Wood concrete flooring on wooden beams. Useful information about monolithic flooring in a house made of aerated concrete blocks. Composition and technology

What types of floors are used in wood concrete construction? How are they supported on a wall made of wood concrete blocks?

In houses made of arbolite blocks with low number of storeys, the use of various options interfloor ceilings. This:

• floors on wooden, reinforced concrete or steel beams;
• monolithic reinforced concrete floor;
• prefabricated reinforced concrete floor slabs;
• prefabricated monolithic floors.

How to support floors on wood concrete blocks?

The floor structures are based on a distribution belt, which serves to uniformly distribute the load on the wall and prevent local chipping of the wall wood concrete blocks. It is recommended to make the armored belt from monolithic reinforced concrete.

If it is not necessary to reduce the influence of base deformation, then the use of brick belts is allowed for the arrangement of the distribution belt - that is, three rows solid brick, reinforced with masonry mesh.

In internal load-bearing walls, an armored belt should be installed across the entire width of the wall.

Floor ends with outside buildings should be thermally insulated with a 10-15 centimeter layer of wood concrete. In this case, between the end of the slab and the block it is necessary to leave a gap of -1-2 cm and fill it polyurethane foam or mineral wool (or any other easily deformable insulation).

Wooden beams on wood concrete

When using wooden structures, the ends of the beams are wrapped roll waterproofing. TO monolithic armored belt beams are secured using studs or anchor bolts mounted before concreting, or with galvanized metal corners.

Wooden beams rest on arbolite blocks at least 15 cm deep.

Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs

When using prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs, it is necessary to anchor the external walls to the floors. Bent reinforcing bars Ø8A240 are used - one side of the bar is laid along the wood concrete block, the other is attached to the mounting loop of the floor slab. Along the surface of the ceiling, the reinforcement is additionally protected with a layer of DSP. In addition, it is recommended to anchor the slabs together with metal brackets (reinforcing steel Ø8A240).

Monolithic reinforced concrete belt

The distribution belt must be made in one of the following ways:

• in formwork made of special wood concrete;
• with external formwork made of wood concrete 10-15 cm thick;
• belt across the entire width of the wall removable formwork(in this case, insulation of the armored belt is required to eliminate cold bridges).

New, and in in this case, forgotten old, wood concrete is returning to the building materials market. As practice has shown, building a house from wood concrete blocks with your own hands is a good prospect for building a strong, warm and reliable private house.

Disadvantages of brick and concrete walls known to everyone wooden houses Not everyone can afford it. An alternative to the above is wood concrete. Having 80-90% wood chips, connected with a cement binder and modified with chemical additives, wood concrete eliminates the shortcomings and enhances the advantages of wood and concrete.

Wood concrete was created and tested in the middle of the last century, and its production is regulated by GOST 19222-84.

Technologies for the construction of private houses from wood concrete

A house can be built in two ways:

1. Construction from arbolite blocks. In this case, industrially manufactured ready-made blocks from wood concrete;

Often the decision is made to make wood concrete with your own hands. Before starting work, it is important to make sure that the blocks have gained the strength and hardness necessary for work.

2. Monolithic construction from wood concrete. The use of this technology involves the formation of permanent formwork and subsequent pouring of wood concrete mortar into it.

To build a house from monolithic wood concrete need to study device technology monolithic walls. The remaining stages will be identical to block construction.

In this article we will focus on detailed description first option.

How to build a house from wood concrete blocks with your own hands

The main stages of work in the form of successive steps from A to Z.

Stage 1. Design of houses made of wood concrete

The development of the project precedes the start of work due to the need for its coordination and approval by the licensing authorities. In addition to the house plan itself, the cottage project contains information about the materials used, places and methods of connecting to communications, electrical and gas supplies, type of foundation, etc. The project makes it possible to further calculate the amount of material and the load it creates.

For your information, the design of a house made of wood concrete is no different from the design of a house made of foam concrete, and therefore a typical project can be used, taking into account the absence of the reinforcing belts necessary for foam blocks.

Stage 2. Selection of material for construction

Before you start construction work, you need to make sure you choose the right wall material.

Arbolite certainly has a number of advantages. But! Only if it is of high quality and is used for its intended purpose.

You should know that wood concrete is used in the construction of buildings with a height not exceeding 7 meters. (height of self-supporting wall). This makes it attractive when constructing a 2-3-story private house or cottage with an attic. In combination with columns or other structural elements (support pillars), taking on part of the load, construction of more floors is allowed.

Which wood concrete is suitable for building a house

To purchase a high-quality block, professionals advise paying attention to the determining factors:

• price. Homemade wood concrete is much cheaper;

• fullness and uniformity of the block. The chips should be of more or less the same fraction, densely packed. The looseness of the block indicates its low compressive and bending strength;

Note: the use of sawdust increases the thermal conductivity of the block. Large chips are not completely saturated. As a result, the adhesion of wood to cement is disrupted and the block loses strength.

• block geometry. GOST allows a deviation from the specified size not exceeding 5-7 mm. The use of a special weight during the manufacturing process allows us to reduce deviations to zero.

Note: uneven blocks may increase consumption masonry mortar by 40%, makes the use of special adhesive mixtures impractical, increases the consumption of plaster when finishing, increases the complexity and duration of work.

• color and impurities. Insertion of impurities or differences in color within the block indicate a violation of the manufacturing and drying processes.

• certificates that will indicate: cement quality, complete chemical composition, test results.

Stage 3. Construction of a foundation for a house made of wood concrete

A distinctive feature of wood concrete is good indicator bending strength, regardless of the purpose of the block. This gives the block the ability to recover from stress. In practice, this removes restrictions when choosing the type of foundation, which is an integral part of any structure. To a large extent, it is the quality of the foundation that determines the lifespan of the house.

What is the best foundation for a house made of wood concrete?

In practice, any can be used. Most often it is tape or combined.

Foundation technology for an arbolite house:

1. marking for the foundation;
2. removing the soil layer to the required depth;
3. arrangement of sand and crushed stone cushion;
4. compaction (recommended with watering to achieve greater density);
5. installation of formwork;
6. reinforcement;
7. pouring the foundation.
8. waterproofing the foundation strip;
9. backfilling of sand inside the squares formed by the foundation tape followed by compaction;
10. complete waterproofing of the foundation.

Note: during the pouring process, the channels provided for by the project are left for further installation of communications.

Before starting work, you need to decide on the size of the foundation.

• depth of placement. Depends on the type of soil, distance to groundwater, number of storeys of the building. The dependence of the parameters on the type of soil is shown in the table;

• foundation thickness. Depends on the total (static and dynamic) load on it.

When calculating static loads, you need to take into account:

• materials used in construction (their weight and quantity);
• the presence of a base;
• wall material;
• material and number of floors;
• roofing material used;
• presence of insulation and its type;
• number of windows and doors. The total weight of the warm circuit elements. When calculating the weight of the doors, you need to remember that entrance doors usually made of metal, which affects the load they create;
• material for facade cladding;
• materials for interior decoration;
• floor covering and type of flooring.
• calculated weight of furniture (195 kg/sq.m. according to SNiP 2.01.07-85).

In addition, dynamic load is taken into account:

• snow load in the region (see map). For example: the annual snow load for Moscow is 180 kg/sq.m. (according to SNiP 2.01.07-85). By multiplying this number by the roof area we get the total load. The calculations take into account the roof configuration and the resulting result must be multiplied by the coefficient M (0.94).

• wind load is calculated by the formula = House area * (15 x House height + 40);

• soil resistance to pressure exerted on it (according to SNiP 2.02.01-83). According to this standard, the resistance must exceed the pressure on it by 30%. The pressure of a building is calculated by dividing the weight of the building by the area of ​​the foundation (sole).

Note: if the soil type is not determined, it is used for calculations minimum value resistance.

Stage 4. Construction of the basement of a house made of wood concrete

The plinth will better protect the wood concrete block from the influence of water. The recommended plinth height is 500-600 mm (depending on the level of precipitation in the region and the availability drainage system around the house). The base is made of brick or concrete.

Stage 5. Construction of walls from wood concrete

Let us immediately note that the construction of arbolite walls is notable for the fact that it is advisable to use cement-sand mortar. The choice is due to the uneven geometry of the block, which makes it economically unprofitable to use special adhesive solutions used for masonry cellular concrete such as Ceresit CT 21. Increased consumption glue mixture will increase the budget for building a house.

Consumption cement-sand mortar 1 m3 per 8-10 m3 of wood concrete blocks. The value is approximate, because the geometry of the blocks is not constant, the discrepancy can be from 5 mm to 1.5 cm in width and height.

What to place wood concrete blocks on?

An alternative to the classic solution can be:

1. Perlite mortar for laying wood concrete. Its feature is the ability to increase the thermal insulation of masonry. How to make perlite mortar: perlite is added to the classic mortar (cement, sand, water). The ratio is 1 part cement = 3 parts perlite.

Note. Perlite is volatile, which means you need to work with it in the absence of wind.

2. Sawdust concrete mortar. Recipe: 3 parts of sawdust are filled with a solution of aluminum sulfate (15-25.00 rubles/kg) or calcium chloride (28-30 rubles/kg). When stirring, the sugars contained in the sawdust are neutralized. Then 1 part of cement is added.

Thermal insulating masonry mortar with perlite LM 21-P has good reviews. The Quick-mix mixture has water-holding capacity, so the blocks do not need to be moistened separately. Supplied in 17.5 kg bags, in the form of a dry powder. The solution is easily mixed with water (stir for at least 5 minutes) by hand or with a mixer (mixer). Ready solution use within 1-2 hours.

Laying walls from arbolite blocks

The technology for laying wood concrete is identical to laying a brick or foam concrete wall, except that wood concrete strongly absorbs moisture from the solution, which means that the blocks need to be moistened before starting work.

1. Laying the first row of arbolite blocks

The masonry starts from the corner and is laid out in rows, periodically checking the degree of deviation with a level. The blocks are easy to process, so there will be no difficulties with adjusting the size.

The width of the seam depends on the geometry of the block and is 10-30 mm.

The solution is applied to the block of the previous row along the edges of the block. Thus, an air thermal break is obtained, which compensates for the high thermal conductivity of the masonry mortar.

On the construction forum, according to reviews, many users use additional method insulation of masonry by laying polystyrene foam tape in the seams, wooden slats etc. The gasket creates a gap in the mortar joint and thereby eliminates the appearance of cold bridges. How expedient this is, everyone decides for themselves.

Material prepared for the website www.site

The optimal thickness of wood concrete walls is 30 cm, for houses of two floors and above - 40 cm. A simple rule applies - the thicker the wall, the warmer it is. A arbolite wall thickness of 20 cm is possible if brick cladding or additional insulation is provided from the inside and outside. How thick the wall should be depends on what region the house is in, how it will be heated, and what the construction budget is.

2. Reinforcement of walls made of wood concrete

Craftsmen advise stiffening a wood concrete wall by reinforcing it. To reinforce wood concrete, use a polymer (plastic) mesh or metal rods, treated with anti-corrosion compounds (for example, UR-108 enamel). Thus, the corners of the building, the junction of walls, window and door openings are strengthened. Unlike aerated concrete and foam concrete, no mandatory requirement in masonry reinforcement, but many users reinforce every 3-4 rows of masonry.

3. Laying wood concrete (dressing)

Arbolite blocks are stacked in checkerboard pattern(masonry with dressing). This is necessary for reliable adhesion. No more than 3 rows are laid out around the perimeter. Then there is a break for a day. During this time, the solution will dry and you can continue working. That is why external walls are often built together with internal ones.

Advice. Adding additives to the solution that increase the rate of strength gain of cement will increase the speed of work.

The “Shuttle” accelerator, which provides strength gain in 12 hours (consumption of 3 liters per 100 kg of cement, price 75 rubles/100 g) and the “Virtuoso Start” accelerator, which also contains an anti-shrinkage agent, have proven themselves well. Provides 50% strength gain in 3 hours (consumption 1 liter per 100 kg of cement, price 80 rubles/100 g).

4. Lintels over window and door openings

The photo shows step by step how to make a lintel over a window and over a door in a house made of wood concrete. Two options for covering openings.

Installation of jumpers from a metal corner

(the edges of the corner are walled into the walls, blocks are installed inside)

Installation of a channel lintel

(a groove was cut out in the wood concrete blocks for inserting a channel)

5. Installation of an armored belt under the ceiling in a house made of wood concrete

After erecting the wall, before laying the floor (interfloor or attic) on the wood concrete wall, you need to pour a concrete (monolithic) reinforcing belt. Its arrangement will give the wall strength, allow it to more evenly distribute the load and securely secure the Mauerlat.

How to make an armored belt on wood concrete:

• one outer row is laid out in half a block (you can purchase a narrow block or cut a wall one). This will be the outer part of the formwork;

• formwork is installed on the inside from edged boards, plywood or a narrow wood concrete block is also used;

• processed reinforcement is placed into the resulting recess (diameter 10 mm, in 6 rows) and filled with concrete (the grade of concrete is the same as that used for the foundation).

To make an armored belt, it is convenient to use a special U-shaped block (tray U-arboblock).

6. Installation of house floors made of wood concrete

A monolithic reinforced concrete slab, wooden or metal beams can be used as a flooring material.

Advice. Manufacturers of wood concrete blocks recommend producing. You don't need to fill in for this. concrete belt. After all, the ability of wood concrete to “pull” moisture from concrete does not have the best effect on the quality of the pour. Additional supplements will be required. It is also advisable to use wooden floors for installing door and window openings. The masters completely agree with them and recommend using wooden beam as a lining of the perimeter of the wall under the ceiling.

The Mauerlat is attached to the wood concrete with the obligatory laying of a layer of waterproofing.

7. Installation of communications in a house made of wood concrete

Laying communication systems does not create difficulties. Any holes can be easily made in wood concrete blocks, so there is no need to immediately lay additional channels for sewerage, pipes, heating, etc.

Some people use a hollow block, installing it on an edge.

Stage 6. Construction of a roof for a house made of wood concrete

On arbolite walls You can install a rafter system of any configuration. Choice roofing material also not regulated.

Experts advise using bitumen shingles for roofing works. They explain their choice by saying that bitumen shingles can perceive minor vibrations of wood concrete walls without the appearance of significant defects.

An important nuance when constructing a roof will be compliance with the rule - moving the roof 300-500 away from the wall, which will protect it from direct contact with rain and melt water.

ARBOLIT- This building material is a type of lightweight concrete. The composition of the wood concrete includes M500 cement; water; wood chips of certain sizes, treated with lime, alumina sulfate, or simply aged for at least a month outdoors(chips should be at least 80-90% of the total volume of the block). Arbolite is made without the use of sand. Arbolite is widely used in Russia for the construction of houses, dachas, bathhouses, garages, but mainly in those regions where there is a lot of forest. After all, in order to produce 1 m3 of wood concrete, you need 1.3 m3 of dry wood chips of the sizes determined by GOST. That is why all the main production of wood concrete in Russia is located in regions rich in forests.

Arbolite is a large-porous material that provides excellent air exchange in rooms, thereby making the microclimate in the house very comfortable for living;

wood concrete density is 500-600 kg/m3, which allows saving on the foundation;

wood concrete has low thermal conductivity;

the strength of wood concrete B2 and excellent characteristics of tensile and bending strength make it possible to build houses with a height of 2-3 floors with a wall thickness of 30-40 cm without any problems. In this case, you can use both wooden and reinforced concrete floors;

big and convenient sizes blocks speed up the construction process and save money on paying workers;

despite the fact that wood concrete consists almost entirely of wood chips, it does not rot and is not susceptible to infection by microorganisms and fungi. Wood acquires such properties after processing, provided it is in a solution of high-grade cement and mineral additives.

wood concrete belongs to the class of fire-resistant materials and is able to withstand an open flame with a temperature of at least 1000°C for 45-90 minutes.

Wood concrete is resistant to impact and mechanical stress, and at the same time is easy to drill and saw, and easily holds fasteners.

The specific heat capacity of wood concrete is several times greater than that of brick, which is why in houses made of wood concrete summer heat It’s cool, and in the cold of winter, wood concrete walls can retain heat for a long time.

Arbolite is manufactured in accordance with current GOST 19222-84 and Instructions for the design, manufacture and use of structures and products made of wood concrete (Approved by resolution State Committee USSR for Construction Affairs dated May 4, 1982 No. 116).

History of wood concrete

Developed and standardized in the 60s. During the years of the USSR, more than 100 wood concrete plants were built.

Wood concrete production technology

For the manufacture of wood concrete and products made from it, it is used following materials:

* mineral binder (Portland cement, Portland cement with mineral additives, sulfate-resistant cement - except pozzolanic - according to GOST 10178 and GOST 22266 grades of at least 300 - for heat-insulating wood concrete and 400 - for structural wood concrete);
* organic fillers (chopped wood from waste from logging, sawmilling and woodworking of coniferous (spruce, pine, fir) and deciduous (birch, aspen, beech, poplar) species, hemp and flax bonfire, chopped cotton stalks and chopped rice straw);
* additional substances (hardening accelerators, steam generator, plasticizers, steel corrosion inhibitors, etc.) according to GOST 24211;
* water according to GOST 23723.

Types of wood concrete

There are the following types of wood concrete - thermal insulation (density from 400 to 500 kg/m³) and structural (density from 500 to 850 kg/m³). It is used in the form of ready-made building blocks or slabs for the construction of self-supporting walls or internal partitions buildings, and also as a heat-insulating and sound-proofing material.

Characteristics

The thermal conductivity of wood concrete is 0.07-0.17 W/(m K). The most important characteristic wood concrete, like any building material, is the compressive strength. The compressive strength of wood concrete varies from M5-M10 for thermal insulation to M25-M50 and even up to M100 for structural.

Wood concrete has increased bending strength and absorbs sound waves quite well.

Wood concrete does not support combustion and is convenient for processing. Structural types have high rate bending strength, can restore their shape after temporarily exceeding the maximum load.

The disadvantages of wood concrete include reduced moisture resistance. Outside surface Wood concrete structures in contact with atmospheric moisture must have a protective finishing layer. It is advisable to maintain air humidity in rooms with wood concrete walls no higher than 75%.

Application of wood concrete

Arbolite is used for monolithic construction low-rise buildings for residential, commercial and industrial purposes, as well as in the form of blocks.

Questions and answers

How many blocks are needed for a bathhouse measuring 2x4 meters?

Approximate calculation for a 2x4 meter bath (according to external dimensions)

Perimeter of the building (2+4)x2= 12 meters, wall thickness 20 cm (block laid on edge)

With a wall height of 2.4 m from the base, 12x0.2x2.4 = 5.76 cubic meters. minus windows and doors.
With a wall height of 2.1 m from the base, 12x0.2x2.1 = 5.04 cubic meters. minus windows and doors.

What kind of solution is used to lay arbolite blocks?

The laying of arbolite blocks is carried out on cement-sand mixture(CPS). For greater plasticity, a certain amount of fluff lime can be added to the mixture. In order to avoid cold bridges, perlite can be added to the CPS during laying. In the same way, sawdust can be used instead of perlite, but it will require mineralization to neutralize sugars.

Is it possible to use wood concrete blocks as a foundation, or for the construction of a basement?

The use of wood concrete in the foundation is not recommended, not because it will not withstand the loads, but because the natural humidity of the earth is much higher natural humidity air, even during rain; secondly, this humidity is constant, and if there is also water influx in the form of high water or groundwater, then everything gets even worse. Arbolite is a material with high water absorption, i.e. it will begin to absorb water from the soil, and constantly, accordingly the material will have high humidity. But when the humidity begins to differ greatly from the norm, the wood concrete’s thermal conductivity immediately increases and some other characteristics in the wall deteriorate. That is why it is not recommended for foundation. It is impossible to achieve such critical humidity values ​​in a wall, even if you water it with a brassboil during the day; it will dry out overnight and release excess water into the atmosphere.

How tall can you build houses from wood concrete?

Arbolite is divided into structural and thermal insulation. As the name suggests, build buildings with load-bearing walls from wood concrete stands from structural wood concrete. The strength of M25 wood concrete blocks is sufficient for the construction of a building of 2.5 floors with floors made of hollow core slabs.

When building a house made of wood concrete, is it possible to use hollow core slabs as floors?

Can be used different kinds interfloor floors, such as hollow core slabs, interfloor floors made of expanded clay concrete, floors wooden beams, and so on. To evenly distribute the load on the walls, it is recommended to make an armored belt between floors.

Is it possible to use a regular concrete mixer instead of a mixing station?

No, concrete mixers are not capable of producing high-quality wood concrete mixture. An example of what happens to a concrete mixer when mixing wood concrete can be seen at our production site. At the same time, the mixing station not only mixes the mixture, but also additionally, by grinding the chips with an auger, brings it to the size required by GOST.

Wood concrete is more expensive than foam concrete, why is it better?

In addition to the best thermal insulation properties (70% on average), allowing you to avoid additional work In terms of insulation, arbolite blocks, when the load is exceeded, under shock loads, do not crack like foam concrete, but shrink, easily restoring their original shape after removing the load. This plasticity not only saves money during transportation and construction, but also protects the house from cracks during operation caused by shrinkage, temperature changes and other factors. In terms of earthquake resistance, wood concrete houses have almost no competitors. When building a house from wood concrete, unlike foam concrete, no reinforcement is required, which also significantly reduces the cost of work and materials. By summing up all construction costs, a house made of wood concrete is cheaper than a house made of foam concrete. Wood concrete has better frost resistance (the ability to withstand repeated freezing and thawing in a water-saturated state without signs of destruction or loss of strength), is more environmentally friendly, etc.

Is it possible to make wood concrete not from wood chips, but from sawdust?

It is possible, wood concrete made from sawdust is often called sawdust concrete. The characteristics of sawdust concrete are in many ways superior to other similar materials, although they are inferior to wood concrete made from wood chips.

Wooden I-beams are a modern high-tech material that has no analogues in terms of price and quality ratio with an estimated rafter length of more than 5 meters. This roof will last long years, without deforming or collapsing under the influence of natural factors. The InterCity company calculates and selects I-beams for rafter system, we also give recommendations on installation and joint solutions for wooden I-beams own production made from high quality materials using special technology.

I-beam production technology

Wooden I-beams are made from OSB boards and planed timber chamber drying(Wood series), as well as LVL-timber glued using European technology (LVL series).

Advantages of a wooden I-beam:

• durability;
• ideal declared geometry;
• use only dry chamber-drying material;
• possibility of installing long spans (maximum length is 12 m);
• high accuracy and stability of geometry;
• possibility of year-round use in construction;
• Possibility of internal installation engineering communications;
• convenient installation (5-10 times faster than for reinforced concrete monolith, hollow core slab and boards), with minimal costs labor and without the need for special equipment.

Floor beams (I-beams) do not crack or deform over time. GreenLum products – great alternative heavy and difficult to work metal and reinforced concrete coverings, the installation of which is associated with the need to perform “wet” work, additional involvement of reinforcement workers, concrete workers, etc.

Applicable in:

• basement floors of houses made of gas blocks, foam blocks, gas silicate, wood concrete, aerated concrete, foam concrete;
• interfloor floors of houses made of aerated concrete blocks, foam blocks, gas silicate, wood concrete, aerated concrete, foam concrete;
• attic floors houses made of aerated concrete, foam blocks, gas silicate, wood concrete, aerated concrete, foam concrete;

Don't want to get into the details?

Send us drawings of your block house, you can even make it by hand. We will quickly draw the layout of I-beams, select the cross-section, calculate the quantity, and also guide you on the cost and time of production of the material. If necessary, we will calculate the cost of delivery. The ceiling in a house made of blocks must be no less strong and reliable than the walls, so we calculate the beams for a load of 400 kg/m2, which ensures structural rigidity according to SNiP.

Prefabricated monolith (ceiling)

Despite the development construction technologies in all directions, the design of floors still remains conservative, where they are used for the most part traditional methods, stubbornly ignoring progressive solutions.

Installing floors is a labor-intensive and expensive task. IN construction estimates to a share concrete floors up to 20% of costs are reduced.

Prefabricated monolithic technology has been tested in practice in European countries for 20 years. The installation principle is the same, but this technology may involve the use of various materials.

1. Wooden formwork board

2. Vertical wooden support

3. Support wall of the building

4.5. Building wall block

6. Layer of concrete (300-500 mm)

7. Flat reinforcing structure connected in the form of a “mesh” (D-6 reinforcement, cell 200x200 mm.)

8. Block cassette / filler material

9. Volumetric reinforcing structure connected according to the “square” principle (D-12 reinforcement)

10. Concrete filling the interblock reinforced space

Prefabricated monolithic floors made of wood concrete are based on the generally accepted principles of prefabricated monolithic technology,

at the same time, they have elements of improvement aimed at simplifying installation and improving the quality of the final result.

1. Use of ready-made specialized metal structures made like “trusses” with additional stiffeners, is many times superior to volumetric reinforcing structures connected by workers on site, both in terms of speed and ease of installation, and in terms of strength characteristics. So one such design, maximum length 11.7 m, supported only in two extreme points, easily supports the weight of an adult without visible signs of deflection.

Advantages of SPAIT metal structures in comparison with common European analogues:

- light weight - the metal structure is 11.7 m long and weighs only 44 kg.

(for comparison, 6 meter beam for a prefabricated monolith Teriva (Poland) has a weight of 72 kg., an 8-meter beam SerboCeramika (Serbia) - 68 kg.)

- ease of installation , transportation and use - any design can be easily given the required length both during transportation and on site

(cut, weld, tie)

- installation speed - assembly of floors using ready-made metal structures significantly saves time and labor costs during installation

- reliability - metal structures, thanks to their design features(in the form of a "farm"), are lighter(due to using less

amount of metal) and, at the same time, more durable than the commonly used methods of knitting a volumetric reinforcing structure (in the shape of a “square”)

- efficiency

2. Use of arbolite blocks-liners as a filler material allows you to create not only an incredibly light and strong floor, but also with the highest sound and thermal insulation properties, superior in their performance to well-known foreign analogues.

Characteristics of frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floor

This is a frequently ribbed ceiling consisting of reinforced concrete structures(by type of trusses) and arbolite blocks placed between them. The length of structures can reach 11.7 m, and the weight linear meter design is 3.8 kg. The floor structures are 100 mm wide. and are installed at a distance of 650 mm. from each other, and wood concrete blocks weighing about 7 kg are placed in this space. It is recommended to lay two polyethylene-coated boards (not edged) under the structures, which will serve as formwork for metal structures, as well as support points for placing wood concrete block liners. To ensure that the formwork boards do not sag during concreting of the floor, it is recommended to install them under them in several places. support posts(wooden supports are installed at a distance of 1 m to 2 m, depending on the thickness of the formwork board). Placed on top of structures and blocks metal grid, step 200x200 mm. (D rod 6 mm.), and concreting is carried out, moreover, concrete mixture compacted by vibration so that the ceiling structure is dense and has no pores. The concrete class is accepted to be no lower than B-25. Thickness monolithic concrete above the surface of the blocks is 30 mm, and the total ceiling height is 200 mm. After the concrete reaches 100% strength, the floor will be able to bear a load of up to 670 kg/sq.m. excluding their own weight, for comparison: reinforced concrete slabs have a similar indicator of 400 - 430 kg/sq.m., monolith 200 - 250 kg/sq.m.

Advantages of prefabricated monolithic floors:

Light weight(so, 1 sq.m. of flooring (including the top layer of concrete) weighs about 260 kg, while 1 sq.m. of reinforced concrete floor slab weighs about 380 kg. As a result, covering an area of ​​200 sq.m. with flooring , you get a weight saving - 24 tons!).
No need for a truck crane(the ceiling is assembled from individual small-sized elements. Characteristically, they are so light that a crane is not needed for their assembly - they are assembled manually. The ceiling elements assembled in this way can be mounted immediately after delivery to the construction site, attaching them to the walls and forming the necessary ceiling).
No screed needed to level the subfloor(when installing a heated floor, this is especially important, since it can be laid directly on the ceiling).
Floors can easily replace wooden and weakened floors in existing houses(small dimensions constituent elements overlaps allow you to work with it in hard to reach places).
Easy construction of floors in rooms with complex shapes - bay windows, ledges, openings (for stairs), etc.
Ensuring the load-bearing capacity of floors up to 1000 kg/sq.m. (taking into account your own weight).
The highest level of thermal protection and sound insulation in the building(the floors consist almost entirely of wood concrete blocks, which means they do not require either insulation or sound insulation).
Possibility to modify floor structures on the construction site: trim, shorten, give the required shape.
The use of truss structures for the installation of powerful load-bearing jumpers(2 structures are installed under the load-bearing partitions, which provides the necessary bearing capacity ceilings).
Saving by 20-25% in cost compared to floors made of reinforced concrete slabs and by 35-40% in comparison with a monolith.
Significant savings on delivery(due to small overall dimensions beam sections, it is possible to deliver to construction site up to 250 sq.m. SMP with one machine).

Thus, taking into account all the materials, labor and costs of using heavy equipment

arbolite prefabricated monolithic floors in one and a half times cheaper than floors made of reinforced concrete slabs

and almost in twice cheaper than monolithic floors.

Prefabricated monolith (foundation)

Conditional connection of the installation principles of the Frequently Ribbed Prefabricated Monolithic Floor and the principle of the Insulated Swedish Foundation Slab

made it possible to develop a warm prefabricated monolithic foundation slab (FSMP).

Similarities and advantages of FSMP in comparison with USP:

1. Reliable - the basis of the FSMP is made up of arbolite blocks, the strength characteristics of which significantly exceed the strength of expanded polystyrene.

The thickness of the FSMP is 30 cm. It can serve as a full-fledged foundation for buildings up to 3 floors high, an excellent foundation for houses made of any materials from lightweight

frame to brick.

2. Excellent heat-saving properties - provides a material with excellent thermal insulation properties - wood concrete, evenly distributed over the entire surface

residential premises of the future building.

3. Highest sound-absorbing properties (dampers vibration well).

4. Integrated communications - the ability to connect all communication systems through the FSMP, including sewerage, water, electricity, water pipe laying

heating system (all that remains is to connect the plumbing and make the wiring).

5. Absolutely environmentally friendly - wood concrete (unlike EPPS, which is traditionally used as part of USP) is made from absolutely safe for

human materials (wood, cement, aluminum sulfate - used for drinking water purification)

5. No installation seams - upon completion of installation, the surface of the FSMP has an absolutely smooth surface, suitable for use as a base for

finishing flooring (finishing screed need not).

6. Absolute biostability - FSMP contains materials that are not susceptible to rotting or the effects of mold and mildew.

7. Fire safety - wood concrete is not flammable.

8. Simplicity and high speed installation - labor costs required for assembly and pouring 200 sq.m. surface FSMP is 3 people; period of FSMP assembly and filling

is 2-3 days.

9. No extensive excavation work.

10. No need to use heavy special equipment (except concrete pump).

11. Economical - the most expensive component of any foundation is concrete, the content of which in FSMP is reduced to a minimum (concrete savings for FSMP will be

about 20-30% compared to the volume of concrete required for pouring strip foundation; at the same time, the FSMP is not only the foundation, but at the same time

full floor covering).

Algorithm of work when installing FSMP:

1) Excavation- the top fertile layer of soil is removed, while the bottom of the pit must be leveled to the horizon.

2) Geotextile flooring- it copes well with the function of a separating layer. During operation it does not rot or collapse.

3) Construction of a sand cushion- consists of filling a sand cushion and compacting it. It is advisable to press wet sand in layers to achieve maximum cushion density. The thickness of the sand layer is about 15 cm.

4) Installation of the drainage system and laying of communications(water, sewerage, electricity) - to lay a sewerage system, it is necessary to follow the sequence: compaction of a sand bed, excavation of sand for laying a sewer line, backfilling of sand, spilling it, repeated general compaction.

5) Gravel bed- similar to a sand cushion, its thickness is also about 15 cm. The crushed stone is carefully leveled over the entire area of ​​the future foundation, leveled in height (reinforcement rods with marks placed in advance in the thickness of the sand and gravel cushion can serve as beacons), and rammed.

6) Assembly of the FSMP body consists in laying out metal structures and wood concrete blocks according to the project - it is best to start with formwork blocks (along the perimeter), laid on the end (300 mm high) and fastened together (gravel/block, block/block) using masonry mortar; all metal structures must be securely fastened together (binding and welding does not matter).

7) Arrangement of outputs of communication systems(water, sewerage, electricity) - the wood concrete filler block is easy to process (sawed, cut), so a lot of time and effort is not spent on arranging the exits.

8) Layout of masonry mesh

9) Installation of warm water heating- carried out in accordance with the project.

10) Layout of masonry mesh(200x200mm., D6) - the mesh must be laid out with a slight overlap (one cell is enough), and also tied with tying wire to the metal structures in some places (ensuring there is no movement of the mesh).

11) Filling with concrete (grade no less than M25)- the use of a concrete pump and a vibratory screed will speed up and simplify the process, as well as improve the quality of execution of the FSMP.

After the FSMP has completely dried, you can begin laying the walls of the future structure!