Building blocks on the walls of the house. Review of blocks for the construction of external walls. Construction of non-residential premises from blocks

Wall blocks for external walls are the basis for any building built using cellular concrete. External and internal load-bearing walls bear the main load of floor slabs, facades, roofs and floors located above, therefore the requirements for the material of their manufacture are quite high.

The strength of wall blocks primarily depends on the density of aerated concrete used in their manufacture. We offer a wide range of products made exclusively from autoclaved concrete. It differs from non-autoclave in the method of polymerization, which takes place at a pressure of 14 atmospheres and a temperature of 180 C. Changes in the structure of the material occur at molecular level, giving autoclaved aerated concrete new properties, namely increased strength characteristics, absolute uniformity throughout the entire body of the product and whole line other physical and technical parameters.

The types of wall blocks are varied and are mainly determined by the brand of aerated concrete and geometric dimensions. The length of any product is standard and equal to 600 mm, the width and height are adjusted by the manufacturer, allowing the client to choose the required parameters depending on the situation.

Applicable markings

• D400 - garages, warehouses, private one-story houses;
• D500 - buildings and structures of no more than three floors;
• D600 and higher - for multi-storey buildings using reinforcement;

Gas silicates have low specific gravity, therefore, despite the dimensions, installation of wall blocks is not difficult. The weight of a block measuring 600*300*200 mm is, depending on the brand, from 18 to 25 kg. For comparison, brickwork the same volume weighs three and a half times more. Adding to this the completely different complexity of the installation process, the ever-growing popularity of aerated concrete materials becomes clear. Among their undoubted advantages is also cost-effectiveness. The price of wall blocks for external walls, taking into account all related materials, is two times lower than the bricks required to build a wall of the same size.

The mechanical properties of this type of gas silicate allow additional training attach to them various load-bearing elements of facades, canopies and other structures. At the same time, gating, drilling and other installation work performed on the wall surface will not cause any difficulties. Aerated concrete is also easy to saw and process with a plane, which is sometimes necessary when joining separately laid sections of a wall.

Why us?

Our online store offers you to buy wall blocks in Moscow from leading Russian manufacturers. Our prices and assortment will not leave the most demanding and demanding client indifferent, and our online consultant will help you decide on the required volume and type necessary materials. We also organize delivery of materials for your construction throughout Moscow and the Moscow region.

Wall blocks are used to construct enclosing structures for residential, civil, industrial buildings and structures. Concrete blocks for walls form external vertical fences with high thermal insulation qualities. Hollow masonry elements are used only for heated buildings. In addition to the load-bearing function, wall blocks play the role of a thermos. Laying external fences from this material brings significant savings on home heating costs. The main raw material for the production of concrete blocks is cement-sand mortar with various solid fillers.

Types of wall blocks

Modern low-rise construction mainly carried out using concrete blocks. The versatility of masonry raw materials has made it possible to dramatically increase labor productivity. The types of concrete wall materials are striking in their diversity on the building materials market. Thanks to this diversity, low-rise construction in choosing concrete wall products does not pose any particular difficulties.

In their form, wall materials are hollow products. Moreover, the voids can be through and closed on one side.

A structure made from such devices can be built much faster and cheaper than a brick house of similar size, monolithic concrete or tree.

Exist various technologies production of concrete blocks. The differences lie in the mixtures used and the methods used to make the wall materials. The sizes of concrete blocks may vary depending on their purpose. Selecting the desired size of concrete brick is not difficult.

What types of products are there? They produce concrete, aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete and polystyrene types of wall materials. They also make foam blocks and cinder blocks.

Aerated concrete

Aerated concrete or gas silicate products combine two positive qualities. This is maximum thermal insulation and sufficient strength. The building material is obtained by pouring liquid mortar into molds. The solution is a mixture of cement, lime, quartz sand, water, a gas-forming agent (aluminum powder) plus various additives. Aluminum powder, reacting with lime, causes a rapid release of oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen forms the cellular structure of aerated concrete.

Two types of aerated concrete are produced: regular and autoclaved. Blocks placed in an autoclave under pressure and high temperature, become more durable.

The products are popular among the population due to their low cost, sufficient strength and moderate thermal conductivity.

Foam concrete

The products, like aerated concrete, are classified as cellular concrete bricks. Unlike gas silicate materials In the production of foam concrete masonry elements, special foaming agents are used. Foam concrete is not prepared in an autoclave. The mixture is poured into molds where it hardens naturally.

If we compare which blocks are better to use, then in terms of strength characteristics gas silicate cement blocks are significantly better products from foam concrete. But foam blocks are cheaper.

Expanded clay concrete

When manufacturing these products in concrete mortar Expanded clay chips are added, which are obtained by firing foamed liquid clay. Expanded clay has high porosity and low specific gravity. The resulting products are light in weight and have low thermal conductivity.

Expanded clay concrete products are easy to process, which is important when constructing walls of complex configurations. Choice hollow bricks from expanded clay due to its low price and availability.

Polystyrene concrete

Method of making polystyrene concrete products differs in the use of filler used - polystyrene granules. Plastic granules are used to produce heat-insulating lining of communications for various purposes. The products are not used as building structural material.

Cinder concrete

Products are formed from concrete mixture, mixed with slag (waste from metallurgical production). The production conditions are so unpretentious that in almost any farm you can organize the production of cinder blocks with your own hands.

Especially this view wall material popular in places where metallurgical enterprises are located. The cost of slag is “pennies”. Plus ease of manufacture. All this allows you to build a house at the lowest cost.

All types of masonry are used as wall blocks for external walls of buildings no more than 12 - 14 m high.

Wall masonry technology

Before you start laying walls, you need to prepare for this work.

Preparatory activities

You need to prepare tools and materials:

• trowel, shovel, rubber hammer;
• tape measure, cord, level, plumb lines;
• container for solution, concrete mixer;
• scaffold;
• hand saw, grinder;
• wall blocks, blocks with cladding;
• steel reinforcement; sand, cement, water, dry mix.

Preparation of masonry mortar

Prepared for concrete blocks masonry mortar in two versions:

A solution from a ready-made dry mixture

The manufacturer prints on the bag with the dry mixture step by step instructions for preparing masonry mortar.

The solution is mixed by hand in a suitable container. For large volumes construction work use a concrete mixer.

The solution is stirred until a homogeneous viscous mixture is obtained.

Mortar of cement-sand mixture

Make the dry mixture yourself. Mix cement and sand in a ratio of 1:3. Then they proceed in the same way as in the case described above.

Laying block walls

The beginning of masonry is the most critical stage of work on the construction of external fences. The quality of the masonry of the block walls will determine how warm and durable the house will be. Which blocks to use in construction is up to the owner of the construction site to decide. However, the technologies for constructing fences from concrete bricks of different structures are not much different from each other.

Laying the first row

A control cord is pulled between the corners of the foundation. Focusing on it, the mason controls the evenness of the laid blocks in the vertical and horizontal plane.

Wall products are laid on cement mortar laid on a layer of foundation waterproofing. The thickness of the seam must be at least 20 - 30 mm. If subsequent rows are made using adhesive mixtures, the thickness of the horizontal seams can be 3 - 5 mm.

Construction of corners

After laying the first row of concrete stones, the corners of the walls are erected to a height of 2 - 3 concrete bricks. The corners of the building are the main guidelines for the correct laying of the walls. Angles are controlled using plumb lines.

The laying of the corners should be 1 - 2 rows ahead of the height of the main masonry.

The laying of wall blocks is shown in more detail in the video:

Main masonry

Wall blocks with insulation are often used to fill voids in concrete bricks. Polystyrene foam, expanded clay, slag and various materials are used as insulation. bulk materials. Masonry is made by bandaging the lower and upper rows of masonry. One of the options is when the vertical seam of the bottom row falls in the middle of the top concrete brick.

When masonry is one and a half bricks thick, then one element in a row is laid along the wall with its long side, the next brick is laid with the butt side out.

When a house with a height of 14 m is erected, it is arranged in the area of ​​interfloor roofing slabs reinforced belts, which are made by laying steel reinforcement in two rows along the entire perimeter of the building in the grooves of the blocks used. The grooves are cut into the masonry using a wall chaser.

In the case when the walls are built from through concrete bricks, each new row is covered with 2 layers of roofing material.

Wall facing blocks

Such products are already lined finished walls. A house lined with such material, in addition to additional insulation acquires decorative finishing facade. Cladding wall blocks are produced in various colors and decorative surfaces.

Concrete bricks with cladding can form facade planes of various shapes and colors. There are options for forming external fences when blocks with insulation and cladding are used. When the decorative layer of the walls is represented by insulated wall blocks, two problems are solved at once - the finishing of the facade and the insulation of the building.

A house made of wall blocks with cladding is economically superior to buildings built from traditional masonry materials.

When choosing wall blocks for arranging external walls, you should be extremely careful, since the material used largely determines how warm and durable the finished building will be.

Today you can use the following wall building blocks:

• aerated concrete;
• foam concrete;
• expanded clay concrete;
• polystyrene concrete;
• adobe;
• cinder block.

Aerated concrete

Aerated concrete is one of the varieties of cellular concrete. The construction material, has a structure similar to expanded clay or pumice. Throughout its entire volume there are evenly distributed pores with a total diameter of 1-4 mm. The pores are closed (not connected to each other).

Technical characteristics of aerated concrete depending on the density of the material:

Advantages of aerated concrete:

• fire resistance;
• long service life (for more than thirty years they are not subject to wear and tear);
• resistance to mold and fungi;
• aerated concrete is not subject to rotting, cracking and aging;
• reasonable cost;
• good thermal insulation;
• Due to its loose structure, such material is easy to saw to the right size an ordinary hacksaw;
• excellent sound insulation;
• environmental friendliness of aerated concrete;
• compactness and precise geometry of the material, making them convenient to install.

Disadvantages of aerated concrete:

• Aerated concrete is a very fragile material, which is why cracks can form on the blocks when the foundation shrinks;
• The base requires a special type of dowels for any fasteners;
• Installation requires special adhesive mixtures and strict adherence to masonry technology. Otherwise, there may be blown gaps and, as a result, a violation of the thermal insulation.

Price of this material starts from 3100 rub. per cubic meter.

Foam concrete

Foam concrete is also cellular concrete, which has a porous structure of closed bubbles. This material is obtained due to the hardening of a solution obtained from a mixture of cement, sand, foaming agent and water.

The advantages of foam concrete as a material for building houses:

• excellent thermal insulation properties, which are in many ways superior to ordinary concrete;
• due to their light weight and tightness, such blocks are easy and convenient to lay;
• in its processing, foam concrete is very similar to wood, since it is just as easy to saw;
• environmentally friendly material;
• good sound insulation.

Disadvantages of foam concrete:

• low mechanical strength (it crumbles and cracks easily);
• fragility;
• absorbs moisture (up to 20%);
• not suitable for forming a foundation (it can only be used for walls, and not as a capital material, but in combination with capital ones, such as brick or concrete).

The cost of this material is from 2900 rubles. for 1 cubic m.

Expanded clay concrete

Expanded clay concrete is a monolithic building material that is obtained from a hardened mixture of cement, water, sand and expanded clay.

This material has the following “working” characteristics:

• fire resistance;
• resistance to rotting;
• resistance to the formation of fungus, mold, bacteria, etc.;
• walls made of it do not “shrink” even over the years;
• expanded clay concrete is completely environmentally friendly;
• a variety of finishing materials can be applied on top of it;
• the total weight of walls made from it is much less than from brick, which makes the load on the foundation minimal;
• building a house from expanded clay concrete is cheaper and faster than from brick;
• blocks are resistant to high temperatures;
• the material has excellent sound insulation properties;
• expanded clay concrete has good thermal conductivity and vapor permeability.

Disadvantages of expanded clay concrete:

• the material is poorly ventilated;
• its strength is lower than that of brick;
• a house with expanded clay concrete requires external waterproofing, since the porous structure of expanded clay concrete contributes to its high water absorption and capillary movement of water;
• cold zones may form in walls made of this material;
• due to its porous structure, it can freeze in extreme cold.

The cost of expanded clay concrete is from 3,200 rubles/m3.

Polystyrene concrete

Polystyrene concrete is one of the types of lightweight concrete. The composition of these blocks includes foamed polystyrene, porous aggregate and cement.

Thermal engineering calculation of polystyrene concrete:

The advantages of this material:

• ease of installation;
• excellent thermal insulation;
• ease of processing;
• rot resistance;
• resistance to moisture;
• frost resistance;
• good sound insulation and thermal insulation;
• possibility of use for the construction of walls, facades, foundations, floors, attics, frames;
• environmental friendliness;
• shelf life more than one hundred years;
• good heat retention (a house made of such material warms up in a couple of hours and maintains the temperature for up to three days).

Disadvantages of polystyrene concrete:

• the material is not ventilated, so it requires good ventilation;
• it is unstable to solvents, in particular gasoline;
• this material has a poor density/vapor barrier balance, that is, the lower the density, the higher its vapor permeability, but lower load bearing capacity, that is, blocks suitable in density for load-bearing walls, will be vapor-tight, which means the dew point will be on the surface of the block indoors. Blocks with normal vapor permeability have low density and therefore shrink over time.

The cost of this material is from 3100 rubles. for 1 cubic m.

Adobe

Adobe is a building material made from clay soil, water and straw.

Benefits of adobe:

• low cost;
• resistance to humidity;
• environmental friendliness;
• strength.
• good sound insulation.

Disadvantages of adobe:

• susceptibility to fungi, insects and even rodents;
• poor frost resistance and fire resistance;
• Low load-bearing capacity, must be used in conjunction with capital materials for walls (brick or concrete).

The price of adobe is about 560 rubles. for a hundred pieces.

cinder block

Cinder block is a building material with a stone structure, which is obtained by pressing and shrinking in molds from slag concrete mortar. Concrete is used as a binding material.

Pros of cinder blocks:

• fire resistance;
• long service lines;
• ease of laying;
• resistance to destruction;
• excellent sound insulation;
• affordable price.

Disadvantages of cinder blocks:

• low thermal conductivity, which requires additional insulation of the walls;
• insufficient environmental friendliness.

The cost of cinder blocks starts from 37 rubles. for 1 piece

What's better?

As a conclusion about the above materials, we can say that the best wall block for construction is expanded clay concrete and aerated concrete, since they have all the characteristics that make the finished building less susceptible to wear and cold.

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