Automatic coal-pellet boilers. Automatic coal boilers Coal boilers with automatic fuel supply

Price of automatic coal boilers long burning partly depends on exchange rates, since many goods are imported.

Coal boilers with automatic fuel supply

Looking for an automatic coal-fired boiler that can last for years? Then you need exclusively original products from manufacturers who are responsible for their image. Our online store presents models that differ in their modifications and functionality. We are talking about both Russian and foreign boilers with automatic coal supply.

The price of an automatic coal boiler in the online store will delight you with its loyalty. Our company is official dealer represented manufacturers, so you won’t encounter unreasonable markups with us.

An automatic coal boiler has a lot of advantages, namely:

• dosed supply of coal;
• increased burning time after one load;
• automatic system that shuts down the device when it overheats;
• sophisticated technologies that improve traction and thermal conductivity.

It is also worth noting that boilers of this category do not require special service. According to experts, one annual routine inspection and cleaning is sufficient to keep equipment in good condition.

Automatic coal boilers

Detailed description, photos and prices for a solid fuel automatic coal boiler are available in the online store catalog. If you need Additional Information O technical features specific boiler, operating conditions or delivery times, call the specified phone numbers and you will receive quick answers to all your questions.

You can also buy a coal-fired automatic boiler in St. Petersburg and Moscow in the company’s stores, where they will not only demonstrate everything to you clearly, but will also advise you on issues of interest.

1. Automatic boiler "Yamal" long burning
2. Coal boiler "Barin" with automatic feed
3. Solid fuel automatic boiler "Carborobot"

The problem of organizing automatic supply of solid fuel has always worried the developers of solid fuel boilers. If in the case of firewood it is quite problematic to organize it, then when using coal and pellets the situation looks more realistic. Today in our review we will look at the most popular automatic coal boilers, and how they implement a mechanism for delivering fuel to the combustion zone.

Automatic feeding of pellets is most often done using a soft or hard auger. Coal can be delivered to the furnace using a screw conveyor only if its fractions are sufficiently small in size and homogeneous, but most often this is not the case. Today we will look at several coal boilers, in which the mechanism for automatically supplying fuel from the bunker to the combustion chamber is implemented in different ways.

Anyone who has heated their home with coal knows about main problem of this fuel, preventing the organization of its automatic supply to the solid fuel boiler. Usually its fractions differ in size, hence automation of supply in the form in which it is implemented, for example, in pellet boilers, becomes impossible. The developers of the Yamal automatic coal boiler solved this problem by using completely new way feeder, capable of working effectively even with fractions of different sizes.

Photo 1: Domestic coal-fired boiler "Yamal" with automatic feed

The essence of this method, like everything ingenious, is extremely simple. Inside the bunker with inclined walls there is a conveyor that picks up pieces of coal and raises them higher and higher. At the highest point there is a gear crusher, which passes fractions of suitable size, and those that are larger either break apart on its teeth or fall back into the hopper. As you can see, the mechanism does not contain complex structures and even if it fails, anyone can get it working with their own hands.

The operation of the Yamal boiler is fully automated. Fuel supply, ignition, slag discharge, power adjustment - all these processes occur automatically under the supervision of an electronic control unit. When the fuel bunker is completely filled and the diesel burner is charged, the coal boiler is capable of independently heating the room for 20 days.

The manufacturing company produces three Yamal models of different power. Below are their main technical data:

Taking into account the fact that the pellets have not yet been received wide use in our country, a robotic coal heater is perhaps the only one affordable way organize an autonomous heating system using solid fuel in our country. We talked in more detail about the long-burning automatic coal boiler “Yamal” in one of our previous reviews.

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In the Barin solid fuel boiler, the automatic supply is organized in a slightly different way. Here the hopper is located above the boiler and the coal falls into the combustion chamber under the influence of gravity. Its caking on the walls of the fuel tank is prevented by a collapser system.

Having passed through the shaft connecting the firebox and the bunker, surrounded by a water jacket, the coal ends up on water-filled grates, where it is burned. The design of the shaft makes it possible to pre-dry the fuel so that it can be burned more efficiently in the furnace of the Barin boiler. Hollow grates are filled with coolant both to increase the heat removal area and to prevent coal from burning to their surface. Directly below them is the first compartment of the ash pan, in which mostly fine ash accumulates.

The burnt coal is pushed into the second compartment of the ash pan using a scissor mechanism. In the path of the flue gases, which still contain unburned fuel particles, there is a secondary combustion chamber lined with fireclay bricks. Here, high-temperature afterburning of gases occurs, after which they pass through a tubular heat exchanger system and are discharged into environment through the chimney.

The boiler operation is controlled and monitored by an automatic control system. It supports the combustion process required level, controls temperature and pressure, and also performs many other functions. The owner’s task comes down to setting the necessary operating parameters once, and then only adding coal to the hopper and periodically cleaning the ash pans.

The table below shows some technical characteristics of the Barin automatic boiler:

You can learn more about the design, operation, advantages and disadvantages of the automatic coal-fired heating boiler “Barin” from a special review on our website kotlydlyadoma.ru dedicated to this model.

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Coal boilers "Carborobot" are available in two modifications: Classic and Classic Bio. The first is intended for burning exclusively brown coal, while the second can also use various biomass, such as wood chips, pellets, and husks.

Structurally, this unit consists of a main body with a firebox and a heat exchanger, on top of which a fuel hopper is mounted. Inside, the steel body is divided into two parts by a partition, in which there is an opening through which hot gases from the front part enter the rear.

The first compartment of the Carborobot boiler is located directly under the bunker and consists of a combustion chamber and a spacious ash pan. The fuel combustion process occurs on a rotating cast-iron drum, and the resulting ash falls into the ash box.

In the second compartment, located behind the first, there is a tubular heat exchanger. Passing through it, flue gases give up their energy to the coolant and are then released into the atmosphere.

The entire boiler operation process is controlled electronically through several motors. At her command, the stepper motor turns the grate drum, dumping the burnt fuel into the ash pan and feeding a new portion from the hopper. The smoke exhauster engine creates forced draft, directing hot gases into the chimney through a heat exchanger.

In one of the recent reviews on our website, we looked at the Russian coal boiler “Prometheus” with automatic feeding, which is like two peas in a pod like the “Carborobot” both in internal structure and externally.

The table below presents the technical characteristics of household boilers "Carborobot" Classic:

In addition to the above, watch a short video about the Carborobot coal boiler:

Return to contents Conclusion

Having analyzed several models of automatic boilers, we can draw some conclusions. Most models are demanding on the size of coal fractions and are capable of operating autonomously for a long time only when loaded with fuel of the required quality. Therefore, if you have a reliable supplier of fine-grained coal, you can safely buy a coal automatic machine for heating your home.

kotlydlyadoma.ru

Types and features of automatic solid fuel boilers

The absence of a gas pipe in a country village is the reason that the heating system of houses will be based on other types of fuel: electricity, solid fuel or liquid. Traditionally, consumers choose solid fuel boilers, considering them more reliable, and the fuel used in them is accessible and cheap. True, such boilers have two drawbacks: you have to constantly monitor the loading of the firebox and turn off the unit if you leave the house for several days. Both problems are quite serious, but they can be solved by using automatic solid fuel boilers.

The one who invented the design of this unit himself probably suffered for a long time, using in his own home solid fuel boiler. The new product took root immediately on the market. Firstly, the economic side of the matter was fully respected. Secondly, this type boilers work very efficiently. Thirdly, the issue has finally been resolved manual labor.

A variety of automatic solid fuel boilers

• Traditional type. These are ordinary boilers operating on solid fuel, the automation of which is manually adjusted. The air supply to the combustion chamber is regulated using a damper, the same can be said for the fuel supply, the temperature regime is set manually. These boilers have a big advantage - they can operate on any type of solid fuel.
• Combined option. In this design, various devices are installed that support the combustion mode of a particular type of fuel. In some models, each type of fuel has its own combustion chamber, while in others the firebox will have to be modified. For example, installing a burner.
• Pyrolysis heating devices are a unique design that uses technology to extract thermal energy not only from fuel combustion, but also from gas removed during the combustion process. In essence, these are automatic long-burning solid fuel boilers, where solid fuel does not burn, but smolders. These are by far the most expensive, but very popular heating devices. They have a fairly high efficiency factor - 90%. The only thing that sometimes repels consumers is the energy dependence of the boiler. But its functionality is at the highest level, all processes are carried out automatically. We can say that pyrolysis boilers are a modern approach to solving problems associated with heating a private home by automating the control and regulation of combustion processes.

Mono-boiler with built-in bunker

Attention! The operation of a pyrolysis boiler in the established mode can vary from one day to a whole month. But in this case, setting a certain mode does not depend on the design of the boiler itself and not on its functions, but on the volume of the bunker into which solid fuel is poured.

Currently, in specialized stores, consumers can choose units of different power. This figure varies between 10-250 kW. The same thing about variety can be said about fuel. There are pellets, coal granules of different sizes, sawdust, splinters, and so on.

Operating principle of the boiler

An automatic solid fuel boiler is the same ordinary boiler with a small addition in the form of a bunker, which is a kind of warehouse from where fuel is automatically supplied to the furnace of the heating unit. Therefore, experts pay special attention to the installation process of all parts. Full and exact compliance with the instructions is required. If the installation process is carried out at the highest level, then we can talk about high-quality long-term operation of the automatic solid fuel boiler. Principle of operation

It is clear without words that only granular types of solid fuel can be fed into the combustion chamber through the bunker. It will obviously be impossible to use firewood here. But this is not a problem either. Wood pellets are inexpensive and can be found in almost all stores today. Although many models of automatic solid fuel boilers can use small wood waste in the form of chips or sawdust. But be careful, the product passport indicates whether they can be used or not. Because manufacturers put forward their own special requirements for each model.

Why are the requirements different? The thing is that the size of the supplied fuel particles, as well as their technical characteristics (humidity, density), play a special role. Some automatic models Even the smallest pieces of wood can be easily accepted; in some, medium sizes can be used. This is an important component of effective and long term work boilers

Fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber using a screw, which is rotated by a small electric motor. The bunker can be located as a separate unit, or be integrated in the same building with the boiler. The most common unit currently used is a solid fuel pellet boiler.

What are pellets

These are fuel pellets that are made from waste wood, peat, agricultural products (straw, corn cobs, chicken manure and other things). These are crushed materials described above, which are pressed into cylindrical granules of a certain size. The size of the pellets determines the possibility of passing them through the screw hole into the boiler furnace.

Pellets

By the way, for information: to produce one ton of granulated pellets, it is necessary to process from 2.3 to 2.6 m³ of wood. Plus, the production process itself requires thermal energy, which is released by burning another cubic meter of sawdust. Pellets are packaged in paper bags; the volume of the bags can vary from 2 to 20 kg.

How are pellets different from regular firewood? Their humidity is 8-12%, for firewood it is at least 15%. The density is one and a half times higher. All this ensures high heat transfer of the fuel, even if it does not burn, but smolders.

Construction of a solid fuel boiler

Automation

In automatic solid fuel boilers, the automation system performs several very important functions:

• The temperature is set and controlled regardless of the weather conditions outside.
• Ignition in most models is also automatic.
• Supply of pellets depending on the set operating mode of the boiler.

But cleaning and cleaning the combustion chamber will have to be done manually. This is not difficult, especially since the process itself is carried out once a week.

Pyrolysis boiler

Currently, manufacturers of automatic solid fuel boilers offer different types automatic systems that can:

• Manage all processes remotely.
• Set the temperature regime for several days, weekly, hourly, and so on. The smaller the mode setting step, the more modern the automation is used in the boiler, the more expensive the unit itself.

Requirements for organizing the operation of solid fuel boilers

• A separate room for the boiler room, which meets all fire safety requirements.
• Well-functioning ventilation system.
• The boiler is installed on solid foundation(foundation or pedestal).
• The surrounding structures of the solid fuel boiler must be built from non-combustible materials or sheathed with them.
• Correctly install the chimney to certain standards required by the unit model.

Correct installation

By the way, the chimney needs to be given special attention. It is its competent installation that guarantees that the automatic solid fuel boiler will operate efficiently, correctly and for a long time. That's why:

1. The chimney pipe must be made of heat-resistant material that can withstand metal corrosion processes.
2. Optimal dimensions: diameter – 180 mm, length 4.0 m.
3. The chimney must be insulated.
4. Required device inspection holes. The thing is that when solid fuel is burned, a large amount of soot is deposited on the chimney, which reduces the cross-section of the pipe. And this is the reason for the decrease in traction. So you will have to manually clean the chimney periodically. This process is unpleasant, but very necessary.

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otepleivode.ru

Types and features of automation for solid fuel boilers

It is impossible to imagine any heating equipment associated with heating residential premises without automation. Equipping heating devices with certain mechanisms, devices and devices not only increases the efficiency of boiler equipment, but also ensures the safe operation of boiler equipment. A solid fuel heating boiler, although it is a high-tech device today, just like other types of heating devices, needs to be equipped with automation.

In comparison with classic solid fuel boilers, heating units produced today are highly automated devices. Automatic solid fuel boilers cope with their tasks without human intervention. During the periods between fuel fills, the entire system is completely autonomous and independent, providing the output with an optimal temperature regime in the house and hot water supply. Let's take a closer look at what automation is for heating solid fuel units.

The main functions assigned to automation

Before installing a solid fuel boiler, you should carefully study the principle of its operation and control mechanisms. Studying the processes of the operating cycle of a heating device will allow you to understand how the devices and mechanisms that control the heating system work. What is automation for solid fuel boilers today, and what are its main functions.

The automation is assigned the following functional tasks:

• ensuring optimal temperature conditions in the heating circuit;
• performing a monitoring function over the operation of the pump and three-way valve in the mixture circuit;
• ensuring control over the operation of the circulation pump on the main heating circuit;
• control of water heating temperature in the DHW system;
• provide switching on/off of the three-way valve;
• boiler equipment automation is a set of equipment together with a room thermostat.

The diagram shows the usual wiring of an autonomous heating system with installed automation.

Automation of many processes when operating heating devices using solid fuel makes it possible to achieve significant savings in fuel resources and free the inhabitants of the house from the function of a stoker. Today, automation is a set of complex and energy-intensive devices, each of which solves a specific range of problems and issues.

An automatic boiler is a unit that is capable of operating entirely autonomously, from adding fuel to adjusting the heating temperature.

For reference: All processes, starting with fuel loading, ignition and control over turning on and off, are done automatically. Without your participation. The presence of sensors and controllers allows the system to respond to a changing situation. Based on the parameters you set, the boiler operates in the set modes.

What types of automation are there?

Capabilities of modern electronic devices included in the set of work control equipment heating device are quite wide, allowing you to customize the devices in accordance with your own priorities and desires. In most cases, the set of modern complex heating devices includes:

• a computer that controls the heating device;
• fan or air turbine.

Today it is possible to equip conventional semi-automatic solid fuel units of almost any type automatic block control type Comfort Eco. A semi-automatic solid fuel boiler equipped with such a kit can already perform most of the processes independently. Sensors regulate the heating temperature of the coolant and the state of draft. All information appears on the screen. A conventional pyrolysis boiler or long-burning unit with automation becomes an order of magnitude more convenient to use and safer.

If everything is more or less clear with electronics, then the mechanical part should be dealt with in more detail. There is a classification of automation in terms of autonomy. IN in this case it is customary to distinguish:

• automation, energy-dependent - powered by electricity;
• automation, non-volatile, which does not require connection to the electrical network.

In the first case, the operability of the main devices is only possible when the devices are connected to the power supply. To improve the safety of such devices, autonomous system heating system is equipped with a UPS. The first option looks preferable, since network-powered automation has greater functionality.

The second case is focused on greater autonomy. Such options are very convenient in situations where there are frequent power outages, and the heating device is configured to work independently without unnecessary electronics.

Important! If your boiler is configured properly and operates autonomously, without additional means of monitoring and monitoring the temperature, you need to visit the boiler room more often.

Advantages of boiler equipment equipped with automation

The first thing that any heating equipment owner draws attention to is the ability of the heating device to independently regulate the heating temperature of the main heating circuit. Previously, everything was done manually. I closed the damper, the temperature began to drop, and vice versa, I opened the vent, the boiler began to work more intensely, and the temperature rose.

Modern automatic long-burning solid fuel boilers are capable of operating without human intervention for a long time (up to 48 hours), independently regulating all processes. It is only important for you to set the required temperature conditions inside the living space. Thermal sensors react to changes in room temperature by sending a signal to the central control panel. From there, a command is sent to turn on special supercharging fans, which provide the combustion process with air.

Following important advantage What automation gives solid fuel boilers is the independence of the heating device in operation. Now there is no need to turn off the boiler when leaving and wait for it to completely cool down; the heating system must be drained to prevent it from defrosting.

Today the situation has changed radically. Using automation, you can adjust the operation of the heating unit in the minimum (maintenance) mode. In other words: You set your boiler to a specific temperature. While you are not at home, the boiler works to maintain minimum temperatures in the system. In order for the heating device to start at maximum speed, it is enough to set a timer. You arrive, and your house is warm.

In the case of arson of solid fuel, the situation is generally simplified. A person is absolutely not needed for this. At the specified time, the electric ignition will work and the boiler will start working.

The main emphasis in the latest models is on achieving the safest operating mode. Solid fuel units equipped with automatic monitoring devices are capable of regularly conducting self-diagnosis, identifying malfunctions in the operation of one or another element. For a solid fuel boiler, fast response remains important. The faster the devices and the system react to an emergency situation, an increase in pressure in the system, a sharp jump in temperature, the faster the system will stop in automatic mode.

Solid fuel boilers with automatic feed

It is especially worth dwelling on the category of solid fuel heating devices that are equipped with devices and mechanisms that facilitate the work of the fireman. We are talking about a type of boiler equipment such as a solid fuel boiler equipped with an automatic fuel supply mechanism. Whole line Modern heating units are equipped with special devices with the help of which fuel is constantly loaded into the combustion chamber. Such devices are called pellet devices, because pellets go into the firebox - small, flammable granules made from wood waste.

Boilers with automatic fuel supply are considered one of the most efficient. The efficiency in such a device reaches 80-85%, due to the most complete combustion of fuel and automation of the process itself. Such equipment provides the necessary comfort, cleanliness and coziness in the house during operation. Solid fuel is carefully poured into the bunker and from there it is fed by a screw mechanism into the combustion chamber.

Note: in pellet units, automation regulates not only the intensity of air supply to the burner, but also the number of pellets entering the firebox. There are pellets on the burner, the unit is working, there are no pellets, the heating device turns off.

Solid fuel heating boilers, in addition to automatic fuel supply, are also equipped with a device that allows you to clean the ash pan without using human hands.

Automation installation

If you can install the boiler and lay the pipeline for the autonomous heating system yourself, then when equipping the heating device with control and automation devices, the services of a specialist will be required. Automation for solid fuel boilers requires careful and precise adjustment. The process of installing and directly configuring the equipment is complex and painstaking. Therefore, saving in this case is not worth it.

The first thing that specialists pay attention to when starting installation of equipment is the installation of a ventilation system, the basis of which is a fan. The equipment is installed at the bottom of the heating device, in the place where a conventional damper is located. The fan is attached firmly enough so that it does not get torn out of place during operation. The next step is installing the controller. For a wood-burning boiler, such a device will become a real find. Typically, the controller is a heating unit control unit, which automatically contains various operating algorithms. The main thing here is to correctly place the sensors and make adjustments. After setup, the system is connected to the power supply, and the first test run of the heating device is made.

In custody

Recently, more and more, the market of boiler equipment operating on solid fuels has been replenished with advanced instruments and control systems. Not only foreign boiler models, but also most domestic manufacturers today rely on equipping heating devices with automation.

The control unit, which has a liquid crystal display, copes well with the tasks assigned to it. Now heating devices are not only easy to operate, they practically do not need to be monitored. Fine tuning of all elements of the control system will allow high accuracy react heating equipment to the slightest changes in temperature. Now your unit is not afraid of either overheating or defrosting.

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Long-burning Defro coal boilers: overview of characteristics

Every owner of a solid fuel heating device is always looking for an opportunity to save on fuel and automate its loading. Solid fuel boilers are usually very demanding on the quality and size of raw materials, and they have to be loaded manually several times a day. Taking into account all these shortcomings, designers from Poland designed a model of a heating boiler that runs on coal of the lowest grade, which is also fed into the firebox automatically. In this article we will look at Defro automatic boilers, their advantages, characteristics and design features.

Defro has been producing solid fuel heating boilers for almost 50 years. Today it is the leader in the production of heating equipment in Poland, occupying 70% of the market. Its line includes both classic boilers without automation and fully automatic systems that can function autonomously for a long time. In our review, we will not touch on traditional devices, but will consider only models with automatic feeding.

The main problem when heating with wood or coal is that it is necessary to constantly add new portions of fuel to the boiler as it burns out. It is not possible to organize an automatic supply of firewood due to their different calibers and large sizes. With coal, the situation seems simpler, but the same heterogeneity of coal fractions prevents the organization of autonomous operation.

The only one possible variant This is the use of fine-grained coal “peas” or low-quality coal slabs. It was this type of fuel that Defro focused on in the production of coal boilers.

To supply coal from the bunker to the firebox, a special piston mechanism was developed that pushes it through the connecting channel. Having passed through the supply system, a portion of fuel falls on a plate made of heat-resistant steel, along the entire area of ​​which there are holes for air supply. The air mixture is forced under the plate by a fan located at the rear of the boiler.

At the top of the combustion chamber there is a ceramic plate that provides afterburning of gases. After this, having passed through a complex labyrinth of a steel heat exchanger and giving maximum energy to the coolant, the exhaust gases are discharged into chimney through the chimney pipe.

Defro hot water boilers can operate in the following modes:

All processes occurring in the boiler are controlled by the controller. It regulates power, fuel supply, water temperature and pressure in the heating circuit, as well as many other parameters.

In this case, the controller takes on only the task of monitoring the combustion intensity and the state of the heating system. Fuel supply is carried out manually. In this case, it is possible to use different sizes of coal or firewood.

The controller is completely disabled. The air supply is manually regulated by a mechanical damper. The owner must also control other parameters of the heating system. Typically, this mode is used only during a short-term power outage.

Technical characteristics of automatic heating boilers Defro AKM:

As you can see, the Defro water heating boiler is not just a solid fuel heater, but an intelligent system that can function almost autonomously. It already bears little resemblance to a traditional heating device, such as the Dakon domestic coal-fired boiler.

In addition to the flagship Defro AKM line, several varieties are also available:

It consists of two combustion chambers located one above the other and separated by water-filled grates. The upper chamber is used for burning coal or wood manually, and the lower chamber is equipped with a burner for automatic operation.

A series of low-power automatic coal boilers. Available in 5 standard sizes, with power from 11 to 27 kW. Structurally, they consist of two chambers: for automatic and manual operation.

Universal model with new burner. In addition to coal, it is also capable of working effectively on pellets, husks and other waste from woodworking and agriculture.

When designing the Defro AKM water heating boiler, many innovative solutions were used. Let's look at their advantages over classic direct combustion boilers:

• A complex-shaped heat exchanger made of high-quality heat-resistant steel ensures maximum heat removal;
• The use of high-tech devices at the combustion and heat removal stage allows achieving efficiency of up to 87%;
• An effective emergency extinguishing system that does not require power;
• The large combustion chamber is equipped with cast iron grates for manual operation, for example when the power supply is turned off;
• A modern control system can monitor and control the operation of not only the boiler itself, but also underfloor heating, hot water supply, and radiators;
• A reliable fuel supply system performs its task stably and silently;

In one of our previous reviews, we looked at the Prometheus automatic hot water boiler. However, the Polish "Defro" is more perfect system, which has a wide range of capabilities and adjustments.

We talked about the design, capabilities and advantages of Defro long-burning boilers. Now let's find out what the owners think about them, having already assessed the capabilities of these devices in real conditions:

When planning a heating system for your country cottage I looked at several models of automatic heating boilers and eventually settled on the Defro AKM DUO. On this moment I use crushed fine coal in it, the burner burns it normally, there are no cakes. The only point is that the coal needs to be dry. If you use it wet, the heat transfer is significantly reduced. I tried to heat it with wood in manual mode: a full firebox of birch wood burns out in 3 hours, although there is a high inertia.

Ivan Sergeevich, Omsk
Photo 4: Small low-power coal boiler with hopper “Defro AKM Mini”

Defro AKM in your a private house I purchased it quite recently, I just installed it and tied it up, and started doing some small fireworks. I would like to say the following about the boiler: it is made of very high quality and looks attractive. Lots of settings and modes, it’s hard to figure it out right away. As fuel I use grade D coal with fractions of 0-30 mm. According to first impressions, it burns very well, the burning interval between feeds was chosen as optimal as 3 minutes, and the blowing was set to 40%. The temperature in the heating system rises quickly. The main feature of the Defro burner is that it does not bake cakes - the output is simply ash.

Oleg Viktorovich, St. Petersburg
Photo 5: Installation and connection of the automatic boiler “Defro” in the boiler room

For a long time while choosing between coal and pellets, I came across a boiler with a universal burner Defro AKM Uni. I tried to heat it with coal, but after stopping the floor of the bunker, I still couldn’t find it optimal settings so that there are no cakes. I tried to mix coal with pellets 50/50, there were no cakes - normal ash. In short, I’ll figure it out and set it up. Easy to clean, everything is accessible. It is better to do this with a special vacuum cleaner; the procedure goes much faster.

Valery Pavlovich, Moscow

For more information about Defro brand boilers, see the following video:

Defro boilers with automatic coal supply are a new generation of solid fuel heating devices. In our country they are not yet particularly popular, mainly due to their high cost. Prices for some models exceed half a million rubles. Agree, not everyone can buy such a device. And in most cases, for many country houses, so common in our country, a simple and inexpensive model is suitable, such as a steel heating boiler with hob"Siberia Hephaestus".

The problem of the lack of a convenient centralized or gas heating industrial, residential and utility premises has long been resolved: to replace stationary brick kilns New generation equipment has arrived - automatic coal boilers.

Varieties

When the question arises about choosing suitable equipment for heating a house with solid fuel, the following are taken into account: important points: combustion method, material of manufacture and method of coal supply.

All units operate on solid coal.

Combustion type

Thus, a distinction is made between direct and long-burning boilers. Direct or bottom-up combustion is based on the principle of air circulation from the bottom of the combustion chamber. In this case, the fuel begins to burn from below. In the case of long-term combustion, the fuel is burned from above.

The direct combustion mechanism is very simple: the boiler is ignited and coal is manually fed into the chamber. Combustion air enters through the holes (grids) from below - this helps the fire to cover the lower layers of coal well and move it upward. In a long-burning unit, fuel is placed in a chamber and only then is the top layer ignited. Air is supplied from above through a special system.

This combustion method is economical and requires 2 times less loading than in the case of direct combustion.

However, coal-fired units are very picky about the quality of the fuel: it must be dry and slightly caking, and refueling can only be done when the first portion has burned out.

Classification by material

Coal-fired boilers can be made of special boiler steel and cast iron. Steel is not resistant to corrosion and burns out faster, but its maintainability has become an advantage of systems made from this material.

Cast iron, on the contrary, has an impressive service life, resists corrosion, but is also very fragile. This makes it very difficult to repair cast iron boilers and requires replacement of worn parts. Therefore, sometimes these materials are combined during manufacturing. For example, the body is made of steel, and the combustion chamber is made of cast iron.

Classification by delivery method

Boilers are divided into units with classical, semi-automatic and automatic fuel supply. Classic feeding is manual loading into the chamber, which requires the constant presence of the user to maintain the desired temperature. These units are inexpensive, but the high consumption of material and short smoldering time make the benefits minimal.

Semi-automatic boilers are equipped with microprocessors and a fan. All this gives an increase in working time on one load with the allocation required quantity heat.

Automatic coal boilers are equipped with a system microprocessor control fan and automatic shutdown sensors when the water temperature is exceeded. There are also built-in monitoring and control sensors safety valve from fire, temperature sensors.

When a signal is received from the temperature sensor, the fuel is automatically filled with water - this eliminates a fire hazard. Fuel consumption is reduced by up to 50%, which in turn reduces the formation of ash by almost 3 times. Therefore, despite the high price, these boilers are very economical and reliable in operation, fully justifying the investment.

An automatic coal boiler uses a belt-gear drive mechanism to supply fuel, which is controlled by an electric motor. The mechanism is equipped with a belt for transporting fuel and a container into which it is poured.

If it is necessary to clean the unit, the bottom of the chamber is opened and the collection of solid unburned residues is placed in a container.

The automatic type coal heating system uses the operating principle of a conveyor. The heating material falls onto the conveyor belt and is fed into the chamber. How the movement mechanism works depends on the temperature of the water in the system. The temperature is recorded by a sensor and transmitted to microprocessor unit management.

When the temperature drops, the conveyor belt begins to move and fuel is supplied to the chamber. Ash removal is also an automated process.

Models for industrial enterprises can work autonomously for a month, while domestic boilers have small bunkers and can only work independently for 2-3 days.

Work process

So, the heating process with an automatic boiler and coal as fuel consists of several stages:

• coal is manually poured into the bunker. The number of bookmarks and the time of continuous operation of the system depend on the capacity of the bunker;
• The fuel is transferred into the chamber automatically by a screw feed. The gearbox is powered by an electric motor;
• fuel is squeezed into the chamber and air is supplied under pressure;
• combustion occurs in thin layers, reducing the amount of soot and unburnt particles, but if necessary, the boiler will automatically remove ash.

How to choose?

When choosing, you should pay attention to the following points:

• fraction of the coal used - equipment operating on fractions up to 80 mm is less demanding;
• possibility of use various types fuel;
• dimensions, volume and rated power of the tank;
• electric motor voltage - for home it is advisable to use systems operating on a voltage of 220 volts;
• System efficiency – for equipment industrial type it is up to 81% with simultaneous heating of areas up to 3500 m2.

Peculiarities

An automatic domestic coal boiler still requires human intervention: fill the tank, mechanically remove the ash and monitor the uninterrupted supply of electricity. But even in this case, they are an excellent alternative to all other types of heating equipment.

The problem is frequent breakdowns working mechanism, which require expensive repairs. In addition, downtime in operation leads to cooling of the house (heated room).

Usage

This type of equipment is most often used for heating a private home. It is mounted into the system in a special way, while observing a number of requirements:

• the area of ​​the boiler room must be more than 7 m2, and all rooms of the house must be provided with air flow;
• floor coverings of the house must be non-flammable;
• the boiler should be located at a distance of 0.5 meters from the walls of the boiler room, and put under it a metal sheet, which will also protect against fire;
• chimneys must have the required cross-sectional diameter in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations;
• It is better to insulate the electric motor and automation systems from any heat.

Thus, coal boilers are an excellent alternative to established heating systems for a private home.

At the moment, an automatic coal boiler has ceased to be a rarity, and has earned a reputation as an autonomous and reliable heating equipment that can compete with pellet stations.

How do automated coal boilers work?

The operating principle is as follows:


The microprocessor controller is the “heart and brain” of the coal boiler. But, uninterrupted operation depends on several more elements of the system. Important role played by a coal burner and a bunker - a coal dispenser.

If the technical characteristics of the automatic coal boiler are selected correctly, there will be no soot residues at the chimney outlet, and the smoke temperature will remain within 150°C.

Operating principle of a coal burner

The main tasks of the burner are as follows:

1. Provide optimal conditions for complete combustion of fuel with a minimum amount of waste.
2. Ensure that the flame is maintained for maximum heat transfer.
3. Prevent excessive coal consumption by optimizing fuel metering.

Manufacturers use two types of burners, depending on what kind of coal is used for automatic feed boilers:

When choosing a household automatic coal boiler, take into account the features of the future operation of the device, in particular, the type and size of the fuel fraction. The type of burner depends on this parameter.

To automate the supply of fuel to a coal boiler, a microprocessor controller is used, which is practically a mini computer. Install on the burner optical sensor, monitoring the presence of flame. When it fades, a signal is given to re-ignite.

The controller connects to several room thermostats to automatic control boiler The heating temperature of the coolant changes depending on the readings of the sensors. Modern models use weather-dependent automation, which allows you to change the boiler settings, taking into account the ambient temperature.

Coal enters the burner in a precisely measured portion, after which it burns. A signal is sent from the burner device to the controller, which starts the movement of the fuel conveyor. A new portion of coal is supplied to the burner and the fans are turned on. Depends on the coordination of actions high efficiency boiler, accounting for 87%.

The minimum technical requirements for the burner control system are: accuracy of supply of coal portions, the ability to automatically control the combustion process. The modulation of the device should be from 30-100%.

Construction of a coal metering bunker

The loading hopper is designed as a metal storage facility with a screw conveyor installed below. The design contains several important components that prevent coal jamming in the auger and fuel caking.

To automate the supply of coal to the boiler, the following important components are used:

• Automatic coal crusher - burner device and screw conveyor, designed for the use of fuel of a certain fraction (up to 25 mm). The rock is poured into a special successor, with a coal crusher installed. After grinding, the fuel enters a moving conveyor.
• Coal breaker - a special device is installed in the bunker to prevent the stored coal from clumping into lumps, which ensures a uniform supply of the fraction to the auger and prevents it from jamming.
• The feed gear motor drives the conveyor and drives the electric drive of the auger. Depending on the model, the electricity consumption required for operation is 130-180 W. The electric drive is connected to the automation, turned on and off according to a signal from the controller.
• Fuel storage - solid fuel automatic coal boilers with a bunker, there are several types. The first ones are connected to a mechanized, free-standing storage facility. The advantage of this solution is the almost complete absence of time restrictions in the autonomous operation of heating equipment.
  The storage capacity is sufficient for the boiler to operate without stopping for the entire heating season. Automatic coal-fired heating boilers with a built-in bunker do not require modification of a separate room for mechanized storage. The capacity of the fuel tank in a bunker coal boiler is enough for 3-7 days.
• Batch drum - screw transmission does not feed coal directly to the burner, as is the case with. To begin with, a portion of fuel is loaded into a special portion drum. After a signal is given from the controller, the drum begins to spin. A portion of fuel is poured onto the burner in an even thin layer. After the coal burns out, the automation gives a second signal and the process repeats.

What coal is suitable for automatic boilers?

The main requirements for fuel quality for all water-heating solid fuel heating boilers with fully automated system coal supply are:

1. Eco-pea fuel grade.
2. The recommended fraction size is from 5 to 25 mm.
3. The amount of small particles is no more than 60%.

Optimally meets the requirements described above, packaged coal in bags. But if purchasing ready-made fractional fuel is not economically feasible, it is permissible to use special crushers.

By passing coal through a crushing device, you can obtain a large amount of coal of a strictly defined fraction. The disadvantage of the solution is a large amount of dust and small particles. The resulting composition is burned exclusively on an AKM burner.

How to choose an automatic coal-fired boiler

The selection of a heating boiler is carried out based on the following thermal parameters:

• Degree of automation - modern bunker automatic coal heating boilers, equipped with a microprocessor controller. At the buyer's request, heating equipment equipped with a self-cleaning and remote control system.
  After installing the GSM module, the boiler’s operation is controlled using any mobile device. The new generation controller is capable of automatically supporting multiple heating circuits: radiator heating and “warm” floors.
• Fuel storage capacity - usually, the bunker is designed in such a way as to ensure autonomous operation of the boiler for 3-7 days.
• Productivity - calculation is performed using the formula 1 kW = 10 m².

Additionally, the degree of insulation of the device is taken into account. When using coal in a boiler room, there is a high probability of accumulation of combustible dust. Therefore, the control unit must have a degree of protection of at least IP 26.

Leading manufacturers of coal bunker boilers

Boilers remain the cheapest Russian production. At the same time, the models have high build quality, reliability and long term operation.

European boilers are offered in a premium class. The models are highly automated and functional.

The most popular are:

• German boilers – Roda, .
• Czech boilers – .
• Turkish models – Termodinamik, Emtas.
• Polish boilers – Stalmark, .

It is worth paying attention to the boilers ALTEP, TIS EKO, KAZ Kordi.

Asian solid fuel boilers are presented in a small range of products. Kentatsu models deserve attention; they differ in functionality, but are inferior in thermal characteristics and reliability to Russian and European analogues.

Cost of automatic boilers on coal

European analogues are more expensive, about 2-3 times. Boilers manufactured by Buderus and Roda will cost 350-500 thousand rubles. Piping heating equipment costs approximately 5-10% of the cost of the station.

Opinions about coal boilers with automatic fuel supply

Despite the many positive aspects: long battery life, high degree of safety, efficiency and reliability, boilers have several real disadvantages:

• Dependence on electricity - operating a boiler without electricity is impossible. After turning off the voltage, the screw transmission, the system of forced injection and removal of combustion products stops. To ensure the operation of the boiler, the connection to the electrical network is made through and.
• Dust deposits - burning coal has one significant drawback. During combustion and fuel supply, a large amount accumulates fine dust. Under a number of circumstances, small particles, having reached a certain concentration, can cause an explosion. Dust control when loading a bunker with coal includes the installation of special dust collectors. Regular wet cleaning will also be required.

Coal boilers are classified as solid fuel boilers. With their help, you can heat your house with coal or wood. Wherein modern models devices can operate in automatic mode. An automatic coal boiler independently controls the operating process and ensures efficient fuel combustion. A conventional coal-fired boiler operates without automation and is less efficient. How do coal boilers work, and what additional devices help them operate in automatic mode?

A coal stove or boiler is designed to produce heat by burning solid fuel. This heat is spent on heating the coolant (water or other liquid antifreeze), which subsequently enters the heating pipes. Heating with coal has the highest heat capacity among other solid energy sources (firewood, pellets). It is used for seasonal heating of private houses, as well as for the operation of boiler houses that heat several rooms. Modern systems often use for heating residential areas. natural gas. Coal heating is popular in small boiler houses that heat several houses, garages, workshops or other premises.

Coal-fired

Note: When burning coal, they form carbon monoxide, the temperature of which varies around 1300ºC. The efficiency (efficiency) of a classic coal boiler is only 70%. A significant part of the thermal energy is lost due to incomplete combustion of gases. In improved models of boilers for heating with coal, the operating efficiency is higher - 80 and 90%. They burn fuel more efficiently with less smoke and soot. Such boilers are called pyrolysis boilers.

Pyrolysis boilers

The pyrolysis unit has two combustion chambers. In the first, coal burns and carbon monoxide is formed, and in the second, the gases themselves burn (they are “afterburned,” that is, the unburned particles contained in them oxidize and release heat). In this case, no smoke is generated at the outlet of the device. Thus, the efficiency of heating with coal increases, the completeness of its combustion is ensured and its consumption (and therefore heating costs) is reduced. IN pyrolysis boilers Energy efficiency is 90-92%. At the same time, they are demanding on fuel moisture content (up to 30%).

Long burning boilers

Except pyrolysis devices, coal is used for heating. Their operating efficiency is less than pyrolysis boilers (80-85%), but better than classic coal boilers. In long-burning boilers, air is supplied exactly to the flame zone using a special blower. The intensity of fuel combustion and the temperature of the coolant depend on the amount of air, its temperature and flow rate.

Long-burning devices are demanding on the quality of fuel (coal must be dry). Otherwise, soot accumulates on the pipes, which reduces efficiency and disables the automation.

Conventional boilers for heating a house with coal have a minimum of automatic controllers. For their work it is necessary separate room- coal boiler house. Pyrolysis units and long-term combustion devices are equipped with automation. It provides control of operation and the absence of carbon monoxide, which allows them to be installed inside household premises. Which one ensures uninterrupted operation of heating units?

ABOUT solid fuel boilers long burning

Automatic boilers: design and advantages

Note: An automatic coal boiler differs from a conventional boiler in the presence of additional devices. Automatic controllers free people from the need for control, and also increase efficiency and reduce coal consumption and the amount of ash generated.

What does automation do:

• Control and supply of coal to the furnace. The design of the unit has a filling hopper with an auger (or drum) for automatic fuel supply. In this case, it is enough for a person to replenish the supply of coal in the bunker once every few days (from 3 to 10).
• Control and supply of air to the combustion zone. Controlled supply and preheating of the air mixture also ensures uniform fuel combustion and efficient operation of the device. An automatic unit has a fuel combustion efficiency of 90% (for comparison, a stationary coal stove has an efficiency of 60%, a classic boiler has an efficiency of 70%).
• Automatic ash discharge by movable grates.

The autonomous operating mode of the unit is determined by the specified parameters. The owner of the house sets the temperature for heating the liquid and the temperature inside the room. In accordance with them, the automation activates combustion or maintains smoldering mode (up to 5 days). Continuity of combustion allows ignition to be done once per heating season.

How does automation work? Based on an analysis of the temperature inside the boiler and in the coolant tank, the pressure value, commands are sent to the air supply controller. Increasing the rate of its supply or decreasing it leads to increased combustion or its weakening. Which in turn regulates the heating temperature of the liquid inside the heat exchanger.

Automatic controllers operate on electrical energy. Therefore, boilers with automation are called volatile. They require a source of electricity (socket, battery).

Defro automatic coal boiler range

Coal heating devices are 20-40% more expensive than wood heating devices. But the use of automation allows you to reduce heating costs. Customer reviews confirm that savings in coal consumption in some automatic boilers reach 50%. This makes coal heating beneficial for individual residential buildings, shops, workshops and other separate premises.

Boiler structure

Boilers for heating with coal have the following device:

• Coal firebox. At the bottom of the firebox there is a grate. In automatic boilers, turning the grate helps dump ash into the ash box (located below the combustion chamber). The size of the firebox depends on the presence of a bunker and automatic fuel supply. If there is such a supply, the size of the firebox may be small. If there is no supply, then the firebox must be large in order to accommodate as much coal as possible and increase its burning time.

• A heat exchanger is a container in which water circulates. Depending on the design of the heat exchange tank, boilers with a water jacket and tubular boilers are distinguished. In a “water jacket” design, water washes the combustion chamber. This is how most long-burning boilers are designed. In this case, the jacket itself is located along the entire firebox and goes down to the ash compartment. In a tubular design, water containers have the form of pipes that pass through the top of the firebox in a horizontal, vertical or inclined position.

• Automation and safety unit.

Coal and wood boiler: what is the difference?

The technical passport of solid fuel boilers indicates that they can operate on any type of solid fuel (wood, coal, pellets, briquettes). However, there are some differences between wood and charcoal units. Let's indicate them:

• The size of the heat exchanger capacity is determined by 5-25% of the capacity of the entire heating system. That is, if you have about 500 liters circulating in your heating pipes (that’s about 30 batteries, each of which contains 15 liters), then the capacity of the heating boiler should be from 23 to 120 liters. When choosing a more accurate container size, take into account the type of fuel on which the unit will operate. The greater the heat capacity of the energy carrier, the greater should be the volume of liquid that is heated inside the boiler. When heating with coal, the volume of the water tank is larger than when heating with wood. It approaches higher values ​​(in the case of the above example, 120 l). The small boiler capacity is suitable for wood heating.

• The combustion of coal is often accompanied by the formation large quantity carbon monoxide, the ejection of unburned particles into the pipe, their deposition on the walls and pipes in the form of soot. Unlike coal, firewood produces cleaner gases and produces less soot. Therefore, for safe and efficient heating For coal, it is better to use pyrolysis coal furnaces or long-term top-burning boilers.

Automatic coal boilers can reduce the cost of heating your home in winter and ensure autonomous heating operation. At the same time, automatic boilers produce a stable temperature and do not require daily monitoring and waste of time.

About heating using a Buderus boiler