Heating a wooden house at minimal cost. Electric heating is the most economical without a boiler. The most economical condensing boilers

Modern technologies offer many options for heating suburban housing: from ultra-modern and thermal pumps. The cheapest fuel is considered to be network gas, but it is not always possible to connect country house. Prices and options alternative types fuel, features of new systems - in this material.

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Alternative and traditional heating of a country house (prices and options)

Let's consider the main types of fuel that can be used to heat private households in our latitudes:

and coal;
fuel oil, diesel, gasoline, ;
network and bottled gas;
electricity (network, );
geothermal energy.

Each of the listed types has its pros and cons. When choosing a type, it is important to take into account the family’s financial capabilities to purchase and operate the system, the availability of fuel and the possibility of combining different types of fuel.

Saving on qualified technicians can result in system problems. That is why it is important to think through everything to the smallest detail, draw up a project competently and entrust the work to professionals.

What is a heating system project?

For design, the area of heated premises, power and probable heat loss are taken into account. The number in each room and the length are calculated. Quantity and character also matter.

Detailed calculations allow you to optimally spend funds and further minimize system maintenance costs. You can turn on the water heating.

When designing a system, it is necessary to take into account the climatic characteristics of the region. For example, in the conditions of the far north, an oil-fuel boiler will be ineffective, since its fuel loses its ability to ignite at minus thirty degrees.

Which heating is better for a private home: comparing different types

So, before installing, you should know:

is it possible to connect to the network gas pipeline;
what fuel is most available where you live;
Is there enough power in the local power grids for connection;
how much thermal energy is required to heat the house.

Solid fuel and its features

The use of solid fuel materials, coal and, is considered an obsolete type of heating. Although, one can argue with this statement. In a situation where housing is located in a place difficult to access by road transport, this type of fuel is the only option. The power line may not meet the required loads, there is no network gas pipeline, and bottled or liquid fuel is difficult to deliver. So it remains proven over centuries. Although it does not heat automatically, it guarantees warmth in the most severe frosts.

For your information! The costs of heating with solid fuel are one and a half times less than the costs of heating with a gas installation.

Advice! When considering electric heating of a country house, options and prices for devices, pay attention to one of the most aesthetic and modern types systems - heating baseboard. It will not interfere with the arrangement of furniture and will heat the room as efficiently as conventional radiators.

Related article:

What is this latest heating system? Price, reviews from system owners, review the best manufacturers, recommendations from professionals self-installation- in this material.

Network gas, cylinders and gas holders

Network gas is available to 67 percent of the population of our country. Where there are gas mains, other types of heating systems have not been used for a long time. Cheap blue fuel does not require the creation of storage facilities, storage for future use or constant monitoring of heating device. The cost is relatively low and starts from 20 thousand rubles.

If for some reason network gas is not available, alternative options can be used. You can connect several cylinders to the boiler or install a system with capacious liquefied gas storage. The container is filled with special machines. These alternative options are completely autonomous and depend only on the ability to refuel the tanks. Such gas will cost a little more than network gas.

Advantages and disadvantages of gas heating

For your information! Gas heating is the most environmentally friendly way to heat your home. With a gas boiler, there will be no foreign smell, burning or soot in the room.

Geothermal heating as an alternative option

Article

Heating a private home requires certain financial costs - consumers need to regularly pay for the energy they use. Therefore, the issue of efficiency of heating systems worries many. How to make the most economical heating of a private house with your own hands? Which heating boiler should you choose? To do this, you need to understand what this or that represents. heating system and what is its potential for cost-effectiveness.

Traditionally, they are used to heat private houses. autonomous systems heating. The energy sources for their operation are natural gas, liquefied gas, solid fuel, liquid fuel and electricity. Natural gas systems are considered the most economical. But in some conditions their efficiency does not play any role. For example, if the house is not connected to the gas main, then comparisons with gas are not appropriate.

Gas heating systems

Economical heating systems for a private home are systems that run on cheap coolant. If there is a gas main nearby, feel free to connect to it and use one of the most inexpensive sources energy. Comparing gas costs with costs for other sources, you begin to understand that this is one of the most inexpensive types of fuel.

Solid fuel heating systems

Economical heating of a private house without gas can be built on the basis solid fuel boiler. To power it, coal, coke, briquetted fuel and even ordinary firewood are used. Coal burns the longest, but it is also quite expensive. But the heating system is not only economical, but also inexpensive - the simplest solid fuel boiler is quite affordable.

The most cheap heating a private house without gas is built using solid fuel boilers, sometimes homemade. If you want to ensure more convenient operation of the system, you should take a closer look at a boiler with a small bunker for pellet fuel (fuel granules). Such pellet boilers operate automatically, requiring only periodic loading of new portions of pellets.

The operation of solid fuel boilers using wood is complicated by the need to load firewood too often. In addition, you need a lot of firewood, which increases the cost of operating the heating system. As soon as you miss the moment of loading the next portion of fuel, the house will begin to become cooler. The problem is solved by installing special long-burning solid fuel boilers.

Liquid heating systems

Liquid fuel heating systems cannot be called the most economical. After gas and solid fuel they occupy an honorable third place. Used engine oil and diesel fuel are used as fuel. Because of this, in houses heated by liquid boilers, there is always a characteristic smell. There is also a need to create a special storage facility for liquid fuel, and at a distance from residential buildings - this creates additional costs.

Electric heating systems

It is difficult to create cheap heating of a private house with electricity - you need a source of free electricity. The whole point is that classic electric boilers are unusually voracious. And it is almost impossible to do anything here, since their efficiency is 99% - that is, almost all the energy is converted into heat. Some savings can be achieved induction boilers, but many experts are not ready to confirm this fact.

Economical electric boilers for heating a private home exist, but they are much more expensive than their simple, small-sized counterparts. Savings are achieved through the use of weather-dependent automation and room temperature sensors. That is, they are able to automatically adapt to the characteristics of outdoor and indoor temperature conditions, adjusting the heating power - if a person were to make the adjustments, the costs would be higher.

How to make economical heating in a private house

How to make cheap heating for a private house with your own hands? To do this you need:

Use the most economical and efficient heating boiler;
Pay attention to the thermal insulation of your home;
Use alternative heat sources.

The operating principle of a condensing boiler, one of the most profitable devices for heating a private home.

If there is gas in the house, take a closer look at condensing boilers - they have high efficiency and almost completely transfer heat from the burner to the heating system. If you want to create the cheapest heating for a private home without gas, consider purchasing a solid fuel boiler - by purchasing a truckload of firewood, you will provide yourself with relatively cheap heat for the entire cold period. Also you need to pay attention to installing radiators with high heat transfer.

Thin entrance doors, lack of proper thermal insulation of walls, old windows - all this contributes to heat leakage outside your home. We recommend that you install normal entrance doors with effective thermal insulation, order plastic windows and think about lining the house with a layer of brick (it is also possible to apply a cement “jacket”, which creates good thermal insulation) - this will reduce heat loss and reduce heating costs.

Alternative heat sources

As for alternative heat sources, they can be:

Infrared film for creating warm floors;
Solar panels;
Heat pumps.

A heating scheme in which heat is generated using electricity obtained from solar panels.

Solar panels use the free energy of the sun - they generate electricity, which can be used to heat the coolant or operate other heating equipment. Their disadvantage is their very high cost.– you need to spend a lot of money to buy required quantity batteries

Heat pumps use the energy of reservoirs, soil or air. The principle of their operation is based on taking heat from the environment and transferring it to heated rooms. Without delving into the laws of physics, the operating principle of a refrigerator is used here. To power heat pumps, external sources of electricity are required, but even with this taken into account, the heating system turns out to be quite economical. But the cost of heat pumps so far negates their advantages.

If you need to create an economical heating system for a private home without gas, you can use infrared film. It runs on electricity and provides heating for the floors - under the influence of infrared radiation they heat up and begin to give off heat to the rooms. According to experts, the film provides up to 30% efficiency compared to the use of conventional electric boilers.

Heat bills won't scare you anymore! What is the most economical way to heat a house?

Heating is the largest energy expense in most homes. It accounts for from 35 to 50% annual electricity bills.

The most effective way to reduce the size of these bills is to reduce your heating energy use.

The heating system replaces the heat that is lost through the walls, windows, floor and ceiling of your home.

Methods for economical heating of a private home

The amount of energy required to replace lost heat is depends on four factors:

location of the house (in colder regions the consumption is higher);
size of the building;
home energy efficiency;
energy efficiency of the heating system.

The first factor is the main one, but it does not depend on you. The colder the weather outside, the more energy is required to maintain a comfortable temperature inside.

Important and house size. A spacious room contains a significant volume of air that needs to be heated. Therefore, a large house requires high heating costs.

An excellent opportunity to save energy and money is to improve the energy efficiency of your home and its heating system. There are several ways to do this:

select optimal type heating system;
improve façade insulation;
repair the heat distribution system (air ducts and pipes);
Eliminate heat leaks through doors, windows and various cracks.

How to insulate a facade

Insulation of the facade in the form of its insulation is the main protection of the house from heat loss through the building body. Therefore, it is very important to insulate the largest area of the house - the facade walls. Insulating materials reduce heat loss by providing a barrier between the inside of the home and the significantly different temperatures outside.

Used in homes different types isolation. The most common ones- polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam and fiberglass.

Polyurethane foam

Foam insulation is spray or injection foam.

Spray foam in a liquid state it is distributed in open spaces new design Houses. After this, the foam expands, fills the cavity and hardens.
Injection foam pumped into existing cracks, crevices or other voids in the walls. It makes this polyurethane foam indispensable for repairing the insulation of existing houses.

Expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene happens with open or closed cells.

Open cell polystyrene foam very light and flexible. When polystyrene foam foams, the gas inside the cells escapes through holes in the cell wall. This process creates a lightweight, flexible shape that compacts as it hardens.
Closed cell polystyrene foam has a much denser and heavier structure. It forms a dense surface that is more resistant to weathering and temperature changes.

Fiberglass

Fiberglass is made from soda, limestone, sand and crushed glass and comes in slabs or rolls. It is placed in unfinished walls, floors and ceilings between studs, beams and joists. Due to its fibrous structure, this material is excellent keeps air inside and prevents heat loss.

Photo 1. A piece of fiberglass. It is one of the most popular materials for home insulation.

Efficient boilers for space heating

In order to heat your home efficiently and economically, you need to choose quality heating equipment. Boilers are most often used in this role.

Condensing gas

Boiler operation with condensing gas allows you to use all the energy released when burning gas. All boiler systems distribute heat in hot water, which releases heat by passing through radiators or other devices in rooms throughout the home. The cooled water is then returned to the boiler to be reheated.

In a conventional boiler, the heating system circuit is heated by the combustion of natural gas. Condensing boiler uses the energy available in gas combustion products. These products contain water vapor. The steam cools, condenses and releases heat. The water in the heating circuit is heated by this energy. The evacuation of water released during condensation (condensate) is carried out through a wastewater network.

Important! Natural gas- the most accessible source of energy. Therefore, the cost of operating a condensing boiler will be the most profitable.

This boiler is easy to operate, consumes less fuel than a standard gas boiler, and is efficient, often exceeding 100%.

Pyrolysis

The pyrolysis boiler runs on solid fuel. In this case, not only the firewood itself burns, but also the gases that are released in the process.

Therefore, the efficiency of such boilers is up to 90%. Firewood or special pellets made from dried biomass burn in one chamber, releasing pyrolysis gas.

Under the influence of high temperature, the gas enters another chamber through a special nozzle, in which it burns, mixing with oxygen.

The thermal energy released in this process is much higher than in conventional boilers, and the burning time is much longer. That's why pyrolysis boilers called long burning boilers.

Such gas generator boilers do not depend on the availability main gas pipeline, and can most effectively use purchased fuel.

Solid fuel

The simplest boiler is a wood or coal boiler. He completely autonomous, and does not require a connection to a gas pipeline or electrical network, nor the cost of paying for gas and electricity. All you need is a standard housing, consisting of a firebox (or combustion chamber) and a blower, and ordinary firewood.

Firewood is burning in the firebox thanks to the air supplied through the blower. This releases thermal energy. It heats a steel or cast iron heat exchanger in the form of a coil located in the firebox and increases the temperature of the coolant. Hot water gives off heat as it passes through a home's heating system. The cooled water is then returned to the boiler to be reheated.

Electric boiler

Electric boiler operation similar to the operation of other boilers: The water in it is heated and then circulates in the heating system circuit and radiators.

Heating of water in such boilers occurs by using electric current . It provides high performance and excellent heating speed.

In addition, installing an electric boiler does not require large expenses for the installation of expensive equipment, the presence of a chimney and a large room.

Warm floor

Heated floors are the most old uniform central heating . The Romans also used an underfloor heating system to warm buildings and baths. Today's system underfloor heating is gaining more and more popularity in Russia.

Underfloor heating is a system that heats a home through a heated floor covering. Exists two types of such a system. In the first type warm water heats the floor, passing through a pipeline laid under the floor (“wet” system). In the second the floor becomes warm using electric coils, placed under it (“dry” system).

Concrete floor slabs heat up, and heat radiates from under the floor into the room. "Wet" system can be connected to a gas boiler to heat water. This will help you save significantly on cheap gas fuel.

Attention! For this type of heating large-scale construction work is required. Therefore, its installation is best done during the construction of the house.

Infrared heating is one of the most economical ways

The infrared spectrum is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This form of radiated heat is the most basic. This is the same 100% natural type of heat, which is emitted and absorbed by the human body every day.

Photo 2. Installation of infrared heaters under the roof of a house; this installation method allows you to completely warm up the room.

The peculiarity of infrared radiation is that it heats objects and people in its path without heating the surrounding space. It does infrared heating much more efficient than convection. Convective heat, which is released by conventional radiators and central heating systems, heats only the air.

Warm air is distributed throughout the room, circulating uncontrollably, and leaves objects in the room cool. Infrared heating emits direct heat and heats everything up. This type of heating brings long-lasting, comfortable warmth to the home, consuming less energy.

Infrared heaters can provide Directed heat anywhere, regardless of distance. This means that there is no need to waste electricity on heating any room, even the most large area, and heat is not lost due to air circulation.

Solar collectors - cheap and economical

Solar collectors use heat sunlight for heating water, which is then directed inside the building. They consist of a panel of heat-absorbing material into which mixture of water and antifreeze to collect heat. This mixture then heats the water in the hot water system, so solar collectors must be integrated into existing system heat distribution.

Photo 3. Solar collectors installed on the roof of the house. Devices must be placed at a certain angle.

Such thermal systems may be useful not only in warm climates. Even a small increase in water temperature dramatically reduces the amount of energy required to heat it. Solar collectors create favorable conditions for the start of operation of any heating systems. It means that less energy is used overall.

How to heat a house with heat pumps in winter and summer

Heat pumps are devices for transferring warm air using an electric pump. In winter, warm air is separated from the cold outdoors and spreads inside the house. In summer, the heat pump reverses the flow direction and the warm air from the room is carried outside. To distribute heated air throughout the house heat pumps use coercive systems air supply.

Exists two types heat pumps.

Geothermal

Geothermal pumps pump warm air from a pipeline placed underground. The temperature in such a source stable all year round.

In geothermal pumps, the collector circuit is a coil buried in long, shallow holes or in vertical wells.

The efficiency of heat pumps is often sometimes more than 100%, because they use electricity not to create heat, but to move it.

Air

Heat pumps with air heat source use outside air as a heat source in winter and as a heat sink in summer. These heat pumps look and install just like a central air conditioner.

Conclusion

Heating our homes is expensive and getting more expensive every year. As costs rise, each of us is looking for more available options heating and insulation. Fortunately, there are many such options. Choose carefully combine different types and heating systems and you can choose the best option in terms of price and efficiency.

What is the most economical way to heat a house?

Heating a house can be organized in different ways, but which is the most economical method available? We will try to figure this out below.

Selecting a heating method - nuances

To decide which option is the most economical method in your case, you should accurately answer a number of questions. The list is as follows:

For example, for houses where the owners are visiting, it is not advisable to use constant heating.

Fuel

The very first thing is to find out what kind of fuel is most affordable in your region. The main criteria here are the following:

uninterrupted supply;
resource cost.

It is the availability of energy in this particular area that is the main starting point.

In most cases they are used in private homes:

natural gas;
firewood;
coal (both hard and brown);
fuel oil;
peat briquettes.

Sometimes they heat with electricity - this is far from one of the most economical methods, but in the absence of an alternative and this opportunity should be considered.

Depending on the list of available resources, a boiler is selected. Calorific value This device directly affects the overall efficiency of the entire system.

The weakest property mentioned above is found in systems operating on solid fuel. This is followed by:

But, as statistics show, today on average in Russia (if all the described energy carriers without exception are available in any area), then natural gas is certainly the cheapest.

Least economical heating, undoubtedly electric. Other ways to do without gas, although much cheaper, will still require twice the cost compared to the cost of blue fuel. However, if there is no alternative, you won’t have much choice.

Depending on which resource is available in your region, the choice of heating system is also made. There are 2 types most widely used in Russia:

Electricity

If we are talking about electricity, then proven ways to heat a house are:

warm floor;
infrared panels (film heaters, etc.);
convectors;
boilers.

The first three types are suitable for relatively economical heating of buildings where people do not live permanently. Their consumption is far from small, but a few days of use per month is not critical. For wooden permanent country houses, film heaters are probably the most convenient. They consume only 40 watts per square meter.

The advantages of electric heating are:

low cost of installation;
ease of maintenance;
fine adjustment;
noiselessness.

Water heating

Such systems work the same regardless of the type of boiler installed in the house:

carrier heated to operating temperature, fed into pipes;
circulates through all radiators (the latter, due to the convection of air masses, ensure heat transfer);
The cooled water returns through a closed circuit back to the boiler.

At the same time, one of the most economical is heating with natural circulation. Since the system does not install pumps for pumping coolant, this means there is no need to consume additional electricity.

At the same time, if the house has an area of more than 100 square meters, the described option will not work. The large length of communications leads to an increase in hydrodynamic resistance in the pipes, which means that the movement of water will be too slow.

The disadvantages of water heating are:

the boiler must work constantly;
It is almost impossible to accurately regulate the temperature in each room.

Air heating

Compared to the methods described above, this one is quite economical. It is ideal both for houses where people always live, and for those in which they visit.

The principle of this system is simple:

the air is heated directly through the heater;
is supplied to the premises through special hoses and grates installed either in the floor or in the wall.

The undoubted advantage is:

literally lightning-fast heating of the entire house;
economical use of fuel;
high efficiency (about 90 percent);
low duct maintenance costs.

noise occurs during operation;
Installation of the heater requires, according to safety regulations, a fairly large room area.

List of other methods

For economical homeowners, it will be useful to know that insulation will allow you to reduce costs, and quite significantly. A well-insulated house consumes much less resources (about half) while maintaining comfortable conditions for its inhabitants.

Such work must be carried out comprehensively:

the walls are covered with foam plastic or pressed mineral wool;
windows are installed with double-glazed windows;
must be insulated attic floor and floors.

Installing a programmable heat regulator will also allow you to spend energy more efficiently on heating. This device:

can independently monitor the temperature in different rooms;
turn off the heating when there are no people present;
controlled remotely via a built-in SIM card.

Heating a house with electricity: the most economical method and advantages of choice

It is known that the most inexpensive option The heating system is considered to be a gas system. But there are situations when it is not possible to use it, for example, if there is no gas main nearby. In this case, it is recommended to heat the house with electricity. Most economical way can be selected by analyzing all the available options. This is what we will do in this review.

This option is suitable for buildings outside the city and country houses

Why you should choose heating your home with electricity: the most economical way

The electric heating system has the following advantages:

Electricity-based devices are virtually silent and do not require additional fuel. They do not pollute the atmosphere. To use them, you only need an electrical network;
installation of equipment does not require significant investments;
to save electricity, you can use a system of two-tariff meters or install solar panels on the roof;
You can connect a convector or boiler yourself.

Heating with electricity is carried out using various devices

Options for electric heating of a private house

Such a heating scheme involves the use of various types of equipment.

Boiler application

It is not uncommon to install an electric boiler for heating a 220V home. This device is a budget option and is easy to install.

Electric boilers are of the following types:

heating element models are among the traditional options. The heating element is heated by electricity and transfers heat to the coolant, which transfers it to installed radiators. This unit is equipped with a thermostat that allows you to maintain the temperature at a certain level. The disadvantages include scale that collects on the heating element;

The diagram shows the principle of working with heating elements

In an electrode type boiler, instead of a heating element, there is an electrode that acts on free ions, which creates heat. This is a safe design option, since if water leaks, the device stops working. With this method, heating does not occur limescale, but only water can be used as a coolant;

Electrode model device

The device of an induction electric boiler includes a pipeline and a radiator. In this case, the radiation mechanism forms an electromagnetic field that interacts with metal elements. Electricity produces vortex currents that transfer energy to the coolant. This product is characterized by ease of installation and maintenance. Water is used as a heating fluid, oil compositions or antifreeze.

Installation of induction device

Selecting IR panels

When determining how to heat a house economically with electricity, you can consider the option of installing infrared structures. Such products warm up not the air inside the rooms, but various objects. If in the version with a boiler air masses move upward and then cool, then in this case the hot flows are directed to the floor.

Infrared designs do not take up much space

If you add thermostats to IR devices, they will work more efficiently. One controller is enough to control three heaters. This equipment is economical to use, but expensive in terms of installation and construction costs. IR devices consume a small amount of electricity. In addition, they efficiently distribute heat. They can perform spot and zone heating. Even after the structure is turned off, objects emit heat for a long time.

Infrared panel device

You can install such equipment yourself. The infrared system is used both as the main type of fuel and as an additional one. The advantages of the option include long term service, up to 80 years.

Heating a house with electricity is also done using infrared heated floors. It's economical and effective remedy. This design is not afraid of unexpected power surges and does not break due to minor damage. Such a device can be installed under different flooring except for parquet. Infrared rays only heat solid objects, so when the floor is heated, the elements themselves do not heat up.

Installation of infrared floor covering

Infrared panels for ceilings

Advantages of convectors

When choosing the most economical electric heating without a boiler, it is worth exploring the capabilities of convectors. According to manufacturers, a convector operating from the mains heats the space efficiently and at the same time consumes a small amount of electricity. The main advantage of the device is that its installation is simple.

It takes about two minutes to warm up the heating element, which is much faster than when heating with water devices. The advantages of such structures include:

low cost of equipment;
fire safety;
The heating system can not be completed immediately, purchasing additional radiators as needed;
modern design;
uninterrupted operation even with sudden voltage changes;
small sizes.

This method maintains the desired humidity ratio in the room and does not destroy oxygen. Excellent technical properties and excellent power indicators make it possible to use electric convectors for heating both large and small private houses.

Similar designs are different compact size and mobility

The main element of the design is the heating element, which converts electrical energy into heat. The operating principle is air convection. In this case, the cooled flows penetrate the slots in the lower part of the housing and then exit through top holes. The convector can operate separately or in a system controlled by a temperature controller.

Wall-mounted models are characterized by functionality and allow you to free up space

Which option is better not to choose?

When choosing the most economical way to heat your home, it is worth exploring the options that you should not buy. An expensive option is an oil cooler. It has increased power, but when operating in winter it consumes a lot of electricity. Despite the significant power, such products have low heating efficiency. Interestingly, IR panels of the same power will heat the space in the house faster. Low-efficiency devices include fan heaters. They reduce oxygen, make noise and move dust.

An oil heater can be combined well with other heating methods.

How to increase the efficiency of electric boilers for heating a private home: prices and methods

To get the most economical method, heating your home with electricity must be properly organized. The efficiency of the entire structure can be reduced as a result of poor thermal insulation. Various gaps, cracks and lack of insulation on the windows contribute to the rapid cooling of the rooms.

If no one is home all day, you may not need to heat the house all day. In such a situation, you can install a special controller that will start the heating system several hours before the residents arrive. Two hours is enough to fully warm up the rooms.

Electrical equipment operating diagram

Of great importance is a skillfully designed heating system design, taking into account the location of the heaters and power. Good decision installation of a multi-tariff meter is considered. This device allows you to save electricity at night, when the heater will work.

Helpful information! With good insulation of the ceiling and walls, the quality of heating can increase by up to 80%.

To get a cheap home heating system with electricity, you need to choose the right equipment and calculate the locations of all devices.

Heating a home in the cold winter results in serious costs. Do you want to learn how to save? I propose to compare several popular varieties heating equipment, evaluate their efficiency and figure out how to reduce heating overhead costs.

Direct comparison by cost per kilowatt hour

Let's find out what the price of a kilowatt-hour of heat will be when using different sources thermal energy.

Here are the approximate prices at the time of writing (January 2017):

Main gas- 0.7 rub.;
Dry firewood- 0.9-1.2 rubles;
Pellets- 1.4-1.5 rubles;
Coal- 1.5-1.6 rubles;
Propane from gas holder- 2.3-2.5 rubles;
Propane from cylinders- 2.8-3.0 rubles;
Diesel fuel- 3.2-3.6 rubles;
Electricity- 4.0-5.0 rub.

The cost of a kilowatt-hour of heat in each region will be different, as it depends on local prices and utility tariffs. For example, in Sevastopol, where I live, electricity is 40% cheaper than in Moscow (up to 600 kWh per month - 2.96 rubles / kWh versus 5.38), and pellets are twice as expensive (15,000 rubles per ton against 7000).

The conclusions are absolutely obvious. The undisputed leader in cheapness is main gas.

How to economically heat a house in his absence?

At a distance from gas mains, it is most profitable to heat with wood. They are followed closely by pellets and coal.

Cheaper, even cheaper

Comrades, choosing a heat source is not our whole task. The same source can be used in different ways, and some of them will be noticeably more economical than others. I'll tell you about several solutions that will allow you to significantly reduce your heating costs.

Facade insulation

Any heating systems simply compensate for heat loss through the building envelope, windows and ventilation. Losses through walls account for up to 35% of the total, through the roof and windows - 25% each, through the floor - up to 15%.

There are many ways to insulate a country house; I will describe only a few of the most popular.

	Foam coat(fastening with cement glue and dowels - “fungi” of foam sheets with their subsequent puttying on the reinforcing mesh).
	Mineral wool fur coat(the insulation scheme is the same, but with a different heat-insulating material - mats of glued mineral wool). It compares favorably with foam plastic due to its minimal fire hazard.
	Insulated ventilated facade. Mineral wool is attached to the walls and covered windproof membrane, and on top of it - a metal or plastic cladding fixed to a frame made of galvanized profile or bar.
	Insulated screed. She lays on concrete slab ceilings or plank flooring on top of a layer of dense foam or polystyrene foam.
	Insulated ceiling wooden beams . The insulation is laid in the gap between the beams, on top of the flooring hemmed from below or laid on the cranial bars. From above it can only be covered with waterproofing (in a cold attic) or with a floor along the joists (on a residential floor or a used attic).
	Bulk insulation. The gaps between the beams or the slab floor are filled with 20 - 30 centimeters of expanded clay or metallurgical slag.
	Energy saving windows. Glass with the finest metal coating is opaque in the infrared spectrum and reflects thermal radiation towards the heated room.
	Roof insulation. Mineral wool or polystyrene foam is placed in the spaces between the rafters and covered with a vapor barrier.

The roof of my attic is insulated with two materials - a 50-mm layer of mineral wool and polystyrene foam of the same thickness. An attic area of 60 m2 with panoramic energy-saving windows of 26 square meters is enough to maintain a comfortable +20C in -20C on the street with a thermal power of 4 kilowatts.

How do we save?: by reducing heat loss, which the heating system must compensate for.

Saving amount: insulation coefficients used in thermal engineering calculations vary from 0.6 to 4. The difference between extreme scenarios (a house with an external foam coat and energy-saving windows on the one hand and an uninsulated warehouse with walls made of corrugated sheets on the other) is more than 6 times. This is how much heating costs can be reduced through insulation.

Condensing gas boiler

Condensing gas boilers are the most economical boilers for heating a private home.

How they work: The boiler has two heat exchangers. One of them takes heat from the combustion products of the main gas. The second serves for them. The condensate is discharged into the sewer through a drainage pipe.

Reference: the main products of hydrocarbon combustion are carbon dioxide and water.

How do we save?: by using the total heat of combustion, including the heat of condensation of water vapor. As you know, the evaporation of water requires energy consumption. When steam condenses, this energy is released and in our case is utilized by a heat exchanger.

Saving amount: 11 - 13%. Taking into account the heat of combustion of gas, this allows marketers to declare an incredible efficiency of 107% for condensing boilers. Of course, 100% is taken to be the heat of combustion of gas without taking into account the condensation of water vapor.

Pyrolysis boiler

Already economical heating with wood can be made even more economical when using a pyrolysis boiler. As a bonus, the owner receives an increase in the interval between kindlings from 2-4 to 10-12 hours.

How it works: in a pyrolysis boiler (gas generator), fuel combustion is divided into two stages. Initially, firewood smolders with limited air access and high temperature. During the pyrolysis process, only a small amount of ash remains, and the bulk of the fuel is converted into CO ( carbon monoxide) and volatile hydrocarbons.

Getting into the afterburning chamber, superheated combustible gases are mixed with the gas supplied through the injectors fresh air. At the same time, they ignite and burn completely. The boiler output is the notorious CO2 and H2O.

How do we save?: due to complete combustion of fuel (and, accordingly, maximum efficiency) while limiting thermal power. In a classic solid fuel boiler, a blower damper (often equipped with a thermostat) is used to regulate power. With limited air flow, some of the fuel literally flies out into the chimney - gaseous hydrocarbons do not have time to burn out in the firebox.

Saving amount: up to 30%. This is exactly how much the efficiency of a classic boiler drops when fuel is incompletely burned.

Solid fuel boiler and heat accumulator

How to save on heating using solid fuel and a classic boiler?

Install a heat accumulator into the gap in the heating circuit.

How it works: a heat accumulator is a large thermally insulated container with pipes for connection to several heating circuits. It is used, as you can easily guess from the name, to store heat.

A tank with a volume of 3000 liters, when heating water from 40 to 80 degrees, will accumulate 175 kWh of thermal energy, which is enough to heat a house of 90 square meters during the day.

The heat accumulator closes two heating circuits with forced circulation:

The first connects it to the heating boiler;
The second unites the tank with heating devices.

How do we save?: due to the operation of the boiler at rated power and with maximum efficiency. The resulting heat is stored in a heat accumulator and used to heat the house over the next few hours.

As a bonus, the owner will receive more rare heating of the boiler - depending on the volume of the tank and the area of the house, from once every 12 hours to once a day.

Saving amount: the same 10 - 30% that is lost when operating a classic solid fuel boiler with forcedly limited power.

Electric boiler and heat accumulator

How to make electric heating cheaper?

A combination of an electric boiler, a two-tariff meter and a heat accumulator that is already familiar to us will allow us to heat the house relatively cheaply.

How it works:

In this case, the buffer tank also closes two circuits that unite it with the boiler and heating devices;
At night, the boiler turns on on a timer and heats the water in the tank;
During the day, the accumulated heat maintains a comfortable temperature in the house.

How we save: due to electricity consumption during the cheaper night tariff.

Saving amount: I will give Moscow prices. If at a single-rate tariff you will have to pay 5.38 rubles per kilowatt-hour of electricity, then at a two-rate tariff at night the same kilowatt-hour will cost 1.64 rubles. Savings - 70%.

Warm floor

Underfloor heating can be implemented in several ways:

Pipe laying with coolant in an insulated screed;

Laying the heating cable in a layer of tile adhesive under the tiles;
Film heaters under parquet, laminate or linoleum.

Regardless of what types of fuel are used for heating, heated floors are positioned as economical heating.

How do we save?: by reducing the average temperature inside the house. At convection heating radiators or wall convectors +22°C at floor level will be +27 - +30 under the ceiling. The average temperature is 25 – 26°C.

Do you often walk on the ceiling or rest on it? Me neither. Gravity, you know.

The obvious conclusion is that heating the air under the ceiling is absolutely useless. It only leads to an increase in thermal energy leaks through the roof or ceiling: the heat flow is directly proportional to the temperature difference on both sides of the building envelope.

In the case of a heated floor, when it is heated to +22, the ceiling will be +16. Average temperature - +19. By reducing the average temperature, we reduce heat loss.

Saving amount: depends on the weather outside. Jokes aside. At 0C outside, reducing the air temperature in the house from 25 to 19 will save 24%, and at -10 - only 15%.

Infrared heating

Heating your home with electricity can be made cheaper by using infrared heaters. They may be:

Devices with a high-temperature heating coil in a quartz tube;
Film heaters installed for finishing walls or imitating paintings, photographs, wall panels, etc.;

Glass, ceramic or metal panels.

The key difference between IR heaters and convection heaters is directly implied by their name: most of the heat is transferred environment not through direct contact with air, but through thermal radiation.

How do we save?: by placing such a device under the ceiling, we will force it to heat the floor and the furniture standing on it. They, in turn, will begin to give off heat to the air in the lower part of the heated volume. As a result, we get an analogue of a heated floor, but at much lower costs.

The temperature distribution is the same as in the case of heated floors.

Moreover, the devices can be easily installed with your own hands after finishing the final finishing. When installing a heated floor, you will have to at least remove the finishing coating.

Since IR radiation will heat not only the floor, but also all people in the room, the comfortable temperature will drop even more than when using a heated floor - to 14-15 degrees.

Saving amount: at 0C outside, reducing the average indoor temperature from 25 to 15 degrees will save 40%.

Solar collectors

If solar panels designed to generate electricity, solar collectors are used to heat water. The collector can be flat or tubular; the best models of these devices utilize up to 85% of solar heat.

The main problem with these devices is that they only work during daylight hours. Not only that: the amount of heat produced by the collector varies depending on weather conditions. That is why solar heat is used only as an additional source of energy for heating.

To accumulate thermal energy in heating systems with solar collectors, our old friend is used - a heat accumulator.

How do we save?: due to the recycling of absolutely free thermal radiation Sun.

Operating costs - 0 rubles, 0 kopecks.

Saving amount: V middle lane Russia on a clear day with square meter the surface of the collector can remove a kilowatt of heat. With a daylight hours of 8 hours, the theoretical maximum amount of thermal energy received from an area of 1 m2 is 8 kWh. A battery of collectors with an area of 60 m2 is capable of generating 8 * 60 = 240 kWh per day.

Even one collector with an area of 2 m2, generating 8 kilowatt-hours of heat per day, will reduce the cost of electric heating with a heating element boiler by 800 - 1000 rubles per month.

This is all in theory.

In practice, the picture is not so bleak:

On a cloudy winter day, the collector power drops to 100 watts per square;

Devices with a total area of 60 m2 will cost 600-700 thousand rubles at current prices. Solar heat is cheap at the operating stage, but not when purchasing equipment.

An interesting fact: several years ago the European energy industry set a course for solar collectors and other alternative heat sources. In particular, in Cyprus the total area of sewers is 800 m2 per 1000 population. In Russia - 0.2 m2 per 1000 people.

Heating with heat pumps

Heat pumps operate on electricity and, despite this, are a source of very cheap heat.

How is this possible?

Let's study the duty cycle.

The compressor compresses freon gas. At excess pressure it turns into liquid and heats up;
The heat exchanger removes excess heat from our hot guy. It is recycled to heat the air in the house (directly or through a coolant);
At the expansion valve, the refrigerant pressure drops sharply and it evaporates. In this case, the freon temperature instantly drops by several tens of degrees;
In the external heat exchanger, the refrigerant gas is heated by the external environment;
The heated gas is compressed by a compressor - and the cycle repeats.

The outside environment can be much colder than the air inside the house. The main thing is that the freon is even colder when passing through the heat exchanger.

What kind of media can serve as a source of heat?

Street air. The best models of air source heat pumps are capable of heating a house at -25 outside;

Priming. Its temperature is deeper than the freezing level all year round above zero. Heat exchangers can be immersed in wells or placed in trenches;

When laying horizontally, the area allocated for the collector should be three times greater than the area to be heated.

Water. The heat exchanger is placed in a non-freezing reservoir (preferably flowing). The heat source can also be groundwater: they are taken from the well and, after cooling, are discharged into a second, drainage well.

How do we save?: due to the fact that for every kilowatt consumed by the compressor, the pump pumps 3-6 kilowatts of heat into the house. This feature reduces the cost per kilowatt-hour of energy to the level of a wood-burning boiler - with incomparable ease of use. The heat pump can operate autonomously, without any maintenance, indefinitely.

Saving amount: compared to a direct heating device - the same 3-6 times. The exact value depends on:

Outdoor heat exchanger temperatures. The colder the environment, the less heat can be taken from it;
Internal heat exchanger temperatures. As it increases, the heat transfer of the pump per kilowatt of power decreases.

This is why underfloor heating or low-temperature radiator heating is usually used with heat pumps.

The main source of heat in my home is inverter air conditioners, a type of air source heat pump. Usable area 154 square meters are heated by 4 devices with a total peak thermal power of 14 kW, consuming from 1.2 to 4 kW depending on the street temperature. About 1,500 kWh of electricity per month is consumed for heating needs.

Conclusion

I sincerely hope that my recommendations and experience will help the reader choose an economical and affordable heating scheme. As always, the video in this article will give you an opportunity to get acquainted with additional information. I look forward to your comments. Good luck, comrades!

Buildings in the private sector are the most problematic objects for heating. Since houses get very cold in winter, there is an urgent need for heating. It is worth noting that the main factor slowing down the process of resolving the issue is the cost of the work. Work of this nature is very expensive. Many village residents are looking for options that provide more economical heating for a private home. In our note we will consider acceptable existing options economical heating, perhaps by determining the most economical way to heat your home.

Insulation of the building

Remember, in order to spend less money on heating the room, it is important to ensure that this heat does not escape through the walls. Simply put, before choosing economical heating for your home, you should insulate it. The house can be insulated already finished or at the stage of its construction. Thanks to good thermal insulation, you will turn on the heating less often, and the system will maintain normal operation for many years. This will significantly reduce fuel consumption. Good home insulation means low heat loss and economical heating of a private home. When building a well-insulated house, it is important to make the foundation in compliance with all standards. Use thermal insulation materials from the best manufacturers. To lay the foundation, purchase building blocks and insulate the facade with polystyrene foam. Today, expanded polystyrene is the only material with low thermal conductivity. He is the best material for insulation of external walls of buildings.

Thermal insulation materials are of good quality and reasonable price will help you improve your home with minimal financial expenses. For greater reliability, let's consider an example. A well-insulated room consumes at least 50% less energy. We compare ordinary structure with insulated. To heat the house before insulation, you spent 100 kW, and after that 50 kW will be enough for you.

The positive side of an insulated building is the fact that your heating system is less dependent on electricity.

What does it mean? This means only one thing, you will save money by reducing the consumption of electricity from which the heaters are powered, thereby your economical home heating system will pay for itself.

After high-quality insulation of the house, you can purchase any type of heating equipment. It will be possible for you to use solar panels, heat pumps or solid fuel boilers without gas.

Use of automatic heating means.

Such economical heating of a private house will significantly save family budget. Remember, when using automation, you can increase the temperature by one degree. In terms of the heat indicators of other fuels, you get 5% more heat.

Automation will protect you from rapidly rising prices for gas and other fuel resources.

Also, automatic, economical heating systems in a private home can maintain the room temperature to a given level. As you can see, it will not work constantly, but only as the room cools. This results in a minimal risk of room overheating.

Also, your presence is not needed to regulate the temperature of the heat released. Automation can constantly keep the air temperature in the room within 27 degrees. Automation allows you to heat the room up to 17 degrees Celsius. This function is relevant when you leave the room for a long time, and it is necessary to maintain the climate.

Installation low temperatures will make it possible to maintain in the house comfortable conditions without overheating or cooling it down.

The savings when using a system such as automatic economical home heating are significant. It reaches 30%. The cost of equipment and installation is acceptable for a family with an average budget. Also, all costs are recouped in a matter of months.

Maintains temperature level at one specified degree

When installing equipment such as economical heating systems for a country house, in order to achieve heating savings, first of all buy thermostatic heads and sensors for indoor temperature readings. They are mounted on heating elements. To install a temperature sensor, connect the pipes that connect the sensors and the boiler.

This kind of work is best done at the stage of building a house. If the house is already ready, we recommend paying attention to wireless sensors. You must understand that such sensors will cost more, but you save on labor costs when hidden installation equipment.

Maintaining low indoor temperatures

In this case, you cannot do without additional equipment. To do this, you need to buy a programmer and controlled sensors. Installation of the sensor is simple, as is its management. In order for it to work, you need to learn the functions of several buttons. It is quite difficult to heat a country house without using such a heating system. Such economical heating of a country house is acceptable and simply necessary for those who live in the house for a short time, and after leaving, the house needs to be maintained at a comfortable temperature.

It is enough to set the indicator on the sensor to 17 degrees, and the system will immediately start working in economy mode.

As soon as there is a need to warm up the room well again, set the temperature on the sensor to higher values. As you can see, this economical system home heating - great option warm up the house without wasting a lot of fuel.

He is able to replace automatic sensor and allows you to reduce fuel consumption, thereby providing economical home heating. The device has earned many positive characteristics from consumers. The programmer allows you to control yourself both automatically and manually.

You set the indicators you are interested in, and they will be met as long as they satisfy you. When using automatic mode, you can set the temperature to change within a day. An hour before you arrive home, the programmer changes the indicators to big side and creates the conditions necessary for you.

Energy Saving Technologies

Condensing boilers. They have proven themselves well when installing energy-saving equipment. The efficiency of the condensing boiler reaches a maximum of 110%. Such a result can be achieved by such an economical heating system for a private home, designed for long-term use at low temperatures.
Warm floor. An indispensable attribute for low-temperature heating. Heated floors and a condensing boiler work together to heat the room quickly and economically. In this case, warm air is distributed evenly and creates favorable conditions for people to live.

What other devices are there for economical heating?

There are many devices known that, with good heating, allow consumers to save money. These include heat pumps, economical home heating with electricity, solar panels, solid fuel boilers or a system geothermal heating. All these options are the most economical compared to gas heating.

But it is worth noting that the cost of equipment and installation work is very high. Also take into account the cost of spare parts for an economical heating system for a dacha in the event necessary repairs. To reassure you, let's say that, despite the high cost, they will still pay off.

As you can see, there are many ways to heat economically a private house. To simplify the task, choose the most economical heating for yourself, and also use automatic energy-saving appliances.

Cosy warm house– probably every person’s dream. Today, most people prefer to live in private houses, because this has many advantages. But how to make your home the most comfortable, everyone decides in their own way. And, probably, it’s first worth considering the amount of heat and light.

Which heating is better for a private home?

There are several ways to heat a country house. Each of them has its own pros and cons, operating principles, and requires certain costs. Choice specific type heating depends on many factors. For example, the presence of a fireplace or stove in the house, electricity, the availability of materials such as gas, fuel, firewood or coal.

Depending on this, the following types of home heating are distinguished::

Air;
Electric;
Water.

An air heating system passes air through special device– a heat exchanger, after which the heated air is distributed evenly throughout the room. This type of heating is expensive and requires a huge amount of space. However, it provides quick heating of the house.

Electric heating is based on the conversion of electricity into heat.

This type is environmentally friendly and easy to install and use, but despite this, it significantly increases energy costs and forces you to constantly ventilate the room, as oxygen is burned. Water heating is based on the circulation of liquid through pipes, which ensures heating of the room. Such a system can be installed without the help of specialists, however, during frosts when the system is turned off, the water can freeze and rupture the pipes.

The most popular and economical heating method is electric. This will be discussed further.

Heating a house with electricity: cheap or expensive

There are a huge number of heating methods. But, unfortunately, not all of them can be used in your own home.

Electric heating is the cheapest and most convenient option:

The installation of such heating requires a minimum of effort;
Installation of the system does not require adjustment to any season;
The heating system is very compact and does not require building an additional room for the boiler room;
There is no need to provide maintenance;
The cost of using such a system depends on the degree of operation and temperature level;
The electric heating system is the most environmentally friendly.

Thus, electric heating does not require special physical and monetary costs and is most common in private homes.

Types of electric heating systems

Electric heating systems are designed to convert electricity into heat. The methods of such transformation vary, and this is what the main types of such systems are based on. However, they all have one minus, unlike gas - the cost of their use is high, since they are based on electricity.

Among them are:

Electric boilers;
Heaters based on the use of infrared rays;
Warm floor running on electricity;
Fan heaters.

Electric boilers operate by heating the liquid in the heating circuit that is connected to them. Electric convectors also use heating elements. Only in this case electricity does not pass through the liquid. Heating is carried out by heating the aluminum or steel housing and the air that is inside this housing. Hot air rises, changing places with cold air. With the help of such circulation, the room is also heated.

Electric heating is the most economical: without a boiler

Which method is the most economical? Convectors do not take up much space and can be placed on the wall, on the floor, built-in or external. They quickly warm up the air and accurately perform the assigned tasks. The only downside is that one convector will not be enough to heat the entire house.

Infrared heaters convert electricity into infrared rays, capable of heating any object. They can take the form of rectangles built into the floor or wall, or mounted on a stand. This heating system heats the air only in a certain area of the room. In order to heat the entire house, you need to install a large number of such devices. On the one hand, they are cheap to use, but their quantity increases the cost.

Infrared heaters are economical because they different areas You can set an individual temperature regime in the house. Therefore, these heaters are on average 35% more economical compared to boilers. An electric heated floor is installed under the tiles and may not be the main heating system.

Advantages of heated floors:

Regulate temperature in electrical warm floors can be done easily and accurately;
An electric heated floor does not need to be filled with new screeds, which require additional costs and put extra pressure on the floors;
Due to the ease of installation, electric heated floors can be installed both in a private house and in a multi-storey one.

The only disadvantages of such a system include energy costs. But, on the other hand, if an electric heated floor is still not the main one, then this drawback can be crossed out. Fan heaters (heater, not radiator) are not the main heating system. They have a quick effect only in small rooms, but at the same time they use a large amount of electricity, due to which they greatly increase the cost of costs. Electric batteries are not bad heaters.

Economical electric boilers: options

Boilers are divided into those based on heaters - heating elements - and electrode ones.

The work of heating elements is that they heat running water and distribute it throughout the system. Special pumps are often installed with heaters to help circulate fluid through the system. Usually there are 3 or 4 heating elements in the boiler, which can work simultaneously or one at a time - it all depends on the temperature level.

The power of electric heating boilers also varies. There are models that operate from a single-phase or three-phase network. An electrode boiler fails because electricity passes through the liquid from electrode to electrode. Instead of water, non-freezing liquid is used here.

Advantages of electric boilers:

Easy to install and regulate;
Do not take up much space;
Accurately and quickly regulate the temperature level;
Their work does not create noise;
Relatively low cost and economical maintenance.

Disadvantages of electric boilers: high energy costs; with prolonged use of heating elements, the heaters become covered with scale and stop working; in the absence of water, heating elements burn out. Often boilers do not cope with their tasks and cannot warm up the entire house, that is, they slowly heat the house. The operation of boilers depends entirely on the power of the electrical network. Correct schemes And quality batteries for a cottage allows you to heat the house inexpensively. Homemade device quite possible.

The most economical electric heating and electrical appliances

The most economical and easiest to use is the electric convector system. They consist of an aluminum or steel casing that heats the air from both outside and outside. inside. Warm air gives way to cold air, and thus the entire room is heated.

Advantages of using convectors:

The convector is the most efficient heating system. Due to the small size of the heating elements, the air heats up faster, being evenly distributed throughout the room.
This is the highest quality type of heating, since it does not waste electricity, completely converting it into heat. This is also the reason for its efficiency.
Convectors are easily adjustable and do not heat up above 100 ºС. Many models have a safety system that turns off the device if air access is blocked.
This heating system is quite easy to install and use. All you need to do after purchasing is install it on a wall or on a stand and plug it into the network.
Convectors are much cheaper than electric boilers.
Since one convector will not be enough to heat the entire house, you need to purchase more devices. However, this can be done gradually, depending on the need or availability of funds.
Such a heating system does not respond to possible power surges and continues to work properly.

The choice of convector depends, first of all, on the expected price. However, it is best to buy a device from leading manufacturers, since the issue here is about home security. It is important to pay attention to the restart function after turning off the device. If in this case the convector requires human intervention, then this will create some problems in its use, including the risk of great damage from freezing the house. Efficient and profitable alternative heating according to new technologies.

Installation of electric heating in a private house

An electric heating system is very easy to install. Therefore, you can do this yourself. This will save money, since you won’t have to call specialists.

Installation consists of three stages:

Planning;
Installation;
Launch.

First, you need to prepare a heating circuit and appliances, taking into account the way it will be used. In order to carry out an economical heat calculation and choose an electric boiler for a private home, you can call a specialist or use ready-made programs.

Next, panels are equipped with separate circuit breakers for each room and the wiring is installed. You need to consider how many boilers and other equipment you need to purchase. You will need automation, ceramic or other pipes. An electric battery that will heat, with an electricity consumption similar to that of a light bulb, is everyone’s dream. Modular energy-saving units will help you save some fuel gas elements for the premises of country houses.

After the electrical wiring is ready, you can begin installing equipment that will help heat the room (energy or economical radiators). It is important to pay attention to the temperature regime. At first, the device will work hard. This will warm up the room very quickly. And then the system will go into normal mode and will turn on to maintain the set temperature level, like a drip device.

However, the use only electric heating could cost a pretty penny. Therefore, you should use other means of heating your home to increase your living comfort.

Methods of additional thermal insulation:

Insulating loggias, balconies and verandas will block the penetration of cold street air into the house. Thus, heating the house will be much more efficient.
Replacing old windows with plastic ones. This will eliminate the occurrence of drafts, which is also good for heating in bad weather. If it is not possible to install new windows, then you can insulate the old ones. To do this, you need to coat the space between the frame and the opening with sealant and seal it with electrical tape.
Using the same principle, old doors are replaced with new ones.
You can insulate walls both outside and inside. Internal insulation reduces the size of the room, so experts recommend insulating walls from the outside. For this purpose, heat insulators are used.
Ceiling insulation is most often carried out in the attic. In this case, mats are used, under which a vapor barrier is placed, and a water barrier is placed on the mats.
You should pay attention to floor insulation. This is important because most often the floor does not warm up well, which causes some discomfort.

According to the laws of physics, warm air rises, giving way to cold air. Therefore, it is important to insulate the roof so that the heated air does not leave the house at all. The method of roof insulation depends on its type. If it is a pitched roof, then insulation is carried out inside the house using mineral wool. If the roof is flat, then hard materials are used on the outside that are not exposed to various negative influences. Homemade products (convection, autonomous, innovative heating for an apartment) are also possible, the panels will allow you to save money, but the equipment must be thought out thoroughly.