Insulation of flat roofs. Insulation of a flat roof and its features Insulation of a roof on a roll base

Recently, more and more homeowners are concerned about insulating the roof of their home, explaining this desire by high heat loss. After all, everyone knows that heat rises. In addition, a lot of materials for roof insulation have appeared on sale, and the insulation technology itself is “exaggerated” in advertising from almost every iron. So, having looked “like a neighbor’s”, the compassionate owner buys expensive material, installs it, as it seems to him, correctly, and after a few months the level of heat loss is restored. What happened? We go up to the attic, dismantle the roofing pie, look, and the insulation is wet and moldy, the rafters are wet and rotting. The picture is depressing - I wanted the best, but it turned out as always. And the secret is that a properly insulated roof should be made in the form of a layered cake, where each element performs its function. In this article we will tell you how to properly insulate a roof, and explain in which cases it can be insulated at all, and in which it is not worth it.

When is it necessary to insulate the roof?

Before moving on to roof insulation technology, let's decide whether it is necessary to insulate the roof specifically in your case. So, if you are not going to use the attic as a residential floor, and it is a cold room under the slope, where at most all sorts of things are stored that “may come in handy,” then in this case there is no need to insulate the roof. In the case of a cold attic, the floors are insulated, i.e. the floor of the attic, but not the slope itself. Here you can even clarify that insulating the roof of a cold attic will work in a negative direction, and it will cease to perform its functions.

If the room under the roof slope is planned to be used for housing, i.e. as an attic with heating, then it is necessary to insulate the roof. The attic room must be completely insulated from the roof so that the heat of the heated room does not melt the snow lying on the roof. Melted snow turns into ice and destroys the roofing material. It is also important to remove excess moisture from the under-roof space by arranging high-quality ventilation.

The best way to insulate a roof - materials

There are now quite a lot of materials for roof insulation. They differ radically from each other in both properties and structure. And given the fact that “every sandpiper praises its own swamp,” it can sometimes be difficult to make a choice. In one place they say insulating with polystyrene foam is cheap and cheerful, in another - mineral wool, since there are many high-quality samples from different manufacturers, and still others advocate an innovative method of spraying polyurethane foam. Therefore, let's figure out what the advantages and disadvantages of this or that material are.

Mineral (basalt) wool- leader in roof insulation this moment. Its advantages, which are important specifically for roof insulation: it does not burn and does not support combustion, i.e. completely fireproof, the material is elastic, so it fits perfectly into the space between the rafters and keeps its shape in the future (slab positions), leaving no gaps between the rafters and the material. Here we can add a relatively low price, general availability, ease of operation and excellent thermal insulation qualities.

The disadvantage of mineral wool is its hygroscopicity. Unfortunately, like any wool, mineral wool absorbs moisture or steam, which causes it to get wet. When wet cotton wool loses its thermal insulation properties almost by 60 - 80%. Why is this happening? The fact is that mineral wool accumulates moisture, but does not release it. As a result, once the material gets wet you will have to throw it away. It is worth noting that this drawback can be combated by carefully protecting the cotton wool from moisture, and it will last for many years.

Expanded polystyrene (foam) Recently it has enjoyed enviable popularity, by the way, absolutely undeservedly. For example, it is categorically not recommended to insulate a roof with it, and there are several reasons for this: expanded polystyrene burns and drips with fiery drops, the material crumbles and becomes unusable over time, when cutting the edges crumble, as a result, gaps form between the material and the rafters that have to be sealed. Surviving a fire in an attic insulated with foam plastic is almost impossible.

So, despite the obvious advantages of expanded polystyrene: light weight, low price, moisture resistance, when insulating the attic it must be put aside. Please note that the very specifics of using polystyrene foam as insulation assumes that it will be hidden by plaster or screed. In other words, he is good in his place - in wet facade and under the floor screed.

Extruded polystyrene foam- essentially improved foam and wonderful material for insulation where rigidity is important. Unlike foam plastic, it burns, but does not support combustion, holds its shape and has a structure that does not crumble or break during cutting and installation. Also, the advantages of extruded polystyrene foam are moisture resistance, durability, light weight, strength and rigidity, excellent thermal insulation properties (a smaller layer is required than mineral wool).

Polyurethane foam They began to use it for roof insulation quite recently, but have already managed to advertise it to the nines. This material is gas-filled plastic. It is sprayed using a special installation, and the undeniable advantage of this technology is that there are absolutely no gaps left. In addition, polyurethane foam does not burn, does not absorb moisture, weighs little and keeps its shape. And spraying the material not only into the space between the rafters, but also on inner surface rafters, allows you to avoid cold bridges, which are wooden beams. The disadvantage of polyurethane foam is its vapor permeability; the attic room turns out a little damp if high-quality supply and exhaust ventilation is not installed.

Insulated roof with polyurethane foam: video example

Ecowool or cellulose wool is also used for insulation more recently. It has a number of advantages: it does not burn, is environmentally friendly, “breathes”, weighs little and also blows into all the cracks, does not absorb moisture. Neither ecowool fumes nor its small particles can harm human health, unlike basalt wool.

When wondering what is the best way to insulate a roof, you need to understand that each material is good in its place.

Mineral wool It is convenient to insulate the roof by laying it between the rafters. This design is convenient and repairable; if necessary, the roofing pie can be disassembled and the rafters inspected. This is extremely important for the roof.

Expanded polystyrene It’s better not to insulate the roof, we’ve already decided on that.

Extruded polystyrene foam it is convenient to insulate flat roofs and slopes with a small angle of inclination by laying the material on top of the rafters with outside. The material is tough enough to perform well under roofing material. It is possible to lay EPS between the rafters, but it is not very convenient, since there will always be gaps between the rafter beams and the material. Blow out such cracks polyurethane foam short-sighted, it is destroyed by frequent changes in temperature cycles and time. Also, to inspect the rafters, the entire layer of foam will have to be cut off and removed.

Polyurethane foam- the material is, of course, durable, but using it for roof insulation is short-sighted. You are essentially burying the rafters in a layer of polyurethane foam. You will not be able to inspect their condition without removing the material. This is a very significant drawback - the roof becomes irreparable.

Ecowool can be used in attic floors, different large area and space. This is due to the fact that the ecowool layer for roof insulation is 500 mm; this is exactly the width of the space that will have to be allocated for the structure into which the ecowool will be blown.

How to properly insulate a roof

Once you have decided on the material, it’s time to familiarize yourself with the technology for working with it. The entire structure of the insulated roof will depend on the selected material, as well as the location of its installation.

There are several options for arranging roof insulation: laying insulation between the rafters, laying insulation outside under the roofing material, installing insulation inside the attic room up to the rafters and blowing the material onto the surface between the rafters. Let's take a closer look at some of them, the most popular ones, in which more mistakes are made.

Laying insulation between rafters

As an example, let's consider the option when mineral (basalt) wool is laid between the rafters in a layer of 250 mm. This material requires strict adherence installation technologies.

Mineral wool insulation cake (from inside to outside):

• Finishing material (plasterboard);
• Ventilation gap;
• Vapor barrier membrane (protects mineral wool from vapors);
• Mineral (basalt) wool;
• Waterproofing membrane (releases steam out, but does not let water in);
• Ventilation gap;
• Roofing material.

It is convenient to carry out all work on roof insulation in this way at the stage of building a house, but if the moment is missed, you will have to remove the roofing material, otherwise the result will be of poor quality.

Stages of work:

• After mounted truss structure roofs, but have not yet started laying the roofing material, you need to take care roof waterproofing. To do this, a waterproofing superdiffusion membrane is spread over the rafters. It is important not to mix up the sides, since one side does not allow water to pass through, and the other does not. reverse side steam. Laying should be done on the side that is moisture-proof. Start work from the bottom, from eaves overhang, moving up. The canvases are laid with an overlap of at least 10 - 15 cm, and the joints are taped with construction tape. Waterproofing film It should not be laid in tension, as with the onset of frost it will shrink and may be damaged at the fastening points. Therefore, they spread it with a sag of approximately 2 cm by 1 m. The film is attached to the rafters with staples construction stapler If you don’t have such a tool, you can use galvanized nails with a wide head.
• Next stage - formation ventilation gap , through which excess vapors escaping from the insulation will be removed. On top of the waterproofing is a sheathing made of wooden slats thickness from 2.5 to 5 cm. The thickness depends on the width of the ventilation gap that is required. The slats are secured with galvanized self-tapping screws, having previously made holes in the slats so as not to once again injure the waterproofing film with a sharp object.
• Mounted on top of the sheathing roofing material.

• Next stage - laying insulation, so you need to move inside the attic space. First, unpack the mineral wool and let it rest until it takes on its normal shape. Then the canvases and slabs (as is more convenient) are cut into the required lengths. The distance between the rafters is taken as a basis. The width of the mineral wool sheet should be equal to the distance between the rafters plus 20 - 30 mm to create tension so that the material becomes “expanded”. You can cut mineral wool with an ordinary construction knife, but be sure to wear gloves, a respirator and thick clothing so that microparticles of the material do not get on the skin.

• Then the mineral wool sheets are pushed into the space between the rafters. The edges of the material near the rafters will turn out to be slightly curved, so you need to press on the middle of the canvas, it will spring back and the edges will straighten.

• New stage - arrangement of vapor barrier. A vapor barrier film is spread and attached on top of the mineral wool sheets, which will not allow wet vapors from the living space to pass into the insulation. The film sheets are also laid with an overlap, glued with tape and attached to the rafters with the staples of a construction stapler.
• Then it executes ventilation gap so that the vapor accumulated near the film can evaporate. To do this, a sheathing of 25 mm thick slats is placed on top of the vapor barrier film.
• Mounted on top of the sheathing finishing material walls and the attic ceiling - most often it is plasterboard.

Insulated roof - photo example.

This completes the roof insulation. All materials are in place: wooden rafters and insulation are reliably protected from moisture that can enter through a leaky roof, the insulation from the inside is protected from steam that comes from the room, and the entire structure is repairable. If there is a need to inspect the condition of the rafters, you will have to dismantle the drywall, sheathing and vapor barrier film, and then reinstall it.

If you want to insulate the roof of an old house and do not want to remove the roofing material, you can fix the waterproofing membrane from the inside attic space, wrapping it around the rafters and wrapping it inside the space between the rafters. Insulation is laid on top. This design is worse than the previous one, since the rafters are unprotected from the influence environment.

If you are interested in a question, how to insulate soft roof , then the answer is simple - using the same technology as described above. The only difference is that moisture-resistant plywood is stuffed onto the sheathing, which forms the gap between the waterproofing membrane and the roofing material. A soft roof is laid on top of the plywood sheets and secured.

Insulation of a flat roof

The insulation technology stands apart flat roof. There is no way to install insulation between the rafters, and laying it on top of the roof is fraught with the difficulty that the material must be extremely durable. This way, mineral wool and ecowool, as well as polyurethane foam, are swept away and only extruded polystyrene foam and high-rigidity basalt wool slabs remain.

Installation of an insulated flat roof:

• Vapor barrier on top of the roof (not necessary for EPS);
• Extruded polystyrene foam slabs or basalt wool slabs;
• Waterproofing with bitumen mastic and roofing felt;
• Screed made of cement-sand mixture.

Stages of work:

• Flat roofs most often consist of either a floor slab, or, less commonly, corrugated sheets. It is necessary to spread a vapor barrier film on top of the floor slab. If corrugated sheeting is laid on the roof, then vapor barrier material not needed at this stage.

• Extruded polystyrene foam slabs are laid on top of the film, always spaced apart. Fastened with dowel nails. It is better if the EPS is laid in two layers - the first is thicker than 70 - 170 mm, and the second is smaller - 30 - 50 mm. The main thing is that the joints of the plates do not coincide, this way all the cold bridges in the form of cracks will be blocked.

• Roofing felt and TechnoNIKOL are spread on top of the EPS and glued to the slabs, for example, using bitumen mastic. This is the main layer of waterproofing flat roof, so it must be done very carefully, without leaving any gaps and trying not to damage the coating.
• Lay roofing felt on top of the waterproofing concrete screed. This is mandatory if the roof will be walkable, but not necessary if people will not walk on it.

Extruded polystyrene foam slabs have unique strength and rigidity; they will not sag when walking, but basalt wool slabs are also good. Only they still have the same drawback - hygroscopicity, which EPS absolutely lacks.

Insulating the roof from the outside is usually decided out of desperation when attic room so little that every centimeter matters. In this case, the insulation can be laid on top of the rafters from the outside, and extruded polystyrene foam is used for this.

Stages of work:

• Sheet material is attached on top of the rafters - wooden boards, plywood. It will serve as the basis for the insulation.
• A vapor-proof membrane is laid on top of the sheet material (not necessary, since EPS is not afraid of moisture).
• Next, the EPS sheets are fastened with dowels with a mushroom cap, always spaced apart.
• A sheathing for the ventilation gap and a counter-lattice for fastening the roofing material are installed.
• Roofing material is attached.

Sometimes it is recommended to fix a waterproofing membrane on top of the EPS boards, but it is not necessary, since the material is not afraid of moisture.

Insulating the roof is a fairly easy task; it can be done independently. But do not forget that each material requires compliance with the technology of its use. Do not ignore the requirements for hydro- and vapor barrier of mineral wool, otherwise all your work will go down the drain.

How to insulate a roof: video instructions

It will differ depending on the type of roofing: traditional or inversion. The figures below show the “pies” of traditional (Fig. 1) and inversion (Fig. 2) roofs coated with FEM (shaped paving elements, for example, paving slabs)

Traditional flat roof insulation scheme

The insulation in both options is the same, the “place” of the insulation layer in the structure differs. IN traditional version the insulation is located under the waterproofing, and in the inversion version, above the waterproofing.

At incorrect selection During operation, thermal insulation materials can be destroyed by stress and can also become wet. If the thickness of thermal insulation on ceilings is incorrectly calculated interior spaces Wet spots (condensation) may form. The thickness of the insulation layer is determined by calculation.

Insulation for an existing roof - requirements

For different types roofs are used different types materials. In traditional roofs, the thermal insulation is located below the waterproofing layer, as with. Insulation materials that are susceptible to getting wet and absorbing water (property - water absorption) must be protected by a layer of waterproofing. When insulation gets wet, it thermal characteristics are getting worse. For example, with an increase in humidity by 5%, cotton wool thermal insulation materials lose their thermal properties by 50%, i.e. 2 times. With a traditional arrangement, waterproofing is exposed to temperature changes (winter-summer, day-night), the material ages, and the service life of the entire roof is reduced. When installing a thermal insulation layer above the waterproofing layer (inversion roofing), the effect of temperatures on waterproofing is reduced, but the service life of the roof is not reduced. In inversion roofs, the insulation has direct contact with water. In such roofs, insulation with low water absorption should be used - less than 0.5% by volume. Such materials do not absorb water and retain their thermal functions throughout the entire service life of the roof. These are materials with a closed cell structure, such as extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) or foam glass.

Hence the basic requirements for insulation:

So let's summarize. In an existing roof of a traditional design, the following can be used as insulation:

• mineral wool, slab, density 200 kg/m3;
• foam glass in blocks.

In an inverted roof in use, the following can be used as insulation:

• EPPS (density from 30 kg/m3 and above);
• foam glass in blocks.

Flat roofs are less popular in private buildings compared to pitched roofs. They are mainly used in the construction of multi-storey residential buildings and industrial facilities. According to statistics, only 5% of private houses and cottages have a roof of this type.

But when constructing outbuildings, garages, terraces this type roofs are used quite often. Flat roofs are affected various kinds loads: precipitation, wind, temperature changes, sun, installation loads, etc. Therefore, insulating a flat roof is a complex undertaking that requires a thorough approach.

Thermal insulation technologies

The method of insulation and the sequence of work depends on the type of flat roof. They are traditional and inversion. Inversion roofs are usually used. Traditional roofs additional functions do not comply.

Thermal insulation of a traditional roof

The “roofing pie” of a traditional type roof is made of the following layers:

• concrete base or metal profile;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation material;
• waterproofing layer.

The sequence of layers for thermal protection inversion roof somewhat different. IN in this case The insulation system looks like this:

• load-bearing base;
• waterproofing;
• insulation material;
• geotextiles;
• backfilling with crushed stone;
• finishing coating.

Operated and non-operated roofs

Unexploited roofs serve only the main protective function.
The surfaces of exploited roofs can additionally serve as a garden, terrace, sports ground, relaxation area. Therefore, the insulating structure of the roof in use must be especially strong and reliable. When installing a single-layer insulation system on such a roof, a concrete screed must be placed on top of the insulation.

Green roof.

Single and double layer insulation

Depending on the number of layers of insulation, the insulation system can be two-layer or single-layer.
With a single layer system thermal insulation layer executed from insulation material same density. In this case, the heat insulator must be sufficiently dense and durable.

This design is usually used during reconstruction old roof or during the construction of warehouses, industrial buildings and garages.

When installing a two-layer insulation system, two layers of insulation are laid. The bottom layer has the main heat-protective function. It has more compared to top layer thick, tall thermal insulation characteristics. In this case, the strength of the material can be relatively small.

The top layer of insulation additionally has the function of redistributing the load. Its thickness is smaller, but the density and compressive strength should be high.

The two-layer design allows for high strength insulation systems with relatively low weight. As a result, the load on the floors is reduced.

Material selection

When choosing insulation for a flat roof, you need to consider following characteristics material:

• strength;
• density;
• thermal insulation properties;
• Fire safety;
• soundproofing characteristics.

The following materials can be used for thermal insulation:

• mineral basalt wool, due to the air in the structure, the material has high thermal insulation properties, and the insulation fibers adhere tightly to each other, providing it with high tensile strength;
• ecowool - a cellulose material that is treated with fire retardants to make the insulation non-flammable;
• polyurethane foam - a modern sprayed heat insulator that forms a uniform surface without seams;
• extruded polystyrene foam - popular insulation, which has good thermal insulation qualities, is not afraid of moisture, is easy to install, and is affordable;
• foam concrete - modern material, as strong as concrete and light as foam.

Laying vapor barrier

When insulating a traditional roof, a vapor barrier material must be laid on top of the base. If this is not done, the insulation will gradually accumulate moisture and lose its thermal insulation properties, air pockets will form, and the roof will deform.

Polyethylene and polypropylene films or built-up bitumen materials can act as a vapor barrier. The lack of films is the presence of seams. Bituminous materials form a homogeneous, tear-resistant surface.

The vapor barrier must be laid not only on a horizontal surface, but also on the wall just above the level of the insulation.

Installation of insulation

After laying the vapor barrier layer, you can proceed to the installation of insulating material.

Thermal insulation with mineral wool

Not every type of mineral wool is suitable for insulating a flat roof. The material must have sufficient strength to withstand the loads during installation and operation. Therefore, special high-strength mineral plates are used.

Installation of insulation can be done in two ways: dowels or bitumen. The process of attaching to bitumen is quite complex and expensive. Therefore, this method of installing slabs is advisable when laying them on a concrete base. Then you won’t have to buy specialized dowels, which are more expensive, and drill holes in the concrete.

If the base is made of a profiled sheet, then it is more convenient to fasten the slabs mechanically using adhesive compositions or dowels. In case it is intended to install cement-sand screed, it is not necessary to secure the slabs.

When choosing mechanical method When fastening insulation for a flat roof, the vapor barrier must be made of fused materials so that the resulting holes in the base can be closed.

When laying insulation in two layers, the lower slabs are coated with bitumen, and the upper ones are installed so that the seams between the slabs of the upper and lower layers do not coincide. This is necessary to prevent the formation of cold bridges.

Application of expanded polystyrene

The principles of roof insulation with extruded polystyrene foam are similar to insulation with mineral wool. At the same time, polystyrene foam boards have slot locks, which greatly simplify the installation process. To prevent moisture from entering, all seams are taped.

Waterproofing

To protect the roof from water, it is necessary to lay a waterproofing layer. Moreover, on traditional roofs it is installed on top of the insulation, and on inversion roofs - under the insulation. Laying waterproofing membrane occurs on the same principle as the installation of vapor barrier. Waterproofing can be made of rolled, fused materials or profiled steel sheets.

Polyurethane foam insulation

The stages of work described above can be skipped if you use modern material such as polyurethane foam as insulation. It is sprayed onto the insulated surface using special installations. The result is an even, sealed layer without seams. Additional vapor and waterproofing is no longer required. The material can be applied to almost any substrate. Service life - from 25 years. The disadvantages of polyurethane foam insulation are its high cost and the need to call specialists.

How successfully the insulation of a flat roof will be completed depends on strict adherence to certain rules and generally accepted technology. Let's list some of them.

Following instructions

Any modern insulation system requires compliance with a number of rules established by the manufacturer. Basically, the procedure is the same everywhere. The difference lies in the details. Some types of insulation require the use of only certain adhesives. If you take another one, you will damage the surface. Therefore, when purchasing finished system Be sure to check the manufacturer's instructions.

Preparing the base

Before carrying out insulation work, the base must be carefully prepared. It must be cleared of ice or snow in winter and freed from moisture and debris in summer.

Correct installation process

Installation of insulation is carried out “by yourself”. You should start from the edge that is opposite the roof exit. You need to move along special inventory walkways to evenly distribute the mechanical load. The laying direction changes periodically.

When building a private house, gable, hip and other types of roofs are traditionally used. A flat exploitable roof is less common. Such structures are often used in the construction of outbuildings. But, in last years You can increasingly see flat roofs during construction residential buildings. The popularity of the design is explained by the large additional space. This type of roof is perfect for owners of small plots: on a used flat roof you can organize a space for leisure and recreation or even a small garden.

Types of flat roofs

There are flat roofs exploited And unexploited. It’s easy to guess that the difference lies in the name: unused roofs not intended for long-term loads. They are used on buildings that do not require frequent roof maintenance, such as garages. The roofing pie on such structures consists of a base insulation and a rolled finishing coating.

Operated flat roofs have more complex design and a layer of insulation. The first layer is a rough layer of boards or timber, then comes a vapor barrier film, tile insulation and finishing material. The roof design provides reinforced overlap. Such a roof allows you to avoid spending money on the construction of house extensions, but it is not cheap.

A ready-to-use flat roof can withstand long-term loads and repairs well.

Design Features

The design of a flat roof in use is a complex multi-layer system:

• Base. Most often, houses with a flat roof are built from concrete or blocks, so for the base of the roof they take reinforced concrete slabs. The material can withstand the constant presence of people, small superstructures in the form of gazebos and other things.
• Detour. Despite the fact that the roof is called flat, there is not always a slight slope. This is necessary for the formation sewage system Houses. The layer is laid on concrete slab to form inclined planes, often used for this purpose bulk materials, for example, expanded clay. Recently, sloping tile insulation has been used for this purpose.
• Vapor barrier. Warm air, along with steam, tends to rise upward, and this is detrimental to thermal insulation materials and structural parts of the building. For guard roofing pie from moisture use a vapor barrier film.
• Thermal insulation. A large percentage of heat loss in a room occurs through the roof. Insulation allows you to retain heat in your home, thereby reducing heating or electricity bills (in houses with electric heating). Minimum thickness insulation 15 cm, the amount varies depending on the climate.
• Waterproofing. The waterproofing layer protects the thermal insulation from exposure external environment. The density of the material is chosen taking into account climatic conditions.
• Finish coating. The material for roofing is selected depending on the purpose of the space. For a garden or gazebo, a lawn is laid; in barbecue areas, a screed or fill material is used.

Important! Special attention When constructing a roof, attention is paid to the quality of the vapor and waterproofing layer. Saving on these materials can cause a violation of the thermal insulation properties.

Creation of a drainage system

To create a drainage system on flat roofs, a ramp is erected. It protects roofs during the rainy season and melting snow.

Typically, the roof slope is set at 1-5 degrees, this value is sufficient for the functioning of the drainage system. When present on such a roof, such a slope is not felt and does not interfere with the arrangement. In addition to the slope, funnels are installed to drain water. Using pipes, water is removed from the house to the outside or into special containers.

The slope structure on the roof is mounted from different materials depending on the budget, roof structure and function of the space.

Concrete screed with the addition of polymers or bulk components

A simple concrete screed is not used in such structures due to the excessive load on the concrete slab. Therefore, the so-called “lightweight concrete” is used. With the same volume as a regular one, it has less weight. Most often it contains expanded clay, expanded polystyrene chips or other polymers. The screed is poured in the same way as a regular one, but the guides are installed at the desired angle. The disadvantage of this method is that it cannot be used in the cold season: this can damage the screed.

Bulk materials

Bulk materials are very cheap compared to other types of raw materials for this structure. To create a slope, expanded clay or stone chips are poured at the desired angle, and then filled with liquid cement mortar. It, in turn, holds the stones together and maintains the slope angle. However, with long-term use, the adhesive property of cement may decrease and the slope may be disrupted.

Sloped tile insulation

In recent years, when constructing houses with a flat roof that is in use, tile insulation materials are used for slope, such as glass insulation, foam concrete, foam glass, etc. It is very simple to create a slope using tile material; even an untrained person can handle it. An important advantage This method is due to the low weight of the structure. Insulation boards are glued with special liquids to the waterproofing layers.

A thin layer is poured over the slope-forming layer. cement screed, after which they begin further work.

Regardless of the type of material, the bending requires installation sewage structures, they are installed on all areas of the roof.

Vapor barrier

The vapor barrier is laid on the base; the function of this layer is to retain steam rising from the room. Violation or incorrect installation of this layer will lead to swelling and destruction upper layers"roofing pie". Therefore, during construction you should not neglect or skimp on vapor barrier. For these works, film and weldable materials are used. The first include polyethylene and polypropylene films. The disadvantage of this method is the possible violation of the tightness of the seams. Fused materials, such as bitumen, are stronger than film materials. The thickness of the layer protects the coating from tears

Note! Using vapor barrier films use special tape or duct tape for sealing seams.

Thermal insulation

Various slab insulation materials, such as mineral wool or basalt slabs, are used as insulation for flat roofs. The material is laid in one or two layers depending on the climate and thickness. The second method is considered more reliable. Laying slab insulation It’s very simple and you can do it yourself. The insulation is attached to the base with adhesives, dowels or bitumen. The latter method is used less frequently due to labor intensity and high cost. During installation, bitumen is applied, heated, then the slabs are laid, and so on until the end. If an additional layer is necessary, the insulation is laid so that the upper slabs overlap the joints of the lower ones.

Important! If the thermal insulation is fastened with dowels, then only weld-on materials are used as a vapor barrier. Otherwise, the tightness of the layer is broken.

Waterproofing

For waterproofing a flat roof, welded and rolled materials. The technology for installing both is simple and does not require special preparation.

Before laying waterproofing, thoroughly clean the surface of debris using construction vacuum cleaner or other equipment. After that, drainage funnels and joints of slabs or other structures are washed using a drill with a brush attachment.

When the mechanical debris has been removed, begin washing the roof of dust. To do this, use special equipment with high water pressure. The following types of coatings are used for waterproofing:

• Roofing felt consists of special cardboard impregnated with bitumen. The material is very easy to install and has a low cost. Roofing felt RKK and RPK are used for the roof; they have exceptional protective properties. Significant disadvantages of the material include a negative reaction to ultraviolet radiation: with prolonged use in the sun, the material loses its properties and becomes brittle. The material is suitable for those who plan to purchase a more expensive coating in the future or are ready to make repairs and replacements every 5-7 years.
• Rolled materials using polymer compounds and bitumen are stronger than roofing felt. There are many types of coating to suit every taste and pocket. They are easy to install and operate; all you need is a cutting tool and a torch.
• PVC membrane at correct operation can last up to 50 years, and they are also resistant to environmental influences. There are types of coating that can withstand negative temperatures of 55-70 degrees. Installation of the material is very simple: rolls are rolled out and attached to the coating with an adhesive compound.

When purchasing waterproofing, you must take into account the climatic conditions of your area.

For more information on the progress of waterproofing a flat roof, watch the video:

Flat roofs of buildings are often made usable - this way you can get additional space for development by placing on the roof, for example, a recreation area, a garden, a terrace, a sports ground or a summer cafe.

Insulation of a used flat roof is necessary to improve its heat-saving characteristics - this is especially true in the case of residential buildings.

Apart from what proper flat roof insulation does temperature regime inside the building is comfortable to stay in, she performs another important function. With a technically competent arrangement of layers of not only heat but also vapor barrier inside the roofing pie, sudden temperature changes do not occur and condensation does not form. With absence negative influence moisture, the roof will last much longer, while maintaining its performance properties.

Stages of work on insulating an existing flat roof

Insulation of flat roofs can be carried out in one layer (as a rule, this is sufficient for industrial and commercial buildings) or in two to obtain a more pronounced effect (relevant for residential buildings). In addition, the layers of the roofing cake can be arranged in different orders.

Unlike the "classics", when the carrier concrete floor vapor barrier, insulation and waterproofing are laid sequentially; the inversion method involves installing a drainage cushion made of crushed stone, gravel or expanded clay on top of the slab; Next comes waterproofing, insulation, concrete pouring and finishing coat. This organization of the roof structure allows you to protect the waterproofing layer from the influence of ultraviolet radiation, temperature changes and mechanical damage, extending its service life.

PIR board PirroStucco- thermal insulation board made of rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR), lined on both sides with fiberglass, ensuring high adhesion building mixtures and adhesives.

Why is it better to use PIR boards?

There are special requirements for insulation materials for used flat roofs: physical and mechanical properties must comply increased loads. At the same time, the material should be as light as possible and minimally water and heat permeable.

PIR boards, the main material for the production of which is cellular polyisocyanurate, have a number of advantages that make them especially suitable for insulating existing flat roofs:

1. High strength PIR for compression and rupture avoids its deformation. Thus, the basis under roofing(for example, a PVC membrane) will remain flat during operation, and the thermophysical characteristics of the coating will not change.

2. The low weight of PIR facilitates the work of laying the material and reduces the load that the roof puts on the supporting structures of the building.

3. PIR boards create continuous thermal circuit even when laid in one layer, the absence of cold bridges due to the profiling of the ends of the slabs increases the effectiveness of insulation.

4. The large area of ​​the slabs speeds up the installation process and allows minimizing the number of slab joints under the waterproofing layer, which is important for creating an even base for the roofing and extending its service life. In addition, the PirroGroup product range includes easy-to-use components for laying the roof - special wedge-shaped PirroSlope slabs. They are designed to create a slope-forming layer on flat roofs, create slopes in valleys between water intake funnels, and drain water from parapets.

6. PIR has high fire resistance and good fireproof characteristics - in particular, it does not melt and does not form burning drops.

Technical characteristics of PirroStucco PIR boards

Laying and fastening of PirroStucco PIR boards

• PirroStucco thermal insulating boards 1200x2400 mm or 1200x1200 mm are glued to the base or laid freely, depending on the weight of the load, in accordance with the project.
• In case of glue method hot applied bitumen adhesive is used to fasten the slabs. Moreover, if the glue is applied in a continuous continuous layer, it can be considered as a vapor barrier layer. If a vapor barrier has already been completed, the slabs can be glued spot by cold method using bitumen glue or polyurethane glue.
• In both cases, the strength of the adhesive layer will be ensured by the high adhesive properties of lining the slab with fiberglass. In the PirroStucco brand it is located on both sides. The tear strength of the cladding is at least 180 kPa according to the GOST EN 1607 method.
• The slabs are laid in checkerboard pattern. When installing in two layers, the slabs of the second layer must overlap the joints of the slabs of the first layer.
• It is possible to completely glue PirroStucco using hot bitumen glue directly to the base or partially glue it to cold glue based on bitumen or polyurethane over a vapor barrier.
• The waterproofing roof membrane must be installed immediately after the insulation is installed.

Waterproofing device

• Single-layer polymer membranes are used as a waterproofing layer. Depending on the project and the weight of the load, the membrane is glued to the thermal insulation or laid loosely, the joints of the membrane panels are welded with hot air. When installing the membrane, you must follow the instructions of the manufacturer of the membrane you are using.
• On the surface waterproofing material a layer of geotextile weighing 350-400 g/m2 is laid. Geotextiles are necessary to protect the waterproofing layer from being pressed by gravel edges. A layer of gravel with a fraction of 5-20 is laid over the geotextile. The thickness of the gravel layer is determined by the project.
• Paving slabs are laid over a leveled layer of gravel.
• For drainage, conventional single-level funnels are used, installed in the waterproofing layer. The funnel can be covered with a layer of gravel and covered with paving slabs on top.
• This design roofs can be used not only for constructing roofs in use, but also for protecting the roofing carpet on roofs adjacent to residential buildings.

List of design elements:

1. Concrete base
2. Vapor barrier
3. PIR boards PirroStucco
4. Waterproofing
5. Protective filter layer
6. Gravel drainage layer
7. Paving slabs