How to level the walls yourself. Leveling walls with your own hands: step-by-step instructions. Finishing – wall putty

Very often, when starting to decorate walls, you may encounter a problem related to the quality of the base. Moreover, this problem occurs in most new buildings: the walls of the apartment are uneven, with many different defects. Such a surface cannot be painted or wallpaper glued to it, because... The wallpaper pattern will “float” and the sheets will stick crookedly. How to properly level the walls with your own hands so that the surface becomes perfectly flat?

How to level walls with your own hands

There are two ways to level the walls: using plasterboard sheets and using dry mixtures. Plasterboard wall It will be possible to putty, paint, and wallpaper on it in the future. But many craftsmen do not recommend gluing tiles onto drywall: they say its surface is too smooth. Universal method for leveling walls is the use of dry mixtures (plasters, putties). The finished surface turns out to be perfectly smooth and is perfect for any material - tiles, wallpaper, or just for painting.

How to evaluate surface roughness

Before you begin leveling the walls, you need to measure the unevenness of the surface. To do this you will need a plumb line or a long level (2-2.5 m). Drive a nail into one of the corners of the room, leaving about 2-3 mm on the surface. This will be the first beacon. Now take some weight, for example a nut, and attach it to the nail by a thread. Hang the plumb line so that the weight almost reaches the floor. When the weight stops swinging, the plumb line forms a straight line. Then drive a second nail into the bottom of the wall so that the nail head and thread are in line.

First of all, you need to carefully prepare the surface for work.

Drive the nails in the same way and lower the plumb line from the opposite part of the wall. You will get four nails driven in around the perimeter of the wall and, accordingly, two straight lines. Now, to measure the unevenness, you will need a long thread, which you need to stretch from one end of the top nail to the opposite side of the bottom one. When fastening the thread crosswise, make sure that it does not come into contact with the wall. Tensioned threads are the best guide by which the deviation can be seen and you can decide how to align the walls; video and photos of the process of installing beacons will help you imagine this system.

Now, thanks to the cords stretched at four points, you can see the exact condition of the wall surface in the room. If the deviation is small and is no more than 10-15 mm, gypsum or cement mixtures for alignment.

How to level walls for tiles

If you plan to decorate the wall with tiles or tiles in the room, you need to level the walls with dry building mixtures. This method is considered more labor-intensive than, for example, leveling plasterboard sheets. We will look in detail at how to level the walls in an apartment using mixtures.

The first stage is surface preparation. Clean the walls from old coverings (wallpaper, paint, loose plaster), turn off the power supply. The second stage is priming the base. It is necessary to prime the surface so that the plaster adheres well to the surface. It increases moisture resistance and prevents delamination of materials. For cement mixtures, the so-called “cement laitance” is usually used - a solution of sand, water and cement.

In order for the tile to lie flat and without defects, the surface must be perfect.

To calculate how to level the walls you need to install approximate beacons. Installation of the slats, which will serve as a guide, begins with installing the profile on opposite sides of the wall. The vertical position of the beacon is checked using a plumb line. The profile is fixed on the wall with construction plaster - it is applied to the lath at several points. Now pull the cord through the profiles in the middle, bottom and top. Install the remaining slats so that the cord lightly touches them. The distance between the beacons is selected in accordance with the size of the tool that will be used to apply the plaster.

Choosing a leveling mixture

After this, you can begin applying the building mixture. When choosing a leveling compound, pay attention to the maximum thickness of the layer that will be applied and the type of bonding material. Gypsum building mixtures are best used for living rooms(bedroom, living room, children's room, etc.), as they well maintain the indoor microclimate. For wet rooms such as the kitchen or bathroom - cement mixtures are recommended. Mixtures on cement based prevent moisture from penetrating into concrete base, which prevents the development of fungus and mold.

The choice of dry mixture must be taken very seriously, because this is the key to successful repair work. In this case, you cannot save money by buying cheap building mixtures of dubious production. Also, remember that each room is suitable for a specific type of mixture. For example, you cannot level the bathroom walls with gypsum mixture, which may remain after leveling the wall in the bedroom. Relatively brands You can get recommendations directly from a hardware store.

You can also prepare plaster solutions yourself. For cement mortar you will need 1 part M400 cement and 6 parts sand. Pour sand into the mixture mixing box, and then add a layer of sand. Mix the ingredients thoroughly and start adding water gradually. Stir until creamy consistency. Some craftsmen prepare cement mortars using 1 part cement and 2-3 parts sand as a basis. A mixture with a small amount of sand is more flexible and therefore easier to work with. You need to dilute the purchased dry mixture according to the instructions. Ready solutions must be used within 1-2 hours after preparation, otherwise they may lose their properties.

Work order

Having determined the curvature of the walls using a plumb line, you can calculate the approximate costs and consumption of the selected material. By the way, to reduce costs, it is not at all necessary to plaster all the walls to a perfectly smooth surface. In some cases it is enough to Finishing work only on those surfaces on which it is very noticeable: walls on which light falls, walls opposite the window, etc. The surface behind the furniture, cluttered with cabinets, does not have to be perfectly smooth. But, if you decide to correct only the most visible defects, think carefully about this step, suddenly after a while you decide to rearrange or re-glue the wallpaper, and all the irregularities will become noticeable.

The job of leveling walls with a plaster falcon requires some skill, but is not too difficult

Prepare tools for plastering work. In order to level the walls with your own hands, you will need a spatula for mixing, spreading and smoothing the solution, a drill with an attachment ( construction mixer) for stirring dry mixtures and a plaster falcon. The plaster falcon is indispensable assistant when carrying out finishing work. Many craftsmen do without it, despite the fact that this tool greatly simplifies the process of putty and plastering. It is a square shield 45x45 or 40x40 cm, in the middle of which a metal or wooden handle. Applied to the falcon required amount plaster, which is immediately used. Using a falcon, you won't have to constantly bend over to the bucket.

Clear the walls of old paint and wallpaper. After cleaning, carefully inspect the walls for rust stains, soot, oil stains and mildew. Remove all defects found mechanically. For some types of stains, you can use special acid or alkaline compounds. After this, inspect the old plaster, selectively tapping the wall surface. Beat poorly adhering plaster away from the surface so that you can subsequently plaster this area with a more durable solution.

Do not carry out finishing work on a damp wall. All damp places from old plaster or stains must be dried. After this, the wall surface is carefully primed. Due to the fact that the primer penetrates deeply into the surface of the base, it significantly improves the adhesion of layers of plaster applied to the wall.

When preparing for work, clear the floors of debris and cover them with thick paper or cardboard so as not to subsequently clean them of dried mortar. So, let's get to work. IN right hand take the plaster spatula and the falcon in the left one. Having collected the required amount of plaster on its surface, throw a portion of the mortar onto the wall and begin leveling. You can plaster the wall by spreading the solution from the falcon. In this case, it must be placed directly against the wall and the falcon with its contents must be directed from the bottom up.

Without experience, it will be quite difficult to obtain a perfectly flat surface, because... similar work requires accuracy and precision. Achieve smooth walls The same beacons will help. As a guide, there can be slats of the required length, width 2-3 cm and thickness equal to the thickness of the plaster coating. The slats can be secured with plaster mortar or nails.

Installing beacons will help achieve best result and will facilitate the alignment process itself

Plastering with beacons is done as follows: level the solution with a trowel and apply it in the direction from bottom to top. The amount of mortar is added until the layer of plaster reaches the level of the beacons. After this, the slats are carefully removed, and the remaining space is filled with solution.

At the junction of the walls and ceiling, angles are formed that must be made absolutely equal. Crooked corners can also form where two walls meet. How to align the corners of walls and remove defects after plastering work? Leveling can be done both by level and by plane (along the bumps). If the walls are being prepared for wallpaper, then it is better to level the corners. For other types of finishing: decorative plaster, painting, etc. corners can be aligned flat.

When aligning corners gypsum plaster, the beacon is made in the very corner, after which the corner is tightened to the width of the rule. The smoothness of the transition from the corner to the wall depends on the width of the rule. The longer the instrument, the less noticeable the transition will be. When working, you should use gypsum plaster (starting putty), since it is this mixture that allows you to level thin layers without sagging.

Leveling walls under tiles using drywall is different high quality

You can align the internal corners using reinforcing tape. Moisten a wide spatula with water and apply to both sides. internal corner putty. Make sure that the surface is evenly covered and that the layer of putty is not too thin. On both sides of the corner, the area covered should be about 50 mm. Dip the reinforcing tape into a bucket of water and bend it in half lengthwise. Now place it on the corner and press it into the putty. Start leveling it by holding it top end and straightening to the bottom edge.

Then moisten a wide spatula (10 cm) again and run it along each side of the corner. In this case, the edge of the spatula must be kept as close as possible to the bend. The force with which you need to press should be sufficient to squeeze out excess putty from under the tape. To avoid sagging and unevenness, clean the surface of the corner with a dry spatula. Not recommended for stripping sandpaper or sanding mesh, because Doing so may damage the tape. Repeat applying the putty until your angle is perfectly level. Last layer apply with an angled trowel, which is more than 25 cm wide. After applying a fresh layer of plaster, run the angled trowel over the surface of the wall, pressing it to both sides. Now grab a 15-25 cm section along the wall. If you get a slight corrugation, remove it thin layer finishing putty.

How to align walls with wallpaper

It is much easier to level walls with plasterboard than with dry mixtures. Plasterboard boards are fixed on a special frame made of metal profiles. Standard Sheet plasterboard - 2500x1200x12.5 cm. Based on these parameters, decide on the amount of material.

Measure the walls. If their length above and below is the same, then you can safely continue. If the lengths are different, this must be taken into account when mounting the frame. For example, the length of the lower edge of one wall is 3 m, while the length of the opposite wall is 3 m 5 cm. Therefore, these 5 cm must be taken into account when initially marking the room for the frame. You need to start marking from more long wall, taking into account the distance under the guide.

Wallpaper walls lined with plasterboard look impeccably smooth and even

Next, stepping back 3-4 cm from the wall and ceiling, screw in the self-tapping screw. Attach a plumb line to it with a thick thread (you can take a regular nut). Now tie a thread to the screws and pull it tight. Do the same operation in all corners of the room, stretch the threads on the floor and near the ceiling. This will create the outline of the future drywall sheet. Checking for length parallel lines, remove the threads and attach the guides to the screws. After this, insert the guide posts into the guides on the floor and ceiling, in increments of 40-50 cm, having previously sawed them off to the height of the room. The resulting frame must be firmly strengthened. This is done by securing the racks to the guides with self-tapping screws. Now each of the racks must be firmly attached to the wall. Use simple ones for this wooden planks, slipping them into the gap between the wall and the gypsum plasterboard wall, attaching them with long self-tapping screws, having previously inserted dowels. Sheets of plasterboard are attached to each rack in increments of 30-40 cm. In this case, the heads of the screws must be slightly recessed into the plasterboard.

When you have installed all the sheets, you will have a perfectly flat surface that can be painted, wallpapered or applied to decorative plaster.

Video guide

Kirill Sysoev

Calloused hands never get bored!

Content

A mandatory step before applying any coating in the apartment (wallpaper, paint, tiles) is leveling the walls with putty or plaster. The future will depend on this appearance, service life of the applied coating (especially in the case of tiles). Preliminarily unleveled surfaces can crack over time, compromising the integrity and aesthetics of the applied coating. You can make a smooth surface using plaster and putty, which differ in their structure and functionality.

What is wall leveling

Any repair related to replacing or gluing wallpaper, applying paint, implies a mandatory preliminary procedure - surface preparation. This process can be carried out either by finishing specialists or independently on your own. Before starting work, you need to inspect the entire area of ​​the room, determine the scale of all irregularities, their sizes, in order to plan the future scope of work.

Irregularities and cracks are visible to the naked eye; they are covered with a pre-prepared solution. A laser or water level is used to assess vertical defects. This process helps to more accurately determine the size of the curvature of existing damage. Based on the size of existing defects, deviations of surface irregularities, materials used for this, several methods are distinguished:

• The raw way. It involves the use of special building mixtures such as plaster and putty. It is used for differences in uneven surfaces of 30-50 mm, filling holes and smoothing out unevenness with a solution.
• The dry method involves installing auxiliary structures, such as drywall. This is a more labor-intensive method, since it requires preliminary installation of the frame and securing plasterboard sheets to it.

Materials

Any finishing work requires special materials, which cannot be done without. You need the following materials:

• brush;
• dry building mixtures: plaster, putty, primer, etc.;
• cheap breeding container mortars, which will be used to level the walls;
• the painting mesh can be metal, plastic or fiberglass;
• electric mixer to avoid manual mixing of mortars;
• plaster beacon made of metal, as a supporting guide for applying plaster;
• mechanized (machine) plaster for large premises;
• sheets of plasterboard, wood or metal panels.

Tool

Preparation for subsequent coating work includes several step by step stages, which use different instruments:

• brushes, rollers different sizes for applying primer and other mixtures;
• spatulas of different lengths and widths, as levelers for applying building material, smoothing, surface treatment in different places;
• trowel and plastering rule for synchronous application and removal of excess layer of mixture;
• specialized mechanical, electric cars for mixing, if building mixtures need to be prepared for a large scope of work;
• special materials for cleaning and sanding the surface.

How to line the walls

Any specialist in finishing work needs to clearly know what is used to level the walls. This work is carried out using special mixtures and panels made of different materials. To choose the right required material, you should clearly understand in what case and for what ultimate purposes it is intended.

Mixtures

Manufacturers building materials produce a wide variety of solutions for finishing work, which have different composition and properties. The main mixtures include:

• Cement. They contain fine and medium fractions of sand and cement. Some mixtures may contain lime to increase the plasticity of the plaster. In this regard, cement mixtures are distinguished into two types: cement-sand and cement-lime. The first type is less expensive in price, it differs in sand content different factions: larger ones - for roughing and rough work, small ones - for fine finishing. Such mixtures may have some disadvantages related to cracking, drying time and poor adhesion to some materials such as concrete. Cement-lime mixtures are considered more universal.
• Based on gypsum. Such mixtures are very popular with painting work. Leveling the walls with gypsum makes it possible to apply a wide layer, which has good plasticity, dries quickly, has high noise insulation and thermal insulation properties. There are special gypsum mixtures rotbands and rotgypsum, which contain special additives that increase adhesion.
• Heat-saving dry mixtures contain a cement-lime base, which is modified with special additives in the form of polystyrene beads and other substances. Due to this, the applied layer of plaster has low thermal conductivity, which helps retain heat in an apartment or house. The only inconvenience of using gypsum is its high water absorption, so the solution must be prepared in small portions.
• Clay based. Leveling the surface with clay plasters is old way, which was used to decorate houses followed by the application of chalk or lime whitewash. But some designers resort to this type of plastering due to the high environmental friendliness of the material with additional use sawdust, straw, etc. The covering regulates the microclimate in the room.

Panels

When you need to use a dry method to correct the curvature of the coating, with which you can correct any unevenness, you use special sheets of panels. Due to the wide variety of materials, the following panels can be used for finishing work:

• from plasterboard (gypsum plasterboard), gypsum fiber;
• from chipboard;
• from PVC, MDF.

Methods

Regardless of which house - panel or brick, the partitions in any room may have certain defects, which must be eliminated before subsequent finishing work: painting, wallpapering, laying tiles, etc. For this, mixtures (putty, plaster) and materials are used (plasterboard with frame).

Plaster

Plastering a surface means performing basic rough finishing work to correct its unevenness. To level with gypsum plaster, first prepare its surface: remove the old coating, clean it of roughness, and, if necessary, cover it with a primer. Then the dry plaster mixture is diluted in water and applied with a trowel, smoothed with a spatula and the excess is removed with a rule. Sometimes beacons can be used to ensure the correct application of the layer.

By lighthouses

To ensure maximum correctness of correction of surface defects, beacon leveling is used. Metal constructions are set from the corners in a vertical position. They are secured with self-tapping screws and located at a distance less than 10 cm from the length of the rule. After the beacon profiles are evenly secured, special cords are pulled to the thickness of the future layer. Then they begin to apply a layer of plaster between the established markings.

Putty

It is known that leveling with putty is the final stage of smoothing out unevenness before the subsequent application of a decorative coating. This procedure can mainly be done after plastering. First, prepare the surface, apply a primer layer, then dilute the putty solution and get to work. Using two spatulas, apply the mixture, remove excess and smooth it into an even layer.

Drywall with frame

This technology involves the installation of plasterboard profiles that need to be placed on special support guides. The frame can be made of metal or wooden beams. A metal frame structure will be more stable. Main disadvantage Aligning plasterboard with the frame means eating up the space by the thickness of the plasterboard profile.

How to properly level walls

Considering all the methods for eliminating uneven defects, each option has its own advantages and disadvantages. To properly level the walls, you need to understand the conditions in which they are located. For example, for a room with possible moisture. In the bathroom or kitchen, leveling is best done using cement mortars. Gypsum mixtures are perfect for bedrooms and living rooms - they maintain the microclimate in the room.

Depending on the scale of the irregularities and their material, mixtures of different compositions can be used. Universal plaster mortar It will be gypsum, it will adhere to many materials. Absolutely any uneven surface can be leveled by applying plasterboard profile on metal frame. This method allows you to create a solid base for the plaster.

Under the wallpaper

To align the walls with wallpaper, you can use all of the above methods. Depending on the condition of the irregularities themselves, either the plastering method followed by putty or the installation of a plasterboard profile is used. For wallpaper, the putty layer can be as thin as possible and it is better to apply it once, without repeated double or triple layers.

In a panel house

Mainly built from reinforced concrete panel houses. Not all types of mixtures can be applied to this material. Alignment concrete walls using wet method should be carried out using mixtures of gypsum or cement-lime plasters. Cement-sand mixtures are not suitable for such purposes - they have poor adhesive ability to concrete.

Very curved surfaces

To level very curved surfaces, use the method of applying additional drywall. In such cases, the flaws may have large differences or be in the form of deep holes. Aligning walls with large curvature is impractical due to large quantity consumables and energy consumption of work.

In a new building

Mostly new buildings are now built from foam concrete blocks. When they are installed, the room partitions visually have a smooth surface. Only upon closer inspection can you notice existing defects, which may be minor. Leveling the walls in a new building can be done by applying a full or partial layer of plaster, which will carefully smooth out any existing defects.

In an old house

Due to their long service life, partitions in old houses can have significant damage, which cannot always be plastered. To level the walls in an old house, the most in an effective way There will be drywall installation. This will help to avoid existing unevenness as much as possible and holistically strengthen the surface, thereby increasing its service life.

Exist various ways leveling the walls, for which plaster, putty or sheets of drywall can be used. The choice of one method or another depends on a number of factors, for example, operating conditions of the premises, humidity, size, nature of irregularities, etc. So, plastering the bases is classic way leveling, and it is suitable for both living rooms and office premises.

Sheets of plasterboard are usually used to level walls if their unevenness is very large, and ordinary plastering work will entail unreasonable expenses. In addition, further cladding of such walls can be done immediately after the installation of drywall; it is not for nothing that this method is called “dry” plastering.

Puttying the walls is already a finishing touch, through which the smallest irregularities in the base are eliminated. It is only necessary before painting the walls or when various defects surfaces are very noticeable.

Plastering walls

To carry out work on leveling walls using plaster you will need:

• beacons (guide rails), rule and laser or water level;
• plaster mixture, spatula and trowel;
• a drill with a stirring attachment and a container for the solution;
• primer deep penetration, as well as a roller and tray for priming.

Before starting work on plastering the walls, the surface should be thoroughly cleaned of dust and dirt. It is necessary to knock off all fragile elements from the wall that easily crumble even with a slight impact. After this, the surface must be treated with a deep penetration primer.

Priming allows you to:

1. Moisten and remove dust from the base;
2. Limit the absorbency of the wall material;
3. Strengthen adhesion to the plaster, giving the base some roughness and increasing the contact area of ​​the materials.

The primer is applied to the wall with a roller or spray, but the recesses must be carefully coated with a brush. After the primer has dried, they begin to install the beacons.

Installation of guide rails - beacons

In order to plaster the base, you first need to set the guide beacons strictly according to the level. The latter are special metal guides, with the help of which the level for laying the plaster layer is set, ensuring ideal evenness of its application.

Of course, you can use other, cheaper and more beacons as beacons. available materials – wooden slats, pieces of plywood, etc., which, in fact, until recently was practiced almost everywhere.

But, of course, this technology will not provide the proper quality of wall alignment, especially if you do not have much experience in carrying out this type of work.

Therefore, we recommend that you immediately purchase a special T-shaped beacon profile - lightweight, securely attached to the wall and strong enough so that later, when leveling the plaster layer, it does not sag under the rule.

It is better if it is made of aluminum, since later the profile will not need to be removed - it is not subject to corrosion.

Beacons are attached to the base in most cases with the same plaster mortar at several points, after which they are leveled until the mixture hardens. However, in some cases it is necessary to secure the structure more thoroughly, for which the guide rails are fixed using Ushastik adjustment and holding devices and self-tapping screws, again using a laser or water level. The distance between the guides is usually taken to be 1-1.5 meters, and it should not exceed 30 cm from the corner of the room.

Option for fixing profiles to mortar

Plaster is usually laid in a layer 15-30 mm thick, so beacons should be placed taking these dimensions into account. If the layer of the thrown mixture is thicker than 30 mm, then the plaster will simply slide off the surface or fall off in whole pieces.

Walls are leveled using gypsum or cement mortar only for small (up to 4-5 cm) height differences. In other cases it is better to use more cheap drywall.

Surface preparation

Removing old plaster

Using a grinder or a hammer drill, it is better to clean off too large deposits. If you leave them, you will have to apply too much plaster to level the wall with them. The cracks must be widened using a hammer and chisel so that the solution can be laid in them.

The cracks in the wall are widened

Sand and crumbling fine plaster are cleaned off with a brush with metal teeth. If left, the solution will not adhere well to the wall, and may also crumble over time.

Cleaning the wall with a brush

Materials and tools

Wall Leveling Tools

Using Plumb Lines

Wall alignment

Deep penetration primer

2. To equalize large differences use beacons– guides, made in the form of a perforated strip of metal or plastic, attached to the wall using mortar and used to control the leveling of the surface.

3. To place beacons on the wall, draw a horizontal line onto which slats of mortar are applied (“ stamps"). Next, the beacon is pressed into them. The height of the stamps is verified building level.

Beacon placement

4. After the “marks” have completely dried, plaster is laid out between the beacons and spread over the wall using rules– a tool for leveling large layers of mortar.

Important. The distance to the second beacon should be equal to the width rules.

Alignment by rule based on two adjacent beacons

Appearance of the wall when aligned with beacons

5. If the degree of curvature of the walls is high, you should not immediately apply too large a layer of mortar, otherwise it will crack when drying.

Applying part of the solution

Advice. When the total thickness of the layer is more than 2 cm, use it to strengthen it and protect it from cracking. serpyanka(plaster polymer mesh with small cells), which is pressed into the solution.

Laying serpyanka

6. Instead of metal beacons, you can use plumb lines. In this case, small wooden pads will serve as a guide for the rule.

Arrangement of “marks” using plumb lines

7. In order not to damage the drying solution, leveling is carried out round: first the plaster is applied to the first wall, then plaster is applied to the next wall, etc.

8. You can get a perfectly flat and smooth surface using finishing putty . It is applied in a thin layer (up to 1.5 mm), and after drying it is sanded with sandpaper. Finishing is used to prepare the wall for painting. acrylic paints or sticker thin wallpaper. When facing ceramic tiles, plastic, cork, etc. such finishing is not required.

Leveling the wall with finishing plaster

Aligning corners

Corner profile with serpyanka

Checking the inside corner

2. External corners(slopes of walls and windows) are also leveled using profiles made of plastic or metal. They not only allow you to create perfectly even corners, but also protect it from damage when moving furniture or equipment.

Aligning outside corners

Installation of metal profiles

3. You can align the corners and corner spatula– a tool with a plate mounted on its handle, bent at an angle of 90. It can also be used to smooth out corners when installing profiles.

Angle spatula

Advice. If it is not possible to align the angle exactly at an angle of 90°, the spatula can be slightly straightened or bent.

Leveling walls with plasterboard

1. For fastening with metal racks on the wall, at a distance of 1 cm from the corner, draw a straight horizontal line, along which screws are screwed with self-tapping screws every 40-65 cm direct hangers.

Attaching a direct hanger

Fastening profiles

3. The distance between each of them should be equal width drywall. The edges of the sheets should be at the center of the profile. To strengthen the structure, it is better to install intermediate profiles between them.

Fastening profiles

4. Drywall is attached screws for metal in increments of 25 cm. Do not screw them in at the very corners of the sheet. To prevent them from breaking off, it is necessary to retreat 5 cm from the edge. The self-tapping screw should not protrude above the surface - it is deepened into the sheet by a couple of millimeters.

Fastening drywall exactly in the center of the profile

5. On internal and external corners walls are being laid corner profiles .

Installation of corner profiles

6. Joints between sheets, recesses from self-tapping screws and corner profiles are covered with a layer putties. If the wall is being prepared for painting or wallpapering, a plastic mesh – serpyanka.

Preparing the wall for painting

Important! Drywall is not able to withstand too much load, so when hanging structures that are too heavy (for example, a water heater) on the wall, you should use long metal pins.

Fastening drywall without guides

2. The depth of their screwing is determined using plumb line: a weight attached by a string to the ceiling.

3. A fairly thick layer is applied to each screw gypsum with polymer additives, onto which the drywall will be glued. The solution is applied so that it covers the screw by a couple of centimeters.

Fastening drywall without using a profile

4. To prevent the plasterboard from springing in places where the wall bends, it is better to place pieces there foam rubber.

5. To level the sheet horizontally, pads made from drywall scraps are placed under it.

Fastening drywall sheets without using profiles

6. Until the solution sets (35-40 minutes), the sheet will have to be held on the wall with your hands.

Important! With this method of fastening, there should be no horizontal joints, so for work you should take sheets equal to the height of the room.

As a rule, finishing work of any kind (hanging wallpaper, laying tiles, painting, etc.) is carried out on pre-leveled walls. How can you level the walls? different ways, each of which has enough simple technology, which allows you to cope with the work without the help of specialists.

When choosing a leveling method, it is necessary to take into account the material from which the walls of the house were built.

If you decide to level the walls yourself, it is very important to carefully study all stages of the work; in the process, you must take into account all the nuances, and when preparing solutions and other materials, you must comply with the conditions specified in the instructions.

Considering the initial state of the surfaces, to level the walls, you can use different materials and use different methods. When choosing a leveling method, it is very important to take into account the type of material from which the walls of your apartment are built.

How to level walls using plaster composition

In most cases, the plaster composition is used to level surfaces for the construction of which materials such as brick or block were used. In addition, plaster is also used for leveling reinforced concrete walls. In this case it is necessary to use reinforced mesh or metal frame.

Before leveling the walls, you should think about purchasing specially designed beacon profiles made of metal. Lighthouses have standard length 3 m, if necessary they can be shortened using metal scissors.

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Beacon installation technology

Before leveling the walls, it is necessary to install beacons. To do this, vertical lines are drawn on the surface using a pencil or plumb line. The location of the first two lines are opposite corners of the wall. The lines are designed for applying mortar moldings (5 pieces each).

The beacons should be recessed into the moldings so that the solution can pass through the holes for fasteners. Further using building level beacons are aligned vertically.

Having installed 2 beacons on top and bottom, you should tighten the cords. This way you will get the required plane. It is worth noting that in this way it is not only easy, but also to align the walls correctly.

Intermediate beacons are installed at the end of this stage. IN in this case an already familiar scheme is used; they will serve as a guide stretched cords, therefore the use of level and plumb lines is not necessary. The distance between each beacon should be equal to the length of the tool with which you will level the solution.

Beacons can be installed in another way, which involves the use of screws and dowels. This method is distinguished by its simplicity and accuracy, but it requires more time.

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Stage of applying the primer composition

Before starting the leveling process, the surfaces must be primed. This way you can ensure good adhesion, as well as facilitate the next stage of work (applying plaster). The primer composition can be purchased at any hardware store. When choosing a primer, make sure that the composition is suitable for the material you will be working with.

To apply the primer composition, you can use various painting tools, you can use a spray gun, brush or roller. When working with surfaces that are highly absorbent, take the time to apply several layers of primer. It is worth adding that many craftsmen prefer to use plain water when processing brick walls.

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A little about plaster mixtures

To level surfaces, you can use different types plaster compositions. Their main difference is the binder used. In great demand plasters are used that have:

• gypsum base;
• cement base;
• lime base.

These mixtures are distinguished by their ease of use, in construction stores they can be presented in dry form. Interior decoration It is recommended to make walls using a plaster composition based on gypsum.

Before preparing the dry mixture for use, it is very important to carefully study the instructions on the package.

As a rule, certain proportions of water are used to dilute the mixture. The composition must be mixed well, using a construction mixer or a convenient improvised object.

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Do-it-yourself wall plastering technology

Plaster is applied to surfaces in three main stages. If we consider the option with alignment brick wall, then at the first stage spraying is performed. To apply the second layer of primer, it is necessary to use a solution of a denser consistency. The layer should be from 5 to 6 mm. The final stage is called covering. The finishing layer, as a rule, is the thinnest, and it should bring the wall to the maximum level.

Before applying each layer plaster mixture It is very important to spend enough time drying the previous layer. In addition, we must not forget about applying a primer composition to each individual layer of plaster. Each layer of primer must be dried.

Plastering walls is a fairly lengthy process so that the result does not disappoint; it is very important to act strictly according to the instructions.