured concrete may move them out of place.

• In order not to stain the boards, and to prevent concrete from leaking out through the cracks, the formwork is covered from the inside with plastic film, which must be secured with a stapler or thin nails.
• Now you need to make a frame from metal or plastic reinforcement, fastened with knitting wire.

• The manufactured frame should not reach the edges by 5 cm. It must be carefully lowered into the trench so as not to tear the film protecting the formwork. To raise the frame above the bedding, you need to place pieces of granite under it, since, unlike brick, it will not crumble when exposed to moisture.
• If any communications will pass through the foundation, then you need to leave holes for them; sleeves will help with this, as was done in the photo above. The same applies to the manufacture of products.
• Plan your time so that you can pour the foundation with concrete in a day, since breaks are not allowed here - then the tape will not be monolithic. It is convenient to deliver the concrete with a mixer and pour it directly from it, otherwise it will have to be mixed in a concrete mixer, on the basis that you will need 1 bucket of M400 cement, 3 sand, and 5 buckets of crushed stone (or gravel).
• The foundation poured with concrete should be compacted with a vibrator or pinned. After shrinkage, you need to add a little concrete and level the site. If a basis is made for wooden house, then the foundation bolts must be fixed in the uncured concrete.
• No earlier than a week later the formwork can be removed.

It should be remembered that the concrete has not yet reached its full strength, so it must be handled with care or wait 28 days, and only then build a bathhouse.

Video: building a foundation for a bathhouse

Wall masonry

When building a bathhouse from blocks, stone or brick, you need to level the foundation with cement-sand mortar and lay roofing felt on it, folded in half. Masonry starts from the corners. Having installed the first blocks on the cement-sand mortar, you need to make sure that they are in the same plane and only after that a string is stretched along the upper outer edge, which serves as a guide for laying a whole series of building materials.

When laying the next row, the masonry mixture may differ: on cement-sand mortar a wall is erected from brick and shell rock, while mixtures recommended by the manufacturer are used for laying lightweight blocks.

Having installed the lintels above the doors and windows, you need to install the formwork on top and make an armored belt, securing the foundation bolts in it for subsequent fastening of the Mauerlat board. After the concrete has hardened, it will be possible to begin making the roof.

Construction of a bath frame

The basis of such a bathhouse is a wooden frame, which is insulated and sheathed with various types of finishing materials. You need to choose high-quality materials and follow the sequence of their installation.

To make the frame, you will need boards made of well-dried larch, aspen or linden, because this wood has low thermal conductivity. The manufactured shields will be resistant to deformation.

On the foundation, a lower frame frame is made from 100×100 mm timber. At the ends of the bars you need to make cuts half the thickness and fasten them together with self-tapping screws. If 50×100 mm bars are used, then the frame can be assembled end-to-end using metal corners. The dimensions of the bar used depend on the type of foundation, design and size of the bathhouse.

• At the next stage, the end trim board is installed, and the floor joists are attached right next to it. A timber of 50×100 mm is used.
• On the opposite side, the logs are cut so that a second end trim board can be installed.
• The logs need to be arranged so that the prepared insulation becomes closely between them, then the end trim boards are nailed.
• The wall frame is assembled from 50x100 mm timber, and then installed in place, all parts are fastened into a single structure.

To ensure vapor barrier of a frame bath, you need to use a vapor barrier film, which will avoid the accumulation of moisture inside the frame. Mineral wool or fiberglass is used as thermal insulation material. They are able to provide high level sealing without disturbing natural air exchange.

It is preferable to carry out insulation and wall cladding after installation of the roof. This approach will protect the wood and insulation from getting wet.

Floor

If in a frame bath all that remains is to insulate the floor and lay floorboard, then for other buildings you will have to work harder - you need to install joists, make a subfloor, fix a vapor barrier, lay insulation, perform waterproofing, lay a floorboard, which will have to be replaced in a few years. Considering that the dacha at the dacha will not be thoroughly dried due to lack of time for this, because after the weekend you will need to quickly leave for the city, then if there is such an opportunity, it would be preferable to make a concrete floor and cover it with tiles. They stack on it wooden boards, which can be taken out to dry in the barn and safely go home.

It is clear that for frame and other buildings installed on a columnar or pile foundation, only a wooden floor with insulation is acceptable. This process is described in more detail in the next two videos.

Video: how to install floor beams, make insulation and ensure drainage in the bathhouse

Roof construction

Above any bathhouse there should be reliable roof, but the options for creating it may be different. In any case, you need to lay waterproofing and then thermal insulation, think about the type of roof and the choice of suitable roofing material. Without waterproofing, steam will easily penetrate into the attic and, settling on beams and rafters, will contribute to their rapid destruction. In addition, formed on roofing material condensation will begin to flow onto the insulation, which will affect the properties and durability of the latter.

The type of terrain has a great influence on the choice of roofing type, since it is necessary to take into account technical specifications buildings.

• So, in a holiday village, especially when it is located among tall trees, you can safely make a high gable roof.
• If the dacha is located in steppe zone, blown by all the winds, then the slope for the roof should be minimal.
• For small bath sizes and minor snow load the roof can be made pitched. The same roof is most often made on a bathhouse attached to the house.

Video: how to make a bathhouse roof

Interior and exterior decoration

Although for interior decoration Wood is most often used; not all wood is suitable for this purpose. It is necessary to choose the right material, especially for a steam room, in which a high temperature is created with high humidity. It should be said right away that pine lumber, as well as fiberboard, chipboard and linoleum, cannot be used to decorate this room. Therefore, you need to purchase lining made of larch or linden.

As for other rooms, the conditions there are not so extreme, and therefore there are no such high requirements for the material used - what cannot be used in a steam room is perfect for a relaxation room and dressing room. Pine lining in the dressing room will exude a pleasant aroma and create a feeling of comfort.

Wood finishing and brick bath clapboard is performed almost identically. First, the sheathing is attached to the wall, and then the lining is attached to it. An exception is the steam room, in which there should be heat-reflecting foil under the lathing.

Exterior finishing is done not only to make the bathhouse beautiful, but also to protect it. To decorate the outside of the bath, you can use the following materials:

• Imitation of timber.
• Siding.
• Lining.
• Block house.
• Facade tiles.
• Dye.

All you have to do is choose suitable material and finish the façade.

Ventilation in the bath

Sometimes there is also the opinion that good ventilation in the steam room is useless, since all the heat comes out through it, and it is made very weak, or it is absent altogether. But there is another extreme, when the ventilation process is not controlled, and heat evaporates from the bathhouse. It is very hot in such a steam room at the top, and your feet are cold.

In fact, during bathing procedures, the air in the room should be renewed 2-3 times per hour, but this is not enough, since ventilation must be done correctly. Usually inlet located below near the boiler, and the exhaust under the ceiling on the opposite side. While the steam room is warming up, the exhaust window is closed. Then it opens and warm air begins to rapidly escape from the room. As a result, the steam room becomes cool and uncomfortable. You can make ventilation, as in the diagram.

This device allows you to hold back warm air under the ceiling, and half-cooled air comes out through the hole located below (B), so it will be comfortable in the steam room. When you need to thoroughly ventilate the steam room, the upper ventilation hole (A) opens.

In addition to the steam room, ventilation is necessary in every room of the bathhouse. In order not to waste precious heat, you can make it possible to close ventilation holes during those hours when there is no need for ventilation.

Furniture

You can make the canopy and all the furniture for a country bathhouse yourself. If you don’t want to make anything else, then there are many offers online for selling everything you need for your garden.

If you really want to save on furniture, you can review old stocks. Maybe there is something that needs repair, but you just can’t get around to it? After a little restoration, such furniture can last for a considerable period. The main requirement is not to use furniture made of chipboard, as this material will deteriorate very quickly from high humidity.

Scheme

Photo: original baths

- This is a difficult but completely doable undertaking. First of all, the owner must choose the appropriate material for constructing a bathhouse.

Choosing a place to build a bathhouse

Start with a choice suitable place for the location of the building. The following recommendations will help you with this:

Before starting any construction activities, prepare a bathhouse project.

Define optimal size structures. One vacationer must have at least 5 m2 of the total area of ​​the building. For example, if you are building a bathhouse for 4 people, its area should be at least 20 m2.

The standard sauna consists of a steam room, washing department, dressing room and rest room. Set the dimensions and features of the spatial arrangement of the listed premises that are convenient for you.

Prepare the following drawings:

You can make all these drawings yourself or find them in an open source. In general, timber bathhouse projects remain almost the same. If you have the desire and a sufficient budget, order the preparation of drawings from a professional.

Materials for building a bathhouse

To build a bathhouse from timber you will need a whole set various materials and devices, namely:

• timber Traditionally, material with a cross section of 150x150 mm is used;

  

• floor boards. The best option– four-meter edged board 15x5 cm;

  

• boards for the ceiling. Typically, lining is used with a width of 10 cm and a thickness of 2 cm;

  

• materials for interior decoration. The lining is perfect;

  

• vapor barrier material. The best option is modern vapor barrier films;

  

• waterproofing material. If possible, use penofol. Plastic film is also suitable;

  

• insulation for the ceiling. Mineral wool materials are well suited;

  

• sheet asbestos. With it you isolate wooden elements buildings from high temperatures. Sheets of insulation must be attached to the walls near sauna stove. Wooden elements installed in close proximity to the chimney also need insulation;

  

• bulk materials for arrangement. The set is standard: cement, sand and crushed stone;

  

• material for finishing roofs. Focus on your preferences. The main thing is that the roof of the bathhouse looks good surrounded by the roofs of other buildings on the site;
  
  

  

• insulation for inter-crown space. Use jute. Tow and moss are also suitable.

  

It is best to start building a bathhouse in the spring, because... After completing the main activities, the wood will need to be left for a six-month “wintering”. During this time, the material will dry and shrink as required.

Buy cement immediately before starting construction.

Bathhouse Construction Guide

The work is carried out in stages - from preparation construction site before equipping the bathhouse with various accessories.

First stage - Preparing the area

Clear construction site from various kinds debris, bushes, large roots and, in general, anything that can interfere with the foundation stage.

Stage two – Pouring the foundation

Attach furring boards to the rafters. Lay hydro-, heat- and vapor barrier materials; insulation of the bathhouse is one of the most important elements of its construction; the quality of the built bathhouse will directly depend on this. Install the selected roofing finish.

Prices for various types of timber

Fourth stage – Internal equipment

Start by arranging the necessary communications.

You should take care of installation at the stage of creating the foundation. To do this, create a pit or drainage well outside the bathhouse, connected to the bathhouse by a pipe laid with a slope.

After completing the sewerage installation, make the floor. It can be concrete or wood. Concrete floors are usually tiled. This coating is more durable.

Wooden floors are traditionally made to leak. The technology is extremely simple: logs are installed, floor boards are nailed to them with some clearance. You can also create a small hatch to drain waste and cover it with a perforated grill. Paul in in this case must be done with some bias. As a result, moisture from the floor will fall into the hatch, and from there through the pipe will be discharged into a drainage well or pit.

To ensure that the wood lasts as long as possible, thoroughly ventilate the bathhouse after each visit.

Insulate the ceiling and walls of the building using suitable moisture, heat and vapor barrier materials. Install doors and double glazed windows. Provide running water and electricity to the bathhouse. Install the necessary electrical appliances.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Fifth stage – Oven and shelves

Select the design of the shelves at your discretion. They are built in the same order: first, a supporting frame is mounted from a strong beam, after which boards are nailed to the supports.

Also choose the oven at your discretion. You can lay out a traditional one, install a convenient metal unit, or a modern electric heater.

Heavy stoves require the installation of an individual foundation. At this point, everything is also determined separately, taking into account the characteristics of a particular furnace.

Prices for different types of stones for stoves

Stones for stoves

Stage six - Additional accessories

In conclusion, all you have to do is add your country bathhouse various kinds of accessories, namely:

• brooms;
• wooden mug for adding water;
• buckets;
• various kinds of wooden gratings, etc.

The interior arrangement of the additional rooms of the bathhouse is left to your discretion.

Good luck!

Prices for accessories for baths and saunas

Accessories for baths and saunas

Video - Do-it-yourself bathhouse in the country

Today, the bathhouse is increasingly gaining popularity among people rushing in the cycle of modern life.

The beneficial properties of bath procedures on the human body have long been proven by science, which is why many owners of personal plots strive to build this structure in their yard.

This article brings to your attention material with which you will become familiar with modern approaches used in construction for these premises.

For visual convincing, just look at the selection of photos that show ready-made solutions concerning the construction of the entire frame and interior decoration.

Types of bath projects

Any construction begins with a project that will allow you to imagine what the final appearance of this structure will be and how much necessary materials you will need for this.

In addition, the development of the project includes such parameters as the choice of location for construction, dimensions, as well as information about the decor and design used.

The most common types of bathhouse projects are:

• Construction of a 3*3 m structure, consisting of a standard set of premises - a dressing room and a steam room;
• Construction of a 3*5 m structure, here a recreation room with a small kitchen is added to the standard set of premises;

• A plan with dimensions of 4 * 4 m implies the presence of a terrace in addition to the type described above;
• The design of a bathhouse with dimensions 5 * 4 includes the entire complex of premises of a modern steam room, which may also have a separate toilet, game room, as well as a salt room.

Basically, the choice of project depends on the available space on personal plot and financial capabilities.

Choosing a foundation for a bath

Often, during the construction of this structure, one of three main types of foundation is used. It can be a strip, column or pile foundation.

Tape. It is the most common type of foundation for the construction of most structures, including a bathhouse.

The advantage of this foundation is that it can withstand heavy loads, therefore, if your future building will have relatively impressive dimensions made of brick, then this option the foundation is ideal for construction.

Columnar. It has distinctive features associated with the simple construction of this foundation and small financial investments, mainly used for relatively light timber structures.

It is erected exclusively in places where heavy loads occur, which mainly occur at the corners of the building and at the intersection of load-bearing structures.

Pile. This type of foundation is necessary for those who are forced to build their bathhouse on “moving” soil.

This is a reliable type with a rather labor-intensive construction process, and is justified precisely in those regions in which it dominates this type soil.

Mistakes made when building a bathhouse

Despite the existence of a developed project and the seriousness of the attitude towards this matter, mistakes still occur that are characteristic of a person when building with his own hands.

It is necessary to pay attention to following points during construction.

Proper planning of the size of the interior spaces is necessary. A bathhouse designed for 2-3 people should not be less than 10 m2;

An acceptable ceiling height for such a structure is considered to be 2-2.5 m. If the figure deviates downward from this figure, visitors will feel discomfort, and if it deviates upward, there will be an overconsumption of coolants;

It is recommended to choose materials used to build a bathhouse in a country house or garden that are lightweight and energy-saving.

Particular attention must be paid to the main bath equipment. It should not only look beautiful, but also meet all safety standards for such structures.

Photo of a bathhouse at a summer cottage

Sooner or later, every self-respecting lover of country holidays has a bathhouse in their dacha. This is not even a whim, but an important element of relaxation, a severe necessity for a summer resident. At the same time, it is not necessary to set up a standard steam room of five square meters in order to steam and wash; it is enough to build a bathhouse in a mini-format at the dacha, with a usable area of ​​6-12 m2.

Bathhouse at the dacha: projects

A small-sized washing station at the dacha has always been a favorite object of creativity. Each private owner was looking for his own version of building a small bathhouse at the dacha with his own hands, projects for foundations and finishing of premises. There are many projects, but almost all of them are tied to the specific location of the site and the main building.

Among the universal options, the following schemes are most often used:

• The most affordable version of the wash compartment is compact sauna for a summer residence in the form of an extension to the main building;
• The most common frame mini bath with insulation and wall covering with clapboard;
• Full-fledged timber construction with a dedicated separate room washing department;
• The most affordable mini-sauna for a summer residence to build with your own hands from edged boards is forty.

The last option is good because it can be built on almost any spot summer cottage in five to seven days. This design will last three to four years without any problems, until the time comes to build a real bathhouse.

Small sauna for a summer house made of roofing boards

The main advantage of such a bath is its low cost and large interior space. Most of the box is allocated to a utility block, where firewood and garden equipment are stored; the steam room and dressing room occupy approximately 2/3 of the room.

The use of board panels significantly weakens the walls, so according to the project, the bathhouse box at the dacha is supposed to be built on a strip or slab foundation. Such a temporary shed can be built on a purchased plot with old dacha. While they're walking renovation work, in the bathhouse you can steam and store required material and tools.

The walls inside the bathhouse are lined with thermal insulation, possibly mineral wool and aluminum foil. To prevent water from flowing inside, you can build a canopy or cover the boards with thick plastic film, at least 0.2 mm thick, on pre-stuffed counter-lattice slats.

The simplest version of a mini bath for a summer residence

Sometimes owners of a summer cottage prefer to build a steam room directly next to the wall of the house. Essentially, this is a universal cabin made of boards and timber, in which you can steam or shower at the same time.

It is clear that it is possible to build a single-seat sauna box only if a brick stove is built in the dacha room, in close proximity to the wall.

To heat up a mini sauna at your dacha, you can use a flame pipe made of thick stainless or alloy steel. The part facing the oven is laid bath stone to a depth of at least 40 cm. A water tank with a dropper is installed above the heater; a stream of steam warms up the cabin in 10 minutes.

What is interesting about this bathhouse project for a summer cottage:

• It can be built in a day, and the body of the bathhouse is best made from pine boards - forty;
• Cabin does not require additional foundation or insulation. You only need to build a shower tray with a wooden drain;
• The time to prepare the bath is no more than 10 minutes, during which time the walls and water in the shower tank have time to heat up.

Instead of a fire oven, you can build a steam generator or use an industrial model for apartment saunas. A tank with water for showering is installed in the upper part of the bathhouse cabin. A built-in electric heater is used for heating. It is most convenient to build a room with an exit from the bathhouse to the covered veranda of the dacha, then you can steam in any weather.

Classic mini bath project

For a dacha with a plot of at least 10-12 acres, standard frame and timber mini-baths designed for two to three people are most often chosen.

One of the layout options bath room for the dacha is shown in the diagram below.

For your information! A feature of the layout of such a mini bath is the minimum number of internal partitions.

In small boxes of 2.5x2.5 m, building a rest room is useless and pointless, what kind of rest can there be?

Need to leave small dressing room 2 x 0.7 m. This is enough to fold things, sit, and here you can store a supply of firewood, from which it is convenient to heat the stove.

Both types of bathhouses are built on a columnar or bored foundation. Building a frame bathhouse with your own hands for a summer residence is much easier and faster, although somewhat more expensive due to large quantities insulation.

Building a bathhouse in a dacha from timber will cost 20% less, but you will need to build a pile foundation and seriously tinker with the shrinkage of the walls. At least once a season, the intervention seams will need to be stamped with tow. It is possible to build a box with a ventilated facade, but this type of bathhouse cladding is rarely used for a summer residence.

Location Features

Except successful project boxes, you will need to choose the right place in the country where you can build a bathhouse without occupying the most valuable areas of the territory. On the other hand, the steam room should be located at a sanitary distance from the dacha house in order to ensure a fire safety distance and a minimum of smoke in the area in front of the house.

A typical design for a simple mini bath involves building a room in the space between the remote toilet and the dacha building.

The second option is the most common. In this case, the structure is placed as far away from the house as possible, preferably closer to shrubs or trees that shield the box from the wind.

A bathhouse can be built in the so-called sanitary zone of the dacha, while the site for the foundation, even without taking into account the height of the piles, should be higher drain hole or septic tank.

How to build a sauna at your dacha with your own hands

First of all, you need to decide on the material and method of constructing the walls. The design of the foundation depends on this, which in any case will need to be built a couple of weeks before the walls of the bathhouse are erected. If the structure is framed, then MZLF is placed under the bath box, for timber version you will need to make a pile foundation.

Material selection

Most summer residents believe that a bathhouse can be built from the remains of building materials left over from the construction of a house. Actually this is not true:

• The walls and frame must be built from high-quality material, best of all timber and planks;
• For filing the subfloor and ceiling baths, you can use trimmings, chain link, slab, any leftover lumber that has undergone sanitary and fire protection treatment;
• It is best to build a foundation for a bathhouse from asbestos-cement pipes, or cast bored supports; for these purposes, pieces of old reinforcement, pieces of roofing felt and the remains of cement of any brand will do;
• The tray and stove screen can be built from any red brick. It is better to buy the sauna stove itself ready-made or cook it from a 50-liter household propane cylinder.

Roofing, wiring, pipes for the chimney and sewerage, wall insulation and ventilation system must be purchased new. Any attempt to build a bathhouse, for example, using old wall insulation, usually results in the steam room being cold and drafty from all sides.

Foundation

The easiest and cheapest way is to build a bored columnar foundation. If you plan to build a bathhouse on rocky ground, then you can get by with pillars made of ordinary red brick or cinder block; for a 3x4 box you will need to build at least 12 pieces.

The dimensions of the brick supports are 30x30 cm, the height of the pillars is selected so that there is an air gap of at least 30-40 cm between the subfloor of the bathhouse and the ground. It is clear that it is possible to build on pillars only if the topography of the dacha site has a slope of no more than 7° . Otherwise, you will need to plan the installation point for the supports, dig the pads to a depth of 30 cm and fill them with a mixture of sand and fine gravel screenings.

To build a pile base, you will need 10-11 piles, screw models from metal pipes for small-sized buildings in the countryside they are rarely used because of the high cost. Most often, following the marking of the foundation, ten holes are drilled with a garden drill to the freezing depth, asbestos-cement pipes are clogged and filled with concrete. Half an hour after pouring, wire or pins are placed in each pile under tying the pile field with timber.

Construction of walls

Mini saunas made of timber have the greatest strength of all wooden structures. It is important to be able to correctly lay the first crown of timber laid on the waterproofing of the foundation.

The timber must be leveled horizontally and re-treated with protective impregnation. First, the box is assembled and the floor beams are laid, only then the windows and doorways are cut out with a chainsaw.

The box of a frame bathhouse for a summer residence is easier to build. In the corners of the trim, vertical posts made of 100x100 mm timber are installed, leveled and sewn together with crossbars and temporary struts, whatever is available at the dacha. Next, the ceiling slabs are laid, and the lintels and frames of future windows are filled. The rough walls of the bathhouse are sewn on with boards, slabs or any available lumber available at the dacha.

Then thermal insulation is laid, first foil polyethylene foam, then mineral wool and film insulation. External walls are traditionally covered with clapboard or plastic panels.

Roof

Initially, you will need to insulate the ceiling. To do this, a pair of longitudinal cranial bars are sewn onto the lower edge of each ceiling beam laid earlier. Next, along the timber guides, a rough ceiling is assembled from scraps of slabs and boards available at the dacha. It is covered with a vapor barrier and laid with mineral fiber slabs, covered with polyethylene.

The next step is to lay the baths on the walls rafter beams. The roof can be built in single-slope version, since the strength of the frame is large enough to withstand any amount of snow.

For gable roofs all the parts - the ridge, pairs of rafters and gable sheathing - are assembled on the ground, successively raised to the ceiling and knocked down with nails and steel corners. The easiest way to build a roofing is from metal tiles, as they are the cheapest, most durable and easiest to install.

Finishing work

The interior of the bathhouse is always lined with clapboard. The dressing room is sheathed with pine clapboard or tongue-and-groove boards, the ceiling and steam room are covered with linden or aspen slats.

Adjacent to the stove wooden structures it is necessary to treat it several times with a fire retardant solution and dry thoroughly. The shower compartment is best lined with plastic. Pine or aspen is laid on the floor. All finishing inside the summer cottage bathhouse is treated with a special oil that prevents the absorption of condensation and water vapor.

Communications and heating

Usually, in a dacha, water supply is not installed for a small bathhouse. Instead of a centralized water supply, a water tank is installed in the waiting room, next to the firebox. This avoids problems with pipes freezing in the bathhouse.

The drainage system is equipped depending on the design of the floors. The bathhouse can be equipped with a drain floor system, as in the photo, or a separate shower tray.

Removal dirty water produced by gravity through a bellows elbow into the septic tank.

To heat baths and steam rooms, use metal stoves with brick screen. Most often, the loading window is located in the waiting room or outside. This helps avoid poisoning carbon monoxide penetrating through the firebox into the bathhouse when the draft drops. The stove must be placed on a foundation made of stone or brick. Heating the bath once is enough for 40-50 minutes. steam room operation.

Conclusion

The presence of a bathhouse in the country remains the same attribute suburban area, as well as a summer kitchen or a gazebo for relaxation. The design of the steam room and stove is constantly being repaired and improved; according to the reviews of the craftsmen, the process of alteration and completion never ends.