The farmer cultivates the land using a special one. The farmer cultivates the land using special equipment. the subject of this activity is

Option 1

A1. A single representative of the human race, a bearer of social and mental traits

A. Man in. Personality

b. Citizen of the city Individual

A2. The motivation for activity related to the satisfaction of needs is called

A. Goal c. Motive

b. Result d. Ability

A3. Activities that result in the creation of new material and spiritual values ​​are

A. Communication into creativity

b. Understanding d. cognition

A4. Are the following statements about human freedom true?

A. Human freedom is synonymous with permissiveness.

B. Human freedom is impossible in conditions of social connections and interactions.

A5. Are the following statements about human activity true?

A. Human activity transforms the world around us and changes the person himself.

B. A person does not always manage to plan and control his activities.

A. Only A is correct. both judgments are correct

b. only B is true d. both judgments are incorrect

A6. The theory of human origin, which considers the process of its emergence and development, is called

A. Sociogenesis c. Anthropogenesis

b. Egocentrism d. Dualism

A7. Are the following statements true?

A. Outside of society, an individual cannot become a person.

B. A newborn baby is a person.

A. Only A is correct. both judgments are correct

b. only B is true d. both judgments are incorrect

A8. The farmer cultivates the land using special equipment. The subject of this activity is

A. land in. cultivated crop

b. farmer's equipment

A9. Are the following judgments about human life in society true?

A. Only A is correct. both judgments are correct

b. only B is true d. both judgments are incorrect

A10. Agents of primary socialization are

A. television employees production colleagues

b. city ​​officials parents

Q1. Below are the names of the needs. All of them, with the exception of one, are names under which natural human needs are presented in various classifications.

Biological, physiological, social, organic, natural, primary.

Q3. Read the text below, each position of which is numbered.

1. Avicenna, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin - these are a few names of child prodigies whose genius has revealed itself to its full potential over the years. 2. Ufologists consider the appearance of child prodigies to be the intervention of aliens. 3. According to biophysicists, prodigies are “made” by geomagnetic waves that affect the fetus. 4. The Earth’s geomagnetic field varies and its intensity depends on the Sun and other planets.

Determine which provisions of the text are

A) factual nature B) nature of value judgments.

AT 6. Read the text below, in which a number of words (phrases) are missing. Select from the list of words (phrases) that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

The simplest, most accessible type of activity is ______________ (1). It bears a conditional ___________(2) and fulfills the child’s need for activity and knowledge of the world around him based on the assimilation of human forms of behavior. A more complex type of activity is __________(3), aimed at mastering scientific ______(4) and acquiring relevant skills and abilities. The most important activity is considered___________ (5). It ensures not only the existence of human __________(6), but is also a condition for its continuous______(7). Among its types, they distinguish between objective-practical and abstract-theoretical, or the first is often called physical, and the second - mental.”

G) development

I) society

K) sign

(Give a detailed answer to the tasks in part C.)

“Psychic properties are not an initial given; they are formed and developed in the process of individual activity. Just as an organism does not develop first and then functions, but develops while functioning, so a personality does not develop first and then begins to act: it is formed, acting, in the course of its activity. In activity, personality is both formed and manifested. Being, as a subject of activity, its prerequisite, it is at the same time its result.<...>In work, learning, and play, all aspects of the psyche are formed and manifested. But not all mental content of a person’s action or deed, not every mental state can equally be attributed to any stable properties of a person that would characterize some aspect of his mental appearance. Some acts in their mental content rather characterize the circumstances of some transitory situation, which is not always significant and indicative of the individual.

Therefore, the question especially arises of how relatively stable mental properties of an individual are formed and consolidated.

The mental properties of a person - his abilities and character traits - are formed in the course of life. The innate characteristics of the body are only inclinations - very ambiguous, which determine, but do not predetermine the mental properties of a person. Based on the same inclinations, a person can develop different properties - abilities and character traits, depending on the course of his life and activity, not only manifest themselves, but are also formed. In work, study and labor, people’s abilities are developed and developed; Character is formed and tempered in life's deeds and actions. This way of action, in unity and interpenetration with the objective conditions of existence, acting as a way of life, significantly determines the way of thoughts and motives, the entire structure, makeup, or mental appearance of the individual.”

NW. What two mental properties of personality does the author name? Indicate any two features of the process of their formation.

C4. Do, in your opinion, the objective conditions of a person’s existence influence his mental appearance? How does the author justify his opinion? Based on your knowledge of the course and your own experience, give two arguments that support the author’s opinion.

Final work on the topic “MAN”

Option 2

A1. Characterizes a person as a person

A. type of temperament c. belonging to a certain race

b. external appearance traits d. ability to communicate with other people

A2. A conscious image of the expected outcome towards which human activity is aimed is called

A. Goal c. motive

b. Result d. Need

A3. Self-knowledge is aimed at

A. knowledge of social norms and values ​​c. awareness of one's capabilities

b. reflection of objective reality d. knowledge of the laws of beauty

A5. Are the following judgments about human life in society true?

A. The ability to live in society is inherent in man by nature itself.

B. Personality can only be formed in human society.

A. Only A is correct. both judgments are correct

b. only B is true d. both judgments are incorrect

A4. Human needs, determined by his biological nature, include the needs for

A. Self-preservation c. self-knowledge

b. Self-realization d. self-education

A5.. Are the following judgments correct?

A. Socialization represents the process of spontaneous assimilation by a person of a certain system of knowledge, norms, and values ​​that allow him to act as a full member of a given society.

B. Socialization acts as a process and a result of a child’s inclusion in society.

A. Only A is correct. both judgments are correct

b. only B is true d. both judgments are incorrect

A6. Personality qualities are manifested in

A. features of man as a biological organism c. characteristics of temperament

b. hereditary predisposition d. socially transformative activity

A7.Musical theater artists perform a classic performance. The objects of this activity are

A. Decorations in. musical instruments

b. Performers and spectators

A8. Agents of secondary socialization are

A. close relatives c. teachers

b. parents d. friends

A9. Constructing in your mind the desired result of an activity

A. Fantasy c. motivation

b. Intuition d. imagination

A 10. . Are the following statements about human activity true?

A. Human activity is predominantly conscious.

B. Human activity is always creative.

A. Only A is correct. both judgments are correct

b. only B is true d. both judgments are incorrect

IN 1. Below are a number of human qualities. All of them, with the exception of one, are social qualities of the individual.

Decency, intelligence, hard work, humanity, law-abidingness.

Find and write down the name of another type of need that “falls out” from this series.

Q2. Find the motives for activity in the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

AT 3. Read the text below, each position of which is numbered.

I. Art uses an artistic image for cognition and expresses an aesthetic attitude to reality. 2. Hesiod argued that the muses tell lies that resemble the truth. 3. The fact is that in an artistic image two principles are combined: objective-cognitive and subjective-creative. 4. An artistic image is a reflection of reality through the subjective perception of it by the artist himself and those who perceive the work of art.

Determine which provisions of the text are: A) factual in nature; B) the nature of value judgments.

AT 4. Read the text below, in which a number of words (phrases) are missing. Select from the proposed list of words (phrases) that need to be inserted in place of the gaps

“Abilities have natural prerequisites -_______(1), but their manifestation depends on individual development __________-(2). Much also depends on the environment, because gifted children can spend hours doing what they love, which is both work and (3) for them. But adults sometimes use coercive measures that only cause feelings of resentment and reduce ________(4) to this activity. Totality

a person’s mental abilities and his ability to apply them in different situations are called _____________ (5). If a person has achieved such results in his activities that influenced the entire history of mankind, became world famous, constituted an entire era in the life of society or the development of culture; then in such cases they talk about _________(6).”

A) Talent B) inclinations

B) Personality D) person

D) genius E) game

G) intelligence 3) interest

Part C

Give a detailed answer to the questions in Part C.

“Each individual of Homo sapiens is endowed at birth with the constitution of a primate animal, but lacks any culture. Culture is acquired in the process of individual development, as a result of learning in a broad sense. In the first years of development, each individual passes from the state of a humanoid animal (at birth) through the barbarian stage (child) to the human state. And this mental development of the individual occurs as a result of the formative influence of social factors and education<...>

In the light of evolutionary biology, man is a mammal, more precisely a primate, even more precisely an anthropoid, even more precisely a representative of a very highly developed anthropoid type. These successive stages, or grades, of organic evolution are inherent in the human body. But man is more than an animal; it is a product not only of organic but also of cultural evolution. Cultural evolution adds another layer , or, if you like, a series of layers, to human nature. A dual constitution - partly biological, and partly cultural - is embedded in humanity through the process of its evolutionary development. The uppermost layer of the stratified constitution of man, the layer imposed by cultural evolution, is the decisive layer by which man differs from animals. Man is an animal endowed with culture<...>

Cultural heritage, or the inheritance of traditions, is the entire body of knowledge, ideas, arts, customs and technological skills that a given human society has at its disposal at any given moment in its history. This entire sum of knowledge and traditions is the result of discoveries and inventions made by previous generations. It is and will be transmitted from generation to generation through education in the broadest sense of the word. Each generation can contribute something new to the cultural heritage, and all these contributions will also be passed on to subsequent generations through the same learning process<...>The differences between twentieth-century man and Stone Age man in morphological characteristics, including cranial capacity, are relatively small. However, the differences in their culture are huge. The changes that have taken place in Homo sapiens from Paleolithic times to the present stage of its development are caused mainly by cultural evolution."

C2. What factors shaping the human condition does the author name?

NW. How does evolutionary biology define humans? What definition does the author give to a person?

C4. What is the role of learning in the development of humanity in a person?

Answers

C - 1 option

C1. A) People are not born with personality.

§ personality is not formed first and then begins to act:

§ Being, as a subject of activity, its prerequisite, it is at the same time its result.

C2. " In activity, personality is both formed and manifested.”

“In work, learning, and play, all aspects of the psyche are formed and manifested.”

C3 . Mental properties: abilities, character traits

Process Features :

· People's abilities develop in work, study and labor

Character is formed in actions and actions

· Abilities are not innate, they are formed during life

· Inclinations develop into abilities during life.

person.

Rationale : ... "the way of actions in unity and interpenetration with the objective conditions of existence, acting as a way of life, significantly determines the way of thoughts and motives, the entire structure, makeup, or mental appearance of the individual."

Arguments: Mowgli cannot develop like people,

in dysfunctional families, children's deviations in mental development are more significant.

C - option 2

· « endowed at birth with the constitution of an animal"

· « this is a mammal, more precisely a primate, even more precisely - an anthropoid, even more precisely - a representative of the anthropoids of a very highly developedlike"

Rationale:

· "process indievisual development,

§ result of trainingVin a broad sense."

C2.Factors:

· « Culture is acquired through the process ofvisual development as a result of trainingVin a broad sense.»

· “the mental development of an individual occurs as a result of the formative influence of social factors and education<...>

· « IN in the light of evolutionary biology, man is a mammal, more precisely a primate, even more precisely an anthropoid, even more precisely a representative of the anthropoids of a very highly developedlike."

· « These successive steps, or grades, of organic evolution are embedded in

human body."

C4.assumptions:

· allows you to accumulate knowledge, ideas, develop art, preserve customs...

· Contributes to the transfer of knowledge

· Provides renewal and replenishment of culture

construction of the Tsimlyansk reservoir; c) formation of races; d) the development of trade and navigation in Ancient Greece. 2. Rational cognition (the process of thinking) does not involve the production of: a) concepts; b) judgments; c) representations; d) inferences. 3. The world religions do not include: a) Buddhism; b) Islam; c) animism; d) Christianity. 4. Determine which of the statements is true. A. The statement “An apple tree is a tree” is an inference. B. Statement “All people are mortal. Antonov is a man.. Therefore, Antonov is mortal” is a judgment. 1) only A is true; 3) both statements are true; 2) only B is true; 4) both statements are incorrect. 5. A social need is the need for: 1) food; 2) air; 3) water; 4) family. 6. Social norms are: a) traditions; b) documents; c) morals; d) contracts; e) laws of nature. 7. The family as a social institution performs the following functions: a) reproductive; b) leisure; c) educational; d) socialization; d) erotic. 8. The economic sphere of society is characterized by: 1) the most important discoveries and inventions in science; 2) national differentiation; 3) social division of labor; 4) social conflicts. 9. Meaningful drivers of human activity include: 1) motives; 2) attractions; 3) habits; 4) emotions. 10. What type of family prevails in industrial society? a) extended family, b) small family, c) large family, d) nuclear family, e) temporary unregistered marriage. 11. Unlike nature, society: 1) is a system; 2) is in development; 3) acts as a creator of culture; 4) develops according to its own laws. 12. Which feature is inherent in a traditional society? 1) developed factory production; 2) creation of the main product in agriculture; 3) completion of the industrial revolution; 4) highly developed infrastructure. 13. . All types of industrial, social and spiritual activities of man and society, as well as all their results together can be called: 1) culture; 2) economics; 3) worldview; 4) history. 14. What function of science is illustrated by the development of new ways to protect a person’s home from unauthorized intrusion? 1) cognitive; 2) prognostic; 3) explanatory; 4) social. 15. Are the following judgments about the relationship between spheres of public life true? A. The increase in government spending on the production of new types of weapons is an example of the connection between the political and economic spheres of society. B. Funding by a patron of the museum’s activities is an example of the connection between the economic and spiritual spheres of society. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect. 16. For which science is the question of the relationship between the concepts of “good” and “evil” the main one? 1) psychology; 2) ethics; 3) aesthetics; 4) sociology. 17. Man, unlike animals, has the ability to: 1) act together with his own kind; 2) see the purpose of your actions; 3) educate offspring; 4) protect yourself from danger. 18. What activity is characterized by generalizing the properties of things in concepts? 1) material and production; 2) socially transformative; 3) spiritual and practical; 4) spiritual and theoretical. 1 19. A farmer cultivates the land using special equipment. The subject of this activity is: 1) land; 2) technology; 3) the crop being grown; 4) farmer. 20. Are the following truth statements true? A. The relativity of truth is due to the boundlessness and variability of the comprehended world. B. The relativity of truth is due to the limited cognitive capabilities of man. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect. 21. Culture in a broad sense is 1) the level of technical development of society; 2) the totality of all achievements of mankind; 3) level of education of the population; 4) all genres of art. 22. Both humans and animals have a need for 1) social activity; 2) purposeful activity; 3) caring for offspring; 4) changes in the habitat. 23. The activity of the state in managing society is an example of activity: 1) economic; 2) spiritual; 3) social; 4) political. 24. Are the following truth statements true? A. Relative truth is knowledge that necessarily gives rise to different points of view. B. Relative truth is incomplete knowledge that is true only under certain conditions. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect. 25. In country A. the existence of enterprises of various forms of ownership is guaranteed. The success of these enterprises directly depends on consumer demand for the products they produce. What type of economic systems can the economy of country A be classified as? 1) planned; 2) command; 3) market; 4) traditional.

treatment facilities

4.conducting election campaigning

2) Traditional society is characterized by a sign

1.automation of industrial production

2. individualistic type of consciousness

3.high value of science

4.predominance of patriarchal family

3) Innovation in the development of culture is illustrated by an example

1. production of a comedy by the school theater (Nedorosl)

2. annual festival of folklore ensembles

3.showing (soap opera) on television

4.invention of the steam engine

4) If knowledge is called true, this means that it is, in contrast to false

1.corresponds to the very subject of knowledge

2.obtained during cognitive activity

3.has ample opportunities for distribution

4.explained using special terms

socio-political organizations and movements d) all of the above 89. Assignment Mark the correct answer The form of organization of political power in society that has sovereignty and exercises control with the help of special bodies is: a) political system b) political regime c) state 90. Assignment Mark the correct answer In the broadest sense, power is: a) the right to do something on behalf of the state b) the art of living together c) the ability of an individual or group of people to control, influence other people 91. Assignment Mark the correct answer Mark which type power refers to the power of the minister: a) executive b) legislative c) judicial 92. Assignment Mark the correct answer Recognition by society or its majority of the existing power characterizes it: a) legality b) legitimacy c) statism 93. Assignment Mark the correct answer Which Which of the following characteristics is not mandatory for the state? a) public power b) constant government control over the daily lives of people c) the presence of a certain territory d) the sovereignty and independence of the country in the international arena 94. Assignment Mark the correct answer Which of the following features is not a feature of a presidential republic? a) the president is the head of state b) the president is elected by popular vote c) the head of government becomes the leader of the party that wins the elections 95. Assignment Mark the correct answer According to the Constitution, the Russian Federation is: a) a democratic state b) a federal state c) a rule of law d) a presidential state republic 96. Assignment Mark the correct answer What is the rule of law? a) a state in which a constitution exists and actually operates b) a state whose main principle is the rule of law (law) c) a state with a republican form of government 97. Assignment Mark the correct answer The signs of a rule of law state are: a) separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial b) equality of all before the law c) the institution of presidential power d) mutual responsibility of the state and citizens 98. Assignment Mark the correct answer The set of political institutions, social structures, norms, values, as well as their interactions, in which political power is exercised and political influence is: a) political regime b) political system c) state 99. Assignment Mark the correct answer The main functions of political parties are: a) organizing the electoral process b) ensuring communication between civil society and the state c) selecting candidates and nominating political figures d) all of the above 100. Assignment Mark the correct answer The system of ways and methods of exercising power is : a) political regime b) political system c) state 101. Assignment Mark the correct answer Political scientists distinguish the following types of political regimes: a) democratic b) authoritarian c) totalitarian d) all of the above 102. Assignment Mark the correct answer Which document is recognized in modern world "an international standard of human rights and freedoms?" a) Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia b) Universal Declaration of Human Rights c) Declaration of Principles of International Law

O – 10 Test on the topic "Human"(basic level) B – 1.

1. What is characteristic of humans as opposed to animals?

2. Both man and animal are capable

3. Man is a unity of three components: biological, psychological and social. Biologically determined

4. The farmer cultivates the land using special equipment. The subject of this activity is

5. Man is a unity of three components: biological, psychological and social. The social component includes

6. Cognition as opposed to communication,

7. A popular writer is working on a new political detective story.

8. A form of human activity aimed at transforming the surrounding reality is

9. Are the following judgments about human activity true?

10. The properties and roles of a person, which he acquires only in interaction with other people, characterize him as

11. Are the following judgments about personality true?

1) only A is true, 3) both judgments are true,

2) only B is true. 4) both judgments are incorrect.

12. Complete, exhaustive and accurate knowledge about the object of study is called

13. Both sensory and rational knowledge

14. Rational knowledge, in contrast to sensory,

15. Choose the correct conclusion to the following judgments.

16. Write down the word missing in the diagram:

17. Find in the list below manifestations that reflect the social nature of man. Choose the correct answer:

18. Write down the missing word in the following phrase:

».

19. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, relate to the concept of “activity structure”. Find and indicate a term that “falls out” from their series and relates to another concept.

20. Read the text below, each position of which is numbered.

21. Write down three words missing from the diagram:

O – 10 Test on the topic "Human"(basic level) B – 2.

1. Man is a unity of three components: biological, psychological and social. Biologically determined

1) sexual differentiation 3) ideological picture of the world,

2) value system. 4) professional activity.

2. Are the following judgments about human activity true?

A. Human activity is aimed at transforming nature.

B. Human activity is determined primarily by natural instincts.

1) only A is true, 3) both judgments are true,

2) only B is true. 4) both judgments are incorrect.

3. The properties and roles of a person, which he acquires only in interaction with other people, characterize him as

1) individual, 2) individuality, 3) organism, 4) personality.

4. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, relate to the concept of “activity structure”. Find and indicate a term that “falls out” from their series and relates to another concept.

Subject, object, goal, individual, object, result

5. What is characteristic of humans as opposed to animals?

1) instincts, 2) emotions, 3) needs, 4) consciousness.

6. Are the following judgments about personality true?

A. The main thing in the characteristics of a person is the social essence.

B. A newborn person is a person.

1) only A is true, 3) both judgments are true,

2) only B is true. 4) both judgments are incorrect.

7. Both man and animal are capable

1) use natural objects,

2) make tools using other tools,

3) transfer labor skills to subsequent generations,

4) be aware of your own needs.

8. Complete, exhaustive and accurate knowledge about the object of study is called

1) criterion of truth, 3) relative truth,

2) objective truth 4) absolute truth.

9. Cognition as opposed to communication,

1) is a manifestation of human activity,

2) allows the use of speech (verbal forms),

3) promotes personal development,

4) can be individual.

10. The farmer cultivates the land using special equipment. The subject of this activity is

1) land, 2) technology, 3) crop grown, 4) farmer.

11. Man is a unity of three components: biological, psychological and social. The social component includes

1) gender and age characteristics, 3) will and character,

2) hereditary characteristics, 4) moral principles.

12. A popular writer is working on a new political detective story.

What type of activity does this example illustrate?

1) political, 2) economic, 3) spiritual, 4) social.

13. Write down three words missing from the diagram:

14. Write down the missing word in the following phrase:

“Individual characteristics of a person that help her successfully engage in certain activities are ».

15. A form of human activity aimed at transforming the surrounding reality is

1) need, 2) motive, 3) goal setting, 4) activity.

16. Read the text below, each position of which is numbered.

(1) Both humans and animals have a nervous system and are capable of sensing and perceiving the surrounding reality. (2) But unlike animals, man has abstract thinking and is able to recognize the goals of his activity and foresee its results. (3) It can be stated that thanks to this, man rose above all living organisms and subjugated nature. (4) All human actions are thoughtful and aimed at further strengthening his position as the “king of nature.”

Determine which provisions of the text are

A) factual nature, B) nature of value judgments.

Write your answer in your notebook as a table:

17. Both sensory and rational knowledge

1) forms knowledge and idea of ​​the subject, 3) begins with a feeling,

2) uses logical conclusions, 4) gives a visual image of the subject.

18. Rational knowledge, in contrast to sensory,

1) updates knowledge about the world around us,

2) forms a visual image of the object,

3) is carried out in the form of sensations, perceptions and ideas,

4) uses logical reasoning.

19. Choose the correct conclusion to the following judgments.

A. All 10th grade students have social studies textbooks.

B. Petrov is a 10th grade student.

1) Petrov has a textbook on social studies, 3) Everyone has a textbook on social studies.

2) Petrov is a high school student, 4) Everyone who has a textbook is tenth graders.

21. Write down the word missing in the diagram:

22. Find in the list below manifestations that reflect the social nature of man. Choose the correct answer:

A) interests, c) inclinations, e) heredity,

B) worldview, d) skills, e) ideals.

Answer options: 1) a, c, e, f 2) a, b, d, f. 3) b, c, d, f. 4) c, d, e, f.