Presentation for a geography lesson on the topic of Great Britain. Presentation: "Great Britain", 11th grade presentation for a geography lesson (11th grade) on the topic. UK business card

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Great Britain (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) Area – 244,700 sq. km Population – 59,648 thousand people. Capital London

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Great Britain... heads the British Commonwealth of Nations, a political and economic entity consisting of 50 of its former colonies and dominions; is the oldest industrial country in the world; member of international organizations: UN, NATO, EU, G7.

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Great Britain Form of government – ​​constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the monarch - the supreme bearer of executive power, the head of the judicial system, the supreme commander in chief. Currently - Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) The highest legislative body is a bicameral parliament consisting of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The highest executive body is the Council of Ministers. The official language is English, in Wales there are English and Welsh.

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Geographical location The state is located in northwestern Europe. It consists of the island of Great Britain, which contains England, Scotland and Wales, and part of the island of Ireland, which is occupied by Northern Ireland. The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands are dominions of the United Kingdom, but are not part of it. Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the west and north, and the North Sea in the east. In the south it is separated from the mainland by the English Channel.

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Administrative division Consists of 4 historical regions: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland (Ulster), which are administratively divided into numerous counties. England is the main core of the country. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland were annexed by conquest and today have only vague elements of autonomy. The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands have a special status.

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Nature of Great Britain Relief. NORTH SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS, in the north of Great Britain. Height up to 1343 m (Ben Nevis). The plateaus and massifs are dissected by tectonic depressions, gorges, and fjords in the west. Many lakes. Heathers, meadows, forest areas. MIDSCOTTIAN LOWLANDS, in the north of Great Britain, between the North Scottish Highlands and the South Scottish Highlands. The river flows through the Lowlands of Scotland. Clyde. Large cities - Glasgow, Edinburgh. SOUTH SCOTTISH HIGHWAYS, on the island. Great Britain, between the Lowlands in the north and the Pennines in the south. Length from S.W. to the north-east about 180 km. It forms separate massifs with a height of 300-600 m (the largest is 842 m, the city of Merrick).

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Topography The Pennines form the backbone of central northern England and extend from the Scottish border south almost to Birmingham. It is an uplifted block of sandstones and limestones. The porous nature of the rocks, combined with the harsh rainy and windy climate, predetermined the dull appearance of the local heaths, which are among the most sparsely populated areas of England. London Basin, London Lowlands, low-lying plain in the south-east of Great Britain along the lower reaches of the River Thames. Synclinal depression composed of Paleogene and Neogene clays, sands, and gravels. Situated between the Chiltern Hills. ANTRIM - basalt plateau in the northeast of the island. Ireland. Height up to 554 m. Abrasion arches, grottoes, hexagonal columns up to 6 m high (the so-called road of giants). Near Antrim - lake. Lough Neagh.

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Climate Great Britain is called the land of fog and rain. The weather is mainly formed by the warm ocean current, the Gulf Stream. The climate of the country varies depending on the region. In England, the climate is mild and humid, thanks to the relative warmth of the seas that wash it. The average annual temperature is about +11 degrees C in the south and +9 degrees C in the northeast. Scotland is the coldest region in the UK. In the mountains in the north there is snow from November to April-May. The climate of Wales and Northern Ireland is mild and humid. The average annual temperature in Northern Ireland is +10 degrees Celsius. The heaviest precipitation is in Scotland, Northern Ireland, the mountains of England and Wales (1000-1500 mm per year). The least rainfall is in south-east England (600-750 mm per year). Flora The vegetation of England is quite poor, forests occupy less than 9% of the territory, the most common are oak, birch, and pine. In Scotland, woodland is more common, although the region is dominated by moorland. Mostly in the forests in the south and east grow oak and coniferous trees - spruce, pine and larch. In Wales the forests are mostly deciduous - ash and oak. Coniferous trees are common in mountainous areas.

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Fauna The ability of the UK's wild animals, amphibians and reptiles to survive depends on their ability to adapt to a changing environment and to protect themselves from attack by enemies, of which the most dangerous is man. Mammals have better luck than amphibians and reptiles - they survive in more places. Most of the previously widespread animals, such as wild boar, reindeer and wolves, have become extinct, but red deer still live in the Scottish mountains, and roe deer live in the forests of Scotland and southern England. Carnivores (raccoons, foxes, otters, stoats and weasels) survive where there are fewer people, and rodents (rats, mice, squirrels) and insectivores (hedgehogs, moles, shrews) are also widespread. Rabbits are found everywhere, and their numbers are increasing. Another representative of this family, the hare, lives both in the mountains and on the plain. Amphibians are represented by three species of newts and five species of frogs and toads, while reptiles are represented by three species of snakes, of which only the viper is poisonous, and three species of lizards. There are no snakes in Northern Ireland. The British Isles are a birdwatcher's paradise. The islands lie at the nodal point of the migratory system, and coastal, rural and urban habitats for the birds are quite different. Around 200 species of birds can be found in the UK, of which more than half come from other countries. Many species are able to adapt to changing conditions, and it is believed that there are more birds in suburban gardens than in any forest. They hunt mainly wild pigeons, pheasants and partridges. The most numerous species are sparrow, rook, finch and starling. The drainage of the swamps has led to the movement of aquatic birds to various bird sanctuaries. Ornithological organizations support and encourage bird research and conservation. As a result, many protected areas for birds have been created. These actions, coupled with a positive attitude towards wildlife, can help soften the blow to birds and their natural habitats. Many British rivers, once famous for their salmon, trout, roach, perch, pike and grayling, have been polluted, leading to the decline of the domestic fishing industry. Fishing in fresh water is now just a sport. The shores of the North Sea have been Europe's largest fishing grounds for centuries. The main types of commercial fish are cod, mackerel, haddock, whiting, herring and flounder.

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Minerals Britain does not have a large variety of minerals, however, some of them played a huge role in the formation of its industrial areas. The importance of hard coal is especially great, the total reserves of which amount to 190 billion tons. These reserves are dispersed throughout the country. The largest reserves and production are distinguished by three basins: Yorkshire (south-eastern slope of the Pennines), Northumberland (north-eastern Pennines) and South Wales (southern slope of the Cambrian Mountains). In addition to these three largest coal basins, the Scottish basins play an important role, stretching in a chain from the western to the eastern edge of the Lowlands, as well as the Lancashire and West Midlands, consisting of a number of small deposits. There are small outcrops of coal seams on the coast of the Kimberland Peninsula and in the extreme southeast of England - the Kent Basin.

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The coalfields, with the exception of the Yorkshire and West Midlands, which are located in the inland parts of the country, are either directly off the sea coast or very close to it. This has significant implications for the ease of transport of coal and has in the past contributed to Britain becoming the world's largest coal exporting country. In the 60s, oil and gas fields were discovered on the North Sea shelf. Large deposits are located off the coast of southeast England and northeast Scotland. In addition to large energy resources, the UK has significant reserves of iron ore. But, except for a very small and now depleted deposit of rich hematite ores in the south of Kimberland, the deposits are characterized by a low metal content in the ore (22-33%). The largest field is the East Midlands. Until recently, Great Britain supplied half of its needs for this type of raw material with its own iron ore, the rest was purchased through imports. Currently, the mining of low-quality ore has proven to be unprofitable, so the mining of low-grade ores has been curtailed and switched to importing high-quality ores from Sweden, Canada, Brazil and a number of African countries.

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In the past, small deposits of copper and lead-zinc ores, as well as tin, were mined in the UK. Their deposits have been greatly depleted and production is now very small. They mine some tungsten. Uranium ores have been found in Scotland. Of non-metallic industrial raw materials, the extraction of kaolin or white clay is significant, as well as rock salt in Cheshire and Harham and potash salt in Yorkshire. The country's soil cover is dominated by a variety of podzolic soils and burazems. The meadow soils near the Wash Bay are the most fertile. In general, the soils in Great Britain are highly cultivated and produce high yields. Great Britain is characterized by a cultural landscape. Only in the mountainous regions of the country is natural vegetation preserved. The forests are dominated by broad-leaved species (oak, hornbeam, elm, beech) and only in Scotland - pine. Today, only 9% of the UK's territory is occupied by forests. However, the country gives the impression of being very wooded thanks to the hedges that surround the fields and meadows, as well as small areas of woodland and numerous parks. Only the western coast, exposed to westerly winds carrying salty sea spray, is almost devoid of vegetation.

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The predominance of westerly winds greatly influence the degree of pollution in certain parts of the country, and, as a rule, affect the location of industrial and residential areas in cities. The most polluting industrial enterprises are usually located in the eastern quarters, while the residential areas of the most prosperous part of the population are located in the western quarters. Western winds carry pollutant-laden air masses into the North Sea and even into the Scandinavian countries. Stonehenge

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Population of Great Britain Ethnic composition: 81.5% - English; 9.6% - Scots; 2.4% - Irish; 1.9% are Welsh. Religion: 47% - Anglicans; 16% - Catholics (the English, Welsh, Ulsterians and Scots are mostly Protestants of various directions; the Irish are Catholics. Demographic processes: low birth rate, low natural increase, high life expectancy and, as a result, “aging of the nation.” Population density - 247 person/sq.km

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The population of Great Britain belongs to the first type of population reproduction. The urbanization rate is 90% (one of the highest in the world). Largest cities: London, Glasgow, Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Edinburgh, Belfast, Cardiff. In the XVI-XIX and the first half of the XX centuries. Great Britain was a classic country of emigration. In the second half of the twentieth century. the situation changed, immigration of foreign workers (mainly from Commonwealth countries) began to begin. Currently, national and ethnic minorities make up 6% of the country's population and almost 20% of them live in London.

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Economy - characteristic features of the country's economy - wide diversification of production, extremely high qualifications of the workforce and quality of products; - only 1% of the working population is employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing, producing 2% of GNP; - in industry, construction – 28 and 3.1%, respectively; - 71% of the population is employed in the non-material sphere and 67% of GNP is produced; - GDP per capita is $30,900.

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Industry Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country, a major supplier of finished industrial products to the world market and a major exporter of capital (mainly to developed countries). GNP per capita is $16,070 per year. Extraction of oil and natural gas (mainly on the North Sea shelf), coal. The most developed are mechanical engineering (focused on the production of non-standard products, as well as various types and types of machines), including electrical and electronic engineering, transport (including large aircraft, automobile and shipbuilding), machine tool building, agricultural, production of industrial equipment, material handling technology, etc., chemical and petrochemical (Great Britain is one of the leading places in the world in the production and export of synthetic fibers and dyes, plastics, detergents, fertilizers, etc.), pharmaceutical, oil refining industry, ferrous (high-quality steels) and non-ferrous ( tin, aluminum) metallurgy. The oldest branch of English industry - textiles - has lost its former importance. Large food-flavoring industry (traditional production of whiskey, beer; processing of imported agricultural raw materials) industry; production of footwear, knitwear; English porcelain is famous.

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Agriculture Agriculture is dominated by dairy and meat and dairy cattle breeding and bacon pig breeding; meat and wool sheep farming. They mainly grow barley, wheat, sugar beets, oats, and potatoes. Vegetable and fruit growing (large greenhouse farming), floriculture (daffodils, tulips). Agriculture provides 75% of the country's population with food and is one of the leading industries. Its peculiarity is the use of work not by peasants, but by agricultural workers, a small number of workers and very high intensity.

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Transport Great Britain has modern transport both in size and structure. All its types have been developed. The state's maritime fleet, which has not known competition for more than two centuries, remains today one of the largest in the world (86% of the country's cargo turnover). All modern requirements are met by railway (Great Britain was a pioneer in the construction of railways) and road transport, the directions of which coincide. The system of rail ferry and rail links between Great Britain and the continent (across the English Channel) is of decisive importance. Air transport ranks first in Western Europe in domestic transportation, and second only to the United States in international transportation.

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Foreign economic activity The UK is the only G7 country that exports more services than goods. The UK is a major player in the capital market (capital investments are directed to developed countries of the world). At the same time, the UK is largely dependent on foreign investment. Finished industrial products account for ¾ of both exports and imports.

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Great Britain Imports: industrial raw materials, machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food and chemical industries, timber and paper. Exports: aerospace equipment, electronics, scientific and medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, heavy engineering and metallurgy products. The UK has the closest economic ties with Western Europe, primarily with EU countries: almost 2/3 of foreign trade volumes. About 1/10 of Britain's foreign trade is with the United States, and the same with the Commonwealth countries.

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British customs and traditions The British are very careful about their history and traditions. Vivid examples of a kind of “island isolation” are left-hand street traffic, the presence of its own measurement system (mile, yard, foot, inch), traditions in the kitchen (oatmeal, tea), veneration of the royal family, the presence of traditional red telephone booths and double-decker buses, cylindrical postal boxes with royal monograms, the appearance and shape of which have not changed for almost 200 years.

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Unusual places in the country Great Britain

Objective of the project

Explore unusual sights

Great Britain, study various hypotheses of their

emergence

Project objectives

1. Determine the range of students’ knowledge on this topic.

2. Study materials about the most unusual sights of Great Britain.

3.Draw conclusions.

Relevance of the topic

The list of attractions in Great Britain could take a very long time. But the British, it seems, are not only

they have haunted castles at every turn. They also promoted the Scottish lake Loch Ness with the legends around its monster to the whole world. However, even if Nessie doesn’t surface right in front of you, the nature there is still impressive. The mystery of such a truly strange structure as Stonehenge has not yet been solved. Also, the gardens of Heligan, the magical bagel Men-en-Top in Cornwall, the giant white horse in Wiffington, and the fairy-tale Puzzlewood forest in the mines of the Roman Empire contain a lot of mysteries and mysteries. All these unusual sights are discussed in this work.

Introduction

Great Britain is one of the key states in the history of Europe, and there are interesting places to travel here at every turn.

The reasons for this are both in the country’s vibrant history and in the fact that the British themselves not only carefully preserve their country, but are also able to turn anything into a tourist attraction.

Stonehenge Truly, a lot has been said about Stonehenge, but much more needs to be discovered in order to solve the mystery of this truly strange structure. There are several stones, mounds, ditches, pits and ramparts, but both historians and esotericists do not stop talking about it, sharing their guesses and feelings. Moreover, these thoughts and feelings cannot be compared with ordinary and primitive ones.

Loch Ness

Loch Ness is located in Scotland and is the deepest and one of the largest lakes in the country. Its length is 37 km. Like many other places in Scotland, the lake is surrounded by legends and rumors.

Almost everywhere in this country there are ghosts, but the most famous here is the Loch Ness monster, thanks to which the lake itself has become famous throughout the world.

Lost Gardens of Heligan

These gardens were created by the Cornish Tremaine family between the mid-18th century and the early 20th century and cover an area of ​​200 acres (81 hectares). Of greatest interest is the subtropical jungle valley - a collection of plants from all over the world. Heligan is located in Cornwall and has been the seat of the Cornish Tremaine family for over 400 years. Heligan is one of the most mysterious estates in England. The Forgotten (or Lost) Gardens of Heligan are located here.

Men-en-Tol - the magical “bagel” of Cornwall

Great Britain is rich in truly exciting attractions. The point is not only that this country has many ancient monuments, but also the well-known English conservatism. It is precisely this that helps ensure that legends and superstitions associated with one or another unusual place are preserved for a long time.

centuries.

Whiffington White Horse If you fly around the county of Oxfordshire, and specifically the town of Wiffington, you can enjoy the view of a limestone hill, on the slope of which the stylized figure of a galloping horse drawn with huge white lines is clearly visible.

Puzzlewood

There is such a unique corner on the planet that is very similar to a real fairy-tale forest. This is Puzzlewood (Forest of Mysteries) with its colorful, vibrant nature. There is even an assumption that it was he who served as the source of inspiration for Tolkien.

conclusions

Great Britain is one of the key states in the history of Europe, and interesting places for travelers can be found here at every step. The reasons for this lie in the country’s vibrant history, and in the fact that the British themselves not only carefully preserve their antiquity, but are also able to turn anything into a tourist attraction, starting from ancient times. There is a lot of evidence of this

unusual monuments associated with her

prehistoric period.

Great Britain

Great Britain (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). Great Britain on the world map. Flag of the Great Britain. Royal coat of arms. Coronation of Elizabeth II in 1953. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. Queen Elizabeth II on her 80th birthday in 2006. Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and the Earl of Edinburgh in 1947. The capital of Great Britain -. London. And here it is - from the banks of the Thames River. London Attractions. Palace of Westminster with the famous Big Ben clock tower. The Parliament of the United Kingdom sits here. The Tower of London is a royal fortress built in the 11th century. - UK.ppt

UK 1

State and political structure of Great Britain and Russia. This topic is also studied in social studies classes in high school. Work on the project is carried out in close connection with the social studies teacher. DIDACTICAL GOALS To help students understand the essence of the democratic structure of the state. Learn the basics of the political structure of Great Britain and Russia. METHODOLOGICAL TASKS Formation of lexical skills on this topic. Understanding the concept of “democracy”. THE FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION CAN A MONARCHY HELP THE STABILITY OF A COUNTRY? TOPICS OF STUDENTS' RESEARCH WORKS The political system of Great Britain. - UK 1.ppt

UK 2

Major UK holidays at different times of the year. Essential Question: How are holidays celebrated in the UK at different times of the year? What will we study? (problematic questions). What do we need to know? (study questions). Dividing the class into groups: Sample topics for presentations: New Year's Day - January 1 Christmas - December 25 St. Valentine's Day - February 14 St. Patrick's Day (St. - UK 2.ppt

UK 3

On the map of the world, Great Britain is circled in red. If we look closer, we can see that Great Britain is not an island. And this is the ensign of Great Britain. The capital of Britain is London. Great Britain is an ancient country, with many ancient castles and buildings. Prehistoric collection of stone blocks - Stonehenge. Westminster Abbey. Queen Elizabeth II is still alive in Great Britain today. Royal residence - Buckingham Palace. In the square near the palace there is a memorial to Queen Victoria. The most famous place in Great Britain is Trafalgard Square. The famous Tower Place is also located in England. - UK 3.ppt

Great Britain lesson

This is Britain. 1. Awareness quiz. What is the official name of Great Britain? What parts does Great Britain consist of? What river does London stand on? How do Englishmen call their national flag? What is the kilt? What’s the traditional English drink? Name the symbol of each country? 2. Countries and capitals. Scotland England Wales Northern Ireland. London Cardiff Belfast Edinburgh. 3. Multiple choice test. 1. What is the Union Jack? The national flag of the UK. Trade union organization. Monument. 2. What is the name of the present British Queen? Elizabeth I. Mary. 4. Where does the ceremony of the Keys take place? - Lesson Great Britain.ppt

UK project

Project topic: Travel to the UK. Creative name of the project: Travel is an integral part of the life of modern people. A journey of a thousand miles begins with one step by Lao Tzu. Fundamental Question: What motivates people to travel the world? Problematic question: Why is Great Britain the most popular among tourists? Academic subjects: The world around us, English. Abstract of the project. The theme of the proposed project is “Travel is an integral part of the life of modern people.” Stages and timing of the project. Choosing a creative name for the project (together with students) – lesson 2, 5 minutes. - UK project.ppt

Country UK

Great Britain. Content. Origin of the state. Physiographic location of the country. History of the State Relief Inland waters of the country. The capital is the city of London. The name of the country comes from the English Great Britain. Britain - according to the ethnonym of the Briton tribe. Physico-geographical location of the country. History of the State. The history of Britain began much earlier, around the construction of Stonehenge. At the height of the Roman Empire, Britain was under Roman control. Viking raids were frequent after about 800. In 1066 the Normans invaded and conquered England. During the Renaissance, England was ruled by the Tudors. - Country UK.ppt

UK Islands

Great Britain. The total area of ​​Great Britain is 244,017 square meters. km. The population of Great Britain is 58,395 thousand people. Officially the country is called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The latter is located on the same island as the Independent Republic of Ireland. Thus, the UK shares a common land border only with Ireland. The British Isles lie off the northwestern coast of Europe. The British Isles are surrounded by many small islands. Sight. Westminster Abbey. Buckingham Palace. When the Queen is in the palace, the royal flag flies on the roof. - Islands of Great Britain.pptx

Description of Great Britain

Great Britain is a country with a rich history. London is a constellation city. Big Ben's birthday is considered to be May 31, 1859. Westmin Abbey (London). Shopping in London. Flea markets in London. Tower Bridge. Buckingham Palace. Scotland is wild, untamed, but beautiful. Fairies, kilts and oat pies. Haunted castles. William Shakespeare is a great poet and playwright. England in the footsteps of Shakespeare. Museums of London. Christmas is a family holiday. Christmas is the most beloved and revered holiday. At Christmas in London, green wreaths are hung on doors as children wait for a gift. Port city of Dover. - Description of Great Britain.ppt

Geography of Great Britain

Great Britain. Geography of Great Britain. Flag of the Great Britain. Coat of Arms of Great Britain. Great Britain area. The economic and geographical position of Great Britain is extremely favorable. Great Britain includes. Elizabeth II. This country is characterized by very low natural growth. Population distribution and level of urbanization. London. GBP. Resources. UK economy. General mechanical engineering. The financial services sector generates 25% of the country's GDP. UK Agriculture. UK transport system. Export. Commonwealth countries, EU countries, USA, Japan. - Geography of Great Britain.ppt

UK information

Great Britain. Consists of the island of Great Britain which contains England, Scotland, and Wales. Square. Geographical position. Great Britain is located in northwestern Europe, in the British Isles. The coastline is heavily dissected by numerous bays. Great Britain has a land border with only one country - Ireland. The deepest lake in Great Britain is Loch Morar with a maximum depth of 309 m. Climate. The southern part of the country is warmer and drier than the northern part. Cloudy days a year - more than 50%. Strong winds and flooding are possible. Sights of Great Britain. - UK Information.pptx

State of Great Britain

Great Britain. Geography. The state is located in northeastern Europe. The area of ​​the country is 244.7 thousand. sq.km. Climate. Winters are very wet and mild, summers are relatively cool. The average annual temperature is about 11°C in the south and about 9°C in the northeast. The average annual precipitation is about 760 mm. London fogs. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II (in power since February 6, 1952). The head of government is the prime minister. The United Kingdom includes England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. - State of Great Britain.ppsx

Modern Britain

Great Britain. Heir to the British Empire, the largest state in history that existed in the 19th - early 20th centuries. The state consists of four “historical provinces”: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The official language is English. Greenwich Observatory in London is where the prime meridian is determined. Generally. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy (but there is no formal constitution; there are a number of basic legislative acts). The head of state is the queen. Legislative power is exercised by the Queen and a bicameral parliament (House of Lords and House of Commons). - Modern Britain.ppt

Characteristics of Great Britain

Great Britain. Coat of arms of Great Britain in the 14th century. Victorian era British coat of arms. The current coat of arms of Great Britain. Flag of the Great Britain. UK map. Capital of the United Kingdom. Tower Bridge. Big Ben. Castles of Great Britain. Weather. National holidays in Great Britain. Thank you for your attention. - Characteristics of Great Britain.ppt

United Kingdom

Welcome to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland! Geographical position. The capital is the city of London. Composition of the United Kingdom. England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland. England. The largest centers in England. Scotland. Landscapes of Scotland. Wales. The charm of Wales. Northern Ireland. Ireland is a piece of paradise. The head of the United Kingdom is Queen Elizabeth II. Welcome to Britain! - United Kingdom.pptx

United Kingdom Great Britain

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Plan. General characteristics of the country. The official language, English, is widely spoken throughout the world. A little history. The development of commodity-money relations and the struggle of the peasantry. Anglican Church. Creation of the British colonial empire. In the 19th century, Great Britain became the largest colonial power in the world. Features of nature. Relief. Minerals. Climate. English weather is unstable, cloudy and rainy, especially in autumn. Hydrology. Vegetable world. Animal world. There are many so-called domesticated animals in England. - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.ppt

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Great Britain. Brief information. Great Britain (English capital - the city of London. The name of the country comes from the English Great Britain. Britain - after the ethnonym of the Briton tribe. The climate is temperate oceanic, humid. Forests (beech, oak, birch) occupy about 9% of the territory of Great Britain. History. The British Isles are conquered in the 5th-6th centuries by the Anglo-Saxons. In the 2nd half of the 13th century, the English parliament arose, the estate monarchy took shape. During the Reformation, in 1534, the English Revolution of the 17th century ensured the establishment of capitalism - the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.ppt.

Republic of Ireland

Republic of Ireland. Capital. Geographical position. The capital of Ireland is Dublin. Currency. Population. Languages ​​and religions. Historical reference. Form of government and origin of the name. Symbolism. Holidays. Economy. Animal world. Heather moors. Main attractions. Aran Islands. - Republic of Ireland.ppt

Traveling around the UK

Traveling around the UK. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. England. Scotland. Wales. Northern Ireland. Elizabeth II queen. Traveling around the UK. The Thames is the river on which London stands. Double-decker. Buckingham Palace. Traveling around the UK. Traveling around the UK. Traveling around the UK. London Parliament. Traveling around the UK. Traveling around the UK. Big Ben chimes. Tower of London. Traveling around the UK. Traveling around the UK. Ravens of the Tower. Tower bridge. Traveling around the UK. - Travel around the UK.ppt

UK business card

UK business card. Brands. Attractions. Trafalgar Square. Stonehenge. Palace of Westminster. Sherlock Holmes Museum. Remembrance Day of the Patron Saint of Ireland. Christmas traditions. Residents of Great Britain. English tea culture. The British. English suit. English entrepreneur. Liverpool. Company. British brand. Hat. English politician. English physicist. King of England. Accessory. Thank you for your attention. - UK business card.ppt

What countries are in the UK

Great Britain. British Isles. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Flag of the Great Britain. The flag of Great Britain is blue with red ones. Crossed stripes. England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland. England. Symbol of England. Once upon a time, two dukes lived in Britain. Scotland. Wales. The capital is Cardiff. Population - Welsh, about 2 million people. Language - Welsh. The emblem is the narcissus. The flag is green and white with a red dragon. Mount Snowdon - 1068 meters. Northern Ireland. The Vikings sailed. The capital of Britain is London. The capital of England is London. - Which countries are in the UK.ppt

Scotland

Orlova Albina Alexandrovna. Unknown Scotland. Scotland. Legend has it that thistle saved the country in the Middle Ages. National symbols. National flag of St. Andrey. The land of bagpipes and thistles. Mysterious country. Edinburgh is the capital. People in Scotland. What are kilts and tartans? Sports and games. Scottish dancing. My Bonnie. Crossword. What mysterious monster supposedly lives in Loch Ness. N. Sources of information. Contact Information. - Scotland.pptx

People of Scotland

Scotland and the Scots. Formation of national character. Physico-geographical conditions of Scotland. Mountains and low plains. Settlement of the British Isles. Confrontation between Scotland and England. Union Jack. Own church. Population of Scotland. Highlanders. Most Scots were farmers. Musical culture. Scottish clans. National Scottish costume. Tweed jacket. Mountain games. Types of competitions at the Mountain Games. Hammer throwing. Great Scots. Burns Robert. David Livingston. Andrew Carnegie. Robert Brown. James Clerk. James Chalmers. Customs and traditions of peoples. - People of Scotland.pps

UK cities

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Sights of Great Britain. Baht. One of the most beautiful cities in England, famous for its Georgian era architecture. UNESCO included the city in the list of monuments of the cultural heritage of humanity. Bath became a resort back in the Roman era (I-IV centuries AD). Belfast. Located in the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland. The city's population is about 1.5-2 million people, including 55% urban... Belfast is one of the most famous ports in the UK. Bournemouth. The city is ideal not only for relaxation, but also for learning English. - UK Cities.ppt

UK economy

Drawing up PG comments on changes taking place on the political map. Characteristics of UK GWP. Completed by Diana Avetisyan, student of 10th “A” class. head: Kremza I.M. About 9/10 of the total cargo turnover is accounted for by sea transport, including 1/4 of cabotage. In domestic freight transport, road transport plays the largest role. All national borders of the United Kingdom are maritime, with the exception of the border with Ireland. The coastline, with a total length of more than 100 km, is highly indented. The countries of Europe and Great Britain are part of the NATO military-political bloc. - UK Economy.ppt

UK Country Economy

Formation and development of the UK market economy. United Kingdom. Development of cloth making. Industry growth. Agrarian revolution. Sources of initial capital accumulation. The desire to get rich. Colonial expansion. Prerequisites for the industrial revolution. Industrial revolution. Consequences of the industrial revolution. Reasons for the slowdown. The economy of the country of Great Britain. Features of development. A crisis. Sterling block. Development after World War II. Government activities. - Economy of the UK.ppt

UK climate

UK emissions reduction policies. UK Greenhouse Gas Policies. UK goals. Policy review. By type of company and industry. Climate collection. Climate fee rates. Climate change agreements. Commitments to reduce emissions. European emissions trading system. Income tax benefits. Import to UK. Finished products. Ecological footprint of the product. Variety of legislation in the EU. Thank you. - UK climate.ppt

Animals of Great Britain

Animals of Great Britain. Large animals such as wild boar, bear, and Irish deer have long been exterminated in the British Isles due to frequent hunting, and the wolf has been destroyed as a pest. Now only 56 types of mammals remain. The largest representative of mammals is the red deer, which lives in the highlands of Scotland and Cornwall. Fish. Different types of fish live in the waters of the British Isles: in sea waters - herring, sable fish, sprat are found in bays and estuaries, and mackerel and sardines appear in Kirkwall Bay. The most important commercial fish of distant and near waters are cod, haddock and whiting. - Animals of Great Britain.ppt

UK Environment

UK Environment. People of Great Britain. Survey among residents. Sociologists. State of the environment. Garbage. What do you do with the garbage that has accumulated in your home? State. Fur things. Do I need to clean up after pets after walking them? Group "Observers". Group "Observers". Places where garbage accumulates. Plastic bottles. Group "Curious People". The British. Garbage bins. Protest against the killing of animals. Dog lovers. People in England ride bicycles. Attitude to the environment. England. The different rubbish. The Russian. England people. - UK Environment.ppt

UK composers

What do we know about foreign music? Music is the universal language. Creative project name. Didactic goals of the project. Methodological tasks. Fundamental question. Study questions. Music. The project. The Music of the 20th century. Andrew Lloyd Webber. The Beatles. Composers of Great Britain. Composers of Great Britain. Thank you for your attention. - Composers of Great Britain.ppt

Sights of England

The amazing country of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Noble Queen. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. Sights of England. - Sights of England.pptx

British house

Project and research work in English. The British love their home very much. Most Britons prefer to own their own homes. Warwick Castle. Windsor Castle is the residence of British monarchs in the city of Windsor. Accommodation. Bedroom. Kitchen. Not every British home has modern bathrooms. British house. The British, due to their conservatism, do not like to change the interior. British house. Parents accustom their children to low temperatures. British house. A reverent attitude towards animals. British house. Millions of people who have visited Britain. -

Rudenko Maria 11th grade

Geography project. It examines the geographical location of Great Britain and state symbols. Climatic features, type of activity, religious preferences are described.

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MBOU secondary school No. 25

Project

subject: geography

Topic: UK

Developed by: 11th grade student “A”

Rudenko Maria Evgenievna

Supervisor:

Geography teacher, Secondary School No. 25, Shakhty

Kondratyuk Lyudmila Nikolaevna

2014-2015 academic year.

1.Great Britain. Geographical, position

2. State Symbols

3.Climate and natural resources of the country

4. Population of the country

5.Religion

6.Traditions of the country

7.Economy

8.Industry

9. Agriculture

10.Attractions

Area - 244.1 thousand km2. Capital London.

Economic-geographical location and natural resource potential. Great Britain is an island country located to the northwestEurope . It includes: the island of Great Britain, part of the island of Ireland and surrounding islands. The closest neighbors on the Eurasian continent areFrance and Belgium.

The country is divided into four historical and geographical regions. England is the main core of the country. Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (Ulster) were annexed by conquest and today have only vague elements of autonomy. The most important feature of Great Britain's geographical position is its separation from the continent. This circumstance was helpful because the country for nine centuries (since 1066) had never experienced a foreign invasion, although it constantly took part in European wars. At the same time, the country enjoyed all the benefits that arise from its location next to the most developed countriesWestern Europe and on the routes to the World Ocean. The transport significance and resources of the latter will play an important role in the modern development of the country. The coastline of the islands is very dissected. Even in the southern part of the main island, the distance from the sea does not exceed 100-120 km. The dense network of rivers and canals in England has played a decisive role in the country's economy since ancient times.

Natural conditions and resources

The island of Great Britain is rich in coal resources, the reserves of which are now very depleted. The largest coal basins are Yorkshire, Newcastle (north of England) and Wales. Significant oil and gas reserves (North Sea shelf) Significant deposits of oil and natural gas are concentrated in the British sector of the North Sea The UK is the only one of the European G7 countries that fully meets its needs with its own oil and gas.

The bowels of the island contain small reserves of iron ore in the central coastal parts of the state, lead-zinc and tin ores on the Cornwall Peninsula (southwest of Great Britain). In the central part of England there are deposits of table and potassium salts.

The state is relatively rich in water resources (the humid climate contributes to the full flow of the rivers). Only in central England is there a shortage of water resources. Insignificant water resources are concentrated on the rivers of Scotland and Wales.

The country's forest reserves are insignificant. Only 10% of its territory is covered with forests and only 15% of the wood demand is covered from its own resources.

The country is dominated by flat terrain. Significant areas are occupied by old destroyed mountains (Cambrian, Peninsky), which do not have a significant impact on the nature of the development of the territory

The country's climate is temperate maritime with mild winters and cool summers. It is conducive to the cultivation of all temperate zone crops. On the western coast of the island, 2000 mm of precipitation falls, and on the eastern coast, 600 mm falls into the rivers.

Great Britain has limited agricultural land resources. The state's soils are quite fertile (brown forest, podzolic), but require a significant amount of mineral and organic fertilizers

In the north of Scotland there is a large lake district characterized by significant recreational resources

Population of the country

The structure of the population is multinational, multicultural and mixed in the settlement of emigrants and indigenous residents. Detailed reports on all aspects of population life are provided on the state statistics website

Population The dominant and largest group of the population of Great Britain are the British. About 80% of the population is English, 15% are Scots, Welsh (Welsh), Cornish and Irish; about 5% of the population are immigrants from Commonwealth countries. English is part of the northwestern group of Germanic languages. It is also widespread outside the UK. A fairly large group (about 500 thousand people) in Great Britain are Jews, living mainly in London and other large cities.

Age composition since the beginning of the twentieth century. The life expectancy of the British population is gradually increasing: the average life expectancy is 69 years for men and 75 years for women. Due to a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in life expectancy, the population of Great Britain is aging, which sharply reduces the labor force reserves.

Migration There are now about 1 million immigrants from various European countries living in the UK. In the 1970s, due to immigration restrictions and economic difficulties in the UK itself, emigration began to exceed immigration.

Religion in Great Britain

Every citizenGreat Britain has the right to confess hisreligion . Britannia is a predominantly Christian country: 10% of citizens belong toRoman Catholic Church , and 25 million Britons are churchgoersAnglican Church , which officially has state status. INScotland there are 1.1 million membersPresbyterian Church which is the state churchScotland . IN Northern Ireland approximately half of the population considers themselves to beProtestants , and almost 40% of the inhabitants areCatholics . IN Wales Anglican Church lost state status in 1920. This means that now, there is no official state church, but the most numerousdenominations , there are other Protestant movements, the most authoritative of which is the Presbyterian Church of Wales (left-wing, Calvinist Methodism). Clergy of officially recognized churchesGreat Britain may receive wages from the government if they work in prisons or hospitals.

Islam

Sikhism

Sikh community in Britain comprises between 400,000 and 500,000 members, with the largest numberSikhs lives in Greater London , Manchester And Birmingham . The oldest Sikh temple opened inLondon in 1908. Sikhs arrive in UK from Eastern Africa , India

Hinduism

Hindu community in Britain has 400,000 people. Firsthindu temple was opened in London in 1962. Currently there are more than 120 of them.Hinduism professed by emigrants fromIndia , as well as earlier settlers originally fromKenya , Tanzania , Uganda , Zambia , Fiji And Caribbean Islands . Among the movements of Hinduism, the most widespreadVaishnavism - Krishna Consciousness .

Judaism

First Jews profit in England during Norman conquest . They were evictedby royal decree V year, but were admitted again during the civil war of 1642-51. FirstJews came from Spain And Portugal , but nowadays Britain mainly inhabitJews from European and Eastern European countries who were hiding inBritish Isles from Hitler's occupation. In total there are about 300 thousand in the country.Jews .

TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS

There are not many peoples in the world who strictly adhere to their old traditions and customs. The British do this especially zealously.Traditions and customs of Great Britainpassed on from generation to generation for centuries. Adherence to tradition is a kind of pride for British citizens and emphasizes their originality and difference from other nations.

For example, the volume of liquid at a distance from London continues to be measured in the traditions and customs of Great Britain in pints, and the length in inches, yards and miles, although the country has already switched to liters, centimeters and kilometers accepted in the world. Pictures depicting the life of the kingdom brightly and colorfully illustrate the traditions and customs of Great Britain.

Rules of conduct in the UK.

Staying in the UK imposes certain obligations on the tourist. To avoid problems with the authorities, as well as misunderstanding of local residents, you should adhere to the basicrules of conduct.

Communication.

During the conversation, try not to touch on personal topics. Local residents will perceive this as an attempt to invade privacy. They always listen carefully to their interlocutor, but this does not mean that they agree with him. Never talk to an Englishman about the inhabitants of the NorthIreland - this will cause coldness and disdain towards you. You will also be treated differently if you call an Irishman or Welshman (Welsh) English. Don't talk to Brits in line or on the subway. When communicating, speak in a calm, even voice, without using slang or stupid remarks. Don't copy the British accent.

Business Cards.

If you are visiting, then refrain from exchanging business cards. It is better to do this at an official reception.

Cloth.

In England it is customary to change clothes for dinner. Moreover, if you live with an English family, then every day you should wear a new dress (suit). You should not appear on the streets wearing clothes made of natural fur.

Smoking.

Smoking is prohibited on the London Underground, inside stadiums, on public transport or in closed spaces where there are many people. It is better to do this on the street, in a personal car, hotel room, or in specially designated smoking areas.

Hotels.

Hotel bathrooms often lack a shower hose. This is explained by the fact that it is customary for the British to take a bath. They wash themselves in a sink filled with water.

Overnight.

Many London houses are cool at night, even in summer. Therefore, do not be surprised if you are offered to take a heating pad to bed with you.
Dinner.

In Great Britain, it is not uncommon for ladies and gentlemen to dine in separate rooms.
Greetings.

When meeting, the British say to each other “How do you do?” The handshake is always light. In some cases, a man waits for a woman to give him her hand first. If people meet often, they do not shake hands.
Behavior at a party.

It is impolite to come visit without calling first. You should not look at the house or garden on your own; wait for the owner. While eating, turn the plate slightly away from you. At the end of the meal, leave some food on your plate. At the end of the meal, the host lifts the napkin, only after which the guests can leave the table. The next day, be sure to send a thank-you note to the dinner organizer. If you are given a gift after the reception, accept it with gratitude.

Restaurant.

In the UK there is an unspoken rule: dinner in a restaurant is paid for by the inviter. To call the waiter, just raise your hand.

Attitude towards women.

It is customary for the British to treat ladies with respect. Men stand up when a woman enters a room, push her chair away, open the door, and give up their seat on public transport. Women should sit up straight. It is forbidden to cross your legs, but you can cross them at the ankles.

A few more rules.

Always let those older than you in rank or age go ahead. When entering a room, hold the door behind you.

Always stand during the God Save the Queen anthem. Be polite more often. Say “thank you” and “please” at every opportunity.

The world lives in a turbulent and high-speed 21st century, andin traditions and customsBritain remains very static, like a frozen game of cricket. The British claim that the tricks of this game are close to checkers and chess. These games, as well as darts, are played in small village pubs.

To the traditions and customs of Great BritainOne can also relate to the restraint of its inhabitants in expressing their feelings and emotions. When the Russians show wild delight and clap their hands loudly, the British say that “it turned out well.” Of course, the climate of the islands influences the temperament of people, but a lot also depends on the traditions and customs of Great Britain, which are strictly adhered to in British families. It is still worth noting the excellent sense of humor among the inhabitants of this foggy country. Moreover, their humor is characterized by the fact that there is no disrespect for the person or thing they joke about. And the British joke about practically everything around them and above themselves. During a conversation, British traditions and customs recommend listening carefully to your interlocutor, not making harsh judgments, avoiding personal characteristics and not rudely intruding into someone else's life. At the same time, the traditions and customs of Great Britain also include strict adherence to the laws of the country and developed self-control. It would be wonderful if other nations adopted these traditions.

In everyday life, the British adhere to the traditions and customs of Great Britain, which other peoples seem unnecessary. For example, attending a family dinner requires changing into different clothes, and guests in an Englishman's house will have to change into different clothes every day. Visitors are also struck by the attitude of British residents, especially the British, towards tea. For them, drinking tea is a unique ritual, tradition and custom of Great Britain. The delicate and refined aroma of Chinese tea is especially appreciated. But the British will only take English tea with them on the road, which contains the best varieties of Indian and Chinese tea.

UK ECONOMY

(Historical reference)

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Great Britain has been one of the world's leading industrial countries. However, two world wars and the collapse of the empire dealt a strong blow to the country's economic position. After the end of World War II, economic recovery took about 40 years. Increased competitiveness was facilitated by accession to the European Community in 1973. In the 1980s, mass privatization of previously nationalized industrial enterprises took place.

Significant progress by Britisheconomy , noted in recent years, along with flexible government regulation, has led to a general stabilization of national macroeconomic indicators, relatively low levels of inflation and unemployment.

UK industry- a highly developed industrial country. It ranks first in Europe in terms of energy reserves, being a major producer of oil and gas. In the manufacturing industry, priority is given to such sectors as transport engineering (12.4% of total industrial production), including automotive industry; shipbuilding; the aerospace industry is third in the world after the USA and France; food industry (12.5% ​​of total production); general mechanical engineering: production of agricultural machinery and machine tools, including the production of textile machinery (Great Britain is the seventh largest manufacturer of machine tools in the world) electronics and electrical engineering; computers, processors and supercomputers, software; telecommunications means (fiber optics, radars, etc.); medical equipment; Appliances. The chemical industry accounts for 11% of total production. These are: pharmaceuticals (Great Britain is the fourth largest drug manufacturer in the world); agrochemistry; perfumery; new materials and biotechnologies. Large food-flavoring industry (production of food concentrates, confectionery and tobacco products, drinks (about 1/5 of the world export of alcoholic beverages, mainly Scotch whiskey and English gin).

Oil production and refining

In the British sector of the North Sea, there are 133 known oil fields with proven reserves of 2 billion tons and recoverable reserves of 0.7 billion tons, which is about 1/3 of the shelf reserves. Mining is carried out at fifty deposits, of which the largest are Brent and Fortis. In 2003, it amounted to 106 million tons, of which over half was exported - mainly to the USA, Germany, and the Netherlands. Through a system of pipelines and tankers, oil from the fields of the North Sea and North Atlantic reaches the oil terminal "Sullom Voe", where it is loaded into tankers for further transportation. Large imports of oil also remain (up to 50 million tons), which is due to the predominance of light fractions in North Sea oil and the technological features of British refineries designed for heavier oil.

As for the British oil refining industry, it is still dependent on imports of crude oil and petroleum products. There are 9 oil refineries in the country with a total capacity of about 90 million tons per year (the Shell refinery in Shell Haven with a capacity of 4.3 million tons per year closed in 1999). They are located in the Thames Estuary, at Foley near Southampton, in south Wales, on the Manchester Canal, in Teesside, Humberside and in Scotland (Grangemouth).

Gas industry

In the British zoneNorth Sea More than 80 gas fields have been discovered with proven reserves of 2 trillion m³ and recoverable reserves of 0.8 trillion m³. Productiongas began on them in the mid-60s, now 37 fields are being exploited, 1/2 of the production comes from 7, among them -Lehman-Bank, Brent , Morekham. Production volume for 1990-2003 increased to 103 billion m³. International tradegas insignificant; in 2003 heexport was 15, and import - 8 billion m³. Along the laid at the bottomNorth Sea gas pipeline gas reaches the east coast of the islandGreat Britain near Easington And Yorkshire .

Mining

Great Britain - is considered the world's second-largest exporter of kaolin (white clay from which porcelain is made); Other types of clay are also mined on a large scale for the ceramic industry. There are prospects for the extraction of tungsten, copper and gold from newly explored deposits.

Iron ore mining occurs in a relatively narrow belt that begins at Scunthorpe in Yorkshire in the north and stretches across the East Midlands to Banbury in the south. The ore here is of low quality, siliceous and contains only 33% metal. The need for iron ore is met by imports from Canada, Liberia and Mauritania.

electrical and Electronics

Electrical engineering is one of the growing and developing industries; it ranks second among manufacturing industries in terms of the number of employees. Several very large companies dominate the electrical industry: General Electric, English Electric and Associated Electrical Industries. The UK's position in the production of turbines and electric motors is still quite strong. But electronics now occupy a dominant position. The production of computer equipment is developing most dynamically, but the main position here is occupied by American capital, and in the production of consumer electronics - Japanese capital. British firms are traditionally strong in the production of radio-electronic equipment (radars, radio transmitters) and communications equipment.

Textile industry

Traditional sectors of the British economy, such as the textile industry, are also developing. Among the branches of light industry, it plays a special role in the industrial development of the country, in the spread of the machine method of production throughout the world. Woolen fabrics are produced mainly in West Yorkshire, rayon production predominates in the Yorkshire town of Silsden, and cotton fabrics are produced in Lancashire, in the small textile towns north-east of Manchester. The production of woolen fabrics, products, and yarn is the oldest in the British Isles. Woolen products from British textile manufacturers are still highly valued in foreign markets.

Chemical industry

The latest chemical industry production is also one of the fastest growing industries. About 1/3 of the products of basic chemistry are inorganic chemicals - sulfuric acid, metal and non-metal oxides. Among the many chemical industries, the production of synthetic fibers, various types of plastics, new dyes, pharmaceutical products and detergents began to stand out on a large scale. British chemistry is based on oil and gas raw materials and specializes in a fairly limited number of chemical products that are highly science-intensive: these are pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, engineering plastics used in aircraft rocket production, and microelectronics. The main areas of the chemical industry were formed on the basis of refineries near sales markets: the southeast of England, Lancshire and Cheshire.

UK Agriculture

IN agriculture Great Britain Only about 2% of the country's working population is employed. On average, one person has less than 0.5 hectares of agricultural land. Nevertheless, the UK produces more than 75% of agricultural products consumed by the population. The needs for barley, oats, potatoes, poultry, pork, eggs, and milk are fully met. However, 80% of butter is imported, 65%Sahara , 50% of wheat and bacon, 25% of beef and veal consumed in the country.

The natural conditions of Great Britain are more favorable for the development of livestock farming. Livestock and crop production account for 65 and 35% of the value of the country's agricultural products, respectively. Most livestock farms are located in the western, wetter part of Great Britain.

The main branch of livestock farming is the breeding of highly productive beef and dairy cattle.

England was one of the world's largest suppliers of sheep wool.

Nowadays, wool provides only 1% of the value of agricultural products, and sheep are bred mainly for their lambs, which are used for meat. Most sheep are bred in the mountainous regions of Wales, Northern England and Scotland.

The bulk of arable land is located in the eastern part of the island - in Kent, East Anglia, Lincolnshire, East Yorkshire and the east of Scotland. The main crops grown are barley and wheat. Barley is used to make malt (in brewing) and whiskey, as food for the population and as livestock feed.

The local traditional crop - potatoes - is widespread everywhere, especially in NorthernIreland , on the east coast of England and Scotland.

Fodder beets and cabbage are also grown for livestock feed. However, the needs of livestock farming for feed far exceed its own resources, so a significant part of it is imported from abroad.

Vegetable gardens, gardens and greenhouses occupy only 1.5% of agricultural land, but they provide 12% of the value of agricultural products. They are located in such warm areas as the Cornish Peninsula, the Channel Islands, and also in Kent, which has long been called the “garden of England.”

Almost all the land is cultivated by farmers. Farms in the UK are larger on average than in other countriesEurope , but less than in USA . The average area of ​​land occupied by one farm is 100 hectares. However, there are also huge agricultural associations, whose land reaches 1600 hectares.

Around half of farmers rent land from large landowners: in England and Wales only 40% of farmersfarming on your own land. The cost of farm products is very high. Farm profitability is supported by government subsidies and payments in accordance with the EU common agricultural policy and guaranteed prices for some agricultural products.

British farming needs high purchasing prices, so the regulation of the common agricultural market within the EU and the establishment of uniform prices for agricultural products have had a negative impact on the economy of small and medium-sized farms. Now several thousand of them are on the verge of ruin.

Sights of Great Britain

The clock tower of the Palace of Westminster in London is known throughout the world as Big Ben. Meetings of the House of Lords and the House of Commons are held in the Palace of Westminster, in the many kilometers of corridors of the palace it is easy to lose the right direction, there is hardly a person who has visited all of its 1200 rooms, but the most famous part of the palace - the clock tower - is known, without exaggeration, to everyone world and is one of the most striking architectural symbols of the city.

The height of the tower is 96 meters; a narrow spiral staircase of 334 steps is hidden inside it. After passing them all, you can get to a small open area where the famous bell Big Ben is located. It is he who strikes the time every hour, and it is his sounds that are transmitted every hour on BBC radio. It was this bell that gave the name to both the clock and the tower itself

The most replicated symbol of London - Tower Bridge - was opened in 1984. It is both adjustable and hanging. The design of the bridge is such that when the lower central span is opened for the passage of ships, the upper gallery, reached by stairs in both towers, remains open for pedestrians wishing to cross the Thames. However, today the gallery is more often used as an observation deck; it also houses a museum.

Today's Globe in London - this is the third theater with that name. The first Globe Theater was built on the south bank of the Thames in 1599 at the expense of a troupe of which William Shakespeare was a shareholder. The building was destroyed by fire after 14 years of its existence. The rebuilt theater was razed to the ground in 1644 by the Puritans. And already at the end of the 20th century, a fund was created for the reconstruction of Shakespeare's Globe, and in 1997 the theater again opened its doors to spectators.
Performances at London's Globe can be seen from late April until mid-autumn, and tours of the theater are available all year round.
The authors of the project tried to bring the modern version as close as possible to the original of 1599. There is no artificial lighting here, so performances are held only during the day and only in the summer. Microphones and speakers are also out of the question. Spectators of the 21st century who bought tickets to the stalls are forced to stand, just like commoners who came to the production in the 17th century. The roof, which only partially covers the Globe, is made of straw (impregnated with a fireproof compound).

It is difficult to find a country with a richer history and preserved cultural traditions than Great Britain. This is like a breath of fresh air in the modern world! Great Britain is a unique state, one of the few that have managed to preserve their true traditions to this day. Apart from her, there are only a couple of such people in Europe. Therefore, we advise you to visit this country!….

Welcome to Great Britain!

References:

GREAT BRITAIN

Work completed.

Logvinovskaya V.A.

Teacher MBOU Secondary School No. 13

Simferopol.

Great Britain

Big cities:

• London
• Edinburgh
• Cardiff

London Attractions:

• Big Ben;
• Tower Bridge;
• Buckingham Palace;
• London Eye;
• Royal Botanic Gardens;
• London Aquarium;
• London Dungeon;

Edinburgh attractions:

• Edinburgh Castle;
• Palace of Holyroodhouse;
• Writers' Museum.

Cardiff attractions

• Cardiff Castle;
• Cathay Park;
• Millennium Stadium.

Flag of the Great Britain

It is a blue rectangular cloth, which is crossed by two diagonal red stripes with a white outline, on top of the lines there is a wider red cross with a white outline. The aspect ratio of the cloth is 1:2. The real name of the flag is “Union Flag”, but most often it is used “ Union Jack. There is a theory that the word “Jack” in the name of the flag is a tribute to maritime etiquette - this is what sailors called the flag on warships. Officially, the flag of the Kingdom of Great Britain was adopted in 1801 and symbolized the unification of various regions of the state under the rule of a single empire. The flag acquired its modern appearance after the annexation of Ireland in 1801. The red cross of St. Patrick was added to the image of the flag.

Coat of Arms of Great Britain

The Royal Arms of Great Britain is the official coat of arms of the British monarch (currently Elizabeth II). Other members of the royal family and the national government use different coats of arms. The royal coat of arms comes in two variants, one of which is used only in Scotland.

The usual version of the coat of arms has two lions and seven leopards: six golden leopards reinforced with azure on the shield, three each in the 1st and 4th fields of the quadruple shield (they correspond to England). The scarlet lion reinforced with azure in the second field represents Scotland. The crowned leopard is decorated with a crest (kleinod). A golden crowned lion as a shield holder supports the shield on the right. On the other side, the shield is supported by a chained unicorn.

Royal coat of arms of Great Britain

(Scottish version)

The Scottish version has four lions and three leopards: five animals on the shield (of which three leopards correspond to England, two lions to Scotland), one upright crowned lion is in the crest. The seventh predator, the crowned lion, supports the coat of arms on the left. On the right side, the shield is supported by a chained unicorn. On both versions of the coat of arms, a golden harp is placed in the third azure field (representing Ireland).

The largest metropolis in Western Europe. The heart of world politics, economics, culture and fashion beats here. In terms of population, this city is inferior to Moscow (only 8 million). The world's first metro was built here in 1863. People simply call the subway “pipe.” London is unique - after all, there are such interesting and amazing places that you will not find anywhere else on the globe.

Edinburgh

Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland and the second most popular city in Great Britain. Like a fairytale town, topped by a magnificent castle on a hill, it captivates with a variety of architectural styles, a stunning abundance of pubs and clubs and an intense cultural scene.

Edinburgh is located on the east coast of Scotland, on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth.

Edinburgh was founded in the 9th – 10th centuries. In the period from the 15th to the 17th century it was the capital of Scotland. The city's heyday began in the 12th century, and it reached its greatest prosperity during the Enlightenment.

Sights - Edinburgh

Holyroodhouse Palace is the official residence of the British Queen in Scotland. Mary Stuart spent most of her life here. Now the palace houses a museum, which houses a wonderful collection of antique furniture, jewelry and portraits of Scottish kings.

Edinburgh Castle is located on a cliff at an altitude of 133 meters, so it can be seen from anywhere in the city. The castle was built in the 11th century. The oldest building is the Chapel of St. Margaret, where the royal regalia are kept - the crown, scepter and sword.

The Whiskey Heritage Center is located next to Edinburgh Castle. Here you can see how whiskey is prepared, all the stages of its preparation, and also taste the drink.

The National Gallery is one of the oldest museums in Scotland. It contains a collection of works from various periods, from the Renaissance to Postmodernism. In the National Gallery you can see paintings by Vermeer, Rubens, Titian, Tintoretto, Van Dyck, El Greco, Rembrandt, Watteau, Gainsborough, Monet, Gauguin, Pissarro, Cezanne.

Cardiff (English: Cardiff, Welsh: Caerdydd) is the largest city and capital of Wales. It is a unitary administrative unit with city status, which was obtained in 1905 due to the rapid growth of industry in the region, and the use of Cardiff as the main port for transporting coal from Wales. In 1955 the city was declared the capital of Wales. Cardiff is located in south Wales and borders Newport to the east, Caerphilly and Rhondagh Cynon Taw to the north, and the Vale of Glamorgan to the south. The capital of Wales is the city of Cardiff, an interesting mix of 19th century architecture of the city center and palaces, and modern architecture of the shops and bay.

Cardiff was declared the capital of Wales in 1955 and became Europe's youngest capital city. Situated on the Bristol Channel, Cardiff has a proud heritage as one of the world's great seaports. Today Cardiff is a delightful city, with a flavor of old and modern, where beautiful Victorian and Edwardian architecture is complemented by innovative influences.

The city dates back to Roman times, and Cardiff's name comes from the Roman general Aulus Didius - Caer Didi, meaning "Fort of Didius".

Big Ben

Big Ben, the clock on which has been keeping time since 1859. In fact, Big Ben is not the name of the tower or the clock itself, but the hour bell.

Tower Bridge

The Tower Bridge is an integrated moving bridge in London, England over the River Thames. It was its close location to the Tower of London that gave this bridge its name. The Tower has become a symbol of London; it amazes the viewer with the majesty and severity of its forms.

At night, the medieval gloom of Tower Bridge disappears and, thanks to modern illumination, it appears before us as a kind of fantastic, fairy-tale structure

Buckingham Palace

England is a country of traditions that are maintained by its inhabitants with love and sometimes funny meticulousness.

Probably the most ancient and beloved national tradition is the monarchy. Its symbol is Buckingham Palace, the residence of Queen Elizabeth II, now open to the general public.

London Eye

At 135 m high, the London Eye is the tallest Ferris wheel in the world. On it you can take a half-hour flight over the capital of Great Britain, admiring the magnificent views. The most romantic time to explore London is in the evening, when it begins to get dark and many lights come on below.

Royal Botanic Gardens

Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew gardens). In 2003, the gardens were included in the UNESCO cultural heritage list, and they certainly deserve it. It is better to immediately draw a route for yourself on the map given at the entrance - otherwise something will definitely be left out. Each season has its own brightest areas of the image. I was lucky to be there at the end of May - everything was in bloom, and it was interesting everywhere.

The gardens have three large greenhouses that are open to the public: the Temperate House, the Palm House, and the Princess of Wales Conservatory. The latter, by the way, is named not in honor of Princess Diana, but in honor of Princess Augusta, who founded the garden. Diana, however, opened it in 1987.

London Aquarium

The London Aquarium, located in the historic Old County Hall, opposite Big Ben on the banks of the Thames, is famous for its magnificent underwater exhibits.

The main exhibitions of the Aquarium are the Pacific and Atlantic tanks, each containing 1 million liters of water, in which a wide variety of fish species live - from sharks and rays to conger eels and rock perches. Both tanks accurately reproduce real-life habitats, allowing visitors to continuously enjoy views from different parts of the Aquarium. In addition to these 2 exhibits, there are also 50 additional exhibits representing fish and invertebrates from all over the world - from the shores of the British Isles, the oceans of the world and the tropical climates of the Amazon. Lectures, scuba dives and fish feedings take place to help visitors experience this mysterious underwater kingdom in central London.

London Dungeon

London Dungeons (London dungeons) is one of the most popular places in the capital of England. Live characters, attractions and state-of-the-art lighting and sound effects will take you back to the dark and gloomy medieval London.

The London Dungeon is located deep underground, in the historic district of London Southwark. The dark and sad pages of the city's history come to life in the dungeon - the great fire of 1666, which claimed the lives of more than 200,000 citizens and the Great Plague epidemic, which killed approximately 60,000 people (a fifth of the city). In the dungeon, you will meet chilling characters on your way - Jack the Ripper and Sweeney Todd, the demon barber from Fleet Street. Everything you experience in London Dungeon actually happened. But be careful and attentive - in the dark dungeons some decorations come to life!

Even on weekdays there are long queues. Don’t even plan to go dungeon crawling on the weekend - it’s impossible to get there.

A visit to London Dungeons will take about two hours, and you'll probably have to queue for the same amount of time. However, believe me, it’s worth going there, because the sensations it generates are an indescribable wild childish delight! This is a complete interactive: throughout the entire performance you are accompanied by actors, leading you through the English slums of the 16th century, with rats, prisoners and other “delights” of life of that time...

Edingburgh Castle

The castle (225 9846, located in the very center of the city, it can be seen from everywhere, any bus passing through the center of Edinburgh must stop nearby) literally and figuratively dominates the city: in terms of height, entertainment, age and historical significance. It is located on a rock in close proximity to a forever extinct volcano. Its three sides became almost vertical due to the influence of the glacier. In fact, special attention was never paid to the castle, only from the 19th century, when Sir Walter Scott began to promote everything Scottish, the castle became a symbol of the country

Palace of Holyroodhouse

The Palace of Holyroodhouse, the official Scottish residence of Her Majesty the Queen, is located at the end of Edinburgh's famous Royal Mile, opposite Arthur's Seat. This exquisite Baroque palace is closely associated Rich in Scottish history, the palace is perhaps best known for being the home of Mary, Queen of Scots, and as the setting for many of the dramatic episodes of her turbulent reign. Mary was married at Holyroodhouse Abbey and witnessed the brutal murder of Rizzio's secretary in her own chambers. Rizzio) by her jealous second husband, Lord Darnley. During the 1745 Rebellion, the palace briefly served as the residence of Bonnie Prince Charlie. In modern times, the Royal Apartments are regularly used by the Queen and other members of the royal family for state functions. ceremonies and official receptions.

From April 2008 there will be a new exhibition dedicated to the Order of the Thistle, Scotland's highest order. The Order recognizes Scots who have held public office or who have made a special contribution to the life of the nation. The exhibition also shows various historical symbols, such as the mantle worn during the knighting ceremony of the Order of the Thistle at St Giles' Cathedral in Edinburgh, attended by Queen Elizabeth II during her visit to the palace in July.

Writers Museum

The Writers' Museum is located on a narrow street off the Royal Mile. Portraits, manuscripts and personal items on display here tell the story of the lives and works of Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott and Robert Louis Stevenson. In addition, the museum hosts special events exhibitions dedicated to other famous Scottish writers of the past and present. The medieval courtyard located in front of the museum is called "Makers" Court, here, on the cobblestones, sayings of Scottish authors over the past 600 years are carved. Edinburgh's Walk of Literary Fame!

Cardiff Castle

Cardiff Castle is located in the heart of Cardiff and has a remarkable history stretching back 2,000 years. Once upon a time, the Roman legions camped here, then there was a court here, the castle was subsequently bought and modernized by the Butes family - coal magnates, who rebuilt and modernized the castle, embodying the architectural fantasies in the Gothic style, executed by the architect William Burges ( William Burges). In 1860, the Marquess of Bute was considered the richest man in the world. The Gothic towers of the castle are rich in decorations made of bone, glass and wood, and around the castle there is a garden with Mediterranean plants, decorated with Italian and Arabic decorations. The castle has a rich exhibition for visitors. You can use an audio guide. Tours are available around the rooms of the castle.

Cathay Park

In the center of the city there is “Catey Park”, it also has many different buildings of historical and architectural value. For those thirsty for cultural experiences, the path lies to the National Museum of Wales, the National Gallery, the National Opera, the St. David's Hall concert hall, and the Sherman Theater. The collection of the National Museum includes an art collection of works by post-impressionists, a unique audiovisual film “The Evolution of Wales”, in which the history of Wales is presented in archaeological monuments, historical and geographical facts.

Millennium Stadium

The pride of Cardiff is the Millennium Stadium, a huge sports stadium that hosted the Rugby World Cup in 1999. The giant, with stands installed in three rows and seven floors, can accommodate 70 thousand spectators. And it rarely stands empty; the Welsh love sporting events and actively support their favorite teams.