What is the height of the basement of a one-story house. Height of the foundation above ground level (required balance). What affects the height of the foundation

It is known that concrete foundation of any type must rise some distance above the soil level. Thanks to this, it is possible to isolate the walls of the building from its foundation. This prevents the harmful effects of capillary processes that constantly replenish the building with soil moisture.

The foundation is in conditions high humidity almost constantly. This is facilitated by precipitation, groundwater, and melting. snow masses. Therefore, there must be some minimum height of the foundation above the ground, ensuring the safety and dryness of the walls.

What functions does the foundation of a building perform?

The foundation, raised above the soil level, not only serves as a support for the entire structure.

In addition to this main function, it also solves certain problems:

Height of the foundation of a wooden house

For wooden house a sufficient height of the base is especially important, since preventing rotting of the lower row of wood is an indispensable condition for building a house made of wood. Such a foundation can be made of concrete, brick, metal or wood. The type of foundation can be strip, pile or columnar.

An indispensable condition is high-quality waterproofing of the base. As mandatory waterproofing, you can use coating materials (bitumen mastic, cement-polymer based hydraulic mixture), as well as rolled materials(hydroizol, stekloizol, roofing felt).

The optimal height of the base is selected based on the climatic characteristics of the area. It usually exceeds the average snow depth by 10 cm. It is advisable to protect the foundation for a wooden house from dampness not only from below, but also from the sides. This can be done by wrapping ceramic tiles or clinker.

The higher the base of the house, the better its thermal insulation will be, and the longer it will last without complaints.

Height of strip foundation

According to the provisions of SNiP, the depth of the foundation is determined as follows:

• Freezing of non-heaving soil by 2 m or slightly heaving soil by 1 m - the foundation is buried 50 cm.
• Freezing of non-heaving soil by 3 m or slightly heaving soil by 1.5 m - the foundation is deepened to 75 cm.
• Freezing of non-heaving soil more than 3 m or slightly heaving soil by 2.5 m - the foundation is buried 100 cm.
• Freezing of slightly heaving soil by 3-3.5 m - the foundation is deepened to 150 cm.

Laying depth strip base depends very much on the level groundwater. When groundwater is located close to the surface, it is strictly not recommended to lay weakly buried foundations.

Regardless of the level of soil freezing and soil characteristics. Groundwater contributes not only to dampening of the foundation, but also to its sedimentation, distortion and gradual destruction.

How to calculate the height of a slab foundation?

Slab foundations are usually preferred to be erected on weak, unstable, heaving soils. Monolithic slab is able to withstand soil heaving and settlement without compromising the integrity of the entire structure. But this does not mean that it can be laid directly on the ground, that is, a non-buried foundation can be made. In some cases this is allowed, but only on rocky and non-heaving soils. In all other cases reinforced concrete slab must be buried to a certain level.

How high should the base of the house be and what does this indicator affect? How to determine optimal height plinth for a wooden house?

Many owners, when building a house with their own hands, doubt whether they should pay attention to the height of the base. Some even believe that it is enough to simply build the foundation to ground level, after which the walls can be erected.

In reality, this is not enough. It should be understood that to prevent the occurrence of capillary processes in them. The fact is that the humidity of the lower part of the house and the upper part can differ significantly due to the proximity of groundwater, snow melting and many other factors.

As a result, low-lying walls made of wood or porous materials will get wet, which will not only worsen their thermal insulation qualities, but also reduce the service life of the entire structure. The high base of the house will precisely prevent this process.

Standard height

The optimal height of the basement of a residential building is 35-40 cm. For wooden buildings it is better to make it higher - 50 - 90 cm. For buildings with basement floors, this value can reach two meters.

When determining the altitude, it is necessary to take into account climatic conditions, such as the average temperature level in heating season, amount of snow, etc.

Main functions

Now let’s look at all the functions that the above-ground part of the base of the house performs in order to understand what role its height plays:

Note!
The height of the base of a wooden house is especially important, since rotting lower crown is an eternal problem for houses made of logs and timber.
Therefore, it is necessary to build a foundation from damp-resistant materials.

The only disadvantage of a high base is that the cost of construction increases. Therefore, many developers, for reasons of economy, try to reduce it. However, such savings are not justified.

Types of socles

Depending on the types of foundation, the methods for constructing the plinth may vary.

Let's consider its design on two types of base:

• Tape;
• Swine.

On tape

In the first case, the following types of base are usually made:

• Monolithic - the above-ground and underground parts of the foundation are monolithic concrete wall. It is erected simultaneously with the pouring of the foundation.
• In the form of masonry - in this case, the foundation is erected to the ground level, after which the masonry is made of brick or other material. This design turns out to be less protected compared to monolithic wall, so it needs additional finishing.

On pile

As a rule, the greatest difficulty during construction is the construction of a plinth on a pile foundation. Its height is determined aboveground part piles

Depending on the type of device, such a base comes in two types:

• Hinged structure;
• On a shallow strip foundation.

The easiest and cheapest way is to make the first type of foundation. It is based on a sheathing, which is attached to piles along the perimeter of the building. It can be made from wooden beams or metal elements. Next, the sheathing is sheathed facing material, For example, .

Note!
Height columnar foundation should be at least 20 cm to prevent the possible impact of heaving soil on the building.

The second type of foundation is more difficult to manufacture and costly. Its principle is to arrange a strip foundation around the perimeter of the room, on top of which masonry is carried out. The advantages of this design include the fact that it insulates the structure much better.

In the photo - the base is covered with siding

Finishing the above-ground part of the base

Despite the fact that the high base itself performs a protective function, to make the structure more durable, it needs to be finished. This will prevent negative impact precipitation and, moreover, will make the building more beautiful. As an example, consider cladding with basement siding, as the most popular material.

Brief installation instructions are as follows:

• Work begins with preparing the walls - it is necessary to eliminate unevenness. If the geometry of the walls is severely disturbed, then it is more advisable to perform lathing than to level them.
• Then the starting strip is mounted, which is installed strictly horizontally, at a height of 40 mm above the lower point of the future cladding.
• Then the panel is installed in the guide bar and fixed with self-tapping screws.
• Next, a second panel is inserted and moved to the previous one. It is necessary to leave a small gap at the joints, which will allow the material to expand freely with temperature changes.
• Then the entire remaining area is sheathed in the same way.
• At the end of the work on the panels, a finishing strip is installed.

Advice!
To insulate the building, thermal insulation material can be laid under the cladding.

Now the lower part of the house is not afraid of any precipitation or other atmospheric phenomena.

Conclusion

From all of the above it follows that the higher the base, the less problems there will be in the future with heat leakage and the safety of the walls of the house. However, the height must be reasonable as it increases the cost of the structure. At the same time, it is necessary to take care of protecting the base itself by finishing it with reliable material.

For more information on this topic, watch the video in this article.

Base - rising above ground level outer wall, which is a kind of transition between the foundations and the facade of housing construction. This upper part of the building can serve as walls for basements, semi-basements and basements.

The design and construction of the basement of a building requires a thorough approach. Special attention deserves such a parameter as height. A base that is too low will not be able to protect living spaces from moisture penetration. This negatively affects the integrity and service life of the building and makes living impossible.

The height of the base depends on the following parameters:

• type of base;
• house construction project;
• characteristic features of the soil;
• the intended purpose of the basement, if provided.

Of no small importance are building regulations, which cannot be neglected.

The costs of building the foundation and plinth make up the majority of the estimate. And if the project does not provide for a basement, some believe that the base can be made flush with the ground. This, of course, allows you to save money at the construction stage, but inevitably harms the building itself. The basement is an essential part of houses in the construction of which moisture-sensitive materials are used.

The main function of the basement part of the building is to protect the facade from contact with the ground. A barrier to soil water, rising through capillaries from the base, becomes waterproofing, which is laid directly between the walls of the facade and the base.

Along with isolating the building from the effects of groundwater, the plinth is assigned the following functions:

• protection of the facade from pollution;
• protection of the casing from mechanical damage;
• compensation for shrinkage under the weight of the structure;
• insulation of basement floors from negative influences;
• ensuring complete ventilation and increasing thermal insulation qualities;

Besides, basement part gives the house aesthetic appeal and a complete look.

In order for the basement part of the building to perform all the functions assigned to it, it must have sufficient height. Otherwise, moisture will penetrate into residential premises, and the façade of the building will remain unprotected from pollution and mechanical stress.

According to building codes and regulations (SNiP), this parameter should not be less than 20 cm. This is the minimum indicator. It is better not to save money and build a base with a height of 30 to 40 cm. Structures built from wood are more susceptible to moisture, so the distance above ground level for the lower part should be at least half a meter and reach up to 90 cm.

The parameter from 20 to 90 cm is the recommended plinth height for buildings in the design of which there is no basement. If a house is being built with a basement, it can reach 2 meters. Calculate a more accurate indicator required height allows taking into account climatic conditions and average precipitation levels.

Doing this on your own is quite difficult, but possible. For this purpose, the average depth of snow cover over several years is calculated, and 10 cm is added to the resulting value. This data can be obtained by analyzing weather forecasts.

Main types of base

The construction of a high base leads to an increase in cost estimates. This is not a reason to save money. The main thing that outer wall, rising above ground level, was durable and had high performance properties.

The height indicator depends not only on the soil, foundation, project, but also on the position of the plinth relative to the facade wall. It can be made in one of the following options:

• Those who are sinking. The outer wall is located inside the façade. This option is suitable for buildings with fairly thick walls.
• Speakers. The base plane is moved forward. This solution is the only one possible option for buildings with thin walls and ground floor.
• Flush. The basement part of the building smoothly transitions into the facade, that is, both the upper and lower parts are located in the same plane.

Each type has its own characteristics, influencing what the base will be like.

How does the type of base affect the height?

A protruding base is the most expensive option, but is necessary in cases where the project provides for a usable basement. The height in this case should be maximum. Otherwise, it is impossible to achieve good thermal insulation characteristics. No savings in in this case it can not be.

For buildings that do not have a basement or ground floor, it is most advisable to choose a sinking option. The facade overhanging wall becomes ideal protection foundations of the house from mechanical damage and adverse atmospheric precipitation. The height of such a base is kept to a minimum. The higher it is, the lower the degree of protection.

Base height and foundation type

The basement part of the building on a low foundation (slab, strip, pile-strip) is made of bricks or blocks. The first option is less reliable. Blocks allow you to achieve more high level security.

Both plinth options require a high-quality finish that provides protective functions. If groundwater lies close, drainage is installed, and if it is low, a blind area is installed. The height of the plinth is made no less than the minimum recommended if there is no basement. The minimum figure is taken solely to save money.

The pile foundation can be low if the grillage is located directly at ground level, or elevated. The most unstable is columnar, requiring mandatory compensation for soil heaving. For this purpose, the height is made at least 20 cm.

The gaps formed between pillars or piles are filled with bricks and covered with shields or asbestos-cement slabs. Due to the design features of the foundation itself, the base cannot be too high.

The height of the base when constructing buildings with a ground floor or basement

Buildings with usable basements received the most wide use in private housing construction. The rationality of this solution is due to the possibility of using this part of the building both for economic needs, placing a laundry room, pantry, boiler room, cellar in the basement, and for expanding the living space, arranging a study, bedroom, gym, and so on.

Sometimes both of these purposes are combined. It all depends on the expected building area. The main thing is that this approach is more economical than adding an additional floor above ground level. The total height of the basement here is much greater than in buildings without a basement. According to SNiP, it is equal to at least 250 cm.

The amount by which the base will rise above ground level depends on the purpose of the basement. If it is intended to be used as a utility room, it is permissible to take the minimum limit. On the ground floor under living rooms You cannot save, so a small margin must be added to the recommended height.

The height of the base is one of the parameters that is of great importance when building a house. This is the lower part of the building, erected on the foundation and performing important functions related to heat retention indoors. The plinth is necessary in order to protect the walls from the effects of groundwater; it prevents the formation of fungus and mold on the walls, increases the resistance of the structure low temperatures. Thanks to the presence of the base, the heat exchange between the interior and the street increases.

In order for this part of the house to meet all the requirements and contribute to the solution of the assigned tasks, it is necessary during construction not only to choose high-quality and reliable material, but also to take into account the height of the basement being built.

How to determine the height of the plinth

Efficiency protective functions, which the base of the house performs, directly depends on its height and type:

1. The protruding base requires additional finishing and the construction of a canopy that protects the structure from precipitation and moisture accumulation. It becomes a decoration of the facade of any building.
2. The sinking one is the most durable. In this option, the junction of the base and the walls of the house is completely protected from moisture, which guarantees increased safety of the foundation and protection of the waterproofing layer. When constructing this type, there is no need to construct mandatory water outlets.
3. Level with the wall. The least popular type of base. It requires the construction of a canopy, and when additional finishing is carried out it becomes protruding.

The choice of the height of the basement being built is influenced by the type of foundation, the depth of groundwater, and climatic conditions in the area where construction is taking place. In addition, it is important to have a basement floor ( basement).

When starting work on the construction of a basement, it is worth considering that the higher it is, the less likely it is that interior spaces may be damaged by moisture penetration. Construction begins directly from the foundation of the house, and at the joints with the walls of the building it is required proper organization waterproofing, preventing possible penetration of moisture through the capillaries of the porous material into the walls of the building.

The impact on the base is comprehensive, since it can withstand constant load from the side of the walls. And in cases where the house does not have a basement and the floor is located on the ground, the base is also subject to the pressure of the earth buried inside the entire perimeter of the house.

If, in order to determine the width of the future basement, it is necessary to accurately determine the choice of material from which the walls of the house will be built, and its type depends on the quality of the foundation, then the height will depend on the presence of a basement, temperature regime, weather conditions and the amount of natural precipitation characteristic of the area where construction is taking place. These parameters in various areas differ greatly, so there are no strict guidelines for determining the height of the plinth.

Minimum height

The construction of the base begins directly from the foundation, and it is raised to a height of at least 40 centimeters. It is believed that this is the minimum height of the base of the house.

This height is optimal if there is a strip foundation, although a base of this height is erected on another foundation, based on the decade-average snow level that falls annually in a given area. A basement of this height is erected only in cases where the house does not have a basement.

In some areas, the height of the base of the house is lower than this indicator. In particularly arid zones, the construction of a brick structure is allowed to a height of only 20 centimeters. But even here there is a risk of excessive moisture in the walls of the house when ordinary rainwater gets on them. In most cases, a properly constructed blind area can change the situation. Although, with a low base height, as well as with improper construction of the foundation, the walls of the house may suffer from capillary wetting of the walls with groundwater. This will lead to destruction of the material from the inside and a significant reduction in the life of the building.

Standard height

The basement floor requires a significant increase in the height of the base itself. Now to the main functions that it is designed to perform this design, we also add the provision of installation in the technical room engineering systems, which include pumps or valves. In some cases, when choosing the height of the base, they are guided by the height of the ceilings of the basement.

The features of the construction of the foundation of the house remain important. If the foundation level coincides with the ground level, then the height of the base cannot be less than 70 centimeters, and sometimes it reaches one meter. Standard height, during construction country house reaches 50 or 70 centimeters. It is this value that is considered optimal for most areas with varied climatic conditions and different depths of groundwater.

So, to determine the height of the base when building a country house, you need to take into account:

• depth of groundwater;
• amount of precipitation;
• presence of a basement;
• the need to organize a technical room in the basement;
• view of the furnished foundation of the house.

Features of waterproofing and insulation at different heights

Efficiency strip base will be reduced to zero if there are no ventilation ducts. These are holes, the distance between which should not exceed 3 meters. They are installed around the entire perimeter, ensuring high-quality air circulation. Internal walls and partitions are no exception. These holes can only be closed ventilation grilles. In the video you will see how to properly insulate and waterproof the basement of a house.

The use of any plugs is strictly prohibited, since the humidity present in the basement space leads to the formation of mold and mildew. When building a brick plinth, to organize ventilation ducts, it is enough to leave gaps in the masonry; in other options, pipes are used that are fixed between the blocks. The jumpers can be sheet steel or ordinary reinforcement.

Reliable protection of the base from groundwater is provided by waterproofing material. It may be roofing material or another type roll waterproofing, such as:

• glass roofing material;
• rubemast;
• euroruberoid.

Lay it in two layers directly on the foundation, applying bitumen mastic or heated bitumen. Between layers waterproofing material apply a layer adhesive composition providing a strong connection.

The plinth is the outer wall of the foundation on which the façade rests. At the same time, this is the upper part of the walls of the basement, if it exists. The height of the base depends on the type of foundation, the overall design of the house, the nature of the soil, and the purpose of the basement. There are certain building regulations in this regard.

How tall should the base be?

Some homeowners believe that if there is no basement, then there is no need for a basement; you can make the foundation flush with the ground.

This is mistake. the main task plinth - to isolate the façade from contact with the ground. And so that soil water does not rise from the ground through the concrete by capillary action, between the façade and basement wall lay a layer of roofing material.

The base must be high enough regardless of the facade materials: wood, foam and slag concrete, and brick are equally affected by water.

In addition to protecting the walls of the house from destruction, the plinth also solves other problems:

• protects the facade from pollution (due to the proximity of the earth, the lower part of the house suffers from it to the greatest extent);
• protects the cladding from mechanical damage (basement cladding is orders of magnitude stronger than façade cladding);
• compensates for shrinkage due to the load from the house;
• isolates the basement ceiling (most often wooden) from harmful influences;
• increases thermal insulation characteristics basement;
• gives the appearance of the house aesthetic completeness.
• provides its full value (usually located in the basement of the foundation);

When designing a plinth, the climate (average temperature in cold times) and average annual precipitation should be taken into account. Can be determined minimum height base for your site empirically: measure the depth of the snow cover over several winters and add 10 cm of reserve to the average value.

note

Minimum height of the base above the ground according to SNiP for southern regions– 20 cm (preferably 30-40). If the house is wooden, the preferred distance from the ground surface is from 50 to 90. If there is a basement floor, the recommended height of the basement can reach 2 meters.

A high base is more expensive than a low one due to the increased volume of concreting work. But when calculating, savings come in second place, strength and durability come first. performance characteristics, which largely depend on the material of the facade.

The height of the plinth is also affected by its position relative to the facade wall. There are three options:

• recessed - the plane of the base is recessed inward relative to the facade. Possible only if the thickness of the facade wall is large enough;

• flush with the facade;

• speaker This option is the only one possible if the thickness of the facade walls is small, and also if the project provides for.

The advantages of the third option are increased thermal insulation characteristics (a necessary property when constructing a functional basement). In all other cases, the first option is preferable: the overhanging facade wall reliably protects the base from atmospheric factors and mechanical damage. Obviously, the height of the recessed base should be minimal, because as it increases, the degree of protection decreases.

Options for foundations according to the height of the base in a private house

Eat design differences at plinths on low foundations (strip, pile-strip, slab) and elevated (pile,). In the first case, no air gaps there is no gap between the ground and the ground floor, the internal space is completely covered with concrete or tape - either top part strip foundation, or a superstructure along the perimeter of the slab. In the second case, a gap remains between the ground and the ceiling, the height of which is determined by the height of the above-ground part of the pillars or piles.

The choice depends on the characteristics of the soil, relief, and mass of the building. This issue is resolved at the house design stage.

With a low foundation, the basement part can be monolithic or prefabricated - from blocks, bricks. The second option involves less protection of the base from harmful factors.

Dedicated increased attention exterior decoration, not so much for aesthetic reasons, but for protective reasons. In any case, a blind area is performed (at least to divert atmospheric waters from the base), and in case of high occurrence groundwater- system . The maximum height of such a plinth is limited mainly by economic considerations.

It can be low (the grillage lies directly on the ground) or high. Columnar, usually elevated. Since it is considered the most unstable, the height should be at least 20 centimeters (to compensate for soil heaving). To ensure sufficient thermal insulation of the interior of the house, the gaps between the pillars/piles are filled with bricks, covered with asbestos-cement slabs or wooden/plywood panels.

example of base and trim insulation pile-screw foundation

example of basement insulation outside a pile foundation

The maximum height of such a plinth is limited structurally: the overhead load-bearing part cannot be too high.

What is the optimal height of the basement?

All of the above does not depend on the presence of a usable basement. The basement floor is an important decision from the point of view of rational space planning in the house and on the site. Suitable for solving almost any problem: if desired, you can equip here not only a cellar or boiler room, but also a study, home theater, or bedroom. Even with additional foundation costs, the high plinth height for one-story house will cost less than installing a second floor.

Floor characteristics according to standards:

• ceiling height relative to ground level - within two meters;
• deepening of the basement floor into the ground - no more than half the height of the basement.

The height of the basement of your home will also depend on the purpose of the basement. If you are planning to make a bedroom or living room comfortable rest, it is better to be guided by the maximum value; By arranging a utility compartment at ceiling height, you can save money (within reasonable limits).