Presentation on the topic of finance in economics. Finance in economics. Banking system. Settlements between enterprises

Development of the presentation "Finance in Economics" Social studies 11th grade, basic level. Lesson plan: Finance, money and its functions, banking system, Credit.

Bank(from Italian Banco - bench) - This is a financial organization that has concentrated temporarily free funds of enterprises and citizens for the purpose of subsequently providing them as debt or credit for a certain fee.

Bank functions

- Reception and storage of deposits (money or securities deposited in a bank) by depositors.

Issuing funds from accounts and performing settlements between clients.

Placing collected funds by issuing loans or extending credit.

Purchase and sale of securities, currency.

Regulation of monetary circulation in the country, including the release (issue) of new money (a function of the Central Bank only).

The banking system includes:

• Central State Bank - pursues state policy in the field of emissions, credit, and monetary circulation.
• Investment banks - specialize in financing and long-term lending, investing in industry, construction and other sectors, as well as in securities.
• Mortgage banks - provide loans secured by property, most often real estate.
• Commercial banks - carry out financial and credit operations on a commercial basis.
• Savings banks - attract and store available funds, cash savings of the population, paying depositors a fixed percentage, which increases with increasing storage period.
• Innovative banks - credit innovations, i.e. ensure the development of innovations and the introduction of scientific and technical achievements.

In the modern world, the most common form of banking entrepreneurship is commercial Bank.

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"Presentation for the lesson "Finance in Economics""

PLAN:

Finance

Money, its functions

Banking system

Other financial institutions

Credit

What is finance?

• Finance is (from Latin financia – cash, income) the totality of funds considered in their creation and movement, and economic relations determined by mutual settlements between economic entities.

• Finance is a set of economic relations in the process of using funds.

Where can we see finance moving?

When receiving a loan from a bank

Transfer of payments to the budget

Payment of insurance premiums

Settlements between enterprises

Remuneration of employees

Allocation of appropriations

Money, its functions

• Money is a commodity that serves as a universal equivalent.
• Money is a specific commodity of maximum liquidity.

in the form of a stock of value that is deferred consumption (have the same value both now and in the future)

allow you to express the cost of goods and services in monetary units

intermediary in the exchange of goods and services

perform important functions in international business transactions, the function of world money today is performed by currency

Instrument of payment

Means of address

Storage medium

Measure of value

in case of sale of goods with deferred payment (sale of goods on credit), payment of wages, taxes, rental payments

World money

Basic functions of money

Banking system

• Banking system – a set of banks and other credit institutions and organizations operating in the country.

• Bank
• Bank - (from Italian banco - bench) is a financial organization that concentrates temporarily free funds of enterprises and citizens for the purpose of subsequently providing them as debt or credit for a certain fee.

Bank functions

• Reception and storage of deposits (from the Latin Depositum - deferred) (money or securities deposited in the bank) of depositors.
• Issuing funds from accounts and performing settlements between clients.
• Placing collected funds by issuing loans or extending credit.
• Purchase and sale of securities, currency.
• Regulation of monetary circulation in the country, including the release (issue) of new money (a function of the central bank only).

Banking system

• In countries with developed economies, two-tier banking systems have developed: the top level is the Central Bank; lower level – commercial banks and financial institutions

investment funds

financial companies

banks

TOP LEVEL

CENTRAL BANK

mutual funds

OTHER FINANCIAL AND CREDIT INSTITUTIONS

COMMERCIAL BANKS

pension funds

Insurance companies

savings banks

LOWER LEVEL

The main difference between the Central Bank and other banks

An economically independent institution with the right to propose new laws to the Russian Parliament

Only the Central Bank issues money: the issue of banknotes, which are currency - the Russian ruble

It has the largest monetary resources: international reserves - foreign currency, gold; internal reserves – required reserves of commercial banks.

Role of the Central Bank

Implementation of the monetary policy of the Russian Federation.

Lending to commercial banks.

Ensuring stable operations of banking and financial systems.

Maintaining the stability of the national monetary unit - the Russian ruble.

Storing cash and gold reserves.

Commercial banks

are

• a business enterprise organizing its own business.

directly serve

• enterprises, organizations, population, selling services to clients and making a profit

play a role

• financial intermediaries redistributing temporarily available funds

"workhorses" of the financial system

Bank operations

active operations passive operations

accepting deposits

provision

different

by timing

and sizes

loans

receiving

loans

release of own

tional prices

nal papers

Other financial institutions

Interstate

gift

new in-

institutes

Invest-

tional

companies

Pension Fund

Insurance

companies

Stock

exchanges

These are the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the International Bank for Economic Cooperation. They are engaged in financiers. and loans. different countries, promote global trade, assist in stabilizing the financial system of developing countries, etc.

They specialize in buying and selling securities. Shares and bonds of commercial banks are placed here. They “pour” funds into highly profitable sectors of the economy, supporting their development.

It is created by private and public companies and enterprises to pay pensions and benefits to persons making pension contributions to this fund.

Financial and credit institution that collects funds from private investors through the sale of securities to them

Organizations providing insurance services. They use funds from special insurance funds (contributions from enterprises and citizens).

They accumulate free funds and provide them to those who need additional capital investments.

Specialized banks

Engaged in lending to certain areas and sectors of economic activity

Investment banks

Mortgage banks

They specialize in financing and long-term lending, investing in industry, construction and other sectors, as well as securities

Provide loans secured by property, most often real estate

Specialized banks

Savings banks

Innovative banks

Attract and store free funds, cash savings of the population, paying depositors a fixed percentage, which increases with increasing storage period

Innovations are credited, i.e. ensure the implementation of scientific and technical achievements

Credit

Credit(Latin Credit – he believes) – This is a loan in cash or commodity form provided by the lender to the borrower on the terms of repayment, most often with the borrower paying interest for using the loan.

The loan performs the following functions:

• With the help of credit, funds are redistributed between firms, regions and industries. This allows you to productively use temporarily free funds.
• credit makes it possible to replace real money in circulation with credit money (banknotes) and credit transactions (non-cash payments), which leads to a reduction in circulation costs.

Lending principles

Lending principles

• - Urgency – The bank provides the borrower with money for a specified period.
• - Payment– the bank provides money for temporary use only for a fee (interest on the loan).
• - Recoverability – The bank carries out work to assess the borrower's creditworthiness, i.e. opportunity to repay the debt on time.
• - Warranty – The bank, assessing the borrower's creditworthiness, requires collateral from him.

The current state of the Russian banking system

• Credit organizations began to strive for greater transparency and openness to clients.

• Advanced business models, new banking technologies (client-bank, money transfer systems, debit and credit cards, etc.), various types of lending (consumer, mortgage, etc.) are being introduced.

Homework:

1 slide

2 slide

Lesson plan Introduction Banking system Financial institutions Inflation: types, causes and consequences Conclusion

3 slide

Introduction Finance is a set of economic relations in the process of using funds

4 slide

Banking system - a set of banks and other credit institutions and organizations operating in the country. Banking system CENTRAL BANK Commercial banks Other financial and credit institutions

5 slide

Main functions of the Central Bank: Implementing the monetary policy of the state Lending to commercial banks Ensuring the stable operation of the banking and financial systems Maintaining the stability of the national currency Storing reserves of cash and gold Banking system

6 slide

Types of commercial banks: Industry banks (serve certain sectors of the economy) Intersectoral banks (serve all sectors of the economy) Regional banks (serve certain regions of the country) Banking system

7 slide

Operations of a commercial bank: Passive – operations to mobilize monetary resources: accepting deposits; obtaining loans from other banks and the central bank; issuance of own securities Active - operations for the placement of funds: provision of loans of various terms and sizes Banking system

8 slide

Financial and credit institutions accumulate available funds and provide them to those who need additional capital or financial assistance Pension fund - a fund created by private and public companies, enterprises to pay pensions and benefits to persons making pension contributions to this fund Investment companies - financial - a credit institution that collects funds from private investors through the sale of their own securities Financial institutions

Slide 9

Insurance companies are organizations that provide insurance services designed to compensate for damage and losses due to accidents. Stock exchanges specialize in the sale and purchase of securities. Interstate financial and credit institutions: (World Bank, International Monetary Fund, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, etc.). They provide financing and lending to different countries, promote global trade, and assist in stabilizing the financial system. Financial institutions

10 slide

Inflation - The process of depreciation of money, which manifests itself in the form of a long-term increase in prices for goods and services (the volume of money supply increases significantly - the number of goods and services does not increase) Forms of inflation: Creeping inflation - inflation in which the rate of increase in prices for goods and services does not exceed 10-15% per year Galloping inflation - abrupt rise in prices Hyperinflation - inflation with a very high rate of price growth (more than 50% per month), the most severe form of economic crisis Inflation: types, causes and consequences

11 slide

Causes of inflation: -Demand inflation. It appears when demand exceeds supply, which leads to an increase in prices (the income of the population of enterprises grows faster than the real volume of goods and services) - Cost-push inflation occurs as a consequence of an increase in costs per unit of production. The level of production costs can be affected by changes in the amount of taxes on the manufacturer, an increase in salary, etc. Inflation: types, causes and consequences

12 slide

Anti-inflationary policy of the state: Long-term monetary policy - maintaining strict restrictions on annual increases in the money supply Reducing the state budget by increasing revenues and reducing state expenditures Anti-inflationary measures: - Stabilization and stimulation of production - Improving the tax system - Implementing measures to regulate prices and income Inflation: types , causes and consequences

Slide 13

Finance plays a huge role in the structure of market relations and the mechanism of their state regulation. Conclusion

Lessons No. 15-16

SOCIAL SCIENCE

Grade 11

Social studies teacher of Kastoreni secondary school No. 1 Danilov V.N.

F finances in economics

Lesson Plan

• The concept of "finance"
• Banking system
• Other financial institutions
• Inflation: types, causes and consequences

The concept of "finance"

• Finance(from lat. financia- cash, income) - a set of economic relations that arise in the process of formation, distribution and use of centralized and decentralized funds of funds.

The concept of "finance"

• The most important concept in finance is budget.
• The verb finance means “to supply with funds.”
• Word finance often used in everyday life to denote money.

Types of finance

Public finance

Private finance

• International finance
• Public finance
• Municipal finance (local finance)

1. Personal finance and family finance

2. Small business finance, corporate finance (finance of enterprises, businesses), bank finance, finance of non-profit organizations

Financial institutions and organizations

• Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation
• Federal Tax Service of Russia
• Federal Service for Financial Markets
• Central Bank of the Russian Federation
• Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange (MICEX)
• RTS Stock Exchange
• Siberian Interbank Currency Exchange

Financial markets

• Money market
• Currency market
• Stock market
• Derivatives market

Banking system

• Banking system- a set of different types of national banks and credit institutions operating within the framework of the general monetary mechanism.

Structure of the banking system

• In countries with developed market economies, two-tier banking systems have developed. The upper level of the system is represented by the central (issuing) bank.

Structure of the banking system

At the lower level there are commercial banks, divided into universal and specialized banks (investment banks, savings banks, mortgage banks, consumer credit banks, industrial banks, intra-industrial banks), and non-banking financial institutions (investment companies, investment funds, insurance companies, pension funds, pawn shops, trust companies, etc.)

Structure of the Russian banking system

Central Bank of the Russian Federation

Association of Commercial Banks

Non-bank credit organizations

Commercial banks

Foreign banks

Specialized banks

Universal banks

Bank branches

Bank representative offices

central bank

• central bank- an intermediary between the state and the rest of the economy through banks. As such an institution, it is called upon to regulate cash and credit flows using instruments that are assigned to it by law.

• The central bank is not always owned by the state. But even if the state does not formally own its capital (USA, Italy, Switzerland) or partially owns it (Belgium - 50%, Japan - 55%), the central bank performs the functions of a government body.
• In Russia, the Central Bank is considered an economically independent institution.

Main functions of the Central Bank

Issue of banknotes

Conducting monetary policy

Refinancing of credit and banking institutions

Conducting monetary policy

Regulation of the activities of credit institutions

Functions of the government's financial agent

Commercial banks

• Commercial Bank- a non-state credit institution that carries out universal banking operations for legal entities and individuals (settlement and payment transactions, attraction of deposits, provision of loans, as well as intermediary operations on the securities market)

• Interest rates on loans issued are higher than interest rates on deposits. The difference between these indicators is bank profit - margin . The epithet “commercial” in relation to a bank is conditional, because it means that the main goal of the organization’s activities is to make a profit. At the same time, there are banks that specialize more deeply in individual banking services.

Types of commercial banks

Industry banks – serve certain sectors of the economy (Gazprombank, Rosselkhozbank)

Interbranch banks – serve all sectors of the economy (Russian National Bank)

Regional banks – serve certain regions of the country (Mosbusinessbank)

Savings bank – has branches in all regions of the country and specializes in receiving and storing deposits from the population

• Bank operations- a closed list of transactions the right to perform which belongs to banks on an exclusive basis.

Traditional banking

• Passive Operations – banking operations aimed at attracting money to the bank; with their help, the bank generates resources for carrying out credit and other active operations. (Accounts and deposits)
• Active Operations – banking operations in which the bank is a creditor, placing its funds. (Issuing loans, etc.)
• Commission and intermediary operations – operations to provide relevant services on a commission basis. Such operations include: cash settlement operations, factoring (lending to the seller), leasing, trust (trust operations of the bank to manage the client’s property in his interests).

Attracting client funds with the provision of services

Passive Operations

(raising funds)

Attracting client funds without providing services

Raising funds from other sources

Operations carried out by the bank at its own expense and in its favor

Active Operations

(placement of funds)

Operations carried out by the bank on behalf of clients and at their expense

Operations carried out by the bank on behalf of clients and on a commission basis (“pure banking services”)

Active-passive operations ( commission and intermediary )

• All Bank operations and other transactions are carried out in rubles, and, if there is an appropriate license from the Bank of Russia, in foreign currency. The rules for carrying out banking operations, including the rules for their material and technical support, are established by the Bank of Russia.

Other financial institutions

Pension Fund

Investment companies

Insurance companies

Financial companies

Stock exchanges

Financial and credit institutions

Kind of activity

Pension Fund

Capital

Payment of pensions and benefits. Investing collected funds in the purchase of securities to increase the pension fund

Investment companies

Pension contributions

Sale of own securities to investors. Mediation between the borrower and private investor. Buying stocks and bonds

Insurance companies

Financial companies

Funds from private investors

Provision of insurance services for compensation of damage and losses caused by adverse events

Contributions from enterprises and citizens

Providing consumer credit and small loans to individual borrowers

Stock exchanges

Sale and purchase of securities

International financial and credit organizations

Financing and lending to different countries, promoting global trade

Inflation: causes, types and consequences

• Inflation(lat. Inflatio- inflation) is the process of reducing the value of money, as a result of which the same amount of money after some time can buy a smaller volume of goods and services. In practice, this translates into increased prices.

The mechanism of inflation:

• The total volume of goods that can be purchased with the money supply available in a given economic system may grow more slowly than the volume of the money supply, or even decrease - in this case, the cost of goods increases, and the value of money decreases.
• The ratio of the volume of goods and the volume of money is not directly related, but takes into account the speed of turnover of the money supply in a given system. With an increase in the speed of money turnover, this will be equivalent to an increase in the money supply without changing the commodity supply.

Causes of inflation

1. An increase in government spending, to finance which the state resorts to money emission, increasing the money supply beyond the needs of commodity circulation. This is most pronounced during war and crisis periods.

Causes of inflation

2. Monopoly of large firms on determining prices and their own production costs, especially in the raw materials industries.

Causes of inflation

3. The monopoly of trade unions, which limits the ability of the market mechanism to determine the level of wages acceptable to the economy.

Causes of inflation

4. A reduction in the real volume of national production, which, with a stable level of money supply, leads to an increase in inflation rates, since the same amount of money corresponds to a smaller volume of goods and services

Types of inflation

According to the rate of price growth

For reasons causing inflation

Open inflation

Suppressed inflation

Demand inflation

Supply (cost) inflation

Unbalanced inflation

Balanced inflation

Projected inflation

Unpredictable inflation

Adapted consumer expectations

• Demand inflation- is generated by an excess of aggregate demand compared to the real volume of production. (Shortage of goods)
• Supply (cost) inflation- means an increase in prices caused by an increase in production costs in conditions of underutilized production resources. Increasing unit costs reduces the volume of products offered by manufacturers at the existing price level.
• Balanced inflation- the prices of various goods remain unchanged relative to each other.

• Unbalanced inflation- prices of various goods change in relation to each other in different proportions.
• Projected inflation- this is inflation, which is taken into account in the expectations and behavior of economic entities.
• Unpredictable inflation- comes as a surprise to the population, since the actual growth rate of the price level exceeds the expected one.
• Adapted consumer expectations- a phenomenon associated with the deformation of consumer psychology. Extremely increased demand for goods allows entrepreneurs to raise prices for goods. (Demand creates supply).

Suppressed inflation

• characterized by external price stability (with active government intervention), but an increase in the shortage of goods, which also reduces the real value of money.

According to the rate of price growth

Creeping (moderate) inflation

Galloping inflation

Hyperinflation

Creeping (moderate) inflation(price increase less than 10% per year)

• Western economists consider it as an element of normal economic development, since, in their opinion, slight inflation (accompanied by a corresponding increase in the money supply) is capable, under certain conditions, of stimulating the development of production and the modernization of its structure. The growth of the money supply accelerates payment turnover, reduces the cost of loans, contributes to the intensification of investment activity and the growth of production. The growth of production, in turn, leads to the restoration of equilibrium between the commodity and money supply at a higher price level.

Galloping inflation(annual price increase from 10 to 50%)

• It is dangerous for the economy and requires urgent anti-inflationary measures. Prevalent in developing countries.

Hyperinflation(prices are growing at an astronomical rate, reaching several thousand percent per year, or over 100% per month)

• It paralyzes the economic mechanism and causes a transition to barter exchange. It is also characteristic of countries in certain periods when they experience a radical change in their economic structure.

Consequences of inflation

• Depreciation of savings
• Decrease in quality of goods
• Falling standard of living for government employees

Anti-inflationary measures of the state

• Stabilization and stimulation of production
• Improving the tax system
• Price and income regulation

“Money is like manure: if you don’t throw it around, it won’t be of any use.”

F. Hayek, Austrian economist, political scientist

Homework

• § 8, questions 1-8 pp. 102, tasks 1, 3

FINANCE IN ECONOMY. BANKING SYSTEM.

The presentation was prepared by O.Sh. Latypova, a teacher of history and social studies at Federal State Educational Institution Secondary School No. 4 of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

FINANCE

Finance (in a broad sense) - the totality of funds considered in their creation and movement, and economic relations determined by mutual settlements between economic entities

FUNCTIONS OF FINANCE

FUNCTION NAME

ITS ESSENCE

Distribution

Distribution and redistribution of GDP, due to which funds are distributed to the state and municipality

Control

Monitoring the distribution process and spending of funds for their intended purpose

Regulatory

State intervention in the production process through finance (taxes, government loans)

Stabilizing

Providing citizens with stable economic and social conditions

FINANCIAL SYSTEM

A set of interrelated and interacting elements directly related to financial activities and contributing to its implementation

FINANCIAL SYSTEM

Financial management bodies(headed by the Ministry of Finance)

Financial resources(budgetary system, extra-budgetary funds, finances of business entities, etc.).

Financial and credit institutions(Central Bank, investment campaigns, etc.)

Regulations governing financial activities(financial law, financial legal acts)

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Financial institutions that carry out various transactions with money and provide financial services

Investment companies

Financial and credit organizations that collect funds from private investors through the sale of their own securities. Act as intermediaries between the borrower and the private investor, expressing the interests of

last

Insurance companies

Companies providing insurance services, life, health, property, liability insurance

Pension funds

Funds created by private and public companies for the payment of pensions and benefits to persons paying pension contributions to these funds

Savings banks

Financial and credit institutions that attract funds from the population in the form of savings deposits on which interest is paid

BANK

Bank is a financial institution that is engaged in attracting free money and subsequently providing it on credit, carrying out cash payments between citizens and organizations.

FUNCTIONS OF THE BANK

Banks accumulate and accumulate funds for lending operations

Banks act as intermediaries in lending

Banks act as intermediaries in settlements and payments

Banks create credit money for further circulation

Banks act as intermediaries in the stock market

BANKING SYSTEM

Banking system - a set of banks and other credit institutions and organizations operating in the country.

Problems solved by the banking system

Inflation regulation

Ensuring economic growth

Balance of payments regulation

BANKING SYSTEM

The banking system has a two-level organization. The upper level is the central bank, the lower level is commercial banks and other financial and credit organizations (investment and financial companies, insurance companies and pension funds, etc.)

CENTRAL BANK

Main functions central bank:

implementation of the state monetary policy, lending to commercial banks,

ensuring stable operations of the banking and financial systems, maintaining the stability of the national currency, storing reserves of cash and gold

CENTRAL BANK

Central Bank of the Russian Federation - the main bank of the first level, the main issuing, monetary institution of the Russian Federation, developing and

implementing in interaction

with the Government

state monetary

credit policy and

entitled, entitled

issue of banknotes and

regulation of activities

CENTRAL BANK

The main goals of the Central Bank are to protect and ensure the stability of the Russian ruble, develop and strengthen the banking sector, ensure the effective and uninterrupted functioning of the payment system

COMMERCIAL BANKS .

Universal banks engaged in direct lending to all economic entities.

Main functions

commercial bank:

mobilization temporarily

free cash

funds and converting them

in capital;

lending to enterprises, the state and the population;

issue of credit money;

making payments and

payments on the farm;

issuing and founding function;

consulting, provision of economic and financial information.

BANK OPERATIONS

Passive bank operations - these are operations to mobilize monetary resources: accepting deposits; obtaining loans from other banks and the central bank.

BANK OPERATIONS

Active bank operations - operations for placing funds: providing loans of various terms and sizes in order to make a profit

BANK OPERATIONS

Banking services- making cash and non-cash payments, issuing and storing securities, trust operations, etc.

BANK INCOME

Commercial banks charge borrowers more for using money (the interest rate is higher) than they pay depositors (the interest rate is lower). The difference between these percentages is the banking interest. profit .

This income may be supplemented by profits from investments, stock exchange transactions, and commissions.

engage in lending to certain areas and sectors of economic activity

Investment banks - financing and long-term lending, invest capital in industry, construction and other sectors, as well as in securities.

Mortgage banks provide a loan secured by property, most often real estate

OTHER CREDIT AND FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

Savings banks attract and store public funds, paying depositors a fixed percentage

Innovative banks credit innovations, i.e. ensure the development of innovations, the introduction of scientific and technical achievements

OTHER CREDIT AND FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

Pension, investment funds, insurance, investment companies, pawnshops, trust companies, etc.

OTHER CREDIT AND FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

Stock exchanges specialize in the sale and purchase of securities. Commercial banks place shares and bonds of their clients on them. Stock exchanges are actively involved in the process of pouring funds into highly profitable sectors of the economy, supporting their development

INTERSTATE FINANCIAL AND CREDIT INSTITUTIONS

World Bank, International Monetary Fund, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Bank for Economic Cooperation engage in financing and lending to different countries, promote global trade, provide the necessary assistance in stabilizing the financial system of developing countries, etc.