Well masonry with effective insulation in high-rise buildings. Well masonry. Should well masonry be used in construction?

Well masonry is one of the methods for constructing three-layer external walls of a building, which allows saving brick consumption by an average of 15%.
The bricks are laid in longitudinal rows with crossbars, forming wells (well masonry). Another popular name is known - layered masonry: the walls consist of layers connected into a single load-bearing structure.

Description of the features of well masonry

A peculiarity of wall cladding with brick in well masonry is its slow heating and long cooling, expressed in small fluctuations average daily temperatures.
The strength of the walls of well masonry (brickwork with insulation) with cavities is reduced, so fastening diaphragms made of mortar and brick are used with the laying of reinforcing mesh, which is fixed simultaneously in the outer and inner layers masonry
The disadvantage of layered masonry, expressed in air infiltration through the cavities, can be removed by plastering brick walls.

Technology for performing well masonry work

1. 2 rows of well masonry bricks are laid on the foundation waterproofing in the transverse direction (close to each other, without gaps).
2. Two separate brick walls of the well masonry are formed, separated by a distance of 13-14 cm. The cavity is intended for subsequent filling with insulation.
3. After 600-1200 mm, transverse diaphragms are installed in the walls, located directly under the supports of the floor beams.
4. To connect the brickwork of adjacent walls into one system, wire ties are used.
5. When creating a diaphragm, the distance between the bricks of the well masonry is approximately 2.5 cm (the voids are later filled with bulk insulation). The exception is window and doorways, where brick laying is done “continuously”.
6. When completing the installation of three-layer lightweight masonry, the bricks are again placed tightly together. Used for reinforcing coating metal mesh.
7. On the last brick layer of the layered masonry, beams are installed to serve as supports for the lower purlins of the roof rafters and floor beams.
8. The process of working on well masonry is completed by installing roll waterproofing.

1. Thermal insulation from stone wool wrapped in film. Insulation slabs for well masonry based on mineral wool are secured with plastic brackets or asbestos cement fasteners.
2. When constructing high-rise buildings, corners and junctions of internal and external walls should be reinforced.
3. The use of well masonry for objects used in conditions high humidity.

Thermal protection of well masonry

• The middle thermal insulation layer, located between the brick walls, is filled with insulation. It could be bulk mineral material, resistant to biological corrosion (expanded clay, slag, sawdust), poured (lightweight concrete based on an inorganic binder in the form of gypsum, lime, clay, cement) or molded (slabs of basalt wool, glass wool). Bulk insulation well (layered) masonry must be carefully compacted every 10-15 cm.
• Between isolation and outer wall a ventilation gap is created to allow free movement of air. Load-bearing wall thickness well masonry– 120 mm, internal – 120-380 mm, thermal insulation – 100-250 mm.
• Parameter thermal resistance The walls of the well masonry may shrink over time due to shrinkage of the wall insulation and the presence of flexible metal connections, which are “cold bridges.” Therefore, it is necessary to carefully select materials before starting work.

Buy materials for well masonry

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Well masonry of brick walls can significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of the walls, due to which the energy efficiency of the building significantly increases. The peculiarity of this installation method is that it consists of three layers: the outer and inner layers are made of blocks and bricks, and the gap between them (the well) is filled with a heat insulator. The fact is that, in accordance with modern building codes, even in mid-latitudes there is sufficient thermal insulation in winter conditions can be achieved with a thickness of a solid brick structure of about two meters.

a) - d) Different variants masonry
1. Brick walls of openings. 2. A layer of insulation that fills the openings. 3. Vertical diaphragms (liners between wells).

Kolodtsevaya (well), in contrast to ordinary brick masonry walls, belongs to the category of modern progressive construction technologies. It should be borne in mind that this bricklaying technology, like any other, has both advantages and disadvantages. Its advantages include the following factors:

• the ability to build a building with an acceptable thickness of main walls, but fully complying with thermal conductivity to building codes;
• reducing the time and cost of building construction plus saving bricks;
• reducing the load on the foundation by reducing the weight of the structure.

In the same time brickwork walls using the well method with insulation also has its weaknesses:

• the homogeneity and, as a consequence, the strength of the structure decreases;
• at low outside temperatures in thermal insulation layer Condensation may form;
• Strong heating of brick walls during the hot season can lead to damage to the insulation.

Types of well laying

Features of the options for well-laying brick walls are determined by their following parameters:

• overall thickness of the structure;
• thickness of the outer wall;
• the length and width of the openings formed in the space between the brick walls;
• the type of insulation used;
• the features of the device and the material from which horizontal and vertical lintels in brick walls are made, reinforcing the latter.

The total thickness of brick walls when laid in a well can vary from 33 to 62 cm. The thickness of the outer walls can be a quarter of a brick (brick on an edge), half a brick (spoon rows), 1 brick (alternating butt and spoon rows). The most often chosen thickness of both external walls is half a brick, but it can be different.

The width of the openings (the distance between the outer walls) can have one of the following values: half a brick, three quarters, 1 brick or one and a half bricks. The length of these openings should not be more than 1.17 m. Some variants of schemes according to which well brickwork can be carried out are shown in Fig. 1.

Digital symbols on these diagrams:

1. Brick walls of openings.
2. A layer of insulation that fills the openings.
3. Vertical diaphragms (liners between wells).

Descriptions shown in Fig. 1 laying schemes:

• a structure with a total thickness of 33 cm, with outer walls a quarter brick thick (Fig. 1a);
• wall having total thickness 51 cm, with outer walls half a brick thick and an opening width of 1 brick (Fig. 1b);
• a structure with different thicknesses of outer walls and the width of half-brick openings (Fig. 1c);
• the same configuration of the outer walls with an opening width of 1 brick (Fig. 1d);
• through wells with vertical partitions up to the middle part of the masonry (Fig. 1e).

Filling made of bulk materials (sawdust, slag, expanded clay), polystyrene foam boards, basalt mineral wool, and concrete-based fills can be used as insulation. You can calculate the cost of labor and materials to perform such work using the GESN 08-02-014 table.

a)-c) Sequence of laying rows.
1. External and internal walls of the well. 2. An opening filled with insulation. 3. Vertical jumpers (diaphragms). 4.

Sequence of masonry

If you have at least minimal experience, bricklaying external walls should not cause serious difficulties. Requires competent calculation, accuracy and strict order of execution of the technological process:

1. First, the first two continuous rows of bricks are laid on the foundation on top of the waterproofing. The first row is often made with stitching. This will be the base of the well.
2. Vertical jumpers are laid out at the required distance from each other.
3. The selection of lintels is carried out so that the floor beams are located above them. Vertical jumpers should be installed every 0.5-1.17 m.
4. Adjacent walls must be connected with wire ties.
5. Installation of window and doorways, as well as the last few rows should be continuous.
6. Waterproofing is laid on top of the last layer.

At low-rise construction well masonry is an ideal option. In this case it is ensured optimal selection combination of material consumption, labor intensity and quality of thermal insulation. Its main disadvantage is that after construction is completed it is almost impossible to replace the insulation.

It is worth noting that in well installation with mineral wool, additional insulation is possible. To do this, ecowool, perlite or similar insulation materials are blown into the openings through small holes in the wall. But with proper calculation and correct selection materials, such an operation is not required.

Technology and implementation features

a)-c) Three options for laying the corner of a building
1. External and internal walls of the well. 2. An opening filled with insulation. 3. Vertical jumpers (diaphragms).
Horizontal lintel (reinforcing mesh or reinforcement).

As already noted, the complexity of well masonry is somewhat higher than usual, but it is not difficult to master it if you have experience as a mason. With little work experience, it is advisable to arm yourself with a detailed order drawing. This is especially important on initial stage. An example of fragments of such a drawing is shown in Fig. 2.

Here in Fig. 2a shows a diagram of odd ones, and Fig. 2b - even rows of masonry. To ensure reliable connection between the walls, after every sixth row, horizontal jumper. For this purpose, reinforcing mesh is usually used (see Fig. 2c).

In the same figure, indicated by numbers:

1. External and internal walls of the well.
2. An opening filled with insulation.
3. Vertical jumpers (diaphragms).
4. Horizontal lintel (reinforcing mesh or reinforcement).

The laying of vertical lintels must be securely tied to the longitudinal walls. Their thickness can be 1-3 horizontal rows. The greater the thickness of the lintels, the stronger the structure, but the thermal insulation deteriorates. Instead of brick ones, it is possible to select lintels from reinforcing pins 6-8 mm thick. For reliability, their ends are bent.

The layout of the corners can also be done differently. The structure of several of its variants is shown in Fig. 3. The digital designations here are the same as in Fig. 2. Brief characteristics these options:

• the option that provides only two parallel walls (a) is the most economical, but also the least durable;
• option with thickening of the outer walls (b) requires more building materials, but the strength of the masonry increases;
• the option with a continuous laying of the corner (c) is the most durable, but also the least economical.

At least two rows of bricks under window openings must be continuous. In addition, in these cases, it is desirable to strengthen the brick walls with reinforcing mesh. When the laying of the external walls is completed, above last row Typically, a reinforced concrete reinforcing belt is poured. This is especially important when it is planned to build a brick pediment.

As already noted, for all its advantages, the well structure is not its most durable option. Therefore, in order to support a fairly heavy brick pediment, the presence of a reinforcing belt is highly desirable.

And one more important note. Like any brickwork in winter conditions, the well should be done with doubling the number of reinforced joints, ensuring the strengthening of the brickwork, and using the appropriate mortar. The backfill inside the wells must be absolutely dry and free of frozen inclusions. It is also advisable to use additional liners made of dry cinder blocks.

Of course, ring masonry is an option that is convenient to perform and use, quite affordable in price, but requires care and precision in work.

Rice. 1 Well masonry

A - fragment of masonry; B - sequential placement of bricks during laying right angle walls; 1 - insulation; 2 - diaphragm made of interlocking bricks

This construction technique allows you to reduce brick consumption by 15-20% compared to solid brickwork. Options for well masonry are characterized by different strength and stability (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2 Options for well masonry - top view (in mm)

A - well masonry with two bricks; B - well masonry of 2.5 bricks: B - modified well masonry; 1 - brickwork; 2 - thermal insulation; 3 - foam concrete

The layers in the well masonry are connected by vertical diaphragms, the distance between which should not exceed 1170 mm. In Fig. Figure 3 shows a masonry plan with an adjacent internal wall.

Rice. 3 Lightweight well masonry with an adjacent internal wall (dimensions in mm)

A - masonry plan of the corner; B - masonry plan for the junction of the inner wall with the outer one; 1 - transverse vertical diaphragm; 2 - backfill insulation

It goes without saying that the strength of the wall when laying wells is reduced. Therefore, at the lower level of the floor slabs and two rows below window openings along the entire perimeter of external and load-bearing walls arrange horizontal solution diaphragms.

Rice. 4 Lightweight masonry with mortar diaphragms

A - with brick diaphragms; B, C - with solution diaphragms reinforced with steel reinforcement; 1 - backfill or lightweight concrete; 2 - reinforcing steel; 3 - solution

Such diaphragms are formed by reinforcing mesh, which is inserted simultaneously into the inner and outer layers of the masonry and protected with a layer of sand-cement mortar. The disadvantage of well masonry is increased air infiltration through air cavities.

Rice. 5 Corner lightweight well masonry (dimensions in mm)

1 - transverse vertical diaphragm; 2 - backfill insulation

The longitudinal walls of the wells are laid out in rows of spoons. The second row of outer and inner versts is laid out with spoons, the transverse walls of the wells with pokes. The ligation of the transverse walls with the longitudinal ones is carried out through a row.

The wells begin to be filled with insulation after the construction of 4-5 rows of masonry. Corners with three-row diaphragms significantly increase the strength of the structure.

Rice. 6 Corner masonry with three-row diaphragms

1 - insulation; 2 - mortar screed; 3 - area of ​​continuous masonry; 4 - mortar screed; 5 - diaphragms from three rows of masonry

A special feature of these walls is solid masonry in the corners. The construction of the corner begins with laying two three-fours in the outer verst. From the first to the third row there is continuous masonry with a single-row dressing system.

At the level of the fourth row, space is left for laying insulation. On top of the insulation they make mortar screed, along which they continue laying the corner with diaphragms in the same sequence.

Well masonry involves the creation of a three-layer structure, in which the gap between the outer and inner brick rows remains empty during the construction phase. After he.

If we talk about what types of insulation are available for such thermal insulation, then almost any options are possible. As a rule, they are cement mortar mixed with straw or sawdust, slag and mineral wool. An excellent and very common solution is to choose a foam base for insulation.

The profitability of this material is explained by the fact that polystyrene foam has a low cost, but its insulating properties are very good. In the cold season it perfectly retains heat inside the building, and in the warm season it keeps it cool.

Advantages of well masonry

This type of insulation, such as well masonry with insulation, contains many significant benefits. Let us analyze in detail its positive qualities:

• this method allows you to reduce the amount of brick for work by about 18 percent (compared to solid masonry);
• it is not necessary to use “warm” styling solutions;
• the resulting overlap is light in weight and of average thickness, that is wall materials save money, and the load on the foundation is softened;
• if the installation rules are strictly followed, there is no threat of condensation on the inside of the wall;
• The thermal insulation turns out to be resistant to fires, that is, fireproof;
• The facade of the house gains aesthetics without any additional costs.

Polystyrene foam as insulation: characteristic features

In order to choose a truly reliable material - a heat insulator, it is important to find out in advance unique properties. What kind of insulation does it have? specifications?

1. Ability to form complex configurations. The structure of the foam is such that with certain processing it easily changes its shape, adapting to specific needs;
2. At low density, foam is characterized by high resistance to compression. Thus, he can withstand a fair amount of pressure.
3. Has a low level of thermal conductivity.
4. The fire resistance of the material is manifested in the fact that under the influence of fire it gradually melts and does not burst into flames, spreading with catastrophic speed. However, it is important to know: combustion leads to the appearance of a toxic odor, so face protection is necessary.
5. Excellent sound insulation ability protects against noise from the street.
6. Low moisture absorption prevents the insulation from changing its shape.
7. Foam plastic - environmentally friendly pure material. It is absolutely non-toxic and does not crumble into dust under the influence of time.
8. Well masonry with insulation is easy to install. This allows you to carry out insulation work yourself, without the involvement of qualified specialists.
9. The low cost of polystyrene foam is also a pleasant surprise.

Additional mounting accessories

Thermal insulation of a house with a well type of masonry will require the use, in addition to the foam itself, of the following auxiliary means:

• glue;
• primer;
• putty;
• polyurethane foam;
• reinforced mesh;
• base profile;
• putty knife;
• hammer;
• dowels;
• hammer drill

Insulation installation process

Now, having decided what technical characteristics polystyrene foam has as insulation, as well as having secured the necessary materials at hand, you can finally begin work. The algorithm should be like this:

1. We prepare the walls: clean them from dust and dirt, remove interfering elements. Cracks and crevices must be primed and treated with putty. It is advisable to cover the surface waterproofing film(you can attach it with a furniture stapler).
2. We mark the bottom line of the insulated wall and apply markings using a level. We fasten the base profile so that the foam does not slide down during fastening.
3. We dilute the glue according to the instructions. Apply it with a spatula thin layer along the perimeter of the foam and a little in the center. After about 20 minutes, press it firmly against the wall and level it. Each subsequent piece of foam must be checked with a level.
4. For greater reliability, it is also possible to secure the insulation with nails - umbrellas.
5. We apply a reinforcing mesh onto the glue on top of the foam. After drying, add plaster.

Well, you have found out what kind of insulation is available in the case of well-type masonry, and what is the advantage of using a material such as polystyrene foam. If all requirements are carefully followed, the result will please you high quality keeping the house warm.

Good afternoon.

Let's consider what options there are for insulating your multi-layer wall. You call it absolutely right possible types insulation: polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam (EPS), wool (mineral and fiberglass). All these insulation materials can be used. Let me explain what the fundamental difference is. Cotton insulation is a vapor-permeable material, while polystyrene foam and Eps are vapor-impermeable. If there is at least one vapor-impermeable layer in the wall, then the vapor permeability of the entire wall is practically zero. Such a layer can be: vapor barrier films, or vapor-impermeable insulation (EPS, polystyrene foam), vapor-impermeable plasters, vapor-impermeable wallpaper. Therefore, it turns out that when insulating with Eps and polystyrene foam, we end up with a vapor-impermeable wall (not breathable), and when insulating with cotton wool insulation, we get a vapor-permeable wall (breathable). How to relate to this “breathing”/“not breathing”, what is good and what is bad. Look, if the wall is designed and executed as “non-breathable”, then the room needs a high-quality forced ventilation. That's the whole difference :-). With “breathing” walls, the room is ventilated naturally, and with “non-breathing” walls, it is forced. When correctly selected and installed insulation - warmth both in “breathing” walls and in “non-breathing” walls. They build this way and that way. It’s comfortable (if everything is done correctly) in both options.

As for your concerns that “cotton wool absorbs moisture.” Indeed, a multilayer wall with cotton insulation in different time year and even at different times of the day, it manages to get wet and dry. The fact is that not that much moisture (water) condenses in the insulation (a few grams), and the wall has time to dry completely. This multi-layer wall, insulated with cotton wool, resembles (in principle of operation) an ordinary single-layer wall(made of brick, for example). The outer section of the wall gets wet and dries in the same way, even within one day. So insulate multilayer wall Cotton wool is also possible.

Now I'll bring required thicknesses insulation:

• eps - thickness 60mm (30mm+30mm)
• polystyrene foam - thickness 60mm (30mm+30mm)
• mineral wool - 100mm, density 45-60kgm3, slab positions.

I hope we have answered your question.

Onisko Valeria, editor

www.builderclub.com

Well brickwork and some features

Brick houses have been built for centuries. Until recently, the walls were laid using 3-3.5 bricks. In some areas with special harsh climate The thickness of the walls was increased to a meter, and bricklaying turned into a very labor-intensive and expensive process. A house with brick walls 750 mm thick (3 bricks) on a strong foundation, and also requiring exterior finishing- the pleasure is very expensive, not everyone can afford it.

Masonry with insulation - innovative technology, which made it possible to significantly reduce the consumption of bricks and cement and reduce the load on the foundation, that is, costs here too have decreased.

Now the brick walls serve as a frame that provides the necessary strength to the structure. There is no need to make reinforced bricklaying - thermal insulation will provide insulation.

Well masonry brick walls are two parallel walls, rigidly connected to each other and resting on one foundation. Wherein interior wall- load-bearing, and the outer - finishing. Therefore, as a rule, red is used for a load-bearing wall. hollow brick, and for the outside - facing ceramic or clinker bricks. The laying begins in the same way, the usual solid brick from the outer corners.

On the inner sides of the well masonry there are longitudinal walls at a distance of 15-50 cm from one another and transverse walls at a distance of 60-120 cm. The minimum possible well is 15x60 cm.

Key points and nuances

Well masonry has many options. A lightweight option - the transverse walls are laid in 1-3 rows. The thickness of the walls in this case is half a brick. The following options - the thickness of the internal walls increases and the transverse walls (ligations) are arranged more often. The walls of the well masonry are fastened using flexible reinforcement joints made of durable steel or plastics. And the toughest option - the dressing is made of lightweight concrete, and on the inside frame walls release part of the brick into the cantilever checkerboard pattern after 2-3 rows.

The insulation is placed in each well upon completion of its forcing. The fastening of insulation for each type is selected in accordance with the project.

The main advantages of well luggage are:

1. Significantly smaller overall wall thickness and, accordingly, weight.
2. No additional required decorative cladding, because facing brick outer wall It is already quite decorative.
3. Laying walls can be done regardless of the time of year.
4. Absolute fire resistance of the structure.
5. Inhomogeneous thermal conductivity of materials.

Disadvantages include labor intensity installation work and a large volume of covert operations. The main thing is that it is impossible to control the condition of the insulation and, as a result, repair it.

Sometimes, instead of insulation, they leave in the well masonry walls air gaps. The width of such a gap should not exceed 6-7 cm. The effectiveness of this method of insulation is much lower, but in some cases it is advisable.

Insulation for walls: characteristics

You need to select insulation taking into account, firstly, its thermal conductivity: the higher the thermal conductivity, the better insulation. Secondly, vapor permeability. When there is a temperature difference, steam penetrates through the load-bearing wall, insulation and facing wall outside.

Each subsequent stage must have a higher vapor permeability than the previous one, otherwise steam will be retained in the insulation and condensation will form inside the structure, which will reduce the thermal insulation properties insulation that cannot be repaired. Insulation made from glass wool, mineral wool or basalt wool has a vapor permeability higher than brick, and they are ideal for performing their functions. Insulation made from foam styrene is much higher and cannot be used to insulate brick walls.

Thirdly, the insulation must be moisture resistant, because it is impossible to completely eliminate the ingress of moisture. Therefore, when laying walls, it is necessary to provide outlet pipes.

Mounted into the walls in such a way as not to create cold bridges, they will cope with the removal of steam from the system.

And lastly, the insulation must be non-flammable. Insulation made from glass wool and all mineral wools fully meet this requirement - they not only do not burn, but are also able to protect adjacent elements of the entire structure from fire.

In addition to sheet insulation, there are ready-to-use insulation materials on sale.

This various brands thermal insulation slabs made of stone wool from basalt rocks. These slabs are produced specifically for insulating brick walls and have certain specified parameters and dimensions. Insulation of the Concrete Element Butts brand has proven itself - rigid thermal insulation boards, Kawiti Butts - lightweight thermal insulation boards.

In addition to ready-made slabs and rolls thermal insulation materials, can be used as bulk insulation. This can be lightweight concrete based on sawdust, slag, expanded clay, mineral wool granules. The filling of insulation materials is carried out in stages into each well and is carefully compacted. And in order to completely prevent shrinkage of the material in the wells, horizontal diaphragms are installed. They are made from reinforced cement-sand mortars or simply release bricks inside the walls, in every 2-3 rows.

ostroymaterialah.ru

Well masonry - disadvantages and advantages of its use in the construction of modern residential buildings

Well masonry- This is a structure of three layers, in which the wall is laid out from a pair of separate walls having a thickness of no more than half a brick.

These walls are connected to each other by vertical and horizontal brick bridges, which form closed wells.

The inner layer is most often made of bricks or blocks, and the outer layer is made of ceramic stone, various types brick, silicate, as well as concrete and expanded clay concrete blocks.

Well masonry: Pros and Cons

Advantages of well masonry:

• Reduction in brick consumption by about 18% in relation to its continuous laying;
• Relatively small thickness and weight of the ceiling, which leads both to savings on wall materials and to mitigation of requests for bearing capacity foundation;
• Correct calculations eliminate the danger of moisture condensation inside parts of the wall;
• It is not important to use “warm” masonry mortars;
• Economical ceramic and clinker bricks American format;
• Fire resistance;
• An aesthetically pleasing, ready-made building façade that does not require separate work or costs.

Disadvantages of well masonry:

• Helps reduce the strength of the building and disrupts uniformity.
• Promotes the formation of condensation on the walls of the home, especially in winter.
• It is extremely unstable to temperature changes and can lead to rapid destruction of insulation.

As you can see, there are no clear arguments in favor of choosing or not using this material, so you will have to make your own decision, but you already know what to expect from covering with well masonry.

Well masonry - disadvantages that cannot be ignored

Of course, well masonry has a number of advantages, the main one of which is cost-effectiveness.

But when constructing a large-scale project for a serious customer, before deciding to insulate a building with this particular masonry, you must take into account all the possible risks of using it.

Therefore, we will list the main disadvantages of well masonry so that you understand what you may encounter during construction:

Lightweight well masonry

Lightweight well masonry is made of a pair of walls half a brick wide, between which insulating raw materials are located.

At intervals of 2-5 rows of masonry, the walls are connected with bonded rows. The thickness of the internal load-bearing walls reaches 25 cm. Partitions are placed in half a brick or a quarter. If the partition has a length of more than 1.5 m, then it is necessary to reinforce the masonry, for example with steel wire.

The voids formed between the masonry are filled with concrete, thus creating a durable structure that does not contain insulation.

This perfect option For non-residential premises, which do not require thermal insulation. The filling between the blocks is standard and is carried out in stages as the solution is filled and hardened.

Using universal waterproofing, you can achieve the desired heat concentration inside the structure. This will allow maximum insulation of the walls without increasing the mass of the slab. Lightweight masonry can be used in high-rise buildings, it is safe and quite easy to implement.

Well masonry with insulation

The issue of using insulation for well masonry deserves special attention.

The very idea of ​​using an insulating layer in the middle wall structure originated in the mid-twentieth century - various sawdust, moss and peat were used at that time as a means of insulation between brick walls.

Currently, well masonry with insulation allows the use of almost any type of thermal insulation materials, however, when choosing it, it is necessary to take into account the impossibility of repair and restoration work.

Therefore, the main requirements for insulating materials are resistance to deformation and humidity. These requirements are fully met, and, as a rule, materials such as glass wool, mineral wool and polystyrene foam are often used.

It is also possible to use expanded clay and sawdust.

Should well masonry be used in construction?

We have announced all the main characteristics of the use of well masonry in construction various buildings, and after studying the disadvantages and advantages, a conclusion is brewing - this material, of course, is easy to use and affordable in price, but the risks are too great and often unforeseen expenses, after discovering inaccuracies in the work, cover the expected benefits.

dachnoe-delo.ru

What is well masonry?

This technology assumes that the brickwork of external walls is made in a “lightweight” version with the formation of internal “wells” filled with insulation. Thanks to this method, the thermal insulation characteristics of walls, brick pediments, internal partitions. The most suitable insulation materials are used different materials— loose (sawdust, slag), slab (foam plastic, mineral wool), “light” types of concrete (polystyrene concrete, expanded clay concrete and others). To provide required level For strength, parallel walls are fastened together by horizontal and vertical lintels in brick walls.

The cost-effectiveness of this method determines its popularity. But, following well technology, it is necessary to take into account some nuances. For example, when performing this kind of brickwork in winter conditions, in conditions of high humidity, you may encounter a decrease in the level of thermal insulation of the wall. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap of at least 10 mm thick between the thermal insulation layer and the brickwork.

Advantages and disadvantages

The construction of brick walls using the well method has its advantages, including the following:

• reduction in thermal conductivity when constructing thinner brick walls;
• no need for additional insulation walls;
• less load on the building foundation while reducing the total mass of the partitions;
• more economical use of materials, cheaper construction costs;
• reduction of terms construction work.

However, this technology also has its disadvantages, including:

• reduction in the degree of structural strength due to the heterogeneity of the wall;
• risk of occurrence in winter period condensation inside the insulating material due to the temperature difference between the outside and inside the room.

To eliminate these risks, it will be necessary to calculate and install horizontal and vertical diaphragms, as well as cover internal surfaces“wells” with vapor barrier material.

Types of well-type masonry

Existing well types of brickwork differ in the following indicators:

• total wall thickness;
• thickness of external partitions;
• dimensions of “wells” (distance between walls);
• type of insulation material;
• material and method of installation of diaphragms.

IN construction practice The following standards are known:

• total wall thickness - 33-62 cm (depending on the design, dimensions of the “well” and the thickness of both walls);
• wall thickness options - a quarter of a brick, half a brick (only for spoon rows), 1 full brick (when combining bonded rows with spoon rows);
• options for the width of the “wells” - half a brick, three quarters of a brick, 1 whole brick, one and a half bricks.

It should be noted here that most often both the outer and inner walls are laid out in half a brick. Sometimes exceptions to this rule are allowed: for example, the outer wall is built with half a brick, and the inner wall with a whole brick.

Execution technology

Specified installation technology more complex than standard brickwork. However, it is not so difficult that anyone can’t master it. The main thing that needs to be ensured is an accurate calculation of the volume of bricks and the selection of lintels.

1. Well installation begins with the arrangement of the base of the wall. It, in particular, includes 2 solid brick rows. The stones are laid with bandaging for horizontal waterproofing foundation.
2. After installing the base, they begin to lay out two parallel walls, as well as vertical diaphragms (partitions that connect the parallel walls). In some cases, instead of diaphragms, special pins are installed from metal fittings(diameter 6-8 mm). In this case, the corners can be laid out in various configurations - parallel walls of equal thickness, with a thicker outer wall, with continuous laying.
3. After laying 5-6 brick rows, the “wells” created in this way are filled with insulating material. If used slab insulation(mineral wool, expanded polystyrene), it is fixed with mounting adhesive (foam), if used bulk material, it must be compacted well.
4. Next comes the turn of horizontal brick diaphragms. Diaphragms are 1-3 horizontal rows of bricks thick. With a diaphragm one brick thick, a greater degree of thermal insulation is provided; with a thickness of three bricks, the thermal insulation is less, but the degree of strength is higher. To provide reinforcement to the brickwork, sometimes a reinforcing metal mesh is placed at the bottom of the horizontal diaphragms. In some cases, vertically located brick diaphragms do not completely cover the “well” space, but only half. In this case, the reinforcement of brick walls suffers somewhat, but the thermal insulation coefficient increases.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that the brickwork near the openings is continuous. Under the windows, horizontal diaphragms are made at least two bricks thick.

Instead of a conclusion

The technology of brickwork in the form of a well requires the contractor to accurately count building materials and scrupulously follow the installation rules. If all the requirements for such masonry are met, the walls of the building will not only be warm, but will also be much cheaper.

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Characteristic

Advantages

Before starting construction work, it is necessary to select the right building materials to avoid damaging the thermal insulation of the room.

The well masonry is erected in such a way that the half-brick opening between the two parts of the wall is filled thermal insulation material. Brick structures are connected to each other by reinforcing pins with curved ends. Using masonry with insulation has the following advantages:

• saving bricks up to 18% compared to conventional masonry;
• reduction in weight and volume of the structure;
• absence of condensate in the well cavity;
• Can be used on the front side of the wall economical material, such as sand-lime or ceramic bricks;
• fire resistance;
• aesthetic appearance.

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Flaws

Well brickwork has many advantages, but if you do not take into account some of the nuances, you can get the following undesirable effects:

• Reduced uniformity and strength of the structure. To prevent this drawback, it is necessary to calculate where and in what quantity to place horizontal and vertical diaphragms, which will ensure strengthening of the structure.
• Formation of condensation inside the well in winter time. To avoid this effect, inner side wells must be lined vapor barrier layer. At the same time, they are made ventilation gaps not less than 10 cm in size. In the area of ​​the top and bottom rows, the vertical seams are cleaned, which ensures air convection for the structure.
• Destruction of insulation when exposed to high temperatures in summer. Use of special heat-resistant insulation materials will prevent damage to thermal insulation.