The operating principle of a long-burning boiler. Long burning solid fuel boilers Long burning heating boiler

Video: Stropuva long-burning models

Boilers Nedelka, Russia

Boilers domestic production, capable of operating on one load of coal for 6-7 days. They have high efficiency - up to 92%, the boiler automation allows you to accurately regulate the temperature of the network water and the microclimate in the premises of the house.

The boiler has rectangular shape with a loading door in the upper plane. The type of combustion in the boiler is top; for more complete heat removal, smoke circulation is provided - channels through which heated flue gases pass.

The heat exchanger of the Nedelka boiler is multi-pass, which ensures maximum heat removal from the most heated surfaces. The firebox is equipped with a grate and two cleaning doors: through one, located in the fuel chamber, combustion products are removed from the firebox, through the second - from the ash pan.

At the top there is a microprocessor control unit that controls the boost fan. It regulates the air supply to the chamber, and therefore the combustion mode. When the power is turned off, the boiler goes out, but when it is turned on, it can flare up again without human intervention. The control is simple - just set the desired temperature in the rooms in which the sensors are installed.

The fuel quality requirements for Nedelka units are low: they can burn coal and firewood, pellets, wood chips, and construction waste. The greatest efficiency and duration of combustion is achieved when working on coal, the quality of which does not have any special requirements - effective pressurization can ignite any fraction of coal.

Three boiler models are recommended for private homes: KO-60 - for a house with an area of ​​100 to 300 square meters, KO-90 - from 200 to 400 square meters and KO-110 - from 250 to 600 square meters. Moreover, what larger area, the shorter the boiler burning time at one load, so it is better to choose a more powerful boiler.

Prices for Nedelka boilers, depending on the modification - from 110 to 220 thousand rubles.

Boiler "Week", video

Right choice suitable model solid fuel equipment will allow you to forget about daily loading, cleaning and maintenance of heating equipment. Modern boilers reliable, safe and do not require monitoring. It is enough to clean the unit from ash and ashes once every few days and load a new batch of fuel, after which the house will be warm and comfortable all week.

Constantly growing tariffs for gas and electricity are forcing residents country houses install autonomous solid fuel boilers for heating a private house. Such devices generate thermal energy by burning wood, coal or. It is also worth noting that solid fuel units will become optimal solution for arranging a heating system in those houses where it is technically impossible to install gas equipment.

The market for long-burning solid fuel boilers is rich in a variety of appliance models made by manufacturers different countries. To do right choice and purchase a heating device that is ideal for your home, it is worth familiarizing yourself with all existing types solid fuel boilers.

Types of solid fuel boilers for a private home

The entire model range of this unit can be divided into the following types:

1. Heating devices in which solid fuel is supplied automatically to the firebox. These are so-called pellet boilers. Their work is based on the use of granular fuel.
2. Heating appliances that require manual loading solid fuel. Their classification is presented as follows:

• classic type boiler;
• pyrolysis boilers with top combustion;
• long-burning heating device.

The most important parameter that you should pay attention to when purchasing a heating device is the combustion time of solid fuel with a single load, as well as the type of fuel that determines maximum efficiency boiler operation.

When choosing a long-burning solid fuel boiler for your home or cottage, it is very important to pay attention to the following parameters:

• number of circuits. A long-burning double-circuit solid fuel boiler can not only heat a house well, but also provide uninterrupted hot water;
• It’s good if the boiler has a hob, this solves the problem of cooking;
• Always check the power of the device and its efficiency. As a rule, solid fuel heating boilers with a power of up to 12 kW can well warm up a house with an area exceeding 100 m2;
• before making a purchase, think about whether the weight and dimensions of the device correspond to those parameters that ensure fairly easy transportation and quick installation;
• select a solid fuel heating boiler based on the possibility of purchasing the required fuel;
• fuel loading option and general device heating unit.

Attention ! Remember, solid fuel heating devices are produced only of the floor type, so installation on the wall is impossible under any circumstances.

Classic solid fuel boilers

To date, this is the most popular look heating device. As a rule, such a unit is made of heat-resistant steel or cast iron. Heat is produced during the combustion of fuel. The boiler's operating process is maintained by burning wood, peat or heating pellets. Classic heating devices running on solid fuel are traditionally used both for heating the room and for providing hot water. Since firewood burns very quickly, it is most often heated with coal. A built-in temperature sensor allows you to maintain the desired temperature inside the firebox and adjust the air damper. If the temperature changes operating value, the flap opens slightly and vice versa.

As practice shows, with one load of fuel, this type The heating device can operate effectively for up to six hours. This is a completely autonomous device; its operation does not depend on the availability of gas or electricity in the network.

Modern models of solid fuel boilers are equipped with built-in temperature sensors, a blower fan, and a control panel. All these elements make the management process simple and convenient.

Attention ! You should always remember that coal flares up slowly, but once it reaches the desired degree, it maintains it at this level for a very long time.

Firewood burns very quickly, so you shouldn’t fill the entire firebox space with it at once. This can lead to a rapid but short-term release of heat and overheating of the boiler, which is very dangerous.

Pyrolysis solid fuel boilers

The pyrolysis boiler is an example of new technologies and developments. Used in practice this type heating device, both for heating the room and for heating water. It includes two combustion chambers. In the first compartment, solid fuel burns with an artificially created oxygen deficiency. During the combustion process, special volatile substances are released, which undergo a combustion procedure in the second chamber.

As a rule, the operation of pyrolysis boilers is provided by firewood, fuel briquettes, pellets, coal and even coke. It is important to consider the quality of solid fuel. It must be dry, since if steam enters the second chamber, a combustion interruption situation may occur.

Some models have built-in thermostatic air regulators and devices that protect a long-burning solid fuel boiler from boiling. In a situation where the heating device boils, the thermostatic valve will release water by opening the damper, and as a result, the internal temperature of the boiler will decrease.

Advice ! A long-burning solid fuel pyrolysis heating boiler can be installed in almost any room that has a constant flow of air. The chimney is installed both inside and outside the building.

Pellet solid fuel boilers

This model of heating devices is very popular for residents of Europe. They are usually used for heating the house, and for heating running water. Such long-burning solid fuel boilers are heated with pellets (pressed shavings, sawdust).

The main advantages of using this type of heating device are complete autonomy. The combustion temperature is automatically maintained by sensors, and all that is required from a person is to load the fuel boiler in time necessary material. Some models of such boilers have a built-in auger that will independently send pellets into the firebox. The disadvantage of such a boiler is that other types of fuel cannot be used besides pellets.

Attention ! The use of unsuitable, low-quality solid fuel leads to increased consumption of materials and can even cause failure of the heating device.

Long burning boilers

This version of home heating devices can effectively operate on coke, coal, firewood, wood chips and even sawdust. Those models of units that are designed exclusively for working with wood differ significantly in the air supply system and the materials used to make the combustion chamber.

Practical experiments have proven that if 45 kg of fuel is loaded into the firebox once, the burning time will average thirty-six hours. If the air temperature outside begins to rise, then there is no need to heat the boiler to the maximum. To do this, simply reduce the boiler power and fuel burning rate.

The long-burning heating device is a new generation boiler. It has good tightness. Solid fuel in such models burns from the top to the very bottom. This ensures maximum combustion duration per load. The fuel does not begin to burn immediately, but gradually, 1-2 cm at a time. The air that enters the furnace is heated and then transferred to the combustion zone using a recuperator.

The air distributor is always located at the solid fuel combustion level.

Criteria for choosing solid fuel boilers

Having familiarized yourself with the types of solid fuel boilers, it would be a good idea to find out what criteria you should consider close attention when making a purchase.

Type of fuel

The very first thing you need to decide is what fuel the heating device will run on. It is better to leave your choice on a fuel that is easy to buy and deliver home. If it is possible to collect firewood, then the best option there will be a solid fuel boiler burning wood. For home owners with no trees growing in their area, it is best to purchase a unit that runs on pellets. Devices that generate heat from coal are suitable for those who have the opportunity to order and purchase high-quality coal. Long-burning solid fuel boilers running on sawdust are usually installed in those houses that are located near wood processing facilities.

Heating boiler power

To correctly determine the optimal power for heating your home, you need to carry out not very complex mathematical calculations. The most important thing is to calculate the volume of the room that needs to be drunk. The result obtained will become the starting point for choosing the future heating boiler.

Advice ! Always allow for some power reserve so that in case of abnormal low temperatures it was possible to maintain a comfortable air temperature in the house.

Boiler weight

When choosing a long-burning heating device, its weight will become an important indicator, especially if you plan to install it on a wall. According to state standards, wall mounting permissible only if the volume of heating boilers does not exceed 100 liters.

Loading chamber volume

This is an indicator of the ratio of the volume of solid fuel used and the power of the heating device. The more fuel you can load into the chamber, the less often you will need to replenish the solid fuel supply. For example: the volume of the loading chamber for steel heating devices should be no more than 2.5 l/kW, this figure for cast iron boilers is 1.4 l/kW. The calculated unit of volume of the loading chamber helps to roughly estimate the capabilities of the units. After all, you are unlikely to be able to load the boiler 100%, and knowing exactly how much firewood can be loaded will be very useful for planning solid fuel reserves.

Manufacturers of solid fuel heating boilers

When going shopping, it is better to familiarize yourself with the main manufacturers of solid fuel boilers in advance, so as not to get confused by the abundance of brands on the market.

Let's take a closer look at the best solid fuel boilers for home heating:

1. The Stropuva brand has established itself as a manufacturer of reliable and high-quality long-burning heating devices. The products of this company are characterized by high efficiency and long service life.
2. A Russian-made long-burning solid fuel boiler from the Ochag company produces heating boilers, with built-in heat exchangers. Products of this trademark characterized by high productivity and quality.
3. The Polish company Wichlacz has established itself in the market as a reliable manufacturer of heating units, the operating principle of which is based on layer-by-layer combustion of fuel.

The long-burning boiler has become an excellent replacement for ovens various types, which require constant fuel replenishment. Its advantage lies in the long-term release of heat into the room, which means there is a saving of not only time, but also fuel.

Such a boiler has other useful positive qualities that will help solve some household problems. There are many models of boilers of this class on sale, from which you can choose one that suits you in terms of characteristics and price, but there is another option - to make such a heating device yourself.

Long-term burning of the boilers is achieved thanks to the design of the heating device, which includes an additional chamber for burning the gas released during the combustion of wood fuel.

The principle is this: the fuel placed in the furnace, in the almost complete absence of oxygen, is not subject to active combustion with an open flame, which means that it smolders for a long time with the release of heat. In order for a sufficient amount of gas to be formed, when burning fuel, after laying firewood, lighting the boiler and the appearance of an active flame, ventilation pumps are automatically turned on, which remove excess oxygen from the firebox and transfer the combustion to a state of smoldering.

In addition to the heat emanating from the fuel, when slow burning gas is released, which enters the additional chamber through ceramic or metal pipes or injectors. The gas is burned in the chamber, which is facilitated by an air injection system. Here the final combustion of the remaining fuel combustion products, for example, soot and other heavy compounds, takes place.

At conventional design stoves, fuel after combustion leaves a lot of products (waste), which can also produce heat when burned. The developers of long-burning boilers took this into account. The chamber where secondary combustion occurs traps the generated heat inside the structure, preventing it from immediately escaping into the chimney.

Another advantage of combustion of released substances is the environmental purity of the smoke coming from the furnace, since all toxic products from combustion are destroyed in the additional afterburning department.

In addition, such a boiler has one feature: if in all furnaces fuel combustion occurs from the bottom up, then in long-burning furnaces, on the contrary, from top to bottom. This factor also slows down the combustion process, preventing the fuel located below the fire from heating up quickly.

A large amount of firewood is loaded into such a boiler at once, i.e. the combustion chamber is filled to the top. After ignition, it is hermetically closed with a door. The amount of incoming oxygen is controlled by the air regulator.

The combustion chamber for combustion waste and released gas can be located in the lower, upper or rear part of the boiler - it depends on the specific model.

The following fuels can be used for this unit: firewood and coal, sawdust and peat, as well as other materials. It does not matter which type of solid fuel will be used to load the boiler, but the main thing is that it is sufficiently dried. Excessive humidity will reduce the power of the heating installation, which will be spent on drying firewood, and reduce the production of secondary fuel - pyrolysis gas.

After the combustion of any fuel in a long-burning furnace, a small pile of ash remains, so a very small door is provided to remove it.

Differences between a double-circuit boiler

A long-burning boiler can have not one circuit, but two. Thus, it can not only heat the room, but also heat water for household needs. Such units are equipped with a heat exchanger or water jacket - water is heated in this department.

The heat exchanger built into the system can have a flow-through water system or in the form of a storage boiler. For a heating system, naturally, the heat exchanger must operate according to the flow-through principle, but for hot water supply it can be either flow-through or boiler-type.

For DHW it is more convenient to choose a large-volume indirect heating boiler. He will always have hot water, since it will constantly be heated and maintain the temperature even after the combustion is completed for a long time.

Apart from the water circuit, the design of the boiler is no different from conventional boilers operating on this principle.

Combination boilers

Boilers operating only on solid fuel are installed mainly in buildings located in areas where other types of energy resources are not available. If it is possible to connect to gas pipeline, it is better to use a combination boiler. It will be much more convenient to use and more economical financially.

Particularly easy to use - combination boilers

Design combined options supplemented with a gas burner and automation. They begin to heat the stove, for example, with wood, and when it burns out and the boiler cools below the set temperature, the automation is triggered and gas heating is turned on, which maintains the coolant at the desired temperature. Such a boiler can be single-circuit, but have common system built-in boiler.

In addition, there are boiler models that run on electricity instead of gas.

Positive characteristics of the boiler

Any of the units described above have unifying and individual positive qualities, which is why today they are installed in country houses and replace old brick ovens with them.

• Long burning boilers have good performance and have a very high efficiency, which reaches 90-95%.
• If the boiler has a built-in system automatic feeding fuel, it can operate for a long time without human intervention. The period of such work is indicated in the unit’s passport.
• The efficiency of the device is explained by the ability of the design to reach temperatures of up to 600-650 degrees during normal operation.
• Boilers are environmentally friendly devices, since not only the stored fuel is burned, but also carbon monoxide, formed during its operation.
• It is always possible to regulate the intensity of combustion.
• Modern boilers are equipped with automation, which allows you to control them via a remote control, and also through it to receive a signal about problems that arise during operation.
• The convenience of combined boilers lies in the use different types fuel, which allows you to significantly save on it.
• In boilers with a water circuit, it is possible to regulate the water temperature, both for heating and for domestic hot water.
• For large quantities positive qualities unit, it has a very affordable price.
• Easy to install and operate, as well as low maintenance and the ability to do it yourself, without involving specialists.
• Compact compared to brick buildings.

Objective disadvantages

TO negative points The use of the boiler includes:

• Fuel is loaded into the device manually.
• Some models do not have water temperature control, so when choosing a boiler you need to pay special attention to this.
• A lot of space is required to store firewood or other solid fuel.
• There are certain requirements for drying the combustion material.
• Using combined models, you will need to allocate a separate room for the system - a boiler room.

These are quite significant disadvantages for those who have small area at home, but if you need to install heating, you can always find a way out.

Is it possible to build such a boiler? with your own hands?

If desired, and if you have some skills, it is quite possible to make a long-burning solid fuel boiler yourself. For its effectiveness it doesn't matter at all, what shape the boiler will be - round, made from a barrel or gas cylinder, or welded from metal sheets. The main thing is a properly designed internal system.

Video example of building a homemade long-burning boiler “from Maxim”

The simplest design of a long-burning boiler

The proposed diagram clearly shows how in a completely simple way it is possible to create conditions inside the boiler to retain hot air, which will significantly prolong the cooling process.

Of all the boiler options that you can make yourself, the one with a rectangular shape will be the most compact and aesthetically pleasing. It is perfect for heating a small room, and if it is slightly modified, it will warm a larger area.

The design of the boiler is quite simple and it will require quite available materials, and their number will depend on the size of the planned unit.

The point of the design is to prevent heated air from directly escaping into the pipe. For this purpose, devices are installed inside, consisting of metal plates and pipes, welded in a special way and creating a kind of labyrinth between themselves, through which the heated air should slowly escape. Upper compartments, with competent organization submissions extra air, will play the function of afterburning chambers. If desired, line the inside of the boiler with fireclay tiles or bricks placed on the edge. You can also install brickwork on the outside of the heating device.

In order to make such a boiler you need to prepare: a metal sheet at least three millimeters thick, a steel corner 4×4 or 5×5 cm, a cover for the hole in hob, chimney pipe of the required configuration, length and diameter. All material is purchased based on a pre-drawn up scheme.

• The first step is cutting out all the metal parts after marking them according to size according to the diagram. The parts must be cut out carefully, then the edges should be smoothed using a grinder.

The following parts are cut out: the bottom and walls of the boiler, the grate panel, the hob, two or three interior panels to create a labyrinthine outlet of heated gases.

• Next, holes for the burner and chimney are cut in the hob. The front panel houses two rectangular holes for the firebox and vent. The cut plates are scalded - they will be used for doors and must close tightly. They are attached to hinges that are welded to the panel and doors. Then the valves are attached to them.
• Work continues on the front panel - one plate is welded on its inner side. She must be smaller size side wall by 7-8 centimeters, i.e. it should not reach the rear wall by the specified distance. It is placed at a distance of 10-12 centimeters from the top panel.
• Next, work comes on the back wall - two metal panels, the same size as on the front. One of them is fixed at a distance of 5-6 centimeters from the top, and the second 15-17. When assembling the boiler, the plate from the front panel should be located between the plates of the rear wall.
• On side walls, one corner is welded along their entire length, at the same height - in the future they will serve as brackets for the grate.
• Legs made from a corner are welded to the bottom part. To ensure stability of the boiler, it is better to weld metal round or square plates to their end.
• To make a grate panel, numerous holes are drilled in a prepared metal blank or long strips are cut out along the side walls. You can do it another way - weld a grate from reinforcement. If you can find a cast iron grate on sale that exactly fits the required size, this will be an ideal option. When designing a boiler, this issue can be thought through in advance.
• The decisive and final step is to assemble all the parts together. They can be connected using a corner, or the parts can be butt welded together, but this must be done very carefully, the seams must be smooth and airtight.
• The chimney pipe branch pipe is attached to the finished structure by welding.
• To make the design neat, you need to clean the welding seams and cover the entire boiler with completely heat-resistant paint.

After the paint has dried, tests can be carried out before installation. Test the boiler outdoors.

Video - original homemade long-burning boiler

It was previously talked about the simplest designs. However, creative ideas have no boundaries. Look at step by step process creating a boiler of a completely unusual design.

Installation

The boiler must be installed in compliance with fire safety regulations.

• To install the boiler permanently, you need to prepare the surface for it. It must be level and fire-resistant - it can be a concrete floor, brickwork or tiles.
• The walls near the boiler are finished with heat-resistant plasterboard, tiles, brick or stone masonry. You can choose other non-flammable material.
• The room where the boiler is located must have a good ventilation system.

If the boiler is made by hand, you need to try to choose quality material so that the product lasts a long time.

When choosing a finished boiler, you need to carefully read its characteristics and functions so that it satisfies all the requests that depend on it. If there is no need or opportunity to purchase a factory-made boiler, then you can make it yourself or order it from an experienced craftsman.

More and more city dwellers are striving to escape to permanent residence outside of megacities. Away from noise, dust and bustle. Now almost everyone can travel on business in their own car; distances are no longer an obstacle. The only thing that stops many is the level of comfort that a village house provides. First of all, this concerns heating. And if there is no gas nearby, then you have to look for alternative methods to solve the problem. One of such solutions may well be a solid fuel boiler with improved characteristics, which we will consider today.

What is a long-burning boiler

There is no science fiction or space innovation in the design of the device. Only competent development and subtle knowledge of physical processes made it possible to develop such a boiler. A wood-burning boiler that can burn for a very long time without requiring any special attention and having good efficiency. These are the main characteristics of the device. In addition, firewood is a fairly affordable type of fuel; it is much cheaper than gas, and the boiler volume can be chosen to suit any room.

The principle of operation is simple and clear - solid fuel does not just burn in the firebox, as in a conventional stove, but slowly smolders, constantly generating heat. The combustion process is artificially slowed down due to the fact that the access of oxygen to the combustion site can be regulated within fairly wide limits. The slower the fuel burns and the larger its volume, the more heat we get at the exit of the device.

Such a boiler is several times more economical than a conventional solid fuel boiler, and its operating period may generally be limited to heating season. In October, you can light it, and at the end of April, put it out, while doing this every 5-7 days. new bookmark fuel. Such devices are produced both for domestic use and for heating industrial facilities, the only difference is in size. An industrial solid fuel boiler that burns for a long time, the price of which is tens of times higher than a household boiler, can occupy a separate room and heat entire workshops.

Device classification

Firewood, sawdust, coal and peat are the main types of fuel for these devices, and according to the method of heat generation, the boiler is designed in only two types:

A pyrolysis boiler consumes only dry fuel, while it can show high efficiency and profitability. Low fuel consumption is due to the fact that it burns out in the combustion chamber almost completely, thereby reducing heating costs and reducing the time for care and maintenance of the combustion process.

Characteristics of pyrolysis boilers

All pyrolysis boilers that are produced by industry are similar in performance, so we can talk about the average values ​​of such equipment, which differ slightly from each other, depending on the model. So, almost every long-burning boiler has operating pressure about 1 atm, the outlet coolant temperature can be from 70 to 90˚C, while the efficiency of such devices is 85-90%. For domestic boilers, the average power is at least 80 kW, and the temperature of the exhaust gases can reach 250˚C and higher.

Pyrolysis boilers can have a lot of positive advantages over other types of heating equipment, in particular, they note:

• excellent heat dissipation;
• high productivity;
• safety, possibility of installation directly in a residential building;
• a variety of design finds in the design of device cases;
• temperature adjustment is simple and without the use of additional expensive devices;
• easy setup of all parameters;
• the ability to install automation equipment, alarms and automatic adjustments;
• low fuel prices compared to electricity and gas, and it is the only option when supplies of gas or electricity are limited or non-existent.

Operating principle and drawings of a long-burning solid fuel boiler

Heaters can operate according to several schemes, which is reflected in their design. Boilers that are based on the principle of upper combustion are somewhat simpler than boilers with a lower combustion chamber, however, their operating efficiency is almost the same. Upper-hearth boilers first went into mass production only in 2000, and since then their design has been used by many to make boilers with their own hands.

The combustion chamber of such a boiler can be quite voluminous, up to 500 cubic decimeters. Therefore, the larger the combustion chamber, the longer the boiler can operate without filling, up to several days. Fuel burns from top to bottom, and the mine oxygen supply limiter automatically reduces the combustion chamber as fuel is consumed. The heat generated during smoldering is transferred to the heat exchanger.

Prices for long-burning boilers

Long-burning boilers are produced by both domestic enterprises and many foreign companies. The most popular are Lithuanian long-burning boilers Stropuva. The company produces a wide range of models, varying both in power and in the area of ​​the heated room.

Depending on your budget, you can buy a 10 kW long-burning boiler with a heated area of ​​up to 100 square meters. Such a boiler will cost 90 thousand. It can run on wood and wood waste. The Stropuva S 40 model can operate on coal and peat, as well as on wood, while heating an area of ​​up to 400 square meters. The price of such a boiler will be from 130 thousand.

Reliable and unpretentious long-burning boilers will become a stable source of heat in the house, regardless of its size. They are easy to adjust and maintain and will allow you to enjoy coziness and comfort for modest money and without additional hassle.

Warmth in the house and saving on fuel used are two indicators that owners of private houses want to achieve when it comes to the heating system. And if the heating unit in the house runs on wood or coal, then perfect option for this purpose - so-called solid fuel boilers with long burning. The name already speaks for itself.

Everyone knows that conventional wood heating boilers have many advantages. But they also have disadvantages. And one of them is the rapid combustion of solid fuel in the firebox. That is, the owner of a private house has to periodically add firewood or coal, before cleaning out the ash pit. The frequency depends on the type of fuel used. For example, coal burns three times longer than wood. But it is not mined in all regions, so most often you have to deal with wood-burning boilers.

Principle of operation

The operating principle of long-burning boilers is based on the pyrolysis process. This is the decomposition of any substance under the influence of temperature with a minimum supply of oxygen. In fact, the same wood or coal in the combustion chamber does not burn, but smolders. In this case, the so-called pyrolysis gas is released, which burns in an additional furnace, where a certain volume of oxygen is supplied.

At the beginning of operation, oxygen is intensively supplied to the first combustion chamber, where fuel is added. It is necessary to warm up the entire system well. After which the feed is reduced to a minimum, and the pyrolysis process begins to operate in the first furnace.

Any long-burning boiler consists of two chambers. In the first, firewood is smoldered, in the second, pyrolysis gas is burned. At the same time, both fireboxes emit thermal energy, so the efficiency of this type of equipment averages 85%.

This indicator can be adjusted in the range of 50-105% depending on the operating mode settings of the device. Or more precisely, from the adjustment of the air (oxygen) supply to both combustion chambers.

Note that conventional solid fuel boilers and stoves operate with an efficiency of no more than 70%.

Configuration and internal design

The design of long-burning units may vary depending on the design. They can be rectangular or round, the fireboxes can be located one above the other or next to each other in a horizontal plane.

The ignition zone can be located on top of the fuel filling or below, oxygen is supplied from the side or jet from below through a special pipe device with holes.

Types of units

As is the case with any heating equipment, the choice of device is always based on the power of the unit. And in this regard, there is considerable diversity.

A popular representative of long-burning boilers is the Stropuva model. Him original design in the form of a vertical pipe, inside of which a press in the form of a metal pancake is installed. A pipe is connected to it, through which it flows into the unit. Fresh air(oxygen). This is the so-called telescopic system. The press is installed on the fuel deposit.

There is a gap between the walls of the boiler body and the press (pancake), through which the pyrolysis gas enters the second part of the furnace body. This is where its combustion occurs. The gradual smoldering of the fuel lowers the press lower and lower, while the gap between the firewood and the press remains the same. Long burning boiler

“Stropuva” can work for a very long time with one load: on wood for up to 70 hours, on coal for up to seven days.

The structure of this model is almost the same as that described above. This design was developed by Russian craftsmen, slightly simplifying and improving it. A distinctive feature is the combustion zone, which is located in the lower layer of fuel. Ignition is carried out from the side of the ash pan, for which a small fire is lit on its lower surface or a container with liquid fuel is installed.

The two models have one very serious drawback - the difficulty of choosing the correct cross-section of the chimney and installing it correctly. Without knowing the laws of heating engineering, it will be difficult to independently select the pipe cross-section. Lack of draft or its excess is harmful to the correct operation of the heating device.

Therefore, my advice is that if there is any doubt that the cross-section of the chimney is chosen incorrectly, it is necessary to install a damper on it. Within several hours of operation, it is necessary to set it so that the traction is optimal. True, there is a better way - installing a bimetallic traction control. This is an automatic valve that operates without electricity.

And second. The first part of the chimney pipe from the boiler must be horizontal (minimum 3 m), a slight slope is possible, but not very strong. Then you can lift it vertically.

Gas generators

Modern long-burning solid fuel boilers are units operating on the principle of pyrolysis, with additional functions. In fact it's wood stoves, made of metal. They run on coal, wood, pellets and other solid fuels.

Manufacturers today offer heating boilers with automated filling. True, in this case you can use pellets or fine coal. A container and a screw are added to the design of the unit. This complicates it, makes it more voluminous, increases the weight and price of the equipment, but at the same time the process of supplying fuel to the combustion chamber is simplified to a minimum. For example, pellets are poured into a container, and from there they are fed into the firebox by an auger.

It should be noted that although gas generators belong to the category of long-burning furnaces, they cannot boast of the same burning time as that of the Stropuv. The maximum period of fuel combustion in them is 10 hours. After which, if there is no automated bookmark, you will have to do everything manually, not forgetting to clean the ash pan from soot and ash.

Advantages of long-burning boilers

First of all, it is necessary to indicate two main criteria that formed the basis for the high popularity of these heating units:

1. Reducing human presence during operation and maintenance.
2. Increased work efficiency.

It is the second criterion that determines the economic side. That is, a wood heating unit consumes a minimum of fuel, while releasing a large amount of thermal energy.

One of the advantages is the fact that a long-burning boiler operating on wood and coal practically does not emit carbon oxides into the atmosphere, which pollute environment. The thing is that the fuel burns almost completely. Pyrolysis gas (also known as carbon dioxide) burns with all fuel particles. An insignificant amount of harmful substances is released into the atmosphere.

Plus everything thermal energy almost 100% remains inside the unit. A small amount comes out through the chimney. In addition, the temperature of the exhaust gases does not exceed +50 °C.

Long-burning units and water heating

All of the above models are ordinary stoves that radiate heat from their body, thereby heating one or two rooms ( small house). In this category there are models that are also used for water heating. In this case, the design of the unit itself becomes more complicated, but not much.

Design Features

To heat the coolant, a water jacket is installed in almost all models for a water heating system. For example, the Stropuva boiler. Its body consists of two cylinders, between which the coolant moves.

In a group of gas generators, a water jacket is installed around the combustion chamber. There are models in which a heat exchanger is mounted in the form of an additional tank at the back or side of the firebox.

All boilers of this type operating on heating system houses are provided with good thermal insulation. This is another plus for heat conservation and energy saving.

Model differences

Some design differences have already been written above. But there are other features. Long-burning solid fuel boilers can be single- or double-circuit. They are made of steel or cast iron.

The supply of oxygen to the combustion chamber can be natural or forced (using an installed fan). With automatic setting temperature conditions or completely without automation. That is, the choice is so huge that today every consumer can easily select the necessary model to suit his needs and requirements.