Temperature conditions in industrial premises. Ensuring that the employer provides a healthy microclimate in production and office premises and safe working conditions for employees. Ways for workers to protect their right to work in safe conditions

State system of sanitary and epidemiological
rationing Russian Federation

Federal sanitary rules, norms and hygienic
standards

2.2.4. PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
production premises

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

Ministry of Health of Russia

Moscow 1997

1 . Developed by: Research Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (Afanasyeva R.F., Repin G.N., Mikhailova N.S., Bessonova N.A., Burmistrova O.V., Losik T.K.); Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene named after. F.F. Erisman (Ustyushin B.V.); with the participation of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Sinitsina E.V., Chaschin V.P.); State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of Russia (Lytkin B.G., Kucherenko A.I.).

2 . Approved and put into effect by Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 1, 1996, No. 21.

3 . Introduced to replace the “Sanitary Standards for the Microclimate of Industrial Premises” approved by the USSR Ministry of Health dated March 31, 1986, No. 4088-86.

Law of the RSFSR “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population”

“Sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards (hereinafter referred to as sanitary rules) - regulations, establishing criteria for the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors for humans and requirements for ensuring favorable conditions for their life.

Sanitary rules must be followed by everyone government agencies and public associations, enterprises and other economic entities, organizations and institutions, regardless of their subordination and forms of ownership, officials and citizens” (Article 3).

“A sanitary offense is recognized as an unlawful, guilty (intentional or careless) act (action or inaction) that encroaches on the rights of citizens and the interests of society, associated with non-compliance with the sanitary legislation of the RSFSR, including those in force sanitary rules ¼

Officials and citizens of the RSFSR who commit a sanitary offense may be brought to disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability” (Article 27).

APPROVED

Date of introduction: from the moment of approval

2.2.4 . PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
production premises

Hygienic requirements to occupational microclimate

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

1. General provisions and scope

1.1 . These Sanitary Rules and Standards (hereinafter referred to as the Sanitary Rules) are intended to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate of workplaces and industrial premises on the well-being, functional state, performance and health of a person.

1.2 . These Sanitary Rules apply to microclimate indicators in workplaces of all types of industrial premises and are mandatory for all enterprises and organizations. References to the mandatory compliance with the requirements of these sanitary rules must be included in regulatory and technical documents: standards, building codes and regulations, technical specifications and other regulatory and technical documents regulating performance characteristics production facilities, technological, engineering and sanitary equipment that ensure the provision of hygienic microclimate standards.

1.3 . In accordance with Articles 9 and 34 of the RSFSR Law “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population,” organizations must exercise production control over compliance with the requirements of the Sanitary Rules and carry out preventive measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of diseases in workers production premises, as well as monitoring compliance with working and rest conditions and implementation of measures for collective and individual protection of workers from the adverse effects of the microclimate.

1.4 . Heads of enterprises, organizations and institutions, regardless of their form of ownership and subordination, in order to ensure production control, are obliged to bring workplaces into compliance with the microclimate requirements provided for by these Sanitary Rules.

1.5 . State sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control over the implementation of these Sanitary Rules is carried out by bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation, and departmental sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control is carried out by bodies and institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological profile of the relevant ministries and departments.

1.6 . State sanitary and epidemiological supervision over the construction of new and reconstruction of existing production facilities is carried out at the stages of project development and commissioning of facilities, taking into account the nature technological process and compliance of engineering and sanitary equipment with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules and Building Codes and Rules “Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning”.

1.7 . Project documentation for the construction and reconstruction of production premises must be agreed with the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Russia.

1.8 . The commissioning of production premises in order to assess the compliance of the hygienic parameters of the microclimate with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules must be carried out with the mandatory participation of representatives of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation.

2. Normative references

2.1 . Law of the RSFSR “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population.”

2.2 . Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standards, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 5, 1994, No. 625.

2.3 . Management " General requirements to the construction, presentation and execution of sanitary-hygienic and epidemiological normative and methodological documents" dated February 9, 1994 R 1.1.004-94.

3. Terms and definitions

3.1 . Production premises- closed spaces in specially designed buildings and structures in which people’s labor activities are carried out constantly (in shifts) or periodically (during the working day).

3.2 . Working place- an area of ​​the premises in which labor activity is carried out during a work shift or part of it. A workplace can be several areas of a production facility. If these areas are located throughout the room, then the entire area of ​​the room is considered a workplace.

3.3 . Cold period of the year - period of the year characterized by average daily temperature outside air equal to +10 °C and below.

3.4 . Warm period of the year- a period of the year characterized by an average daily outdoor temperature above +10 °C.

3. 5 . Average daily temperature outdoor air- the average value of outdoor air temperature measured at certain hours of the day at regular intervals. It is taken according to the meteorological service.

3.6 . Demarcation works By categories is carried out on the basis of the intensity of the body’s total energy expenditure in kcal/h (W). Characteristics of individual categories of work ( I a, Ib, II a, II b, III ) is presented in the appendix .

3.7 environment (TNS) - the combined effect on the human body of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air speed, thermal radiation), expressed as a single-digit indicator in °C.

4. General requirements and microclimate indicators

4.1 . Sanitary rules establish hygienic requirements for microclimate indicators of workplaces of industrial premises, taking into account the intensity of energy consumption of workers, time of work, periods of the year and contain requirements for methods of measuring and monitoring microclimatic conditions.

4.2 . Microclimate indicators must ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of a person with the environment and the maintenance of an optimal or acceptable thermal state of the body.

4.3 . Indicators characterizing the microclimate in production premises are:

· air temperature;

· surface temperature*;

· relative air humidity;

· air speed;

· intensity of thermal radiation.

* The temperature of the surfaces of enclosing structures (walls, ceilings, floors), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or enclosing devices is taken into account.

5. Optimal microclimate conditions

5.1 . Optimal microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria of the optimal thermal and functional state of a person. They provide a general and local feeling of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on the thermoregulation mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health, and create the prerequisites for high level performance and are preferred in the workplace.

5.2 . Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators must be observed at workplaces of industrial premises where operator-type work associated with nervous and emotional stress is performed (in cabins, at consoles and control stations for technological processes, in halls computer technology and etc.). The list of other workplaces and types of work in which optimal microclimate values ​​must be ensured is determined by the Sanitary Rules for individual industries and other documents agreed upon with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities in the prescribed manner.

5.3 . The optimal microclimate parameters at workplaces should correspond to the values ​​given in table. , in relation to the performance of work various categories during cold and warm periods of the year.

5.4 . Changes in air temperature in height and horizontally, as well as changes in air temperature during a shift, while ensuring optimal microclimate values ​​in the workplace, should not exceed 2 °C and go beyond the values ​​​​specified in the table. for certain categories of work.

Table 1

Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators in industrial workplaces

*At temperatures air 25 ° WITH And higher maximum quantities relative humidity air must accepted V compliance With requirements P. .

** At temperatures air 26 - 28 ° WITH speed movement air V warm period of the year must accepted V compliance With requirements P. .

6.4 . When ensuring acceptable microclimate values ​​at workplaces:

· The air temperature difference in height should be no more than 3° WITH ;

· horizontal air temperature difference, and its changes during the shift should not exceed:

In this case, the absolute values ​​of air temperature should not go beyond the values ​​​​indicated in the table. for certain categories of work.

Number of measuring sites

From 100 to 400

The number of sections is determined by the distance between them, which should not exceed 10 m.

measurement range

Maximum deviation

Dry bulb air temperature, °C

from -30 to 50

± 0, 2

Wet bulb air temperature, ° WITH

± 0,2

Surface temperature ° WITH

± 0,5

Relative humidity, %

± 5,0

Air speed, m/s

± 0, 05

± 0,1

Thermal irradiation intensity, W/m2

from 10 to 350

± 5,0

± 50,0

7.14 . Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to draw up a protocol, which should reflect general information about the production facility, the placement of technological and sanitary equipment, sources of heat generation, cooling and moisture release, a diagram of the location of areas for measuring microclimate parameters and other data are given.

7.15 . At the conclusion of the protocol, the results of the measurements performed must be assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements.

Annex 1
(informative)

Characteristics of individual categories of work

1 . Categories of work are differentiated based on the intensity of the body's energy expenditure in kcal/h (W).

2. To category I and includes work with an intensity of energy consumption of up to 120 kcal/h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by minor physical stress (a number of professions in precision instrumentation and mechanical engineering enterprises, in watchmaking, clothing production, in the field of management, etc.) .

3. To category I b includes work with an energy intensity of 121 - 150 kcal/h (140 - 174 W), performed while sitting, standing or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communications enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in various types production, etc.).

4 . To category II and includes work with an energy intensity of 151 - 200 kcal/h (175 - 232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly shops machine-building enterprises, in spinning and weaving production, etc.).

5 . To category II b includes work with an energy intensity of 201 - 250 kcal/h (233 - 290 W), associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

6. To category III include work with an energy intensity of more than 250 kcal/h (more than 290 W), associated with constant movement, moving and carrying significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in blacksmith shops with hand forging, foundries with manual filling and pouring of flasks of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Determination of the thermal load index of the environment (TNS index)

1 . The environmental heat load index (THI) is an empirical indicator characterizing the combined effect of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air speed and thermal radiation) on the human body.

2 . The THC index is determined based on the wet-bulb temperature of an aspiration psychrometer ( t ow ) and temperature inside the black ball ( t w).

3 . The temperature inside the blackened ball is measured by a thermometer, the reservoir of which is placed in the center of the blackened hollow ball; t w reflects the influence of air temperature, surface temperature and air speed. The blackened ball must have a diameter of 90 mm, the minimum possible thickness and an absorption coefficient of 0.95. Accuracy of temperature measurement inside the ball± 0.5 °C.

4 . The TNS index is calculated using the equation:

5 . The THC index is recommended to be used for an integral assessment of the thermal load of the environment in workplaces where the air speed does not exceed 0.6 m/s and the intensity of thermal radiation is 1200 W/m2.

6 . The method for measuring and monitoring the THC index is similar to the method for measuring and monitoring air temperature (pp. - of these Sanitary Rules).

7 . The values ​​of the THC index should not go beyond the values ​​recommended in the table. .

Operating time at temperature TThe air level in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values

1 . In order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or cumulatively for a work shift) should be limited to the values ​​​​specified in Table. and table of this application. At the same time, the average shift air temperature at which workers are located during a work shift at workplaces and rest areas should not go beyond the permissible air temperature values ​​for the corresponding categories of work indicated in Table. 1

5, 5

Medium shift air temperature ( t in ) calculated by the formula:

Where

t in1, t in2, … t in n - air temperature (°C) in the relevant areas of the workplace;

τ 1, τ 2, …, τ n - time (hours) for performing work in the relevant areas of the workplace;

8 - duration of the work shift (hours).

Other indicators of the microclimate (relative air humidity, air speed, surface temperature, intensity of thermal radiation) at workplaces must be within the permissible values ​​of these Sanitary Rules.

Bibliographic data

1 . Management R 2.2.4/2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors of production and environment(under approval).

2 SNiP 2.01.01 . "Building climatology and geophysics."

3 . Guidelines“Assessment of a person’s thermal state in order to substantiate hygienic requirements for the microclimate of workplaces and measures to prevent cooling and overheating” No. 5168-90 dated 03/05/90. In: Hygienic principles for preventing the adverse effects of industrial microclimate on the human body. V. 43, M. 1991, p. 192 - 211.

4 . Manual P 2.2.013-94. Occupational hygiene. Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, severity and intensity of the labor process. Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia, M., 1994, 42 p.

5 . GOST 12.1.005-88 “General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area.”

6 . Building regulations. SNiP 2.04.05-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning."

For efficient production of products and comfortable conditions in the workplace, room temperature remains an important aspect, but what is its norm? What losses will he suffer if this condition is not met?

The employer's obligation to ensure temperature standards

Labor legislation regulates the requirements for activities. When complying with these standards, the employer bears responsibility. Such activities also include compliance temperature regime in room. Air temperature affects the productivity of the labor process, and if it is lower or higher than normal, then this is considered a deviation.

The manager is obliged to put this indicator in order and ultimately ensure that the temperature indicator reaches the required level.

For violation of sanitary standards and failure to comply with rules for creating comfortable working conditions, the manager is subject to administrative liability. He may be fined 20,000 rubles, and a ban on the right to engage in this type of activity will be imposed for some time. During downtime, the manager is obliged to pay the employee average earnings, which will entail losses for the organization.

Recording the fact of violation of sanitary conditions is entrusted to the Hygiene Service. Therefore, the best solution would be for the employer to monitor the condition of workplaces during temperature changes, as well as timely response to employee requests.

What is SanPiN

Based on legal requirements, it is the responsibility of employers to ensure safe work in the workplace, this includes maintaining the required temperature. The Sanitary Standards specify all the microclimate indicators in which an employee can work.

Based on these standards or according to production control programs at the enterprise, regulatory authorities take measurements. They can be:

1. Planned, laid down in a pre-developed or agreed schedule.
2. Unscheduled, which are carried out directly to check the condition of the workplace.
3. When conducting a special assessment of working conditions.

The data is reflected in, the latter are drawn up in two copies, one of which is stored by the employer, and the second by the organization that carried out the measurements. Also, the air temperature in the room can be monitored daily using a thermometer, the main thing is that the device is verified in a timely manner and the verification period is not overdue.

Standard temperature indicators are indicated in SanPiN.

About temperature conditions

Temperature conditions and operating time

The temperature regime when it is summer outside, according to the law, must be ensured by the following rules:

• If work time is 8 hours, then no higher than 28 0 C;
• for 5-hour operation the maximum value is 30 C;
• if the work takes 3 hours, then - 31 0 C;
• if you are supposed to be at the workplace for 2 hours, then - 32 C;
• for hourly work - 32.5 0 C.

If the temperature exceeds 32.5 C, then it is considered dangerous for the human body. The best solution for the manager there will be the installation of air conditioners or fans, and there is also an opportunity by administrative document to reduce the number of jobs.

Temperature in winter time should not be below 20 0 C, otherwise the worker will not be comfortable. In this case, it is necessary to install separate heating systems or reduced work hours.

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation also establishes standards for working at low temperatures:

• at 7 o'clock work shift work is allowed at 19 0 C;
• if an employee is at the workplace for 6 hours, then - 18 0 C;
• at 5 hours of exposure - 17 0 C;
• if 4 hours, then - 16 0 C;
• with a 3-hour work shift - 15 0 C;
• if 2 hours, then - 14 0 C;
• 13 0 C at 1 hour of operation.

According to the standards, if the room temperature is less than 13 0 C, then this is considered a critical level and working in this mode is harmful to health.

It turns out that in summer period the temperature in the room or production area should not exceed 28

C, and in winter it should reach 20 0 C.

How are professions classified?

Temperature standards differ and are classified differently for each category.

1. First a. When energy consumption is about 139 W. This is a fairly low load, thus fixed work while sitting, with minimal movements.
2. First b. If energy costs range from 140 to 170 W. These are also minor loads, but work is expected both while sitting and standing.
3. Second a. From 175 to 232 W. This refers to moderate physical exertion. In this case, it is necessary to regularly walk and move light weights.
4. Second b. From 233 to 290 W. The load is quite active, but moderate. Loads weighing up to a kilogram are moved in a sitting position.
5. Third. Energy consumption in the workplace is up to 290 W. That is, the employee walks intensively, and production activities require significant physical activity.

Some managers believe that the higher the category of employee, the greater the need to comply with workplace regulations. But this is wrong, since every employee has the right to work in comfortable conditions. Therefore, the rules apply to everyone and must be followed in full.

Actions of an employee if the manager does not comply with the temperature regime

The temperature regime is not maintained: what to do?

Often, enterprises violate standard temperature indicators, but what to do? Should I continue working or should I try to adjust it? this question at the employer?

There are several options for contacting your manager or other authorities:

1. Approach the manager and discuss that it is impossible to be on the site, much less work. Of course, you can take several employees with you so that they can verbally confirm the fact of this circumstance.
2. But unfortunately, this does not work in all cases, although any manager is obliged to respond to such requests.
3. Write a paper asking for heaters to be installed. In this case, it is advisable to collect the signatures of several workers at the same time. You should approach your boss with such a paper, but if in this case there is no reaction, then you should pass the document through the secretary, or even better, put the incoming number. It is better to keep a copy of the document in hand until the issue is resolved.
4. When there is no action from the employer, it is recommended to write complaints to Rospotrebnadzor. Of course, inspections will immediately begin, which will end with the imposition of penalties, which will entail a conflict. But many employers only begin to do what they are supposed to do in this way.
5. It is also possible to file a complaint with the labor inspectorate, but this will also end in inspections and penalties.

Any employee has legal grounds demand that the employer respect their rights.

How to eliminate violations

Those noted for non-compliance with temperature conditions at workplaces can be eliminated for this purpose special effort will not be required on the part of the employer.

In the summer, you can install air conditioners or fans, turn on exhaust ventilation, if this helps normalize the regime. In the cold season, you cannot do without additional heaters, and it also makes sense to check the performance of the heating systems.

The employer must take all possible measures to achieve normal microclimate indicators and these values ​​must be noted in the protocols.

Watch a video about how new SanPiN standards have come into force in Russia since 2018:

Form for receiving a question, write yours

In accordance with labor legislation, the employer is obliged to ensure safe working conditions as much as possible. This means that the level of exposure to harmful factors should not exceed the standards established by law. One of the legal requirements is to ensure normal temperature in the workroom.

Temperature standards in the working area

Physical factors in the workplace should not deviate from established standards. SanPiN defines the following options for impact on workers:

• thermal and sound factors;
• vibration vibrations;
• electrical, magnetic fields etc.

The indicators are compiled in such a way that harmful effects cannot lead to injury or illness to the employee. The temperature regime at the workplace is established by SanPiN 2.2.4.3359.-16. It includes:

• temperature in the workplace and surfaces;
• air humidity indicators;
• air flow speed.

The standards are set for the warm and cold seasons. If the outside temperature is above +10, then you should focus on the indicators provided for the warm season. The standards also differ depending on the work performed. This is due to the fact that some employees spend all day in the office, others perform work in production facilities, etc.

Permissible temperature for office space:

What should an employee do if the temperature regime is not maintained?

If the temperature regime in the workplace is not observed, the employee has the right to:

• Contact your superiors with a demand to normalize the indicators. For small fluctuations, you can use a heater or fan. A more expensive option is to install an air conditioner.
• Demand a reduction in working hours.

According to the law, the room temperature should not exceed:

• 28 degrees for an 8-hour day;
• 30 degrees – for 5 hours of operation;
• 31 degrees – for 3 hours;
• 32 degrees – for a two-hour working day;
• 32.5 – for 1 hour of work.

Indicators above established standards are considered dangerous to human health and life.

Norm for the cold season: 20 ºС – eight-hour working day. When the temperature drops by 1 degree, the working day is shortened by 1 hour.

You can also file a complaint with the Labor Inspectorate. To do this, you need to go to the website of the State Labor Inspectorate of your region and select the section dedicated to citizens’ appeals. It contains information on how to make a complaint or get advice.

Features of temperature measurements in the workplace

Measurements are taken when the outside temperature is not higher than -5 degrees (in cold times), in warm times - not lower than +15 ºС. In order to control the microclimate at workplaces, verification measurements are carried out once a year.

The assessment is made based on an average indicator consisting of three measurements, which should not exceed the boundaries of established standards. If a complaint is received about the temperature in the workroom, measurements are made regardless of external temperature at least 3 times a day (morning, lunch and evening):

• By doing sedentary work measurements are taken 10 cm and 1 meter from the floor.
• When performing standing work - 10 cm and 160 cm from the floor.
• Humidity is measured at 100 and 160 cm, respectively.
• Intensity thermal radiation set at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 m with an error of 0.05 m.

Important: measurements are taken at the workplace. If an employee carries out labor activity at several places, then measurements are carried out at each of them.

Fine for failure to comply with temperature standards in the work area

In accordance with Art. 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, in case of violation of standards ensuring safe working conditions, the following types of punishments are provided:

• warning;
• penalties in relation to:
  • responsible persons - from 2 to 5 thousand rubles;
  • Individual entrepreneur – from 2 to 5 thousand rubles;
  • enterprises - 50-80 thousand rubles.

If violations are repeatedly detected, tougher penalties are provided:

• The fine against the responsible person and individual entrepreneur is 30-40 thousand rubles or:
  • For official- disqualification for a period of 1 to 3 years;
  • for individual entrepreneurs - deprivation of the opportunity to engage entrepreneurial activity up to 90 days.
• Monetary recovery from the organization in the amount of 100 to 300 thousand rubles or temporary suspension of work for a period of no more than 3 months.

Thus, the air temperature in the workplace should not deviate from the established standards. The obligation to comply with labor safety standards rests with the employer. In case of failure to comply with the requirements of the law, the following types of penalties are provided: warning, fine or temporary suspension of activities.

According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer must provide his subordinates not only with safety, but also with conditions under which labor safety standards are observed. In particular, temperature standards in the workplace, adopted at the state level. Articles Labor Code 209 and 212 regulate the requirements for events that create appropriate sanitary, living and sanitary conditions.

What does the law say?

It should be especially highlighted which relate to humidity and temperature of industrial and office premises. All necessary figures are contained in SanPiN 2.2.4.548962. This is the main document, according to which normal working conditions must be ensured, in particular, humidity conditions, temperature standards in the room and other important factors.

Increased ambient air temperature can be considered one of the most powerful factors inhibiting performance. The mentioned sanitary standards stipulate that the room temperature in summer should not be higher than 25 °C. Relative humidity does not have the right to fall below 40%. It is with these values ​​that the necessary thermal comfort can be ensured throughout the entire working day or shift.

Compliance with these conditions does not lead to deviations in the well-being of workers and creates necessary conditions for normal operation. Security optimal microclimate in production premises in mandatory requires the employer to equip the workshop or office with heating, as well as ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Don't break the law!

The absence or malfunction of any of the listed systems leads to unacceptable temperature rises and poses a threat to the health of workers. This in itself is a violation of the law.

In this case, employees are divided into categories. For example, sanitary standards for office employees are classified as Category A. If the temperature in the workplace exceeds certain numbers, they have the right to have their working hours reduced for periods that will be described below.

The required microclimate indicators are given in section seven of SanPiN. Temperatures in the workplace that do not meet standards may result in a legal reduction in working hours. In this case, the employer is required to organize a commission whose task is to measure it in the premises.

What then?

The results of such an examination are documented in a protocol. It presents the data obtained and compares it with the normative ones. The working day is shortened on the basis of an order in accordance with the requirements given in SanPiN. The document must contain a link to the protocol with temperature measurement data.

This is done to protect employees from possible health damage due to cooling or overheating. It should be borne in mind that from a legal point of view it is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of time spent at one’s workplace and the duration of a shift or working day.

As the mentioned Sanitary Regulations and Regulations state, the temperature in the workplace must be such that the presence of people in production conditions is brought into compliance hygienic requirements. In doing so, they rely on Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

What can you do

Additional breaks, more early care employees at home, transferring them to other workplaces, equipping special rooms for rest.

If the employer refuses to comply with these requirements, he can be charged with two offenses simultaneously. We are talking, firstly, about violation of sanitary rules (temperature standards in production do not meet regulatory indicators). Secondly, it is directly ignored labor legislation, since people work in unsuitable conditions.

If the employer fails to act in this situation and refuses to provide employees with other work in unfavorable conditions, the duration is equivalent to a daily working day (shift). That is, we can talk about overtime hours for employees at the initiative of the employer with all the ensuing legal and financial consequences.

How to take care of yourself

What can ordinary employees do to normalize the situation in ensuring their own rights to safe and comfortable conditions labor? In cases where temperature standards in the workplace are not observed, they are advised to file complaints simultaneously with the bodies of Rospotrebnadzor and the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. In such cases, it provides for legal entities a fine, the size of which is of the same order as the costs required to equip workplaces with fans and air conditioners.

As you know, our people are used to working in any conditions. It is sometimes surprising to what extent workplace norms can be violated. People have to work, chattering their teeth from the cold or literally suffocating due to the unbearable heat. This also applies to knowledge workers who spend their days in a “civilized” office. The labor process in such unsuitable conditions has become so commonplace that people no longer even think about violating their legal rights.

Temperature standards in the workplace

Of course, both jobs and activities can vary greatly. A bank employee is in one set of conditions, a loader or crane operator is in completely different conditions. Standards have been developed for each individual profession in this regard.

Any type of work belongs to one of the existing categories, for which the necessary microclimatic conditions and permissible temperature range are prescribed. Unfortunately, it is unrealistic to consider all of them in one article. Therefore, we will focus on the working conditions of office workers.

What should we know?

Perhaps for someone this information will be heard for the first time. Do you know that if you are forced to work at a temperature that does not meet established standards, then you have every right to reduce your working hours?

Probably, many, after reading these lines, will only grin. Anyone in our country knows what it is like to seek the rule of law and justice, including in the workplace. But nevertheless, possession of this information will allow necessary cases“pump up your rights”, seeking the opportunity to ask to go home early or even raise the issue of paying overtime to the employer, if it is impossible to force him to comply with temperature standards in the office workplace.

In any organization there will always be an active “backbone” of workers who will seek justice by writing complaints and putting all kinds of pressure on management. We hope this information will help them in this matter.

Let's arm ourselves with a thermometer

So, let's measure the temperature at our workplace. It should not be more than 23-25 ​​°C. We're talking about summer work. If it is winter outside, these numbers range from 22 to 24 °. In this case, the thermometer readings must be linked to air humidity, the permissible values ​​of which are from 40 to 60%.

Of course, the temperature may deviate from the required one by a certain acceptable amount, which is 1 or 2 degrees, but no more. Throughout the working day, the temperature change should not be more than 4 degrees.

If these conditions are met, you are required to work a full 8 hours in the office. If the temperature during the day reached 29 °C (that is, exceeded the maximum permissible by 4 °C), your demand to be allowed to leave work exactly an hour earlier would be completely legal.

In 30-degree heat, you have the right to work no more than 6 hours. If the thermometer exceeds 32.5 °C, theoretically you have the right to work for no more than an hour.

If it's cold outside

The situation is similar with work on cold winter days. If the thermometer shows only 19 degrees Celsius, the duration of the working day is 7 hours, at 18 degrees - 6. In this case, an accurate temperature measurement is made at a height of about a meter from the floor.

The question is: will such scrupulous measurements, coupled with the requirements for the employer to strictly comply with the rules and regulations, bring practical benefit? The fact is that it will most likely be more profitable for the latter to spend money once on installing an air conditioner or heater instead of regularly paying fines for violations with the attendant hassle.

So if you appreciate own health, do not be afraid of the authorities. Your goal is to ensure that they are respected. If you have information contained in the documents designed to protect the ordinary employee legislative documents, and show due persistence, it is quite possible to achieve justice.

In order to organize a normal working environment for his employees, to ensure their efficiency and functional condition, the manager must ensure that the standard temperature in the office is observed. If it deviates from the norm by even one degree, and no matter in which direction, labor productivity may decrease, as if your employees had not worked for an hour.

In fact, this means that in office space In summer the air conditioner should work, and in winter it should be heated normally.

Temperature standards in the office

Eat normative document – the federal law No. 52-FZ. According to this document, office workers have the right to ensure a healthy environment in their workplace. The head of the enterprise must take measures to ensure that the office premises for employees remain working temperature within strictly defined limits. She must be:

• In summer – 23-25 ​​ºС.
• In winter – 22-24 ºС.
• The permissible deviation from the norm is 1-2 ºС.
• Possible fluctuations during the day are 3-4 ºС.

There are also requirements for air humidity in the office - it cannot be less than 40% and more than 60. And if you have to sit under air conditioning, you have a legal right to demand better working conditions, because according to sanitary standards, the wind speed should be within 0.1-0.3 m/sec.

Implementation of sanitary rules and regulations

Along with temperature and other standards, it is established that if the air temperature in the workplace deviates from acceptable values, the manager is obliged to limit the time employees spend in the office.

Only if it is no more than 28 ºС or no less than 20 ºС can an eight-hour working day be maintained. Any excess or deficiency should shorten the working day by an hour. By the way, the temperature should be measured at a height of at least a meter from the floor.

Any excess or deficiency should shorten the working day by an hour.

Employer's liability

The manager of the enterprise has the responsibility to ensure. According to the conditions dictated by Art. 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, he can demand fulfillment of the hourly production norm only when he has created decent working conditions in the rented office. At the slightest deviation from the temperature regime, the manager must immediately take measures to eliminate this violation. Helps protect workers' rights