What is the cheapest way to build a house? How to build a house inexpensively - reasonable savings at every stage of construction. What is the fastest way to build?

Increasingly, there are country houses for holidays, comparable in level of comfort to houses for permanent residence. This is no longer a summer house, but rather a lightweight version of a cottage. A winter cottage, along with the advantages of a permanent house, requires a more economical approach to design, the selection of building materials and engineering equipment, as well as further maintenance costs.

Subtleties of design

Large areas of glazing and an abundance of open space in the architectural appearance of the house are attractive, but terraces, verandas, balconies and loggias cause many problems if the planning is not correct. Specialists from construction companies recommend that when constructing them, take into account the location of the future winter cottage.

In garden communities or holiday villages, which rapidly empty out in the fall, the issue of property safety is relevant - in contrast to guarded cottage villages. Here, safety may be more important than beauty: panoramic windows, on which it is difficult to install protective blinds or shutters, will have to be sacrificed. In addition, large areas of balconies and terraces do not retain heat in the house, which means they will increase heating costs.

Structure internal space depends on how often you visit your dacha in winter.

There are two options:

• Automatic maintenance of a slight positive temperature for heating season with an emphasis on effective heat conservation;
• Preservation of the house with shutdown of everyone utility networks. In this case, the decisive role is played by the layout and use of materials that allow you to quickly heat the room.

In any case, it is necessary to take care of constructing a vestibule at the entrance to preserve heat. Utility rooms may occupy smaller areas, and some, such as storage rooms, can be completely abandoned.

Foundation

You won’t be able to save money here even if you live seasonally: the type of foundation depends on the condition of the soil on the site and the choice of building material for the enclosing structures. Massive walls require more foundation costs. For light frame and timber buildings, a shallow one is suitable strip foundation or screw piles.

Engineering systems

• The heating system in a country house remains the most important. A simple “country” scheme - a stove or fireplace with support electric convectors- suitable only for small wooden buildings, finished with clapboard, cladding boards, plywood;
• When heating an inexpensive country house, it is convenient to use wall-mounted gas and diesel boilers. They are compact, they can be hung in the kitchen with the exhaust of combustion products through the wall (saving on the cost of the chimney);
• For a house that is not heated in winter, the simplest water supply and sewerage systems are suitable, from which water can be easily removed. An alternative to expensive local wastewater treatment plants (LTPs) in such a house will be waterless and composting dry closets installed in the toilet room itself.
• A septic tank with a biofilter is suitable for those whose plot is located on well-filtering soils with a low level of groundwater. In other conditions, it is better to install VOC.

Wall to wall

Stone houses distinguished by thoroughness. Adherents of building “to last” choose between different types of bricks and concrete blocks. In both cases, save on quantity wall material It’s irrational, so a winter cottage in terms of investments will not differ from a house for permanent residence. But the differences between brickwork and cellular concrete are significant, not only in price (brick is more expensive), but also in properties. Due to their porous structure, lightweight blocks are close to wood, have low thermal conductivity and good breathability. A common drawback of stone buildings is that the walls take a long time to warm up if there are occupancies in the house, so the heating system must automatically maintain a constant temperature.

Frame technology construction of a house successfully competes with others in price, and significantly surpasses them in speed of construction. It’s not for nothing that the term “prefabricated” is attached to frame houses: on average civil works it takes 1-2 months. The record holders are highly prefabricated houses: their installation on site takes a matter of days. Wherein frame houses are striking in their diversity: the same project, depending on the external decoration, can look like brick or like wooden house. The thickness of the insulation in the walls for a winter cottage is chosen as an intermediate option between summer house and permanent structure: 15 cm.

timber gives more options to choose from optimal design and the cost of the house. Walls made of ordinary or profiled timber require subsequent insulation and various methods of external finishing - from lining to brick cladding. You can find your ideal, for example, by varying the thickness of the insulation layer (from 5 to 20 cm) and the timber itself (from 10 to 15 cm). Peculiarity wooden house construction- a long, about a year, break between the construction of the log house and the start of finishing (the house shrinks). The elite laminated timber stands apart, the beauty of the walls made of which, like logs, is not hidden behind external finishing. The material does not warp, wall shrinkage is minimal. Finishing begins immediately after installing the box. The cost will be high - due to the labor intensity of production.

Log walls manual cutting still attract connoisseurs traditional methods construction. The strict geometry of rounded log pipes also finds its admirers. Both types of houses are comparable in cost, largely dependent on the thickness of the walls. Considering that such buildings are usually not insulated or sheathed, trying to preserve their natural appearance, the diameter of the logs should be the same as that of the house for year-round residence: not less than 22 cm.

If all the pros and cons have been weighed, but the building material has not been chosen, pay attention to the generally reconciling project of a combined house, where the strength and durability of stone are combined with the warmth and environmental friendliness of wood.

Roof

Type roofing does not depend on the frequency of stay in the house: its choice is based on the personal preferences and financial capabilities of the future owners. And here roof structure winter dacha can be simplified: without serious insulation of the roof, if in winter it is planned to heat only the first floor. In this case, thermal insulation of the interfloor ceiling is required.

Interior decoration

Choice finishing materials noticeably narrows when it comes to country houses. The most stringent restrictions are imposed on finishing in unheated rooms, because not every material can withstand sudden changes in temperature and humidity.

For walls in wooden houses, unpretentious lining and its varieties that imitate log or timber frames are most often used. In frame and stone buildings, the walls and ceiling are plastered or lined with plasterboard for finishing - painting, textured plaster or, less often, wallpapering, which is quite sensitive to changes in humidity.

Most coverings are suitable for flooring, excluding the capricious parquet. Classic wooden boards, not very durable but affordable linoleum, carpet and waterproof laminate adequately withstand not the most comfortable conditions.

Construction country house takes a lot of effort, energy and time, so you need to think everything through and choose the best option. Dachas can be built from various materials, so you just need to make a choice.

The main advantage of all houses built from timber is their environmental friendliness. This material allows air to pass through well and reliably retains heat, so they have a very pleasant microclimate for humans.

Houses made from timber look very stylish, modern and beautiful, but we must not forget that the construction of a summer house should only be carried out by real professionals who will carry out all the work efficiently.

For the construction of dachas from laminated timber, they are most often used conifers trees:

• larch;
• cedar;
• pine;
• fir

Every year, frame houses that have good specifications. Inside such houses, the internal climate is the same as in wooden ones. They are very warm in winter, and in the summer they are cozy and cool.

Frame houses are energy efficient, comfortable and environmentally friendly. It is pleasant to live and spend time in them.

When constructing frame houses, much less building materials are used, because the weight of such a structure is much less than that of cottages built from reinforced concrete, brick or logs. Such buildings can be erected in areas where the soil is very weak. In addition, by choosing such material for your dacha, you can make all your fantasies and dreams of a cozy house come true.

Dachas built from rounded logs have the same advantages as houses built from beams. The rounded shape of the logs makes it possible to tightly and reliably connect them together. The locks and necessary grooves in the rounded log are calculated very precisely, so the gaps are very small, and the logs are connected at any angle.

Dachas made from logs have good energy-saving, heat-insulating and environmental characteristics, so many people choose this type of building for themselves.

Today, in any village and town you can most often see brick houses, which are passed on by inheritance. They are very cozy, warm, comfortable. Brick houses have many advantages:

• durability;
• strength;
• low susceptibility to atmospheric influences;
• fire protection.

Dachas made of foam blocks

Foam blocks are a modern, environmentally friendly and reliable material that makes it possible to build the most different sizes. Foam blocks, compared to other materials, have much better thermal insulation and sound insulation characteristics.

Dachas made of foam blocks can be built very quickly, but you just need to take into account the technological recommendations for their use in order to extend the life of the houses.

To build a monolithic, one-story house it takes much less time than to build brick dacha. With this simple but quality material you can create a building of any shape and realize all your architectural fantasies. Internal layout The construction of a monolithic frame house is very free, so you can choose an open plan and build houses on any soil.

When it comes to talking about a country house or garden house, and the main priorities are price and speed of construction, this usually means that you need to choose which is better - a turnkey log house or a frame-panel house.

Why not brick or, say, cinder block? For several reasons.

Firstly, taking into account all the materials, a house made of blocks or bricks will definitely be more expensive.

Secondly, the work on its construction requires more qualifications, and, accordingly, will cost more.

Thirdly, a brick house is definitely inferior to a wooden one in terms of its ability to retain heat. It would seem that if the house is used only in the summer, there will be no problems. But the fact is that the ability to retain heat works at any time of the year, and, so to speak, “in both directions.” That is, in a brick house standard thickness(one brick) it will be hot in summer. And do in garden house walls are thicker - this is no longer economically feasible.

Fourthly, the weight and design of the walls matter. After all, the type of foundation depends on these parameters. Houses made of timber and frame houses can be placed on a pile foundation. There is currently no simpler, cheaper or faster option to manufacture. Usage screw piles for houses made of brick, cinder block or foam block, in principle, it is possible, but the complexity of the work increases. As always, along with its cost.

Fifthly, when we talk about a garden or country house, we almost always mean a house for seasonal residence. That is, in winter it is not heated or heated irregularly. Brick houses do not tolerate this mode of operation well. This does not mean that the house will necessarily fall apart after the first winter (although this has happened), but its strength will deteriorate, and you should forget about the service life declared for the material.

Frame houses, houses and bathhouses made of timber take this completely calmly, provided that their construction was carried out in strict accordance with technology. In particular, when building from timber natural humidity dowels were used, or the building was erected from dried material.

With brick houses, everything is more or less clear, but the choice between a timber and frame-panel house causes certain difficulties.

Here you should be guided by the following considerations: in terms of speed of construction, “frameworks” certainly win. But in terms of durability, timber is the leader. The lifespan of a frame house is limited, first of all, by the effective service life of the insulation. And for most materials used today it does not exceed 50 years.

As for timber house, then, as for most wooden buildings, its service life can easily be 100 years or more. True, only with regular and proper care.

Perhaps in every industry one hears only: new technologies... However, not many solutions, especially innovative ones, are offered by the construction market for small country houses. At least in our region, where, due to climatic conditions, a straw house will not last long. Although we did find a couple of non-standard options. Let's figure out what materials experts recommend and why.

What to build a country house from?

timber

Classics of the genre. A tree is a tree, the smell alone is worth it! This is a relatively inexpensive and lightweight material; therefore, a powerful foundation is not needed, it is easy to assemble and not as expensive to lay as stone, but for self-construction it is an order of magnitude more difficult than a frame one. But it has an excellent microclimate.

It is for dachas that laminated veneer lumber of small thickness is now often offered - less than 150 mm. What's good about it? Glued laminated timber itself is quite beautiful and does not require any external finishing, except for treatment with a protective and decorative composition. And the small thickness provides significant cost savings and simplifies assembly.

Of the minuses: the house will be cold, in winter it will take a lot of energy to heat it. Builders say that a house made of timber with a thickness of at least 400 mm will be energy-saving. And this already increases the cost of a country house based on materials.

The most significant disadvantage of wood is its fire hazard. In addition, wooden houses require periodic treatment with antiseptics to protect them from the destructive effects of moisture and microorganisms.

Frame or sandwich panels

A timber frame house is considered the fastest and most inexpensive. Especially suitable for those who plan to live there only in the summer. It can be built in a few weeks. Wall structures made lighter by using modern insulation materials, do not require a powerful foundation. The multi-layer construction of walls, floors and interfloor ceilings allows you to hide engineering Communication. Such houses have high fire resistance and good sound insulation.

The disadvantages of sandwich panels include the short service life of the cladding (up to 50 years), the need for periodic treatment of the frame (from rotting, fungus or corrosion), poor ventilation and the inability of the walls to withstand additional load.

Concrete

Modern building materials - aerated concrete, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete and polystyrene concrete. All of the listed materials are blocks and differ from each other in size, density, weight, frost resistance, vapor permeability, and strength.

They are highly fire resistant and can survive a fire. In addition, such projects are diverse architectural forms and wall finishing options. Among the disadvantages of concrete houses are the significant cost of construction and increased thermal conductivity. You need to live in them permanently or install an automatic temperature control system.

Construction country houses made of foam blocks, which are not as spacious as cottages intended for permanent residence, provides an opportunity to further save money by installing simpler and cheaper floors, seismic belts and lintels.

Brick

Brick itself is one of the most expensive building materials. And the masonry is expensive (skilled workers are needed), and the foundation needs to be good and, accordingly, expensive.

The load-bearing walls of brick country houses are made, as a rule, of small thickness (one and a half to two bricks) and are insulated from the outside (pasted with sheets of expanded polystyrene and then covered with facing bricks or plastering, or insulated mineral wool according to the “ventilated facade” method). The method with brick lining is more expensive, with plaster or other finishing on a “ventilated facade” - more economical. There are additional ways to save money, such as installing wooden floors instead of reinforced concrete ones. Thus, the price range for the construction of brick country houses turns out to be extremely wide.

The advantage of bricks over wooden log house- the possibility of constructing walls of any configuration with niches and projections. Plus the notorious fire safety.

Earth

You can, of course, dig a dugout and arrange it. Or you can take an example from a very serious European technology called Earthbag building.

The material for such a construction project is literally lying under your feet, the main thing is that the soil is suitable for humidity parameters. Earthbags are bags of earth, from which houses are assembled in a very simple way. Damp soil fills bags or fabric pipes made of non-rotting material, for example, propylene. If the soil is too dry, moisten it slightly. The bags are then laid in rows and compacted. The layers are laid with ordinary barbed wire, which in this case performs a reinforcing function - like cement in masonry.

Anything more or less suitable, including legs, can act as a tamping tool. The houses turn out to be domed; it is extremely difficult to build a straight wall this way. Due to the stability of the earthen structure, such houses are especially relevant in flood-prone areas. In addition, such a house can be built from scratch in a week by three people who know nothing about construction.

In accordance with the Earthbag building technology, the most durable are domed houses, reminiscent of children's sand cakes. This form is stable and does not require additional efforts to strengthen it, however, if desired, an earthen house can be “lined” with clay. It will look prettier that way.

By the way, a scientist built a house from the materials underfoot in Tyumen back in 2013. This is a dugout made from oil waste, namely drill cuttings. The advantages of this unusual building material are lightness, practicality and low cost. It is unknown whether the experience had a continuation or successors.

Containers

Homes made from shipping containers are popular abroad. They are environmentally friendly and, again, inexpensive, because they are actually built from garbage. Such a house can be built on a foundation, or it can be made mobile. In principle, it also applies to former train carriages or cabins that have served in the fields.

The external beauty of the future building will depend only on the mood and imagination of the author. Like cubes, “boxes” can be stacked in arbitrary variations and patterns. The outer side of the building is treated with a composition that protects the base from corrosion. Then the walls are sheathed with thermal insulation and the design of the selected finish is completed. finishing. These houses are durable, which is why they are valued.

Bottles

What will never be in short supply are bottles. Glass and plastic, transparent and darkened, from wine or beer, mineral water and sweet soda - all this can be a material for construction residential buildings. This is international experience.

However, you can see such a structure in the suburb of Tyumen - the village of Zubarevo. The owner of the house built the house himself. I collected building materials in a trash can. The walls of the house were partially built from bottles. Bottles filled with cement are also used in the fence.

BOO

For construction country house You don’t have to buy expensive building materials, but just get by with used ones. Some of these materials are not inferior in quality to new ones. So, when building a foundation, you can use used railway sleepers, reinforced concrete sleepers or foundation blocks as rigidity. To build walls, you can purchase bricks or cinder blocks from dismantled house construction.

If you are building a house according to finished project, the amount of material you will need will already be calculated. If the project is yours, you will have to do the calculations yourself. Our advice is to take any material with a reserve.

The process of construction from this type of timber is characterized by efficiency. This is facilitated by the ideal shape of the material, the long edges of which have special grooves. They allow the beams to be perfectly stacked on top of each other without any adjustment. At the same time, glued lumber does not shrink. This all eliminates the formation of gaps between the beams. Therefore, when the owner of a garden plot is interested in how much it will cost to build a summer house, he needs to turn his attention first of all to laminated veneer lumber. This material will make it possible to construct the planned structure in a minimum period.

Conclusion

On a summer cottage, it is best to build a house from lightweight building materials. This will reduce construction time and reduce the costs of performing such work, since there is no need to involve lifting equipment, special equipment and tools in the processes. Moreover, laminated veneer lumber, which is a lightweight material, can be stored both in a separate designated area and on already installed load-bearing structures of the future home without any harm to them. It’s better to immediately turn to professionals who will carry out turnkey design and construction work. This is especially true for small summer cottages, which are widespread throughout the country.

Let's try to roughly compare how much the same building will cost us if it is built from different materials, as well as evaluate the pros and cons of each option.

Let's count

Let's imagine, for example, that we are going to build a standard one-story country house without a basement, with a residential attic, measuring 8 by 10 meters along the outer walls. The construction will be carried out by a construction company, and our site is accessible to transport and located near a large settlement. The price includes: monolithic (slab) reinforced concrete foundation with internal partitions, wooden interfloor ceilings, metal-plastic windows, doors, metal roofing with gutters, engineering systems, external finishing of the facade with siding (if necessary) and complete interior finishing of economy class. The price does not include: preparatory earthworks, installation of drainage and water disposal, equipping the house with a water supply and heating system, soil insulation, construction of a bathhouse (sauna), terraces and verandas, installation of local treatment facilities, purchasing furniture. This increases the real costs of building a house by 300,000-1,500,000 rubles. Some types of homes have other additional costs (see infographic).

Click to enlarge. Infographics: Ekaterina Kuznetsova

What to save on

Remember it's better to build quickly small house, But High Quality from durable materials, with full finishing and necessary equipment, rather than living for years waiting for the completion of the “palace” construction. Rational: build a house of modest size and number of storeys, without architectural frills, excessive technical equipment and unnecessary country life elements (garages, basements, etc.). In addition, some of the work can be done in stages. It is unreasonable: to save on the project, carry out construction on your own or with the involvement of unqualified builders. Errors can entail significant costs to correct them or even lead to the inability to operate the home.

Clarification

Every person wants to build their own own house , but even if there is a plot of land or the opportunity to purchase it relatively inexpensively, many consider this a pipe dream. But in vain!

Construction of a 3-room individual residential building on a turnkey basis for little money- it's real!!!

So, how is it possible build the cheapest house?

The cost of building a residential building is influenced by three main indicators:

Architectural and planning solution.

The layout of the house should be compact, functional, modern and as comfortable as possible. (Save up to 20%)

Constructive solution.

The constructive solution should be simple, rational and without architectural frills. (Save up to 10%)

Material used and work.

Construction materials must be modern, and work must be high-tech. (Save up to 40%)

Project of the cheapest residential building with an increase to 6 rooms.

We propose to consider together a residential building project that will help solve the main problem - it will significantly reduce its cost during construction.

A simple design solution using modern construction technologies, allows you to do a significant amount of work yourself. As they say: “It’s not the gods who burn the pots,” but even when hired workers are used, the house in question is built by a team of 2 people, which slightly increases its cost.

All of the above reduces the cost of building a house by almost half.

In addition, over time, if desired, such a house can be transformed (increased) to 4, 5 or 6 rooms, without disturbing the main functional planning solutions.

The cost of building a house directly depends on the total area, so despite the small size of the house (6 x 9 m), it contains three living rooms, and the area of ​​the living room (in which we spend most of the time) is 25.75 sq.m.

Let's look at the process of building the cheapest house in more detail.

Architectural and planning solution

The main principle of planning decisions for all residential buildings is based on the minimum ratio of the total area to the useful one, while the layout must be modern and convenient for living, in other words, the maximum amenities must be extracted from the total area.

The total area of ​​this 3 room house is only 54 sq.m.! However effective area which includes all living rooms, kitchen, bathroom, hallway is 52 m/sq.m. or 96.3% of the total area, whereas in ordinary houses and apartments this figure fluctuates around 70%.

Yes, in this house the vestibule is combined with the hallway, but... he's warm, it's acceptable for anyone climate zone Russia.

There is not a single storage room in the house, but personal plot Over time, you will have a garage, utility room. building or sauna, which will fill this gap.

A combined bathroom for apartments is undesirable, however, in a private house it is possible, because... at household buildings you will also have a bathroom

The project of such a residential building is discussed in more detail in this article. There you can also download for free the project of a residential building, or rather its planning and architectural solutions.

Constructive solution

A simple design solution for the house allows you to further reduce construction costs.

1. The net width of the house is 6 m - which is quite normal for the ceiling and does not require the construction of an additional main wall (respectively, the foundation and plinth).
2. The planning solution of the combined living room according to generally accepted traditional world standards (in Rus' it was an upper room) allows saving on the absence of partitions and doors between the kitchen, dining room and living room.
3. The width of the walls of the house is 30 cm (heat resistance, depending on the climate zone, is adjusted when facing with “siding” thickness additional insulation), accordingly, the width of the base is reduced to 25 cm, i.e., a brick.
4. All the partitions in the house are plasterboard, which does not require additional foundations, and they are made using simplified technology (more details in the detailed design).
5. The roof is gable, without architectural and structural excesses.

Appearance itself cheap house- option No. 1

Exterior view of the cheapest house with the option of transformation (increasing the area)

Exterior view of the cheapest house - option No. 2

Exterior view of the cheapest house with transformation option - option No. 2

Work and building materials

Everyone knows that the “lion’s share” of the cost of building a house is the cost of work (approximately 50%), so it is necessary to use modern high-tech materials. Why?

This will allow you to perform almost 90% of the work yourself (since all new technologies are designed for the average person) and save a significant portion of money.

Moreover, you can spend money (on building materials) as it arrives. But if they are available or you managed to take out a loan, then you can build this house yourself (you and an assistant).

Of course, when performing some types of work you cannot do without specialists, but as already mentioned, this will be approximately 10%.

Basic building materials and their cost (Russian average)

1. Foundations - monolithic reinforced concrete - 35,000 rub.
2. Basement and concrete blind area - brickwork of 1 brick (250mm) - 12,000 rub.
3. Walls (300mm) – foam concrete, aerated concrete, gas silicate, etc. – 43,700 rub.
4. External wall cladding – vinyl siding with insulation and lathing - 26520 rub.
5. Roofing and ceiling – wooden trusses coated with metal profiles on the sheathing, insulation, steam and waterproofing, gypsum plasterboard - 54,250 rub.
6. Windows - metal-plastic with installation - 30,100 rubles.
7. Partitions, door blocks and interior finishing - gypsum plasterboard (plasterboard sheets) with sound insulation, wallpapering, plastic panels - 28,500 rub.
8. Floors- concrete preparation, laminate, carpet and ceramic tile– 29430 rub.
9. Water supply and sewerage - plumbing equipment, PVC pipes - 10,000 rub.
10. Heating – wall-mounted double-circuit boiler; plastic pipes for hot water supply and heating, aluminum radiators - 45,500 rub.
11. Electricity supply – 11000 rub.

TOTAL: 315,000 rub. Taking into account unforeseen costs (10% of the total amount), the total cost of construction materials is 347000 R.

IMPORTANT! The above prices for the construction of a residential building were calculated in 2010 and are not relevant today. The information provided will be updated shortly.

Calendar schedule of construction work (team of 2 people)

1. Foundation installation – 3 days
2. Construction of the basement and subfloors – 3 days
3. Masonry of external walls – 5 days
4. Manufacturing, installation of trusses, roofing – 3 days
5. Installation of door and window blocks in external walls – 1 day
6. Siding – 3 days
7. Electrical wiring installation – 1 day
8. Facing load-bearing walls and filing the ceiling with plasterboard sheets – 2 days
9. Installation of partitions – 2 days
10. Puttying joints – 1 day
11. Wallpapering - 2 days
12. Installation of door blocks – 1 day
13. Installation of floors – 3 days
14. Installation of internal engineering networks and installation of plumbing fixtures – 3 days

Total 32 working days.

Taking into account unforeseen work, the construction time is 1.5 months.

Conclusion:

Total: the total cost of building the cheapest house will be equal to 350 rubles.

But even if you use a fully hired workforce, the cost of the house will increase slightly, i.e. exactly one and a half months' salary for 2 workers, which in the end will be much lower than the cost of a similar 3-room apartment.

Make yourself respected - make your dream come true!

IMPORTANT!
This material is posted on the website for informational purposes only.
The design organization is not engaged in the construction of residential buildings.

In principle, each material for building a house has its own undeniable advantages and disadvantages. The abundance of choice complicates the question of which house to build for permanent residence. One thing is for sure: for heavy and light materials, the main thing is skillful hands developer. An error in calculations will come back to haunt you in any case and will come up the next day or 10 years later, when it will be very difficult to correct.

What material to choose, what is better and cheaper to build a house from? Let's carry out short review, as well as materials for their construction.

What are heavy and light materials?

Heavy materials for construction include, as the name suggests, stones, various blocks, bricks, slabs. Houses made of heavy materials also require an appropriate foundation. Most often, a strip type is used, but if the ground is not the best, it can be combined with a pile-screw type.

When it comes to lightweight materials, it means wood, frames. Of course, these are just conventional names for such houses, which does not mean that the house will be really light in the end. For houses made of wood, it is better to choose the best possible one. stand for several hundred years and the foundation should not fail.

For frames you can save a little, simply choosing the pile option. The shelf life of frame wood is up to 100 years, so if the soil allows you to save money, this is quite possible.

Brick is expensive, but lasts forever

As they say, a brick can handle anything: hurricanes, frosts, unbearable heat - the natural mood is changeable.

However, this material can withstand even more.

According to statistics, the “shelf life” brick house reaches 200 years.

Due to the fact that the material has been in use by builders for a very long time, usually there are no problems with hiring craftsmen.

The range of types of bricks also suits every taste:

1. Ceramic bricks are made from clay by molding it and calcining it in special ovens. Possesses high level of strength, refers to environmentally friendly materials for construction. Of course, if it is made with high quality and production standards are met. It can be solid or hollow (up to 50% voids inside). For construction, the second subtype is a priority, since the more voids in the body of the material, the higher its heat-retaining property.
2. Sand-lime brick is made from lime and sand. It is white and looks great, especially the solid variety. Lightweight sand-lime brick - looks very sloppy, but has higher thermal insulation properties.
3. Ordinary and front subtypes of bricks will also find application in the construction of a permanent house. Privates - in internal masonry, facial ones - will decorate the house outside.

Be sure to pay attention to the labeling before ordering a batch of material. It is done in order to know whether masonry made of a particular brick will withstand the weight of the structure and natural phenomena. Usually the material is marked with the letter “M” with two or three numbers. Minimum value strength by square centimeter– 75, maximum – 200.

Important: When constructing a plinth, the minimum strength is 150; during construction two-story house you should purchase batches with strength from M125. The more floors, the heavier the attic, the higher the coefficient should be; accordingly, the brick will be heavier, and the cost per cubic meter of material will be higher.

For construction in Russia, especially in the outback, it is very important to take into account the fact that frosts in winter can become severe. Frost resistance is marked “F”, and the indicator varies from 15 to 100.

For cladding a house in a temperate climate, the F50 marking is used; F25 masonry can be done inside. The higher the marking indicator, the greater the number of times the brick will survive freezing without damage to the structure.

Brief summary and characteristics of the material:

• you will get an expensive house frame and foundation;
• very expensive, presentable appearance final work;
• phenomenal durability;
• precipitation, temperature changes don’t matter;
• excellent fire resistance;
• difficult to display the box;
• quite “dirty” construction, you need a lot of extra space around.

Conclusion: brick construction is a costly and labor-intensive process.

However, all costs, including financial ones, will be more than compensated for in the long life of the building. Properly selected bricks and competent builders extend the life of a house to 100-200 years without changing the original characteristics.

Concrete blocks

The second most popular material for laying out load-bearing walls, compared to brick. Strong material, more advantageous in financially and much easier to build. In summer the house stays cool, in winter it stays warm and cozy, precipitation and other natural phenomena are not dangerous quality concrete block.

Advantages of building with concrete blocks:

1. The first thing I would like to note is the fire resistance of the material. Concrete does not burn, so, unlike building with wood, the house is safe from external fires and will withstand direct fire for several hours.
2. The material tolerates frost well.
3. For those who value good sound insulation in their home, construction from concrete blocks is suitable. Thanks to the structure of the concrete itself, no extraneous noise will be heard in the house.
4. At proper construction, the thermal insulation is quite good. In combination with an external, well-built heating circuit, you can achieve good savings on heating your home.
5. A building made from blocks, like brick, can be used for a long time. On average, without major renovations, a house will last 80-120 years.
6. Concrete blocks do not rot, do not become covered with mold and mildew.
7. The versatility of the material allows you to build residential buildings, garages, and multi-story buildings of any type.

The disadvantages include unpresentable appearance Houses without finishing. Therefore, when calculating the construction budget, the external “marathon” should also be taken into account. In addition, construction should only be done in dry weather and takes a fair amount of time, partly due to the changeable weather. Because of high level groundwater in some areas of the country, waterproofing may be necessary.

What you need to know about concrete blocks?

Concrete blocks come in several types and differ from each other:

• brand (from 50 to 100) - this is an indicator of the strength of the product;
• frost resistance - from 15 to 200.

Strength markings must correspond to the total weight of the building. That is, for a basement - the highest value, for a house with 2 floors - approximately M75 (depending on the size of the attic). Frost resistance, as already discussed, depends on the location of the future building.

Very important for quality construction explore the soil under the house site. To do this, it is better to play it safe and hire specialists, which will also be very expensive. But, if you choose the wrong type of foundation and the building begins to slide, the costs will be even greater. For “turbulent” lands, a monolithic type of foundation is suitable (if the house is not large), as well as pile and strip.

Conclusion: Concrete blocks are only slightly inferior in quality to brick.

However price and ease of construction are more attractive, if you choose between these two materials. Additional costs may be required for waterproofing, as well as external insulation and finishing.

Construction from natural stones

People used natural stones very for a long time. Many old-timers remember the times when construction from this material cost a penny, since the stone was not very valued and was simply mined. Natural stone was especially available in areas close to the mining site.

Now the situation has changed radically and we can afford Construction from sandstones, shell rock, granite, basalt is sometimes more expensive than we would like. Things are more or less good with natural stone construction near the mountains, that is, near the mining site.

Advantages using natural stone for building a house:

• for non-remote areas this material will be inexpensive; the further away from the mining sites, the more expensive high-quality material will cost;
• material is the purest in ecological concept from all heavy building materials;
• the blocks are quite large, so construction will not take longer;
• depending on the deposit, the porosity of the shell rock is different, which means the thermal conductivity changes;
• good sound insulation;
• It survives all weather changes well, does not rot, and does not become covered with bacteria if built correctly.

Like any other material, natural stones have their own flaws:

• heavy: you need a good, expensive foundation and additional costs when constructing the box;
• the different shapes of each block create additional difficulties during joining; more cement will be required;
• very serious waterproofing is required: the material absorbs moisture;
• façade walls made of shell rock are finished according to reinforced mesh, otherwise everything will fly around quickly.

Conclusion: minor difficulties associated with construction more than pay off, due to the fact that the material is environmentally friendly, the house will last a long time.

Having chosen the correct stone in terms of density (all natural stones are also marked), it is possible to equip it with both the base and upper floors. And the cost per cube will depend on the customer’s area of ​​residence.

Construction from thermal panels

Thermal panels or panels from are a relatively new product for construction. If the material for construction is selected based on savings, first of all, then you can take a closer look at this option. Frame thermal panels declare themselves as the most heat-saving material. In addition, building a house from new material is quite fast.

The panel consists of clinker tiles and thermal insulation in the form of polystyrene foam. The main disadvantage of frame thermal panels is that they 100% synthetic material. That is, for connoisseurs of environmentally friendly buildings, the panels will not be suitable under any circumstances. The material does not absorb moisture, is not subject to destruction, withstands compression very well, pressure from all sides, does not burn, and perfectly withstands any natural changes.

Other dignity panels:

• excellent appearance;
• in tandem with thermal panels outside, heat loss is immediately reduced by 30-35%;
• very tight joining of panels, thanks to their precise cutting.

TO shortcomings It has already been said that they are not environmentally friendly. In addition, you can supplement this list with the fact that additional panels of corner shapes are needed to decorate the shape of the house. These building materials have passed all known tests and meet modern requirements.

Conclusion: the use of frame thermal panels is an economical option that provides a very solid appearance to the finished building.

The outside of the house without exterior finishing will look like brickwork. The clinker board is connected to polystyrene foam with a special high-quality construction adhesive under high pressure, which ensures high strength of the final work.

Which house is better?

Wooden houses

The most environmentally friendly type of construction. Forest has long been used for construction. The best trees for building a house - pine, cedar and larch. Coniferous trees are less susceptible to fungal attack, have good performance resistance to weather conditions. Larch material does not rot or rot. Natural resin has bactericidal properties.

Since time immemorial, humanity has built its houses from clean, breathable natural material– wood. A huge number of surviving architectural monuments are built of wood. The durability of such buildings amounts to hundreds of years and is amazing.

Wooden houses made of larch

It’s not for nothing that this wood is called “iron”; those who have dealt with this material know that this wood very dense and heavy. It has an amazing quality for wood - increased fire resistance. Over time, larch only becomes denser; it is the only tree that doesn't rot at all.

In addition, for people with respiratory problems, doctors strongly recommend visiting the larch forest more often. It turns out that living in a house made of this material is three times better for your health. Great house for living with family, children.

Cedar houses

One of the most expensive materials for construction is oak. It is close in density to larch trees and can withstand phenomenal loads. A house built from this material can withstand an earthquake of up to magnitude 7. In addition, cedar has thermal insulation properties, more than other trees.

House made of pine timber

Most popular material in construction, due to the lower cost per cubic meter of material. This material has good thermal insulation and allows you to build a house on 2-3 floors. A properly assembled house will last at least 150 years with timely maintenance and replacement of the lower crowns.

Log house

This construction technology has been developed over centuries and has come to us in its most refined form. The trunk is cleared of bark and dried for a long time under natural conditions.

Professional builders know that material that is dried under a roof or a canopy on the street retains its properties much longer than those dried in the dryers of timber processing enterprises.

Log houses are unique; each house can be completely different from the others. A well-built wooden house retains heat perfectly.

In room always will be healthy microclimate, fresh air. The disadvantages include the cost of construction and its duration.

First, timber is purchased and dried under the flooring for at least 3-4 months, then the box is assembled. The work of the craftsmen also costs a pretty penny. Then the log house (read:) must stand for a year or two, otherwise it will move and cracks will appear. After shrinking, you can do finishing, install water, connect to electricity, install windows, and the like. All this takes a lot of money and time.

How log houses are made:

1. The largest, resinous and thick logs are placed in the first rows - the crown of the log house. Waterproofing must be provided before installation. You can use roofing felt, waterproofing material, etc.
2. In each subsequent log, a longitudinal notch is made for closer contact between the rows of logs. In this way all rows are assembled.
3. After initial shrinkage (about 3 months), the logs are marked, disassembled and reassembled, laying all longitudinal grooves moss, tow or modern materials.
4. After complete shrinkage (1.5 years), the logs are caulked using insulation. Caulking is done only after the roof and windows are ready.
5. Sometimes after 5-7 years, when complete shrinkage occurs, you have to caulk again, as new gaps appear and the heat blows out.

Of course, the above stages are described only in general terms, but this will allow us to better visualize the stages of construction of a log house.

Conclusion: building a log house is a way to show your imagination to the fullest. The design of such a house can be absolutely anything. Wall thickness, lower crown make the building not only warm, but also the most durable from all other wooden buildings.

Construction from rounded logs

Construction from rounded logs is the use of even logs of equal size and diameter, which manufactured industrially. Of course, you can use your golden hands to prepare the material, but, as practice shows, this is a long and labor-intensive task.

After the purchase, according to the construction plan, the customer receives ready-made, impregnated special compounds a log that just needs to be assembled into a log house. The larger the house is planned, the larger the diameter of the log should be. Thanks to high-quality processing, the logs fit together well and each crown “sits” well on the previous one.

The method of building from rounded logs is similar to the chopped method. The advantages of this type of construction can be considered environmental friendliness and beautiful appearance, even without exterior decoration. By the way, it is not at all mandatory for most regions of the country.

Conclusion: ordering and purchasing a rounded log will cost more than purchasing unprocessed wood and stripping the bark, processing and grinding the log yourself. But, in any case, houses are made of such material they look very nice and respectable. The house will be warm, breathable, environmentally friendly.

Frame houses

Another subtype of construction, which is considered very new and tempting for its speed of construction.

A rigid frame is assembled from timber, and the main material is installed between the load-bearing beams.

Less commonly, a frame is made from metal beams, they will be discussed below.

1. Frame-panel. A frame is built from beams, sheathed from the inside and outside slabs made of large chips or others; insulation is laid between the slab material. The main advantage is the speed of construction. Among the shortcomings - the need to use special equipment.
2. SIP panels. These panels consist of insulation (expanded polystyrene) covered on both sides with OSB boards. Walls, ceilings, and floors are built from this material. These panels are smaller than in the case of a frame-panel house, so a crane is not needed and you can build a building with your own hands. Of all the frames, this method is the easiest for novice builders.
3. Frame houses. Compared to others, such a building will cost the least. The frame is assembled from thick boards and placed on a foundation box. You can use laminated veneer lumber rather than boards (half-timbered frame-frame construction method). Ready frame filled with bricks, stones, double-glazed windows, wood.
4. Metal frame houses. The construction principle is similar to the previous ones, with the exception of the frame material. Metal bases are used, in combination with insulated slabs. Such houses are considered lightweight, with a service life of about 80 years (according to the warranty from the manufacturers of such frames, which is not possible to verify). Despite the thermal profile used, heating such a house will definitely cost more money than a wooden “counterpart”.

Conclusion: construction frame method– clean, inexpensive.

In addition, little space is needed; construction can be carried out “from the body”, without unloading panels and material, if the space on the site does not allow or is occupied by plantings. To increase the lifespan of a frame house, it is important to correctly calculate and design the frame itself, take the foundation seriously.

What is the cheapest material to build a permanent house from?

As already noted, a house that will stand for centuries is a priori expensive for its owner at the time of construction. However, for budget construction there is an innovation of recent decades - framers.

The lighter the walls, the cheaper it will cost. If you use inexpensive SIP panels, the price will become even lower. However, many are distrustful of the walls of the house, which can be pierced with a large knife with great force.

Heavy materials are the cheapest for construction made of cellular concrete or thermal panels. Construction will be expensive made of bricks and ceramic blocks. For these buildings, the cost of work will be higher, since the blocks themselves are not easy to lift.

The same conditions will apply to the foundation: the more durable, stronger, the more expensive it will be both in terms of materials and labor costs. Optimal installation for a small house pile foundation, if there is an idea to add a 2nd floor or nice attic– it’s better to play it safe.

What to build a house from on a small plot?

To organize construction from heavy materials, you need a wide area. The site will need to be divided into zones for the foundation, for placing a warehouse with material (minimum - a shed), for mixing concrete. It is also worth thinking about the pile of garbage that will certainly accumulate.

Debris, packaging, empty boxes, defective material and similar work issues. Workers need a place to at least have lunch or take a “smoke break”.

It is worth paying attention to the construction from frame thermal panels. Despite the fact that this material is more heavy, you can build with it directly from the car. In terms of timing, finances and local costs, this is a profitable material.

As for lightweight materials, the work will require a much smaller area. Most of all - for working with timber, log, will take the least frame, especially from SIP panels. If the plot is extremely small, there are already plantings or there is only room for a house, it is better to give preference to wood and frames.

What is the final cost of construction?

When evaluating and comparing materials, the question involuntarily arises: what else, besides the main raw materials, will the money be spent on?

Not every site owner can immediately put on the table in front of the builders the amount that will be required for turnkey construction.

Usually, especially for young families, it is customary to divide the work into parts and build it in stages.

So, the total amount will be the sum of:

• complexity of the shape of the house, its number of storeys (complicating the work of the team);
• internal layout;
• insulation;
• external finishing;
• roofing costs;
• building materials;
• foundation – almost 40% of all costs;
• interior decoration;
• heaviness of the base material;
• additional accessories;
• conducting communications;
• waterproofing;
• installation of a heating system;
• other minor expenses.

The list is quite impressive. Depending on the choice of material, it can either increase or decrease. However, building your own home is a real possibility. way to create really cozy home dreams, which everyone has fantasized about in one way or another.

The abundance of building materials in our time is growing every year. The search for the ideal material will probably continue for hundreds of years. However, in order to build a good-quality house in which it will not be cold, scary or expensive to live in, it is worth turning to materials that have been proven over centuries.

There will always be no competition brick and wood. These are the most reliable, long-lived houses that are inexpensive to operate and are good in terms of environmental friendliness. If the issue is financial, it is better to choose modern methods: frame houses, thermal panels.

Average houses by money investment – from sand blocks, sand cement blocks, concrete blocks etc. Block buildings retain heat well in winter, as they cool down for quite a long time, and in summer the room remains pleasantly cool.