Anthurium babies planting and care. Layers or side shoots. Lighting, temperature

This tropical plant family of aroids has attracted the attention of gardeners with its decorative evergreen foliage and unusual flowers, consisting of a blanket wrapped in a spiral around the inflorescence-cob. Anthurium flowers remain fresh when cut for up to three weeks and are often used by phytodesigners in making bouquets.

Most of the approximately 900 natural species- epiphytes or semi-epiphytes.

Read below:

• Types of anthurium for indoor floriculture;
• Conditions necessary for maintaining anthurium;
• How to care for anthurium at home;
• Rejuvenation of an old flower;
• Atrium propagation methods;
• Diseases and pests of anthuriums;

Types of anthurium for indoor floriculture

The most widespread of the entire variety are two decorative flowering species - Anthurium Andre and Anthurium Scherzer and two decorative deciduous ones - Anthurium magnificent and Anthurium crystal. Let's look at the photo.

Anthurium Andre

A plant with large heart-shaped leaves on tall petioles. The shoot is covered with numerous aerial roots. The heart-shaped bedspread is textured, with pronounced veins or bubbles. The color of the flowers varies from red to soft pink, and can be greenish, yellow and white.

Anthurium Scherzer

A small anthurium, the size of which does not exceed 40 cm. Leathery dark leaves are covered with black dots on both sides. Large flowers rise above the leaves. Varieties with a spiral-twisted tail look very original.

Anthurium magnificent and Anthurium crystal

These varieties are quite similar to each other. They have large velvety foliage with a pointed tip and pronounced voluminous white or silver veins that form a unique pattern on the dark background. The cover of flowers is greenish, less often with a purple tint.

Conditions necessary for keeping anthurium

Caring for the plant is quite complicated. Anthurium grows best in closed greenhouses with a maintained tropical microclimate. Home care requires more time and care. Another option is growing in closed arboretums.

Growing Temperature Range

For proper development and regular flowering, it is necessary to create a difference in the microclimate of the winter and summer seasons. In the summer months, the temperature should vary between 20-25 ° C; in winter, a decrease to 16-18 ° C is required.

Sudden temperature changes and drafts weaken the plant.

Lighting requirements

Anthuriums are quite shade-tolerant. Decorative deciduous varieties thrive on northern windows. Decorative flowering plants are more demanding of light. They need to be grown in good brightness, but avoid direct sunlight, which can cause burns to the leaf blade.

IN winter time or in shaded areas, it is advisable for the plant to organize artificial illumination with a predominance of the red and blue spectra of the lamp.

Proper watering and spraying

As an indigenous inhabitant of the rainforest, the anthurium flower needs high humidity.

Watering is carried out soft warm water 3-4 times a week. In winter, water less often - once every seven days is enough.

To maintain optimal humidity around the surface of the plant, use daily spraying through a fine sprayer.

You can lay pieces of sphagnum moss around the flowerpot. The moisture evaporating from the surface of the tray with moss will create an excellent microclimate.

Advice! Monitor the humidity and always drain excess water from the tray. Overdrying and overwatering are equally disastrous for the root system.

How to make a soil mixture

The pot needs to be selected wide and not very deep, slightly larger than the root system. A good drainage layer is required.

The soil mixture should be light and loose, with a large fraction. When compiling it, take the following ratio: 4 parts humus, 2 parts leaf wholemeal, 2 parts peat and 1 part sand. Up to 15% of the volume of charcoal, moss and pieces of cones are added to the soil. These inclusions increase the air and water permeability of the substrate.

The Ph reaction should fluctuate within slightly acidic limits - from 5.5 to 6.5 units.

How to care for anthurium at home

In addition to maintaining optimal conditions, anthuriums require certain care - regular transplants and fertilizing.

Advice! It is advisable to wear gloves when working with anthurium. The juice of these plants is poisonous and, if it comes into contact with the mucous membrane, causes severe irritation.

How often to feed anthuriums

Feeding is required only during the period of active flowering or growth. Both excess and deficiency nutrients in the soil can lead to visible defects on the leaves and flower spathe.

To avoid mistakes, dilute half of the norm liquid fertilizer for indoor decorative flowering plants and water once every 2 weeks.

Rules for planting and transplanting

In the spring, young anthurium is transplanted once a year. Transplanting at home does not cause any particular difficulties. You should tap the edges of the pot to make the roots easier to separate from the walls. We take out the plant along with the earthen lump. Well developed root system usually tightly woven. It needs to be gently shaken, removing loose pieces of soil. Do not be too zealous so as not to damage the brittle roots.

Place the plant in the center of the pot with drainage and add soil mixture to the sides, shaking the container periodically. This will allow you to better fill the voids between the roots with fresh soil.

An adult anthurium requires soil renewal once every two years. Transplantation is carried out in a similar way and may be accompanied by dividing the overgrown bush.

You can watch how to transplant an anthurium at home in the video.

Rejuvenation of an old flower

With age, the lower part of the stem becomes bare, the leaves and flowers become smaller and lose their decorative effect. Rejuvenation will help restore your former beauty.
You can simply cut off the top of the shoot with aerial roots and plant it in a new pot with prepared soil mixture.

If the roots on the shoot are in their infancy, the cutting can be placed in warm boiled or distilled water. When the roots sprout, the plant is transplanted into a pot.

Important! If the room temperature is below 20°C, attempting to root a cutting in water may result in rotting.

There is one more original way rejuvenation by cuttings. The shoot is not cut off immediately, but the appearance of roots is stimulated by tying a piece of moss around the bottom of the branch intended for cutting. The moisture of the moss is constantly maintained until roots grow through it. A cut is made under the roots, dusted with coal and planted.

Polishing leaves

Anthuriums look great with polished leaves. To do this, plants are sprayed with a special phytospray for 20-30 seconds.
Polishes remove stains from water droplets, prevent dust from settling, and give a beautiful glossy shine. leaf plate without affecting the course of photosynthesis processes.

Anthurium propagation methods

For those who value anthurium, propagation of the plant is possible in several options:

• dividing the bush;
• stem cuttings;
• seeds.

Dividing an overgrown bush is done in the spring when replanting the plant. The main task is to carefully unravel the roots and divide them evenly between the two divided parts. It is advisable to powder the wound at the site of separation of the common root and broken roots with activated carbon powder to prevent rot.

For cuttings, take the top of the shoot with several aerial roots. On some bushes you can take a side shoot with its own root system.

Propagation by seeds is more labor-intensive and time-consuming. As a result of artificial pollination, berries develop on the anthurium, each of which ripens from one to four seeds. Before planting, the seeds are soaked for two hours in a pink solution of potassium permanganate to prevent mold fungi. Germination is long. Shoots can be expected in two months, and the first flowering - only after 4 years.

Diseases and pests of anthuriums

In case of violation of growing conditions or in the absence preventive measures from pests, anthuriums can develop diseases.

Signs of the disease and treatment

• Anthurium leaves curled into tubes. The lighting is excessively bright and triggered the activation of the protective mechanism. Move the pot away from direct sunlight. The plant will quickly react and unfold its leaf blades.
• Black spots appeared on the flowers. The result of large drops of water hitting a plant. You need to spray carefully, using a good sprayer. Sometimes this is caused by excess calcium salts in the soil mixture or being kept in a cold room.
• The stems began to rot. Manifestation excess humidity and watering. It is recommended to remove the affected stems on which putrefactive bacteria and fungi develop. For treatment, it is necessary to completely stop watering and spraying until the earthen ball dries out. Further watering reduce, spraying is not carried out so intensively.
• appear on the leaves dark spots. Excessive humidity and watering. Lightly dry the pot and normalize the hydration of the plant and the earthen coma.
• Yellowing of the lower leaves. May indicate excess fertilizer or too cold temperature.
• Massive yellowing of leaves. Indicates problems with the root system. The plant is urgently removed from the pot, dead parts are removed and planted in fresh soil.
• Drying of leaves. It may be normal as they age. If the leaves dry out en masse, check for mites or aphids. The tips of the leaves may dry out if there is insufficient air humidity and high temperatures.
• Why doesn't anthurium bloom? Lack of flowering is a sign insufficient lighting, inconsistency in the size of the pot or too high a temperature. Move the pot to a bright place, out of direct sun, replant and lower the room temperature below 20 degrees to stimulate the formation of flower buds.

Advice! Closer to spring, the plant is shed once with warm (from forty to fifty degrees) water. Such watering will provoke lush flowering.

• Aphids are clearly visible to the naked eye. The young, most tender parts of the plant are most affected. The plant can be easily cured by spraying with special preparations.
• Scale insect: dark spots appear on the leaves. WITH reverse side A brown tubercle is clearly visible in this place on the leaf. Rubbing the leaves with a solution of laundry soap or spraying with insecticides helps against scale insects.
• Spider mite. Leaves turn yellow in spots and curl, young leaves grow irregularly degenerative form. Acaricide treatment is required.
• Root nematodes. Thickenings and tubercles on the roots indicate damage to the anthurium by nematodes. This disease cannot be treated. The plant and flower pot are destroyed (preferably burned to prevent the spread of nematodes).

Advice! Ceramic pots can not be disposed of, but can be sterilized in the oven.

Many people think that anthuriums are capricious houseplants. However, if you follow the rules of care, the plant will delight you beautiful flowering throughout the summer.

To do this you need to know that Anthurium loves rooms with high air humidity, so it needs daily spraying. Air humidity needs to be monitored especially carefully during the period when heating season. It is advisable to spray the plant in the morning and evening. In summer, you can even cover the plant with damp gauze. The plant can be bathed 2 times a year; the water should be warm, and after this procedure the plant should be allowed to dry completely in a dark place to avoid sunburn.

Air temperature the room in which the anthurium is located should not fall below 18 degrees C. The soil temperature should also not be lower than the ambient temperature, so it is better to use plastic rather than ceramic pots. The plant loves light, but a lot depends on the plant variety.

So, Scherzer's anthurium needs sun rays less than Anthurium Andre, although it is better to try to shade the latter.

What soil should I plant anthurium in?

The soil has very important for anthurium, because in natural conditions the plant grows in the lower tier of the tropics, and some representatives of this genus have become epiphytes. Therefore, it is advisable to use a special substrate for epiphytes. If you can’t find one, then you can mix the substrate for “Azalea” with expanded clay, peat, pine bark, and sphagnum. The substrate is loose, airy, breathable and moisture-absorbing - an ideal substrate for anthurium.

You can also plant this indoor plant in acidic soil to which expanded clay has been added, or a substrate intended for begonias with the addition of sphagnum and perlite. In general, for planting anthurium, you can use a mixture in the following proportions: 1 part leaf soil: 1 part coniferous soil: 1 part peat: 0.5 sand with the addition of bark coniferous species And charcoal. There are examples when anthurium is planted in pure moss without additives or soil. A definite advantage in this case is that there is no need to monitor air humidity, since moss provides both moisture and the necessary breathability.

In any case, the soil for anthurium should be acidic, and alkali should not be present either in the water used for watering or in the soil.

Questions about watering

The issue of watering must be approached carefully. Anthurium should not be over-dried or over-watered.

Overwatering leads to rotting of the roots, and consequently to further death of the plant. Watering should be done according to the condition of the soil, but the earthen clod should not be allowed to dry out. It is important that there is no stagnation of water in the pan!

Interesting question about watering from the forum:

The anthurium got sick and began to rot, so I decided to replant it and saw that there was wet soil at the bottom of the pot. Who would have thought, the earth was dry on top and at the level of the nail it was also dry. Please advise how long should I not water it or is there nothing left to hope for?

Answer: carefully examine the roots cleared from the soil; if there are rotten ones, cut them off and sprinkle them with coal. Wait until the sections dry. Fill the pot 1/3 full with drainage, add chopped sphagnum, pine bark or perlite to the mixture for aroids. Before planting, treat the roots with a fungicide, the leaves with epin, and place the transplanted plant under a bag for 10 days. And don't fill it up! It's better to spray.

Questions about reproduction

Anthurium is propagated by division during transplantation. When dividing, the roots must be carefully untangled so as not to damage them.

Answer to a question asked on the forum on the issue of rejuvenation by A. Andre.

To rejuvenate A. Andre, the elongated stem should be wrapped in damp sphagnum moss and tied with a transparent bag. Moisten the moss daily using a spray bottle. After new roots appear, cut off the cuttings with developed roots, and transplant them together with sphagnum into a greenhouse or container. Before doing this, remove the package.

Questions related to anthurium transplantation, discussed on one of the flower forums:
- I bought Anthurium Andre. The plant requires replanting, but it is recommended to replant only in the spring, I am afraid that after replanting it will disappear.

Answer: in this case, it is better to transfer the plant into a pot with a diameter slightly larger than before and remove a little upper layer soil, if possible, without exposing the roots. If you find aerial roots, cover them with damp moss or sprinkle them with the same soil.

General rules for transshipment: if you purchased a pot that is suitable in size and height for a plant with a ball of earth, then add a little substrate to the bottom, press it down and place the ball of roots in it. After this, pour the substrate in a circle, filling the space between the walls of the pot and the lump.

Watering should be done when the substrate inside is dry? pot height.

The water temperature for irrigation should not be lower than +30 °C, but not higher than +40 °C.

If after transplanting/transferring for better adaptation you place the plant under plastic bag, then the plant will not need watering in the near future. Please take this into account. The bag should be removed periodically for ventilation.

Is it possible to replant a flowering anthurium?

Answer: It can be replanted because the aroid flowers are persistent (last up to 3 weeks) and the plant will not drop them. But it is recommended that flowering plants should not be replanted, but rather transshipped. This should be done carefully so as not to damage the earthen ball. Place the flower in a bright place.

In general, replanting is done once every three years in the spring, choosing a slightly larger pot for the plant so that the anthurium blooms well. It is advisable that it be a wide pot with good drainage. The roots above the ground should be covered with moss and moistened regularly.

If the anthurium does not bloom…

In this case, it is advisable to fertilize once a week. complex fertilizer"Kemira Lux", during the flowering period - use fertilizer for beautifully flowering plants. and move the anthurium to a brighter place, but without direct sunlight hitting it. The room temperature should not fall below 18 °C! Anthurium does not like drafts.

The pot should be slightly larger than its root system. The soil should be moist, but not waterlogged.

If the anthurium has large yellow spots on the leaves, it means that the plant’s nutrition is not balanced. If the spots are small, then they may have been damaged by spider mites.

Question from the forum:

Tell me why the edges of Anthurium Andre (red) flowers are green?

Answer: most likely, it does not have enough light, and perhaps the flower is already old: aroids have the property of turning green in old age.

Question: How long is the rest period, and what care is required during this period?

Answer: for September-February, the temperature should be 15-16 °C, water regularly, humidity should be high, do not fertilize.

Anthurium – evergreen from the Aroniaceae family. Mainly epiphytic: in the tropics and subtropics it grows on trees and roots. The leaves vary greatly in shape depending on the species. The flower consists of an inflorescence of a spadix and a spathe, which acquires a wide variety of colors.

Anthurium cannot be called overly capricious and whimsical. If you create normal conditions for it, then this guest of the subtropics will surprise and delight with its beauty and long-lasting flowering for a long time.

The peculiarity of the harmony between your apartment and anthurium is the air humidity, which is unusual for home conditions.
There is always enough light on the windowsills (it’s better to even diffuse the brightness of the sun), a temperature of 23-25 ​​degrees is also perceived as quite normal, but you will have to spend your strength and skills to maintain air humidity (coupled with the absence of shocks and drafts).

Anthurium planting

Planting methods

Anthurium can be purchased at the store or obtained from an adult plant.

In the first option, it is possible to assume stress when carrying (transporting) the specimen, so you need to let it rest for several weeks in gentle conditions: soft light, no fertilizing or temperature changes, good humidity. Then, after inspecting the bush for diseases and pests, you can begin more intensive watering and fertilizing. If you suspect that the anthurium is crowded or improperly maintained, after a week or two you can transplant the anthurium into your own soil and container. Potassium permanganate, sphagnum, crushed coal - all these are good helpers in the process of growing anthurium.

In the second case, the young plant also requires a lack of stress to get used to the new place. And you too take a closer look at the flower. Water, but in moderation. Keep away from bright open light. Protect from radiators and drafts. However, do not forget to ventilate the plant.

Optimal time for planting

Any plant will tolerate any manipulation less painfully in the absence of flowering. Anthurium is no exception. Although, subject to the factors of temperature, humidity and lighting, it is possible to plant anthurium and not only in autumn and in winter. Anthurium – indoor flower. It is unlikely to take root in areas, since it will not be possible to create sufficient moisture for it.

Soil for the plant, composition and selection of soil

To create anthurium conditions that are close to the natural ones in which it is used to growing in nature, you need to remember the basic principles:

• the soil should be loose, for this they use sphagnum moss, pieces of bark, coconut fiber, broken shards, expanded clay and even polystyrene foam;
• it is better to slightly acidify the composition in the pot, since alkali is unbearable for anthurium;
• disinfection of the soil is simply necessary for susceptible anthurium.

Here are several options for independently forming a substrate for anthurium:

1. Humus - 2 parts, turf soil - 1 part, sand - 1 part. A quarter of any coarse filler is added to this composition;
2. Leaf soil, peat, coniferous soil - one share each. Plus sand - half the share. And charcoal, vermiculite, brick chips.
3. Mix purchased soil for azaleas, violets or begonias with bark or moss. Same way - Activated carbon(chit).

Location and lighting for the plant

When choosing a place in an apartment for an anthurium, try to give it a well-lit window sill, but without the scorching midday sun. Under the canopy of the tropical forest, his wild ancestors had enough light, but not direct, but diffused. If the windows face east or southeast, it will suit best. Anthurium will grow on the northern sides of the house, but either you will have to get used to the fact that it will only show off with greenery (no flowers), or install additional lighting.

Air humidity

It is highly recommended to monitor air humidity very carefully. This is a separate topic from watering, since you can flood a flower, but with normal room conditions with working battery central heating humidity will be 25-50%. And the plant needs all 80%. Tips: spraying the leaves themselves (not flowers!) with warm, soft water, installing special trays with wet stones or moss nearby. Sometimes they hang terry cloths on the batteries and constantly wet them. You can create special closed (aquarium) areas with optimal conditions. But only by not allowing air to stagnate in them. Anthurium loves fresh air.

Temperature

In summer +23 (plus or minus two or three degrees), in winter temperatures drop to +17 degrees.

KNOW: The minimum that anthurium can withstand for a short time is 15 degrees Celsius, the maximum is 32 degrees.

How to water correctly

Water the plant once a day, but in no case allow the flower to be injured by cold water temperatures or by watering the flowers. In winter, watering is limited, but it is unacceptable to overdry the soil. The subtropical plant will get sick.

The distinctive features of feeding anthurium are as follows:

• the concentration of minerals should not be high;
• time for applying fertilizers is spring and summer;
• Root feeding is done once every two weeks;
• foliar daily feeding has proven itself well;
• It is better not to apply fertilizer to young or recently transplanted anthuriums.

You can fertilize with azofoska and potassium humate (proportions 3:1) in low concentration. It is useful to alternate minerals with organic substances (watering or laying in the form of mulch).

It's easier to try to pick any ready-made mixtures for Araceae in the flower department.

Plant pruning

If you do not plan to plant growing shoots in separate places, you need to trim them. This way you will form a compact and healthy plant, avoiding the loss of its decorative effect and weakening of flowering.

Trimming methods

In addition to getting rid of the thickening of side shoots, you can trim the leaves themselves if there are too many of them. The only thing you shouldn’t do is touch the roots. This is the most delicate and responsible part of the anthurium, so healthy roots are not trimmed.

But the peduncle must be trimmed after flowering. Otherwise, it will draw back all the forces with the formation of seeds and in the next period the anthurium may not bloom. Tools for pruning should be sharp (knife, pruning shears) and clean.

Anthurium transplant

With age home flower it becomes crowded in one pot and should be replanted.

Transplant methods

Anthurium is transplanted in four cases:

• if you suspect that the composition of the soil is incorrect, change it (simple transshipment with a lump of earth is used);
• when the pot becomes too crowded;
• when they want to plant anthurium;
• when there is a need to inspect underground parts of the plant damaged by improper care or disease.

An expanded pot with shallow depth is more suitable for anthurium. Replant carefully, trying not to damage healthy roots and getting rid of rotten or damaged ones. They do it in the fall , after flowering.

IMPORTANT: proper drainage- half the success in growing anthurium.

To get several copies of anthurium, it is enough to propagate it. This is very easy to do.

Basic techniques, subtleties of breeding

Anthurium is most often propagated by dividing the bush. The roots are not cut, but each bush with its obligatory growing point is carefully separated and planted in another container. On next year the plant separated in this way can bloom.

Similarly to a whole bush, only the cutting can be separated. Usually lateral cuttings develop quite actively. In this case, you can do without transplanting the entire anthurium. Under no circumstances should they try to pull the cuttings out by the roots. One hundred percent of the roots will break off and injure the flower. The shoot seems to break off from the main bush, but is broken off as low as possible in order to capture several small roots.

Then the soil and the mini-greenhouse will do their job in a month and you will get a new young antarium.

You can do it even simpler - cut off the stalk. Length – 5-7 cm. As always, cuttings must be dried for several hours to prevent infections from entering open tissues. Then a selected mixture of soil and sand or, best of all, sphagnum moss with the required humidity will ensure the appearance of roots.

In some varieties, propagation can be carried out even with one leaf.

Less common is the propagation of anthurium by seeds due to the hassle and time-consuming nature.

Bloom

Flowering period, flower shape

Anthuriums are one of the longest flowering plants. The break in flowering can be only a few months in winter.

The shape of the flower is very remarkable: the flower inflorescence in the form of a spadix is ​​surrounded by a veil, which can twist in the form of a spiral or simply be located next to it at an angle to it.

The red color of the bedspread is a classic color for anthurium. But recently, breeders have developed many other colors and shades. Delicate greenish, yellow, orange, brown. The pink color of the bedspread is popular. Sometimes they even confuse white anthurium with spathiphyllum.

Plant care after flowering

After the plant has detected signs of flower wilting, it is necessary to trim the flower and transfer the flower to winter mode. That is, lower the temperature, water less often and limit fertilizing.

This will set the stage for future flowering seasons. Lighting should not be dimmed in winter.

Due to the fact that chokeberry plants are toxic to most pests, damage by them occurs infrequently.

You may notice avocado scale when examining the lower parts of the leaf. These are pronounced greenish or brown growths that are washed off with ordinary soapy water when detected.

In greenhouse conditions, very small white (gray) moths - aphids - may appear. This pest is omnivorous and very prolific. Quickly buy nicotine sulfate (or another remedy recommended against aphids) and treat the leaves. After it has stood for a day under the influence of the drug, you need to carefully but thoroughly rinse the leaves under a warm stream of clean water.

Flaws in provision the right amount(and quality) of moisture and light can affect the leaves in the form of spots, spots, yellowing and drying of the leaves. If you notice these signs, immediately adjust your care.

Incorrectly selected soil with excess calcium will be reflected in the tips of the leaves. They will acquire Brown color and will begin to curl.

Anthurium also suffers from fungal diseases, since it is in a high-risk zone due to high air humidity.

Gray rot will manifest itself in the form of a whitish coating on the stems, and then on the leaves. It can be cured by repeated spraying with Topsin, removing diseased parts of the plant and constantly ventilating the flower.

Septoria can be treated copper sulfate. Suspicion of this disease should arise when brown spots with a yellow border appear on the leaves.

If the veins remain green, but the rest of the leaf turns yellow, then this is chlorosis. Add magnesium or iron to your fertilizer.

Popular types (varieties)

The second most common inhabitant of our apartments is Anthurium Scherzer. It is the most unpretentious of all varieties. It is distinguished by short stems, elliptical or ovoid shapes of an orange or red spathe. Dots on leaves and flowers.

It should be noted Anthurium Andre. This is the first anthurium brought to Europe. Its second name is anthurium dakota. The variety consists of variants of white, pink, and red. In this species, the flowers rise above the leaves, standing out with special beauty.

from popular varieties

Baker (Baker). The pale green or yellow spathe is located close to the base of the plant, but it is surrounded by thin leaves.

Anthurium Tourenza(“Turenzo”) is beautiful with both leaves and flowers.

Anthurium Crystal attracts attention with the amazing color of its leaves. They are dark green with light veins. The flower is thin, elongated.

Climbing with original flowers

A whole group of anthuriums from the “lava” series is in fashion. They are distinguished by bright colors of the bedspread, gentle transitions of shades and lush glossy foliage.

The Orange varieties are very beautiful with a transition from yellow to deep orange color at the end.

Interesting brown anthurium Otazu Brown with leathery flowers

anthurium mix– looks great with the right selection of different colors.

Answers to readers' questions

Plant lifespan

Since the plant is an evergreen and perennial, its lifespan can reach several decades.

Is it possible to keep this plant at home?

Anthurium – whole home plant. Of course, unless you live somewhere in the tropics. Therefore, keeping it at home is quite natural. Especially when you have the time and desire to give this exotic overseas guest more attention than some others indoor plants.

Is this flower poisonous?

Like most plants belonging to the Aroniaceae family, anthurium has a slightly toxic sap. It is better to work with it with gloves. And protect from being eaten by cats and dogs. But no fumes are released in the air and therefore, with appropriate precautions, anthurium is a completely harmless house flower.

Why doesn't anthurium bloom?

Here is a list of factors due to which a wayward anthurium may not bloom:

• lack of light (or excess direct sunlight;
• low humidity;
• excessively high temperatures;
• overfeeding with nitrogen-containing fertilizers;
• absence of a period of winter rest with low temperatures;
• excessive watering (insufficient);

It has been noticed that fading flowers can also help slow down the release of new flower stalks. At the first signs of wilting, the flower must be carefully trimmed with a disinfected tool.

And further helpful advice: check if the pot is too big for the flower. In this case, the anthurium will increase its green mass and put off the flowers for later.

Why do its leaves turn yellow (dry)?

Check the conditions of detention. Most likely the roots are “uncomfortable”: either the concentration of fertilizing is too high or the watering is not normal.

But if, after eliminating errors in care, the leaves still do not return to normal, then it is realistic to assume a disease: chlorosis (add iron when feeding), fusarium (treat with fungicides).

Flower care in winter

Winter is the time when the plant least of all needs any extra care: the temperature is reduced to 16-18 degrees, watered only once a week, but make sure that the water is never cold.
In the same way, sudden changes in temperature or drafts should not be allowed for anthurium. It may not only stop blooming, but even die altogether.

The Anthurium genus contains hundreds of tropical plant species that are often admired as houseplants for their colorful flowers almost year-round. Anthurium is native to the tropical forests of the Central and South America. Although sensitive to temperature and humidity, anthuriums are relatively hardy and easy to care for indoors. They are usually sold as cuttings or mature plants, but it is also possible to grow them from seeds.

Steps

Part 1

Prepare the soil mixture. Anthurium prefers rough, well-drained soil. Try a mixture of equal parts perlite, peat moss and pine bark. Alternatively, mix three parts potting mix with one part coarse material such as orchid bark or gravel. If the anthurium is at least a year old, it may prefer even coarser material, achieved by adding a handful of crushed aquarium charcoal, coarse river sand or small pieces broken brick.

• On outdoors anthuriums can only grow in American climatic zones 11 and 12, which correspond to minimum annual temperatures of 4.4ºC or higher. In any other climate, use a flower pot and keep them indoors.

1. Plant the anthurium in a pot 1/3 filled with this soil mixture. Anthuriums should be kept in a pot only slightly larger than themselves, or the roots may rot and die. Fill the pot 1/3 full with the prepared soil mixture. Generally, the plant's roots will continue to grow above the soil, so starting at this low filling level, delay the need to replant the anthurium into bigger pot.

   • If you are using a potting mix with less coarse material or poorer drainage, consider a layer or two of pebbles in the bottom of the container to help water drain faster.

2. Keep in a warm to hot place with indirect sunlight. Anthuriums grow well at daytime temperatures of 27-32ºC. If this is not possible, plants will usually survive indoors at temperatures above 15.5ºC, but the warmer the better. Avoid direct sunlight, which can burn the plant, but keep it in a brightly lit area to encourage flowering. South or east window sill - a good option(northern or eastern - if you are in the Southern Hemisphere).

   • If night temperatures drop below 4.4ºC, leaves may turn yellow and growth is likely to slow. The plant rarely survives for long if the temperature drops below zero (0ºC).
   • Do not keep plants directly in front of heaters or heating ventilation holes, which can burn them.

3. Keep the air moist. Simulate the humid tropical environment of anthuriums by keeping the room at 80% humidity or higher. Aquariums or shallow trays of pebbles in the water will help achieve this if located near the plant. Mist your plants weekly or daily if you live in a dry climate, making sure to spray the parts of the stem that grow above the rim of the pot.

   Keep the soil moist but not soggy. Water in small amounts as needed to prevent the soil from drying out. Even in hot weather, the soil does not need to be watered more than once every two to three days, since the plant will not absorb large amounts of water from the roots.

   • If the leaves turn yellow (but not brown and wilted), this may be a sign overwatering. Let the soil dry out before watering if this occurs.

4. Provide support if the anthurium falls. Most anthuriums are naturally occurring, but perhaps a minority are sold as houseplants - "epiphytic," meaning that they grow on other plants rather than in soil. If your plant has a similar climbing stem and is unable to support itself, use a stake or other wooden object to help the plant climb up. You do not need to move the epiphytic anthurium from the soil; she won't harm him.

   Fertilize anthurium carefully. Newly planted anthuriums do not need fertilizer for at least a few months. If you decide to apply fertilizer to encourage bright color and growth, use a 3:1:2 slow-release fertilizer and dilute it to 1/4 the recommended amount before applying according to instructions.

   Repot into a larger pot when needed. Anthuriums often build a mound of roots above the soil surface. About once a year, or if the soil begins to dry out quickly between waterings, tamp down a layer of peat or sphagnum moss to the bottom 1/2 to 2/3 of the exposed stem. Keep this layer moist and wait for the roots to grow from the buried part of the stem. Once they have spread throughout this layer, cut the stem clean, sharp knife at the base of the soil mixture, and transfer the covered stem to a new pot, with the covered stem below the soil level.

   • Remember, plant the anthurium in a container only 1/3 filled with soil, so that the stem is below the rim of the pot.

   Part 2

   Growing anthurium from seeds

   1. Plant seeds for an additional task. Commercially grown anthuriums are typically propagated using cuttings and scions. It is possible to grow anthurium from seed, but the resulting plant may have unpredictable characteristics if it was produced using a hybrid mother plant, and may be more difficult to grow. In non-tropical areas, it can be difficult to even find fresh anthurium seeds.

      • If you are growing an anthurium cutting or a mature plant, skip to the beginning of section two.

   2. Collect ripe anthurium fruits. Anthurium seeds should be fresh and moist when planted. If you don't have an anthurium, ask another gardener or garden store if you can get some of the fruit from their rarely used plants. If you live in the tropical New World region, you can collect wild anthuriums. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of anthurium species, so you may want to consult your local plant identification booklet.

      • Warning: The fruits, along with all other parts of the anthurium, are toxic and should not be eaten.

   3. Remove the pulp. The fruit pulp surrounding the seed can prevent the seed from growing or becoming moldy. Scrape off as much of the pulp as possible with your fingers, then scoop the seed into a glass of water. Leave it there for a day or two until the pulp separates and floats to the surface.

      • Warning: Some types of anthurium may irritate the skin. The use of gloves is recommended.

   4. Prepare the soil mixture for the seeds. Grind sphagnum moss, available at garden centers, into shorter fibers to make a lovely, fluffy material. Mix three parts of this crushed moss with 1 part river sand or perlite, and add a small amount of crushed aquarium charcoal.

   5. Sow the seeds and pour the potting mixture into a clear-lined planter or tray. Anthuriums come from the tropics and require warm, humid environment. There are a couple in various ways so you can recreate this environment:

      • Pour the soil mixture into 10 cm flower pots. Place the seeds on the surface of the soil, one per pot, and place a glass jar upside down over each pot.
      • Or line the bottom of a shallow clay tray with prepared soil mixture. Scatter the seeds evenly over it and cover the tray with a flat sheet of glass or plastic, leaving an air gap between the sheet and the soil.

   6. Lightly moisten the soil mixture. Wet the potting mixture a little, then cover with a clear barrier as above to preserve environment wet. Keeping the mossy mixture moist can also help prevent the seed from sinking below the surface, which could prevent it from germinating.

      • If tap water your area is hard, use bottled water.

   7. Keep it in a warm room, away from direct sunlight. Keep the soil mixture at about 27°C, in an area with indirect sun or partial shade. Within approximately 20-30 days, the seeds should germinate and produce their first roots and leaves, after which they can be moved to larger containers and cared for as described below.

      • Move the young plant carefully as the roots may be fragile. Ideally, use a scoop to scoop up the mossy material surrounding the plant and carefully place it on the new pot after preparing it as described below.
   • Anthuriums are susceptible to common pests such as mites and aphids, but gently wiping them off the leaves with a wet towel is often enough to get them clean after a few treatments. For more serious infections, contact your local botanist or garden expert.

   Warnings

   • Keep all anthuriums out of the reach of pets and small children. Contact your veterinarian or doctor if you suspect that an animal or child has tried anthurium.
   • All parts of anthurium are moderately toxic to all types of anthurium. Ingestion, and even skin contact of some species, may cause irritation, soreness or pain, but medical attention is not required unless large amounts are ingested or swallowing or breathing is impaired.
   • Do not try to grow anthurium in a container of water, as some online guides mistakenly recommend.

Those who love exotic houseplants will definitely pay attention to the original, very beautiful indoor flower anthurium - anthurium. This plant is very attractive, and during the flowering period it looks simply stunning. How to care for anthurium, what are the care recommendations and what does this flower like and what can’t stand it?

Peculiarities

IN wildlife there are about 800 species of this amazing plant. But in home floriculture, only 25 species of anthurium are grown, and even then, you can find the entire range of varieties in flower shops pretty hard.

Very often, anthuriums are grown as a garden plant and for open ground About 70 original varieties have been bred. Main characteristic Anthurium - these are large, very decorative leaves, which in shape echo the shape of the flowers. White, red, blue and even black varieties of the flower have been bred. The peduncle of the plant somewhat resembles an ear of corn and is framed by a beautiful petal sail. This is how all plants of the extensive aroid family bloom. Despite all its exoticism, anthurium can be classified as an easy-to-grow plant.

Description of varieties

Anthurium at home is original decoration interior, especially during the period when the plant blooms. It is very easy to grow anthurium at home, especially since the varieties bred for home floriculture are extremely unpretentious.

1. The most common variety in indoor floriculture is "Andre", which has large glossy leaves up to 35 cm long. The inflorescences of the variety can be colored from snow-white to bright yellow.
2. The Scherzer variety can be recognized by dark leaves correct oval shape which are covered with black dots. The original inflorescences of the variety can reach a length of up to 50 cm. In the Scherzer variety, the flower cover is colored red or orange colors. The plant itself is quite compact, and usually does not grow more than 40 cm in height. Indoor flowers of this variety of anthurium are in great demand.
3. Linden variety is available for free sale, with pink flowers, very difficult to find. Typically, this variety is used by breeders to develop new varieties. Pink anthurium is a very rare flower.
4. Crystal Anthurium leaves have a silvery appearance. This variety is classified as an ornamental deciduous variety, and it has been grown in cultivation relatively recently. The leaves of the variety reach 40 cm in length and the flowers are practically invisible behind them.
5. Anthurium Majestic boasts original leaves with yellow or white veins. The shape of the leaves of the Majestic variety resembles a drop.

Many hybrids have also been developed that are unpretentious and easy to grow. Hybrid varieties are compact, often used to compose flower arrangements, for creating even wedding bouquets.

Many gardeners are wondering how to grow this stunning flower, how to care for anthurium so that the plant blooms magnificently and delights with lush foliage? Know that if you properly care for anthurium, then at home it will always delight everyone with its lush flowering. To ensure that growing anthurium brings only joy and the plant does not get sick, several nuances should be taken into account.

Location and lighting mode

Anthurium flowers love light, but this indoor plant prefers bright, diffused lighting. That's why the best place for a flower pot - this is the north window. You can also place pots on stands close to windows, but so that they do not fall on them. sunlight. If you place the pot on a window, it is better to shade the flower a little from the sun by gluing white paper to the glass.

An excellent place for anthurium is a western and eastern window. You should not place the flower in a too dark corner, where there is little light or only artificial light. The flower will not develop properly even in sunlight.

Temperature

To successfully grow anthurium at home, air temperature is extremely important. One of the main conditions lush flowering anthurium is a correctly adjusted temperature regime. If the air temperature is too high or low, the plant may even die.

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The most important thing is to try to avoid sudden changes in temperature, as drafts can harm the flower. These indoor flowers They are thermophilic. Optimal temperature for them it should be in the range from +20 to +28 degrees. At temperatures below +16 degrees, anthurium can get sick. It is optimal if in the autumn winter period the air temperature in the room will be about 17-18 degrees, and in spring and summer 24-26 degrees Celsius.

Watering

How to water an anthurium at home so that the roots do not rot and the leaves are juicy and fresh? These plants are very popular high humidity, therefore, watering the anthurium must be regular and quite abundant. In addition, during watering, you should also moisten the foliage so that it is fresh and juicy.

Under no circumstances should the soil in the pot be allowed to dry out, as dry soil can cause the death of the plant. In the hot summer months, the pots can be placed in a tray with water or coarse wet sand. When spraying leaves, you should try not to get it on the flowers, as moisture can cause unsightly spots to form on them, spoiling the decorative appearance of the plant.

Anthurium is a flower that loves to be watered with warm, well-settled or boiled water. Anthurium is a very moisture-loving plant, but you shouldn’t be too zealous with watering, because the roots can rot. The water that will flow into the pan after watering must be drained. This rule applies especially to the autumn-winter period, when the plant does not need moisture as much. In winter, watering is reduced, and in spring, with the arrival of warm sunny days, it is increased. There must be adjustment of watering depending on the time of year.

Soil mixture and fertilizing

It is necessary to feed the flower during the period when it begins to actively grow - in spring and summer. Fertilizer is applied every two weeks. Very important nuance– for anthurium mineral supplements It must be diluted with water twice as strong as stated in the instructions. If the plant looks weakened, then you can combine foliar feeding with the main ones. Some gardeners add organic matter to flower pots. In this case, it is better to feed the anthurium with chicken droppings.

As for the soil mixture, the flower prefers loose soil with good drainage. The soil should allow water and air to pass well to the very bottom of the pot. Anthurium are indoor plants that will grow well in a mixture made up of deciduous soil, coarse sand and peat, taken in equal parts. You can add a little crushed charcoal and crushed coniferous tree bark to the soil.

Reproduction methods

You can grow a flower from seeds or propagate it vegetatively.

Read also: Features of caring for amaryllis at home

Seed method

This method is mainly used by breeders, as it allows them to obtain new plant hybrids. Growing anthurium from seeds is a very long, expensive and labor-intensive method of propagation.

But still, how to grow anthurium from seeds? You can easily find seeds in specialized stores, or you can collect your own. In this case, you will have to cross-pollinate the flowers using a cotton swab. Only 9-12 months after pollination will the seeds ripen. You can tell that the seeds are ripe by a change in the color of the berries and by the greening of the cover. Sow the seeds immediately after collection, as they lose their viability very quickly.

Before sowing, the seeds should be treated with a fungicide, and then sown in light and nutritious soil in small boxes. Planted seeds must be constantly sprayed to keep the soil moist. For better germination, the boxes are covered with glass. By the end of the second week, shoots should appear.

Already in the phase of the first true leaf, the grown sprout must be planted in a separate pot. The soil should be a mixture of deciduous soil with the addition of crushed charcoal and peat. It is good to add crushed pine bark to the soil mixture. Young plants are kept at high humidity and in a warm room, the air temperature in which is not lower than 22 degrees Celsius. But such plants will bloom only in the second or third year of life, and with very small flowers.

It is important to know that anthuriums from seeds may lose varietal characteristics. The flower will begin to bloom fully only in the fourth or fifth year of life.

Reproduction is vegetative

When replanting a plant, you can divide the bush into several divisions. The cuttings are very easily separated along with the roots from the mother plant, and they can immediately be planted in a separate pot. If there are no roots on the cuttings, they can be rooted in perlite or wet sand. In this case, young plants are placed in a greenhouse, where they will quickly take root in conditions of high humidity. Breeding anthuriums is a very rewarding and exciting work, because the plants give thanks for their amazing beauty with flowering.

Transfer

As the anthurium grows, it must be replanted. Usually this procedure is carried out every year if the plants are young. Already mature bushes need to be transferred to a larger pot every three years.

Typically, transplantation is carried out during the period of active plant growth, which occurs in February-August. Do not forget that anthurium reacts very poorly to excess moisture and therefore good drainage should be provided at the bottom of new pots. Each new pot must be more spacious. The roots of the plant are quite fragile, and therefore it must be replanted very carefully. Anthurium grows well in plastic pots, in which it is easier to regulate the balance of humidity and temperature and so easier to care for.

If you buy a flowering anthurium, you can replant it only after it has completely faded.

Flowering conditions

But the main thing in caring for a flower is to achieve its lush and long-lasting flowering. Anthuriums, which are, in principle, not difficult to care for at home, bloom beautifully under favorable conditions. How to properly care for anthurium so that it blooms?

• If the flower does not bloom, perhaps the dormant period was not observed correctly. During the dormant period, new flower buds are formed. Therefore, it is better to place the pots in a slightly cool place and reduce watering.
• In autumn and winter there is no need to feed the plants, otherwise they may not bloom due to an excess of nutrients.
• If the plants don't have enough natural light, especially in winter, they may not bloom. The lack of natural light can be compensated with lamps.
• In an incorrectly sized pot, anthurium may bloom poorly, or even not bloom at all. Do not transplant the plant into a larger pot until the roots completely fill the soil ball. If the pot is too large, the plant should be transplanted into a smaller container.
• If an anthurium grows in the same soil for too long, it may not have enough nutrients to produce buds. The substrate in pots should be updated annually.
• At low temperatures, the plant may also not bloom. After a period of rest, the air temperature in the room is gradually increased, starting in February.
• During the flowering period, caring for anthurium at home consists, first of all, of removing faded buds, which helps prolong flowering.

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More often than not, all anthuriums, when kept indoors, die due to lack of proper care. Excessive waterlogging, too low temperature can cause various rots of stems and roots caused by fungi.

Problems and illnesses:

1. The most common type of indoor anthurium is anthracosis, a disease that can be identified by brown spots on foliage and stems. As the disease progresses, the foliage and stems turn brown and then dry out completely, and the entire above-ground part of the flower dies. At the very beginning of the disease, you can simply remove the diseased parts of the plant, and spray the remaining leaves with fungicides, for example, Acrobat or Oksikhom.
2. The next "scourge" indoor anthuriums- this is white rot. When white rot appears on the lower leaves, a characteristic white coating. The plant becomes infected with this fungus through the root system, and the disease develops very quickly, especially at low air temperatures and high humidity. Sick plants should be treated with fungicides.
3. Frequent uninvited guests of anthurium - spider mites and scale insects, as well as thrips. To combat insect pests, acaricides should be used, for example, Akarin, Apollo, Actellik. Insecticides such as Admiral, Aktara and Confidor also help fight insects.
4. Very often, the root system of anthuriums rots. If the bush falls, the leaves become limp and covered with spots, which means that intensive rotting of the roots has begun. If the process has gone far, then save sick plant it won't be possible anymore. But if there are healthy parts left on the bush, they must be cut off, treated with fungicides and placed in a greenhouse for rooting.
5. If the tips of the leaves on the bushes begin to darken, this may indicate that the plants are watered with too hard water. It is better to use filtered water or already boiled water for irrigation.
6. It happens that the lower leaves of the anthurium become brownish. This indicates that the plant is over-fertilized. In this case, the bush is transplanted into fresh soil and feeding is stopped for a month.
7. If a flower pot is placed in a draft or exposed to sunlight, its leaves may begin to curl.

Growing anthurium and caring for it at home is very exciting activity. Anthurium is a very decorative plant; it will add new colors to the familiar interior of the house. By carefully monitoring the flower and following the care instructions on time, you can easily achieve lush and long-lasting flowering of anthurium.