What to put in the ground when planting cucumbers. What to put in the hole when planting cucumbers. Fertilizing cucumbers with mineral fertilizers

Compared to the “second bread”, cucumbers, of course, are not so important in the diet. But they enjoy no less love. I offer the easiest way to grow cucumbers. Before sowing

In the fall, we prepare the soil: after harvesting, we treat the beds by spraying them with a solution of copper sulfate (1 tbsp per 10 liters of water), consumption - 1 liter per 1 sq. m beds. Before digging 1 sq. m of beds add 1 cup wood ash and 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate.

Then we dig up the bed using a spade and leave it until spring. In spring, 10 days before sowing seeds, per 1 sq. m add 3 kg of rotted manure and dig up the soil onto the bayonet of a shovel.

Before sowing seeds, we make furrows about 2 cm deep at a distance of about 15 cm from each other and water warm water(50°) with the addition of potassium permanganate (2 g per 10 liters of water) at the rate of 2 liters per 1 sq. m. Then after 20 minutes. water the furrows with a hot solution of sodium humate fertilizer (1 tbsp per 10 liters of water).

Before planting, we treat the seeds in a pale solution of potassium permanganate, remove the floating empty seeds, then, after rinsing the seeds, dry them. Sowing We sow dry seeds at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other and cover them with a small layer of soil (1-1.5 cm), lightly tamp the soil with our hands and do not water it, since the grooves are well saturated with liquid.

We spread double cellophane on top and secure it on all sides with heavy slats, you can cover window frames with glass or cut plastic bottles (such as glasses) in half and cover the seeds with them. For 25-30 days, while the seedlings are growing, we do not remove the covering material.

Greenhouses

During this period, we water (1-2 times) with warm water (as the soil dries). 10 days before transplanting seedlings to permanent place we feed (sodium humate - 1 tbsp per 10 liters of water), consumption - 3 liters per 1 sq. m. Before fertilizing, be sure to slightly loosen the soil between the rows.

We fertilize and water on a warm day, then after fertilizing we cover the bed again. During the last 10 days before transplanting, we harden the seedlings, removing the cover first for 40 minutes, then increasing the hardening time. After sowing

25-30 days after germination, we prepare the seedlings for planting in a permanent place. Before planting, we dig up the bed using a spade, make deep holes at a distance of about 30-40 cm from each other, add 1 kg of rotted manure to the hole, fill 6-8 cm with soil, water the holes generously with warm water, then We plant a plant in each hole.

We water the seedlings abundantly several hours before transplanting. Then, with a small shovel, we dig up a plant with a large, damp lump of earth and lower it into the hole. At the same time, you cannot squeeze the earthen lump with your hands.

It is better to replant seedlings in the evening or on a cloudy day. We water the cucumbers 2 times a week in the evening. We fertilize 3-4 times during the summer.

In a 100-liter barrel of water, put 1 bucket of mullein and 1 glass of urea, mix well, and repeat the procedure after 3-5 days. We water the plants at the rate of 5 liters per 1 square meter. m. For good yield, you need to ensure that there are no barren flowers.

To do this, after the 5-6th leaf, pinch the main stem. This stimulates branching of the plant and the development of shoots with female flowers

What to put in the hole when planting cucumbers?

Lorelei 2 years ago Elena-Lilia more than a month ago

Cucumbers are the most active of all vegetables (together with cabbage) in drawing out free nitrogen. But we don’t need nitrate cucumbers. Therefore, I am categorically against manure for cucumbers.

Of course, they will grow big and a lot, but then don’t be surprised why jars of pickled cucumbers explode, or the cucumbers in the jar turn out soft. I don’t put anything other than humus (about 5 liters) and complex fertilizer (a tablespoon) in the hole. The main thing is what to put under the hole!

To ensure that the ground under the cucumbers is always warm, we dig a hole (60-70 cm), put a bucket of rotten autumn leaves there, and then cover it with earth again. And cucumbers need to be planted in very moist soil, almost mud. This way they will take root better. It will be useful to slip three tablets of glioclodin into the hole under the seedlings as a preventive measure for root rot.

onion peel, dacha advice , vegetable garden and beds April 29, 2014, 15:45 When drying and peeling onions, a lot of peel remains.

I always collect it... even in winter, when I peel onions for food, I put the dry husks in a box. When planting tomato and pepper seedlings, I put a good handful of husks and humus in each hole, mix it, put a small layer of soil on top, then put the seedlings taken out of the cup with a lump of earth into the hole. Onion peels prevent the development of many diseases of nightshade crops.

It turns out that onion peels are universal and can be used more than once. After preparing a decoction, infusion or dye, do not throw away the husk, but use it as an organic fertilizer and you will definitely get good harvest vegetables

The husk is not only a fertility stimulant, but also an antiseptic that helps in pest control. Used husks can be composted.

It is also known from popular experience that to combat the Colorado potato beetle, which destroys potato plantings, onion peels are buried next to the plants - the beetles cannot stand its smell. I soak onion peels and then put them under the eggplant bushes... the bushes are clean, no Colorado potato beetles)) Place a handful of peels in the hole when planting tomatoes, cabbage, and potatoes.

Many of us throw away onion peels, but in vain... because they are a very valuable thing. To destroy spider mites, many have tried everything... but you only need 10 g onion peel, pour warm water, leave for five days and sprinkle the necessary plants.

It is known that three liters of infusion is enough to replace dozens of pesticides. I once tried adding onion peels to the soil in which I planted seedlings, some summer residents claim that this saves the seedlings from the “black leg” disease.

Onion infusion is also good for watering cucumbers. Especially when the leaves begin to turn yellow, you need to put them in a bucket warm water add two large handfuls of husks, bring to a boil and leave until cool.

When the infusion has cooled, take 2 liters of this infusion into a bucket of water and water the cucumbers and zucchini from a watering can. Last year I conducted an experiment... I put a lot of onion peels in a bucket and filled it with water (regular, not boiling water) and put it in a greenhouse.

I noticed that there are no aphids on the plants and other various midges. Sometimes I dip a broom into this explosive mixture and sprinkle cucumbers and peppers on the leaves. Tomatoes, cucumbers and carrots, watered with infusion of the husks, respond well.

The yield increases noticeably.

Fertilizers for cucumbers when planting

Fertilizers for cucumbers in open ground

cucumbers grow well on fertile soil. On soddy-podzolic soils, they should be planted in the second year after abundant application of organic fertilizers to the soil.

During the short growing season, the crop needs to form a powerful leaf apparatus and a large number of fruits. It is not recommended to plant cucumbers in fresh manure due to strong vegetation to the detriment of fruiting. Although fresh manure in a volume of 5-10 kg per 1 m2 can be applied under the predecessor or in the fall when digging the soil.

Carbon dioxide, which is released during the decomposition of fresh manure, significantly improves physical properties soil. The main organic fertilizer for cucumbers can be considered semi-rotted manure, which is applied during spring digging of the soil, in rows when sowing seeds or in holes when planting seedlings. For these purposes, you can also use spent greenhouse soil, a compost mixture, humus soil or well-decomposed peat. Of the entire norm of fertilizers prescribed for cucumbers, two-thirds should be applied for digging, and the rest - along with pre-sowing loosening of the soil, in rows at sowing or in holes when planting seedlings, as well as in fertilizing.

In all cases, complete mineral fertilizer is added to organic fertilizer: 90 g of nitrophoska or 50 g of nitroammophoska. Complete mineral fertilizer can be replaced with a mixture of simple fertilizers, taking 20 g of urea per 1 m2, double superphosphate or ammophos, 20 g of potassium sulfate or 30 g of potassium magnesia. On acidic soils liming should be carried out (preferably under the previous crop) by adding 300-500 g dolomite flour per 1 m2 of land. You can apply the following set of fertilizers to the crop: 3 kg of humus and peat, 2 kg sawdust to loosen the soil, 30-40 g of superphosphate and 10-15 g of potassium salt per 1 m2 of area.

Fertilizers need to be evenly distributed over the area and embedded in the soil to a depth of 20 cm by digging. If, when sowing, granular superphosphate (5 g per 1 m2) is added to the rows, you can get faster early harvest cucumbers Powdered superphosphate must first be mixed with humus.

Potash fertilizers at spring treatment soil can be replaced with wood ash at the rate of 150-200 g per 1 m2. Cucumbers in middle lane Russia is usually grown through seedlings, which are fed twice with mullein (1:8) or chicken manure (1:10). The first feeding with a liquid solution is carried out 2 weeks after emergence. The second feeding is given 2 days before planting seedlings, adding 15 g of ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate and 20 g of superphosphate per 10 liters of mullein or bird droppings solution.

The solution consumption is 1 cup per 2 plants. After planting cucumbers in a permanent place in the ground, you need to fertilize every 10-15 days, combining them with watering. Before flowering, cucumbers primarily need nitrogen to promote stem growth and leaf formation.

For nitrogen fertilizing 1 liter of mullein or 10 g of urea is dissolved in 10 liters of water. At the beginning of flowering, when applying liquid fertilizer based on mullein, microfertilizers are added to the solution (1 tablet per 1 liter of solution). You can also prepare an aqueous solution consisting of 10 liters of water, 0.5 g of boric acid, 0.4 g of manganese sulfate and 0.1 g of zinc sulfate. During mass flowering cucumbers have an increased need for phosphorus and potassium, and on sandy loam soils they often lack magnesium.

Therefore, from the moment the buds form and throughout the entire flowering period, it is necessary to increase the feeding of the plants, using complete fertilizer. To do this, add 40 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium magnesium to 10 liters of mullein solution.

The solution consumption is 200-250 ml per plant. The following can be used for feeding: complex fertilizers: 25 g of nitroammophoska, "Stimul-1" or 30 g of garden fertilizer mixture with microelements, but without chlorine, per 10 liters of mullein solution. The solution consumption is 1 liter for 4-5 plants.

If it is not possible to prepare a fertilizer solution based on mullein, the dose of mineral fertilizers should be increased by 1.5 times. During the period of active fruiting and when it subsides, cucumbers need nitrogen-potassium fertilizers. A good effect is obtained by fertilizing with a soluble complex fertilizer (20 g per 1 m2), especially useful on light soils where plants may lack magnesium. If cloudy weather sets in for a long time during the cucumber growing season, you need to carry out foliar fertilizing with urea (20 g per 10 l of water).To extend the fruiting period, phosphorus feeding will be required.

Superphosphate can be applied before watering or rain, but it is best with irrigation water. If there is sufficient phosphorus supply, cucumbers benefit from fertilizing with potassium nitrate, which does not contain chlorine, which is bad for cucumbers.

In the absence of complex fertilizer, you can use a mixture of simple fertilizers, diluting 10 g of urea and 10 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium magnesia in 10 liters of water and using the resulting amount of fertilizer per 1 m2 of soil. All watering of cucumbers can be combined with the addition of wood ash - a supplier of potassium and calcium (from 40 to 100 g of ash per 10 liters of water). Fertilizing with ash can also be done after rain. Fertilizing with a week-old nettle infusion has a beneficial effect on cucumbers. The infusion should be diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 7 and the plants should be watered every other day.

To obtain good harvest of cucumbers, it is necessary to choose the right site for their cultivation, prepare the soil and follow the rules of proper crop rotation. The crop is quite demanding in terms of soil and air humidity, as well as light and elevated temperatures, so beds for cucumbers should be laid out in places protected from piercing winds, without shading.

Areas with low relief - lowlands - should be avoided, as cold air flows into them.

Soil requirements

The best soils for considered loamy and sandy loam. The most high yields crops are obtained from high-quality fertilized fertile areas with neutral or slightly high acidity.

Cucumbers are very responsive to the addition of organic matter. Cucumber plantings require regular and fairly frequent watering. Uncultivated, acidic, poorly heated and heavy soils with a shallow arable layer are considered unsuitable for cultivation.

The best predecessors of cucumbers

Fertilizing cucumbers

The amount of nutrients (in a form easily accessible to the plant) in the ground should be sufficient, since the root system of cucumbers is located in the upper layers of the soil and is characterized by a relatively high rate of their consumption.

During a short growing season, cucumbers produce not only a powerful leaf apparatus, but also a lot of fruits. That's why it is necessary to add a sufficient amount of organic matter, which, when decomposing, supplies the roots with additional portions of carbon dioxide.

Organic fertilizers for cucumbers

Fresh manure on cucumber beds Most often applied in the fall. Transforming into humus, it structures the soil, loosening heavy clay soils and binding sandy ones. If the soil in the garden is heavy clay or loamy, slowly warming up, then it is advisable to incorporate fresh manure into it 30-50 days before sowing the seeds (immediately after the snow melts) - this leads to rapid heating. On soils well fertilized with organic matter, the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers increases several times.

Adding peat It makes sense only on heavy, damp soils, as this improves the structure and its physical properties.

Mineral fertilizers for cucumbers

When cultivating cucumbers they use mineral fertilizers and, which can act as a complete replacement for potassium compounds. Ash is covered at a rate of about 200 grams per square meter. meter. Mineral fertilizers must be added when digging up the soil in spring: ammonium nitrate - 15 g/sq.m. m, superphosphate – 40 g/sq. m, potassium salt (in the absence of ash) – 25 g/sq. m.

If you are using complex fertilizers, then when adding them you should follow the instructions and dosages indicated on the package. Most of the minerals are added immediately before sowing or when sowing seedlings and seeds in holes, and the rest is added in the form of liquid root dressings.

Soil liming

If the soil has increased acidity, then it should lime (deoxidize) using dolomite flour, ground limestone, tuff. This stage of work is carried out in the fall during digging.

The simultaneous application of fresh manure and lime is not allowed - this leads to a chemical reaction, which results in the loss of valuable nitrogen.

During autumn liming of the soil, which is carried out every 4-5 years, rotted manure is applied in the spring. Plant waste ash is not only a natural potassium-phosphorus fertilizer, but also a means of reducing soil acidity.

Spring cultivation of beds for cucumbers

Dug up since autumn plots for cucumbers, fertilized with organic matter, are loosened in the spring. If manure was not applied in the fall, then the humus is scattered in early spring, and the soil is dug up to a depth of a spade.

From the moment the snow melts until the sowing of cucumbers, it is necessary to monitor the looseness of the soil and immediately remove any emerging weeds. Mineral fertilizers are applied around May 20-25, the soil is dug up, and leveled with a rake. upper layer soil and begin planting.

Cucumbers are a very tasty, aromatic and healthy vegetable crop for the human body. This vegetable is often added to salads and canned in order to enjoy it in winter period. The culture is quite capricious and requires regular care. To obtain a bountiful harvest, a gardener requires a lot of strength and patience. However, there are several planting rules, the observance of which will greatly facilitate the cultivation of this vegetable. This is especially true for fertilizers.

Why do this?

In a short period of growing season, cucumbers need to achieve the formation of a powerful leaf apparatus and a large number of vegetables. This crop develops more actively when grown on fertile soil. With soddy-podzolic soil, it is recommended to plant cucumbers only in the third year, after organic fertilizer has been generously applied to the soil.

Planting cucumbers in fresh manure that has just been added to the soil is also not recommended, since strong vegetation will damage the germination of fruits. However, you can sprinkle five to ten kilograms of fresh manure per square meter when digging up the soil in the autumn. The carbon dioxide released during the decomposition of fresh manure has a positive effect on soil fertility.

Due to the fact that this vegetable crop does not like oversaturation with minerals, fertilizers must be handled extremely carefully. As a rule, the first feeding is carried out in the fall. This allows you to prepare the soil, saturating it with the main complex of useful and nutrients. The main feeding is carried out when planting plants in open ground. This is necessary so that the seedlings quickly adapt to the new land. Therefore, fertilizing the holes is an important stage in growing such a capricious crop as cucumbers.

Also worth noting is the usefulness root fertilizer for cucumbers. If in your region in summer period observed warm weather, the root system of cucumber bushes will develop quickly and intensively. And fertilizing applied to the hole when planting seedlings will contribute to the formation of juicy and ripe cucumbers of the correct shape.

What fertilizers should I apply?

Adding fertilizer to the soil before planting cucumbers - required condition. This is the only way to grow healthy and nutritious vegetables. This process must be approached carefully, preparing the soil for further planting of seedlings in advance. Gardeners and summer residents disagree about which method of soil preparation is most effective. IN in this case it is necessary to focus on your own experience and periodically experiment, noting positive results.

Most experienced gardeners agree that it is advisable to fertilize the soil in the autumn.

Mineral fertilizers, which are used to saturate the soil with useful microelements, give a positive effect only if there is plenty of moisture and after several months.

For intensive growth and development, cucumbers need regular nutrition with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is worth noting that the latter is not contained in organic fertilizers, for example, in manure or droppings. Therefore, vegetable crops need the following fertilizers:

• saltpeter;
• sulfur fertilizer;
• chloride fertilizing;
• molybdate fertilizing.

In addition to potassium, onion peels are popular fertilizers for cucumbers. Both elements are introduced directly into the hole immediately before planting. Each of the listed fertilizers has certain application features. Let's look at them in more detail.

Onion peel

Before the cucumber seedlings are in the garden, it is recommended to prepare the holes. One of good decisions is the use of onion peels. As a rule, they store it from the beginning of winter, first drying it and putting it in a box. After this, reserves of onion peels are laid out in each hole intended for cucumber bushes, adding a small amount of humus. The resulting mass is stirred. Only after this procedure can you start planting cucumber seedlings. In this case, the plants need to be planted together with the soil that was in the cups with the seedlings.

The popularity of onion peels is largely due to its reusable use. In addition to directly adding to the garden bed, you can make an excellent decoction from the husks. The resulting liquid replaces water when watering the plant. After receiving the decoction, the onion peels are not thrown away, but dried and, as necessary, added to the wells of the cucumbers. Onion fertilizer is often called a biostimulator of fertility. Also she is quite good antiseptic helping in the fight against harmful bacteria and microorganisms.

Many gardeners note that the husks can be used as compost, as they repel certain types of insects that can cause the plant to die. By placing the peel next to the vegetable crop, you thereby create protection from pests that cannot tolerate the specific smell of onions.

If you decide to use onion peels without compost, it is recommended to pre-soak them for two hours. Only after this can you “fill” the beds with it.

Onion peels contain a whole range of nutrients, useful for vegetable crops (vitamin C, E, PP, B, A). You can also note the presence of a large amount of phytoncide, which gives onions bactericidal properties, quercetin, which is a strong antioxidant, and beneficial organic acids(potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese and iron). If you notice any insects feasting on the leaves of a cucumber bush, it is likely that spraying a warm infusion of onion skins will help get rid of the pest.

To prepare onion broth you will need two cups of onion peels and water. Pour onion peels into a deep container, then fill it with the required amount of water so that the container is completely filled. Turn on the stove burner at medium power. Wait until the broth begins to boil. Remove the container from the stove, leaving the contents to steep for two to three hours. After the broth has cooled, it can be used to treat the plants. Apply fertilizer both to the leaves and directly to the root system. The remaining broth can be used for compost.

Potassium

Determining that cucumbers need mineral nutrition is quite simple. Plants with a mineral deficiency are characterized by darkening and curling of the leaves, and you may also notice small “burns” along the edges. The presence of these signs is a signal to immediately feed the cucumbers.

The presence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is extremely important for the successful growth and development of cucumbers. However, as mentioned earlier, potassium is not found in bird droppings or manure. This element can be obtained from sulfur and chloride nitrate, potassium molybdate. When using the listed fertilizers, the soil is saturated with other elements found in their composition. It is worth noting that potassium chloride must be placed in the soil only in the autumn. This will allow precipitation to wash away the chlorine contained in the composition, leaving the potassium needed by cucumbers.

Cucumbers are equally intolerant of both deficiency and excess of potassium. In the latter case, the leaves of the vegetable crop are chaotically colored in a yellowish-greenish tint. This also indicates a reduction in magnesium. The appearance of a light green edge on the leaves indicates that the cucumbers are in great need of potassium fertilizer.

If the gardener ignores the signs and does not fertilize, the leaves turn a bright yellow color and begin to curl inward. The lack of potassium has a slight effect on the growth of vegetable crops. However, the quantity of fruits and their quality are significantly reduced. When the lower leaves die, the disease is transmitted to the upper ones. Hot weather can speed up this process. As a result, the plant may die.

Being an early-ripening type of vegetable crop, cucumbers bloom and bear fruit much more intensively than others. You can grow them if you wish all year round. However, regular and careful monitoring will be required. necessary complex microelements missing from the plant.

Take your time to fertilize each cucumber bush. It is recommended to feed two or three plants to begin with. After two days, note the changes. Correctly applied fertilizer activates the growth of cucumbers.

Preparing potash fertilizer involves mixing several ingredients. This:

• 10 liters of clean water (it is recommended to use rainwater if available);
• 200 grams of manure or bird droppings;
• one teaspoon of superphosphate;
• one teaspoon of potassium.

The resulting solution is poured into a garden watering can and each hole, prepared in advance for a cucumber bush, is watered abundantly. Adding this element to the soil is effective when high level humidity. Therefore, it is advisable to do this before planting the seedlings in the holes. If the soil is not prepared for planting, it is recommended to fertilize it three to five times in the summer.

Today, there are a large number of recommendations for growing nightshade crops. Let's consider the most useful ones that have positive results in practice.

• The optimal conditions for planting cucumbers in open ground are air temperatures from twenty-five to thirty degrees above zero. Indicators relative humidity should be at least seventy to eighty percent. If these indicators are ignored, seedlings planted in open ground may not take root and will soon die.
• Don't forget that nightshade vegetables, including cucumbers, love warmth. Consequently, watering is carried out exclusively with water heated in the sun. By the way, when preparing fertilizer, the recipe of which requires the addition of water, it is also advisable to use warm water. Watering plants in open ground is carried out in the evening, when grown in a greenhouse - exclusively in the early morning. If there is insufficient moisture, the fruits will acquire a bitter taste.
• Cucumbers have a negative attitude towards chlorine, which is often one of the ingredients in potash fertilizers. In order not to injure the plant with an element that is unpleasant for it, it is advisable to use products such as potassium salt and potassium magnesium when preparing mineral fertilizer. Their composition, as a rule, contains a minimal amount of chlorine, which is not capable of harming the plant.
• Before planting, the hole is not only fed with the above-mentioned fertilizers in the form of onion peels or potassium, but also watered abundantly to moisten the soil. In order to ensure vegetable crop necessary supply of calcium, it is also recommended to put ground eggshells in the hole. After this, the hole is lightly sprinkled with earth. Then mineral fertilizers are applied and cucumber seedlings are planted. Surface covering of the soil with mulch will reduce the number of germinating weeds and increase high-quality composition soil. Fresh mown grass, hay or straw are used as mulch.

See below for information on what to put in the hole when planting cucumbers.

Material prepared by: Nadezhda Zimina, gardener with 24 years of experience, process engineer

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Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most common plants. It can be found in gardens all over the world. It is unpretentious and will not cause much trouble when growing, but fertilizing cucumbers is a mandatory procedure under any conditions. Timely applied fertilizing significantly increases the yield and taste qualities this culture.

To create plants good conditions, it is necessary to properly prepare the soil. For greenhouse and ground cucumbers, the composition of the soil mixture is different, so a separate option is offered for each case.

Soil for a greenhouse

Cucumbers in closed ground are most often grown in greenhouses - on high earthen piles, fenced with a structure made of wood and film, which allows you to open and close the bed. If tomatoes grow in your greenhouse, then you can arrange ridges next to it, preferably on its south side - the plants will receive enough light and will be largely protected from the wind. Another benefit from this neighborhood is that the cucumber greenhouse will immediately have a ready-made supporting wall- greenhouse wall. In the northern regions and in the middle zone, the beds are heated by making biofuel from organic matter of animal and plant origin. For this purpose, a pile about 0.5 meters high is poured from stale manure or last year’s compost, which is covered with a layer of earth.

It is formed from the following components:

• riding -1 part.
• Humus - 1 part.
• Turf soil (can be replaced with garden chernozem, having previously treated it with a solution of potassium permanganate) – 1 part.

Mineral fertilizers are added to this mixture. For 1 sq.m. take 10 g of ammonium nitrate, 20 g (or 30 regular), and 10-15 g of potassium sulfate. It is necessary to prepare the soil a week before planting seeds or planting seedlings - it should have time to settle and slightly compact so that the plants do not fall through when watering.

You can use fresh manure, but then the soil layer must be thicker. The same applies to plant residues - if there is no ready-made organic matter at hand, then fresh grass is placed at the base of the greenhouse, which must be watered generously and covered with soil. As village grandmothers say, the greens will “burn,” that is, decompose with the release of heat, providing a comfortable temperature for the cucumbers.

Don’t forget about disinfecting the greenhouse, because many pathogens and microorganisms overwinter on it inner surface. To get rid of these uninvited guests, it is necessary to treat the glass, film and structural elements with a bleach solution. It is diluted in a proportion of 300g per 10 liters of water and kept at room temperature for several hours.

Open ground

Cucumbers love warmth, so it is advisable to plant them in lighted areas protected from the wind. Nice place for them there will be a plot near the fence, or near any building, the shadow of which covers the garden bed only after 9-10 pm.

It is advisable to prepare the soil in the fall. After clearing the weeds, it is dug up and fertilized. In September–October, “long-playing” ones are introduced mineral supplements, With long term decomposition, as well as fresh manure, is the best fertilizer for cucumbers, which will rot in the soil before spring.

Organic fertilizers do not always contain the required amount of minerals, except nitrogen, of course. There is always plenty of it in organic matter, because it is formed from plants that animals eat. But there may not be enough phosphorus. Therefore, when preparing the soil for growing cucumbers in open ground, superphosphate is added in the fall, which takes a long time to decompose in the soil-retaining complex. On cultivated land, phosphorus fertilizers are used at the rate of 15-20 g per m2, and on poor land - 25-30 g.

In the fall, it is necessary to add other mineral fertilizers. For 1 sq.m. take 10-25 g of potassium salt, 15-25 g of ammonium sulfate and up to 25 g of ammonium nitrate. To simplify the fertilizing process, you can simply use ready-made complex fertilizer.

By the way, if the site has just begun to be developed, and before that the land was “resting,” then you don’t have to apply fertilizers at all in the first year - there is enough of everything in the soil, and the harvest will be good without fertilizing.

Growing seedlings

In order to obtain finished products as quickly as possible, it is necessary to grow cucumber seedlings. If you then have the opportunity to transplant it into a greenhouse, then you can start already in early April.

The seeds are pre-disinfected, slightly dried, and planted in prepared soil.. You can make it yourself - take one part of high-moor peat, one part of humus and two parts of garden soil. Mix all this and etch with a solution of potassium permanganate. After processing, pour the finished soil with warm boiled water and dry it slightly (so that it is not liquid). During drying, the soil will settle. Usually 24 hours is enough.

Seeds are planted in prepared soil without germination - this way the seedlings will grow stronger. You have to wait 3-5 days for them. Several seeds are planted in a pot, and after germination, the weak sprouts are pinched, leaving the strongest one.

After the cucumbers have 2-3 leaves, they can be safely transplanted into closed ground. It is best to do this in inclement weather so that the plants take root better. With this method of cultivation, the first harvest (taking into account the fact that some varieties have a growing season of 45-55 days) can be obtained already at the end of May, beginning of June.

The second stream of seedlings is planted in May. In this case, finished products can be received in early July. And these cucumbers (depending on the chosen variety) can bear fruit until the end of August.

To prolong fruiting, there is a tricky trick. A well-developed cucumber vine is buried with earth closer to its end. After a couple of weeks, when the plant takes root, the remaining part, if it has already left the fruiting period, is cut off. The vine will begin to develop and bear fruit again, and until frost there will be delicious and fresh cucumbers on the table.

Transplanting seedlings

Cucumbers do not like transplanting. Many gardeners grow seedlings in peat, (soluble) pots, through the walls of which the roots can easily continue to grow, or in eggshells, which are easy to crush, cleaning the root system.

Seedlings are transplanted on a warm, but not sunny day, in calm weather. The soil in the pots is pre-moistened. If it is not peat pot, which is simply buried, then the plant must be placed on its side, and by gently tapping the walls, release the earthen lump covering the roots.

After this, it is immersed in a previously spilled hole, into which a teaspoon is simultaneously poured to stimulate growth. By the way, this agrochemical is used for many plants; due to its composition, it is positioned as a universal fertilizer for cucumbers and tomatoes.

When should you fertilize cucumbers for the first time and with what?

If cucumbers, both indoors and outdoors, grow well and strongly, then there is no need to rush with the first feeding. Her can be delayed until flowering begins. But, if the plants are weak, then they need to be fed.

There are many ways to feed cucumbers before they enter the mature growth period. They can be fed complex, nitrogen-containing mineral fertilizers(ammophoska or azofoska), individual fats, organic matter (, bird droppings). The basic rule when applying additional fertilizer to cucumbers for the first time is that the fertilizer must contain enough nitrogen.

Second feeding

This feeding is carried out during fruiting of cucumbers. Plants that produce a large mass of fruit actively consume all the necessary substances from the soil. During this period, it will be appropriate to apply phosphorus fertilizers, as well as with a sulfur component.

The second fertilizing is carried out so that the cucumbers, having “taken” all the nutrients from the available soil, do not rest on their laurels and do not interrupt fruiting.

Feeding is carried out in several stages. The first is after the fruit appears. Plants are watered with a solution of nitrophoska (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water). The second time - in a week. Conduct root feeding, dissolving 0.5 l and 1 tsp in 10 liters of water. potassium sulfate.

The next feeding of cucumbers is carried out at intervals of a week. Main principle– balanced composition. Therefore, growth stimulants, ready-made gum fertilizers, and herbal infusions would be appropriate here.

Some interesting facts about growing cucumbers

1. If plant leaves become purple tint(especially during hypothermia) – cucumbers lack phosphorus. To save plants, it is necessary to foliar feed them with an extract of superphosphate.
2. When planting seedlings, the cotyledon leaves should not be buried in the soil. When exposed to moisture, they will begin to rot, and this process can affect the entire lash.
3. A tasty crop can be grown using a universal fertilizer for cucumbers and tomatoes - potassium nitrate. Potassium has the most positive effect on taste finished products, due to its property of converting glucose into sugar and retaining it in plant cells.
4. Yeast can be used to fertilize cucumbers. They contain a large number of useful substances that are in an easily digestible form. In order to prepare cucumber dressing, take 10 g of dry yeast and 10 liters of warm water. Leave for two hours, and again dilute the resulting suspension in 50 liters of water. We water the beds with the resulting mixture.

The effect of various nutrients on cucumbers

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is the most important element for the normal development of plants. The rest are also very important, but this one is necessary. Without it the whole existence is impossible plant flora Therefore, nitrogen fertilizers are applied first. Characteristic features its deficiency inhibits the growth of cucumbers. But this phenomenon can only be observed on very poor soils, such as sandstone or loam, which have been used for planting for many years.

But a less clear sign of nitrogen deficiency is yellowing of the leaf. By the way, it is also typical for potassium deficiency. But the difference is that when there is not enough nitrogen, yellowness spreads along the leaf veins, and when there is a lack of potassium, it spreads along the edges of the leaf. Another sign is leaves before emergence yellow stripes fade, becoming light green. Fruits with nitrogen deficiency become short, pale and thickened.

To prevent nitrogen starvation when growing cucumbers, you need to take care of the composition of the soil in advance. Together with nitrogen fertilizers It is advisable to add molybdenum and iron, which contribute to the change in nitrate nitrogen (NO3) and its transition to ammonia form (NH4), which does not accumulate in fruits in the form of nitrates harmful to humans.

Nitrogen is found in many organic and mineral fertilizers. In manure, horse and cow, in compost and peat. When organic matter is added to the soil, the yield of cucumbers significantly increases. Organic fertilizers are also used to make “hot beds”, which not only nourish the earth with nitrogen, but also warm the plantings.

The use of compost and manure (or humus) is almost the same. In the southern regions they are added during digging (at least 1 bucket per sq.m.), where the soil warms up well even without biofuel.

Good for fertilizing cucumbers chicken droppings– it should always be taken 10 times less than cow manure. It is best to use it in fermented form - warm solution litter is placed in a room with room temperature, and wait several days. The color of the resulting solution should be like weakly brewed tea. We water the soil with this liquid after digging, lightly mixing the top layer with a rake.

Potassium

Potassium deficiency is a serious diagnosis for cucumbers. With a deficiency of this element, the yield is significantly reduced, and the finished product loses its presentation - cucumbers take the form of jugs, with a thin long base, and a small barrel-shaped bottom. This happens due to the fact that during the formation of the fetus, potassium does not reach all tissues, and the fetus “shrinks”. This is bad, the cucumber becomes tough and not tasty, and also loses its juiciness.

Signs of potassium deficiency include yellowing and browning of leaves. It starts from the edges of the leaf and goes to its stem. After the leaf has died, the neighboring ones turn yellow. If the roots of a plant were able to extract at least a small amount of potassium from the soil, then it is sent primarily to the fruits, and not to the leaves.

The use of this agrochemical helps plants fight various diseases and pests (strengthens one’s own immunity). It also increases the yield and taste of the finished product. This fat is completely soluble in water, and is used in the form of a solution for root feeding, as well as for drip irrigation and irrigation of hydroponic systems. When working with it, you must use personal protective equipment.

To quickly resuscitate cucumbers experiencing potassium deficiency, foliar feeding can be done. But be careful, if the permissible concentration is exceeded, you can burn the leaves of the plant. Recommended doses for feeding cucumbers by leaf are 10 g per 1 liter of water.

The very first feeding of cucumbers with potassium is carried out in the spring. Consumption: 12-20 g/sq.m. The fertilizer is scattered in an even layer over the surface of the earth during digging. In order to get to the roots of the plants, it needs moisture, and while the bed settles, potassium will dissolve in the soil complex, thanks to the water retained in it from the melting snow.

Calcium

If there is not enough calcium, the local immunity of the plant decreases. This substance is necessary for the proper formation of cell walls and membranes. Lack of calcium negatively affects the harvest, already formed ovaries die, and flowers dry out without blooming. The fruits of the plants lose their taste and presentation.

When growing cucumbers, you can correct the deficiency of this element. To do this, the leaves of the plant are sprayed with a solution of calcium fertilizer, preferably before flowering.

And, in order to not have to quickly save your plantings from the lack of this element, you can take a number of preventive measures. For example, add calcium to the soil before planting cucumbers. Many summer residents recommend adding crushed water for this purpose. It will be useful, but mainly for loosening the soil. Calcium from its composition does not directly transfer directly to plant roots. It is better to use the shells in the form of an infusion, which is also suitable for foliar feeding.

The most efficient way to extract calcium from the shell is to put it in compost. Planted in the summer of one season, by the spring of another it will release most of the Ca into the substrate, and the resulting fertilizer will become an excellent fertilizer for cucumbers. To retain more calcium in eggshells, try to lay the shells away from raw eggs. During cooking, about 70% of the calcium remains in the water. By the way, this property is used to make extracts from eggshells, which is used for foliar feeding.

Honey feeding - attracting bees

Very often, when growing cucumbers, gardeners are faced with the problem of insufficient pollination of plants. To attract insects, you can feed cucumbers with honey. We dissolve a couple of spoons of this wonderful delicacy in 3 liters of warm water, wait for it to cool, and use a grass broom or sprayer to apply foliar feeding. After this manipulation, the situation with fruit set should improve.

Another way to help pollinate cucumbers is mechanical. During flowering, it is necessary to shake the male flowers over the female ones several times a day (male flowers do not have an ovary). But this method is used only for a small volume of plantings.

What to do with cucumber tops?

The season is over, the harvest has been harvested, and it’s time to clean the beds after ground cucumbers. There are now a lot of thorny lashes on them, some of which have already dried out. Just throwing them away is irrational; it’s better to put them to use and prepare fertilizers from them. There are two ways to process tops. First - burn and get rich in potassium fertilizer, . The tops should be burned after drying well, in a stone bag along with wood chips. The resulting ash, after cooling, must be poured into a plastic bag, sealed tightly, and placed in a dry place for storage until spring.

The second way to sell cucumber tops is to process them in compost. The large volume of biomass that is harvested from the beds contains elements such as nitrogen and potassium. At closed method composting (the pile is covered with film), they will not evaporate and interact with others nutrients, form an excellent fertilizer by next spring, which can be used, among other things, to fertilize cucumbers.

Video: educational film on growing cucumbers

Gardeners often have a question: what to put in the hole when planting cucumbers and here there is hardly a clear answer. Everyone has their own secrets, but one thing is certain: to improve the taste and quality of cucumbers, the soil must be rich in potassium. IN different parts young shoots are found significantly more potassium than in the old ones. Potassium improves the taste and quality of cucumbers. When it is added to the soil, the plant’s immunity increases, it becomes more resistant to various diseases. Plants that have enough potassium are better protected from various insect pests: bugs, caterpillars. When potassium is added, the shoots become more resistant to cold and they are more tolerant of temperature changes.

What types of potash fertilizers are there?

The main consequence of a lack of mineral nutrients is the appearance of burns along the edges of the leaves, then the leaves darken and curl. This means that cucumbers require potassium fertilization. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the main elements for feeding cucumbers, but there is no potassium in organic fertilizers - manure, bird droppings. Potassium in the form of fertilizer is sold in different types: saltpeter, sulfur dioxide, potassium molybdate chloride; in addition to potassium, the soil receives other elements after fertilization. Potassium molybdate acts as a microfertilizer, saltpeter enriches the soil with nitrogen and potassium. Concerning potassium chloride, then here the plants only need potassium. This fertilizer is applied exclusively in the fall, so that precipitation washes away the chlorine and leaves potassium.

Signs of excess potassium.

Cucumbers equally cannot tolerate both large amounts of potassium and its deficiency. With an excess of potassium, a mosaic yellow-green color appears on the leaves of cucumbers, and the magnesium content is reduced.

Signs of potassium deficiency.

If cucumbers have a pastel green edge along the edges of their leaves, this means that the cucumbers do not have enough potassium. Next comes yellow between the veins, and the edges of the leaves bend downward. Plants wither.

Plants are not very stunted in growth with a lack of potassium, but the quality and quantity of cucumbers changes for the worse. The leaves turn yellow and burns appear on them. If the lowest leaf dies, symptoms of potassium deficiency appear on the higher leaves. When it's hot, these symptoms spread more quickly. The cucumbers may not develop at the base, and at the end they appear bloated, that is, irregularly shaped cucumbers appear.

There are times when there is plenty flowering plant yields almost no harvest - the ovaries of the cucumbers turn yellow and