Work in the garden and garden in the spring. What work should you do in the garden in spring?

Working in the field and in the garden requires serious knowledge. The future harvest depends on the quality and timeliness of their implementation. Therefore, farmers carry out a number of actions at a certain time. Spring is the period of intensive preparation for growing most crops. During this period, a number of actions are planned, which mandatory carried out by farmers and agricultural enterprises.

What spring work in the field and garden is like should be considered in detail. This will allow you to perform the required manipulations on summer cottage, vast agricultural areas.

Features of work in the field and garden

Spring work in the field (photo below) are the most important period in the growing process different cultures. Winter crops require special attention from farmers.

Work in the field and garden differs significantly in scale and features of event planning. This is explained by the techniques that farmers apply to these areas Agriculture. In the field, work practically never stops all year round. However, in winter, the main activity in such conditions freezes.

A vegetable garden is a place for growing various vegetables and special varieties of crops. In accordance with what will grow in these conditions, the sown areas are prepared. This is a special process that requires special theoretical knowledge and practical skills from the farmer.

School program

The school curriculum pays attention to spring field work. The world around us (grade 4) studies this process in an overview. Students are asked to write a story about how the soil is prepared in the spring. Schoolchildren supplement their stories with photographs and drawings on this topic.

In the essay, students can describe how the areas under cultivation are prepared. Stones are removed from them, which are pushed out of the ground under pressure by the soil during severe frosts. Next, the soil is loosened to provide air flow to the plant root system. This is necessary for their full development.

If there is stagnant water on the field, it must be drained using drainage channels. Otherwise, the plants will rot. This will negatively affect the yield. Weeds, bushes, moss, and sand are removed from the soil surface. Before sowing, the soil is fertilized. Knowing in general terms how the field is prepared in the spring, students can write an interesting essay.

Essay example

Students write an essay about spring work in the field (4th grade) with great pleasure. Many of them could observe how parents and grandparents prepared to sow vegetables, fruits, plant trees and flowers in the country house, vegetable garden or garden. They tell their impressions in an essay. An example of a short essay is presented below.

“My parents and I are going to the dacha in the spring. I help them prepare their garden for summer. This is an interesting activity. I saw on TV how the fields are prepared in the spring. Our family does similar work in the garden. We are digging up the soil. Dad says it helps the seeds germinate. Air comes to them.

Then we make a greenhouse, which is covered with film. This will keep the plants from freezing if the temperature drops too much at night. When the greenhouse warms up, my parents and I plant carrots, herbs, onions, zucchini, and beans. Dad digs holes, and I put seeds in them. Mom buries the seedlings and waters them with water. I really like being with my parents at the dacha.”

Why do we need knowledge about preparing land in the spring?

A description of spring work in the field (grade 4) allows students to realize the work that employees of agricultural enterprises put into the process of preparing for the sowing campaign. Schoolchildren’s own experience in the country, in the garden or vegetable garden also has a positive effect on the formation of their understanding of the importance of such events.

Stories about spring training fields, vegetable gardens and orchards, personal experience comrades - all this arouses interest in farming and respect for nature. Students begin to appreciate the gifts of nature and understand how hard they are given to people.

Parents should pay attention to involving their children in the process of preparing a garden in the spring. This will be a real adventure for schoolchildren. During the work process, children need to be explained why this or that action is being carried out.

List of field work

It will be easier to write a story about spring work in the field if you know more about this process. For each climate type, the presented actions begin to be carried out in different time. Most often in Russia, soil preparation is carried out in the second ten days of April. If the spring is warm, work is carried out earlier.

After all the stones, sand have been removed, and the soil has been dug up, it is necessary to apply fertilizer. They must include nitrogen. Both mineral and organic compositions are important. Next, the seeds are sorted and cleaned. They are sown in prepared soil.

The areas that were not sown last year (were fallow) are being reclaimed. The brought manure is plowed into the ground. After this, comprehensive measures are taken to prevent or destroy pests. They depend on climate zone, natural conditions on the field.

Features of field work in spring

Simultaneously with the above activities, a number of other spring field works are carried out. Trap piles are set up in the field for May beetle larvae. Agricultural enterprises are working to develop fertile soils. They are dug up and fertilized.

Seedlings are planted in greenhouses. In warm climates, this procedure is performed outdoors. At the same time, seeds and tubers are planted. Enterprises check the readiness of equipment before starting the soil cultivation process and before carrying out the sowing campaign. Maintenance and repairs are being carried out. The speed of each subsequent operation depends on this. Equipment repair in field conditions problematic and highly undesirable.

Also in the spring, fields can be sown with special crops called green manure. They will enrich the soil with useful substances, improve its structure, and have a sanitary effect on the soil. These plants include representatives of the legume family, cereals, and cruciferous crops. The scope of work in the fields in the spring is extensive. During this period, farmers make a lot of efforts to ensure future high level harvest.

Spring work in the garden

Spring work in the field, garden, and vegetable garden requires a lot of effort and time from farmers, agricultural workers and ordinary summer residents. To use available resources rationally, you need to understand which issues need to be given attention first.

Some inexperienced summer residents spend a huge amount of time on their plot to obtain high yields. If you understand the technology for carrying out spring work, you can significantly reduce the time and amount of effort spent in the garden.

First you need to explore the garden. Shrubs and trees should be protected from the spring sun. If there is no shelter, damage to the bark may appear over time. This will negatively affect the well-being of the plant. For mature, strong trees, shelter is most often not required. It is necessary for young seedlings. Day and night temperatures vary greatly. Therefore, the trunks of young trees are covered with non-woven materials. They can be removed in mid-spring.

They argue that on the south side of the trees you need to install a peg at the trunk. It will somewhat shade the trunk during the warm season. It should be noted that it is extremely undesirable to whitewash seedlings. This reduces their development speed. At the same time, the bark may thicken. The tree will spend energy strengthening its defense. At the same time, growth will slow down. Whitewash clogs the pores of the plant.

In the garden you will need to trim the bushes and trim the fruit trees. This must be done before the sap flow period. If the buds are already beginning to swell, do not prune. It is also necessary to hide evergreen shrubs from the sun. Their color will be more saturated. When the frost ends, the temperature changes will not be as strong. During this period, the shelters can be removed.

Sequence of work in the garden

Spring work in the field, garden or vegetable garden must be carried out in the correct sequence. You need to choose the right plants and seeds for planting. They must be healthy, without damage or defects.

Holes are dug for planting. A plant is placed in them and the roots are covered with soil. For adults fruit plants cut off excess shoots. When the flowering period has passed, dry inflorescences should be removed. To reduce the time it takes to till the soil, you can sow ground cover plants between the beds. Mulching is also carried out using special equipment. Amount of tedious manual labor can be significantly reduced.

It is necessary to take into account the requirements for growing each type of crop. Some plants like shade, while others like light. Watering also needs to be done in a timely manner. Stagnation of water on the site can lead to a decrease in yield. Needs to be thought out and arranged the right system drainage if water stagnates in the soil.

Work in the garden

Spring work in the field and garden requires certain knowledge and skills. It will take a lot of time to bring the soil to the desired state. In the garden you need to remove various debris from the beds and stones. It is important to remove insects, their larvae, weeds and other pests.

Organic fertilizers are added to the soil. Compost, rotted manure or peat are suitable for this. This will fill the soil with the substances necessary for crop growth. The soil should not be too dense. If necessary, it can be made lighter by adding sand to the soil. If water stagnates in the area, you need to add fine gravel to the soil. If the soil, on the contrary, is too crumbly, you need to add clay to it. It will retain moisture.

The soil needs to be loosened. At the same time, you need to dig it up. This breaks the structure. Nutrients sink deeper. This has a negative impact on growth garden crops. Therefore, loosening is used for beds. The processing depth should not exceed 10 cm.

Completing the preparation of the garden

Spring work in the field and garden is carried out taking into account climatic conditions. If there are frosts or large temperature changes, crops need to be covered or grown in a greenhouse.

Lawns need to be raked. If there are potholes in the soil, they need to be filled with soil. The surface of the lawn is sprinkled with fine sand and leveled. In places where grass does not grow, it is reseeded.

Coverings from plants should be removed gradually. This is done during a period when the temperature at night is quite high. First, the plants are allowed to get used to the outside temperature. Then they are opened.

Having considered the features of spring work in the field, garden and vegetable garden, you can understand the features of this process.

When spring fully comes into its own, summer residents, gardeners and gardeners have a lot of trouble. However, not everyone knows what work is done in the garden in the spring. To understand this issue, you need to study in detail what the soil, shrubs, trees and plants expect from us individually.

Preliminary work in the garden

First of all, you need to prepare the land for future work on it. First, we get rid of winter debris. Dry leaves, remnants of supports and shelters, windbreaks are of no use to us. It is important to approach this issue thoroughly, since unnecessary trash not only spoils appearance summer cottage, but also creates a favorable environment for the breeding of pests and insects. As the area is cleared, emerging weeds must be removed from the soil. Until they get stronger, they can be easily pulled out of the ground. You can also get rid of larvae and live insects that you are sure to encounter in your spring garden.

Soil work

Excavation work in the garden in the spring requires strength and some skills. You will have to work hard with a shovel and a wheelbarrow, which will be needed to distribute fertilizers. Before planting plants, the soil needs to be nourished.

Organic fertilizers – The best way create favorable conditions in the soil for the life of plants, shrubs and trees.

For perennial plants, minerals that contain potassium are suitable. Ordinary chicken droppings can replace it. The soil for garden plants and root crops can be treated using purchased, rotted manure or ready-made compost. Preparing a garden in the spring is a very important undertaking, so you need to take it seriously. Feeding and mulching is possible only when the soil is thoroughly moistened.

After last winter you need to assess the quality of the soil:

• If the soil is heavy, add air in the form of fine gravel or coarse sand. In this case, you will get rid of stagnant water at the roots.
• If the soil is too crumbly, a small amount of clay should be added to retain nutrients and moisture on the surface.

The next stage of spring work in the garden is the process of loosening the soil.

Experienced summer residents know that it is impossible to constantly dig up the soil on the site. During digging, all useful and nutrients go deep into the soil, plus its structure deteriorates.

A vegetable garden in spring requires slight loosening to a depth of no more than 5-8 cm. Porous and granular soil is a favorable environment for planting plants; root system will quickly gain strength and growth.

Spring work in the garden with trees and shrubs

Gardening in the spring requires more than just preparing and fertilizing the soil. In the coming warm period, special attention should be paid to perennial plants and garden trees.

What can and should be done with them in the spring?

• Starting in April, you can start planting shrubs, evergreens, fruit and garden trees. In addition, at this time they can be replanted.
• Before stone fruit trees and some berry bushes - raspberries, gooseberries, currants, etc. begin to grow again, they need to be pruned.
• Trimming ornamental shrubs and trees is only possible if they bloom in spring and summer, such as roses. However, plants that bloom on last year's shoots should be pruned only after flowering - that is, in spring or early summer.
• In the spring it is possible.
• At the beginning of the season, you can begin the propagation process - cutting trees and dividing perennial plants.

Spring work in the garden

When the soil warms up to 6-7 degrees, you can start planting some types of garden plants. Typically, potatoes, bulbs, garlic or seedlings are planted at this time. In order to get an early harvest of rhubarb and asparagus, they make a special forcing on open ground and blanching.

Others can be planted at the end of April - beginning of May. berry crops. If the roots of the plants are bare, then they need to be covered with earth and water should be drained from the beds.

The second half of April is the time to sow cold-resistant crops - radishes, dill, parsley, etc. White and colored ones are planted in nurseries under shelters.

Tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and cucumbers are planted in open ground at the end of spring. Some summer residents use it for this.

Do not forget that many plants are afraid of frost, so you can finally unpack them only after the final warming.

What to do with your lawn in spring?

After the snow has melted, special attention should be paid to the lawn. Last year's grass needs to be torn out with a rake. Potholes that appear on the grass must be filled with earth mixed with sand. The surface of the lawn is leveled, sprinkled with sand and seeds are planted in areas where there is no grass. In addition, spring work in the garden involves trimming hedges and making repairs if necessary.

Preparing a garden in the spring is a fun and interesting activity. The appearance of the summer cottage, the quality and quantity of the future harvest depend on how you carry out this work. Arrangement own garden, planting vegetables and caring for flowers will become a pleasant event if you devote yourself to this process with your soul.

Video conference - gardening in spring

With the onset of winter, gardeners and gardeners take a short break and take a break from working in the country. But with the onset of spring, they will have to work in the garden again. Let's find out in more detail what activities need to be carried out on the plots so that gardeners and gardeners are satisfied with the harvest.

Basic garden work in spring

With the onset of spring, the first work begins not in the garden, but in the garden. This is due to the fact that most activities are carried out before sap flow and the appearance of the first bud.

What needs to be done:

Caring for coniferous trees in spring

To prevent the bright spring sun from damaging the crowns of coniferous trees, they must be covered with an old blanket or burlap. The roots of coniferous trees need to be shed with warm water. y. This procedure will help the snow melt faster and protect the trees from dehydration.

If branches break or dry out during winter, they must be removed. It is also necessary not to forget about mulching. It can be made using pine bark or crushed cones. This procedure helps retain moisture longer and prevents weeds.

Spring care for currants, raspberries and gooseberries

Spring work in the garden

In order to receive good harvest from the beds, it is necessary to prepare the garden for planting in the spring. What should be done?

Spring lawn care

If you have a lawn, then you need to take care of it, starting with early spring . As soon as the snow on the lawn begins to melt, you need to scatter mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen over the entire area of ​​the lawn.

When the soil dries out a little, you need to remove all leaves and debris from the lawn. After this, you need to loosen the lawn with a special rake-scarifier. This procedure will allow young shoots to grow.

To saturate the soil with oxygen, pierce it along the entire perimeter of the lawn using a fork.

If during all of the above work the surface of the lawn is damaged, these areas must be equalized in height, fill with sand and reseed with new lawn.

In May, the lawn needs to be mowed, but you should not trample on it too much, so that your footprints are not left behind.

Strawberry care

Everyone loves strawberries, both adults and children. But not everyone knows that from proper care In the spring, strawberries depend on getting a good harvest. How to care for this berry in spring?

From the area where strawberries grow, it is necessary to remove all snow-retaining materials. Remove debris and old blackened leaves. Trim off old tendrils and inflorescences. It is better to burn all collected garbage to protect your berries from last year’s diseases and pests.

After this, apply nitrogen-containing fertilizer under each bush. To get a good harvest, strawberries need to be fed before flowering and after flowering. Culinary yeast, chicken manure, mullein, sodium sulfate, potassium, nitrophosphate, and weed tincture are suitable for this. But you also need to feed them correctly, otherwise excessive feeding can lead to the death of the strawberries.

New leaves that swell must be buried with soil. The soil around the strawberry bushes needs to be loosened.

Before the leaves begin to appear, each bush should be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture. And when it gets warm, the bushes need to be sprayed with a solution from calcium chloride and wood ash.

If some strawberry bushes are frozen, then new bushes can be planted in their place.

If you do not want your berries to be attacked by slugs, you should mulch with wood ash or pine needles.

Spring work at the dacha: planting new flowers

In early March you can plant the following flowers: hyacinths, crocuses, snowdrops, aster petunias. But if you want these flowers to start pleasing you with their blooms earlier, you need to plant the seeds at home first in special boxes, and with the onset of heat, plant the seedlings in the ground.

Before planting the seeds, they must be soaked for several minutes in a solution of potassium permanganate. After this procedure, the seeds must be dried and can be planted.

The land for planting must also be prepared. It is better if it consists of humus, sand and soil.

If you decide to plant bulbous plants, then before planting you need to soak them for thirty minutes in a potassium permanganate solution. This is necessary so that they are not exposed to various viruses and fungi.

Upon disembarkation bulbous plants into the ground, make sure that the bulb is strictly directed downward. Landing should be carried out when the air temperature at night is above ten degrees. Otherwise your flowers will die.

The soil must drain water well. Sandy soil needs to be fertilized with compost, and if the soil does not drain water well, then a little crushed stone and sand should be poured into the bottom of each hole.

If you do it right, then your flowerbed will be the most beautiful in the country.

Now you know what spring work in the garden is and what you need to do to get a good harvest. Follow these rules and you will succeed. Happy harvest!

We have prepared brief instructions on spring work in the garden and several “cheat sheets” with brief general information about plant life.

Early spring is the time to prepare beds, sow and care for seedlings. And since we are taking plants into our care for the coming weeks and months, it won’t hurt to refresh our heads with a brief general understanding of their lives.

The main thing

Photo: AiF/ N. Belyavskaya

Preparing the greenhouse

As soon as the weather permits, the soil in the greenhouse needs to be dug up using a shovel. At the same time, fertilizers are applied: to the future cucumber bed - 5-6 kg of humus, 50 g of nitroammophoska or other complex fertilizer and 300 g of ash per 1 m 2. Where tomatoes, peppers and eggplants will grow, the dose of humus should be halved.

Warm beds

If you plan to do it in a greenhouse warm beds for early sowing or planting, you need to remove part of the soil (10-15 cm) and add biofuel in a layer of 20-30 cm into grooves 40 cm wide. Then pour 15-20 cm on top fertile soil. Make ridges and cover them with film to speed up heating and reduce heat loss.

Photo: AiF/ E. Shutova A good biofuel can be fresh horse or cow manure mixed with straw and dry leaves in a 2:1 ratio.

Film greenhouse

You need to stretch the new film over the greenhouses in such a way that by the end of April you can sow cold-resistant, early-ripening vegetables in it.

The first step is to prepare the frame. If necessary, it is repaired and painted White color, since the film ages faster on a dark surface. Sharp corners and it is better to wrap the protruding parts of the frame with strips of old film or non-woven fabric.

Film for greenhouses can be combined into a single sheet the right size soldering iron or iron through tracing paper or paper (melting temperature of the film is 120-140 °C). This way it will be easier to cover the greenhouse - in calm weather, the panel is thrown over the frame and the edges are attached to the bottom of the structure.

Photo: AiF/T.Zavyalova Disinfection of greenhouses is carried out only in the fall, since high concentrations of manganese, copper or karbofos in the spring can have a detrimental effect on plants.

Seeds

When purchasing seed material, choose varieties recommended for your area - they are better adapted to the local climate and are more reliable. How do you know that a particular variety is zoned, since this information is usually not indicated on seed packets? Buyers have to trust sellers and specialized literature.

Clarifications from the editors

A zoned variety is a variety included in the current “Register of Breeding Achievements” Russian Federation"and recommended for cultivation in one or several regions (it is in them that it has already successfully passed state tests).

Those with Internet access can find out whether a variety has been zoned or not by going to the official resource of the “State Commission of the Russian Federation for Testing and Protection of Breeding Achievements”: gossort.com. We find the “Registry” section there and go to “ State Register selection achievements approved for use.” We select the crop we need (for example, we took zucchini) and open the corresponding plate with varieties.

It may seem complicated, but we only need three adjacent columns - the name of the variety, its “year of birth” and recommended cultivation regions, indicated by numbers from 1 to 12.

Residents of the Bryansk, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Smolensk and Tula regions belong to the Central region. In the register it is always designated by the number 3. Gardens of summer residents of Vologda, Kaliningrad, Kostroma, Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, Tver and Yaroslavl regions are situated in North-West region, which is marked with the number 2.

If the number of your region is indicated next to the variety, it means it is zoned there. For example, our table recommends Apollo, Astoria and Aeronaut zucchini for the Moscow region, and Arlika and Aeronaut for the Leningrad region.

How many seeds do you need?

You can follow the seeding norms. For the final calculation, you need to know the approximate area of ​​the beds.

Last year's seeds should not be used without checking germination. This is done like this: you need to take 10-100 seeds of each type of vegetable, spread them in an even layer between sheets of paper napkins, place them on a plate and moisten them well. The temperature should always be around 20 °C, and the napkin should be damp all the time. After seed germination, conclusions are drawn: if germination does not exceed 10%, then sowing does not make sense. If 40% of the seeds have germinated, you need to double the seeding rate.

Preparing for sowing

There are many ways pre-sowing preparation seeds aimed at obtaining friendly shoots of healthy plants and increasing productivity.

First you need to select the largest and most “poured” seeds. Tomato and pumpkin seeds (except cucumber) are kept in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 20 minutes and then washed in water. Against fungal and bacterial diseases of cabbage, carrots, parsley, celery and beets, the seeds are heated in water at a temperature of 45-50 °C for 20 minutes, followed by cooling.

Photo: AiF/T.Zavyalova

Attention!

Soaking is carried out immediately before sowing. The seeds swell, their shell softens and is freed from substances that delay germination. Pumpkin seeds, cabbage, turnips, rutabaga, radishes, radishes and legumes need twice as much water for soaking, and carrots, parsley, parsnips, dill, beets, lettuce and onion seeds need four times as much.

The duration of soaking at a temperature of 20-25 °C also depends on the crop. For cabbage, lettuce, turnips, radishes, rutabaga, radishes, pumpkins, 12 hours are needed; for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, beets, carrots, parsley, dill, parsnips, celery - 48 hours, and the water must be changed 2-3 times a day. .

Photo: AiF/ N. Belyavskaya

Admission early harvest accelerates additional stimulation of seeds. An infusion of wood ash is suitable for it: 2 tbsp. spoons are poured with 1 liter of water, left for 1 day, then the seeds are kept in the strained solution for 6 hours. A 24-hour “bath” of seeds in diluted aloe juice is effective: 1 part juice to 2 parts water.

The soil

The loose root layer gives the roots the opportunity to breathe without interference and develop well. As a result, the root system absorbs nutrients more efficiently, which will have a positive effect on plants and harvests. If the soil is loose, it is easier to fight weeds and pests.

Sowing and planting of cold-resistant crops should be carried out when the soil is in a soft plastic state. It is not difficult to determine: the soil easily rolls into a non-disintegrating rope 3-4 mm thick and does not stain your hands (we are talking about loamy and clay soils. - Note ed. ). During this period, the soil has already warmed up sufficiently and contains optimal quantity moisture. She remains in this state for about two weeks.

Photo: AiF/ E. Shutova Plants contain quite a lot of water. It keeps them elastic and participates in all vital processes. With the help of water, nutrients move throughout the plant body, and evaporation protects it from overheating. With its deficiency, vegetables become coarse, tough, and bitter in taste. On the contrary, if there is an excess of water during cultivation, the products will be watery, low in flavor, and tasteless.

If the soil breaks up into small pieces when rolled, but still forms a cohesive piece when squeezed, this is a hard-plastic state, which means that the seeds and seedlings will require additional watering. If, when squeezed, the lump does not change shape and the pieces do not stick together, then the conditions for seed germination and seedling survival are very poor: in top layer there is no water in the soil.

Spring digging

It is necessary to dig up the soil right before sowing or planting so that the moisture does not evaporate. If the digging is done and the sowing is postponed, the prepared bed can be covered old film, carefully pressing the edges with soil or stones.

In the spring they dig up with obligatory rotation of the formation. Even if you did the same work in the fall, this activity must be repeated in the spring in order to detect and select the rhizomes of perennial weeds and soil pests - wireworms (larvae of the click beetle) and others. At the same time, fertilizers and other additives can be incorporated into the soil.

Weed rhizomes are dried and burned, but not composted. Pest larvae are collected in a container with kerosene.

What to contribute?

Before digging, mineral fertilizers are evenly scattered over the entire surface of the emerging ridge. Per 1 m2 add: ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, chlorine-free potash fertilizer(30 g of each per 1 m2) or complex fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (100-120 g). Organic fertilizers are added right along the way to every third or fourth groove between the dug and undug parts of the soil.

Fresh manure can only be applied to cucumbers, zucchini, and pumpkins (5-8 kg per 1 m2). If you “treat” potatoes with it, it will cause scab; carrots, parsnips, and root parsley will react by branching their roots; the bulbs of manured onions will ripen later. Semi-rotted manure and compost are applied under cabbage, potatoes, rutabaga (4-6 kg per 1 m2). Carrots, parsley, parsnips, celery, onions, radishes, lettuce, and dill are grown in areas where organic fertilizers were applied last year. On poor soils, 2-3 kg per 1 m2 of only completely decomposed manure or compost (humus) can be added to these crops. Duration of action organic fertilizers on heavy soils - up to 3-4 years, on sandy soils - up to 2 years.

If there is a need for liming in the spring, then chalk, slaked lime, quicklime, dolomite flour, cement dust, wood ash and other calcium-containing materials - 300-500 g per 1 m2 - are scattered evenly on the soil surface along with mineral fertilizers and immediately dig up to prevent loss of nitrogen from mineral fertilizers.

Do you need garden beds?

In the conditions of the North-West and on damp areas It is better to grow vegetable crops on ridges or ridges - the soil in them warms up faster in the spring and is freed from excess moisture. On light soils, beds are made up to 10 cm high, on loamy soils - up to 15-20, a convenient width is 1 m. During the formation of the beds, the soil is loosened and leveled with a rake. The edges are formed so that along them there are rollers 5-8 cm high: they will prevent soil erosion during watering or rain.

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are the main nutrients that plants need. What they need most is nitrogen, which promotes the growth of green leaves. Phosphorus gives plants energy and promotes root development, creates disease resistance and affects flower and fruit set. Potassium is involved in the formation of tissues and the construction of the entire plant, promotes the development of powerful roots. Increases plant resistance to diseases and their cold resistance, ensures better preservation of products. In addition to the three elements mentioned above, plants need calcium, magnesium and trace elements in small quantities. In addition to them, vegetable crops need humus (humus).

Sowing

The optimal temperature for germination of seeds of cold-resistant vegetable plants is 20-25 °C, and of heat-loving ones - 25-30 °C.

Photo: AiF/ N. Belyavskaya

Sowing dates*

Sowing begins when the soil at a depth of 10 cm warms up to 3-5 °C. Around this time, coltsfoot blooms en masse. You can sow cold-resistant crops: carrots, parsnips, parsley, dill, radishes, spinach, turnips, onions (with seeds), lettuce, Chinese cabbage, peas, coriander (cilantro), watercress, leaf mustard. At the same time, early and late seedlings are planted white cabbage, kohlrabi, broccoli.

From May 20, when the soil warms up to 5-8 °C (the benchmark is that birch leaves reach the size of a 10-kopeck coin), it’s time to sow beets and beans. And only in late May - early June, if the soil temperature has risen to 12-15 °C (dandelions bloom), heat-loving crops are sown: cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, beans, fennel, basil.

If the cold weather drags on, sowing and planting of heat-loving crops and potatoes can be shifted to more late dates. There's no need to rush here.

Sowing technologies

Before sowing, dry soil must be thoroughly loosened and poured to a depth of at least 15-20 cm, then furrows must be made and the seeds sown, trying to maintain the seeding rate. Thickened sowing will bring you a lot of trouble and problems in the future. The shoots in the “brush” will stretch out, the plants will shade each other.

When sowing any crops, add ash (1 cup per linear meter) or superphosphate (20 g), since phosphorus promotes active growth of the root system from the first days.

The lack of nutrients in the soil affects the plant from the first days, and in the future it is almost impossible to completely compensate for their deficiency. Therefore, the basic pre-sowing and pre-planting application of fertilizers (during digging) is mandatory. In the future, periodic feeding will also be needed.

For normal life, plants need oxygen, and not just all aboveground parts, but also to roots and seeds sown in the soil. Leaves also need carbon dioxide, which is actively involved in the processes of organic synthesis.

The sowing depth depends on the size of the seeds and soil characteristics. On the lungs loose soils deeper incorporation is required compared to heavy soils. The smaller the seeds, the closer to the surface they should be.

Small seed material of carrots, parsley, onions, radishes, various types cabbage is usually sown to a depth of 1-2 cm. Larger seeds - beets, spinach, cucumber - 2-4 cm. Peas, beans, melon, zucchini and squash are buried 3-5 cm, onion sets - 4-9 cm, pumpkin - 6-10 cm.

You cannot water immediately after sowing - the water will wash the seeds away. greater depth and will displace the air necessary for seed germination from the soil pores.

Photo: AiF/T.Zavyalova

Nuances

Zucchini, squash and cucumber seeds cannot be germinated. In the future, this threatens diseases of the root system - rot. They can only be soaked for 12-24 hours in aloe extract, or in an infusion of ash, or in a solution of baking soda (5 g per 1 liter of water) or soluble complex fertilizer (1 g per 1 liter). In the same solutions you can soak the seeds of beets, onions, radishes and other crops.

It’s good if tall plants grow in open ground on adjacent rows on both sides of the cucumber and zucchini: beans, corn, peas. With such protection, the air temperature in cool weather around the “sissies” will be 2-5 °C higher than in the open space.

Early ripening greens: dill, lettuce, coriander, watercress, Chinese cabbage can be sown in portions throughout the summer at intervals of 10-15 days. In the North-West, it is better to sow radishes before the end of May, then take a break for the period of white nights until the end of July. With long daylight hours, this crop does not form a root crop, but immediately proceeds to flowering.

Crops can be covered with old film, paper or light, allowing air and moisture to pass through. non-woven material. Non-woven fabric can remain on the beds for a long time - under it, young plants will be better protected from frost, and then from pests.

Landing

Landing on permanent place any seedlings, it is good to add 0.5 handfuls of humus, 5-6 peas of superphosphate or one tablespoon of ash into each hole.

Deadlines

From about May 20, you can plant seedlings of cauliflower, celery, head lettuce, onions, onion sets, garlic, potatoes, and seedlings of medium varieties of white cabbage.

The end of May is the right time to plant broccoli, kohlrabi, and leek seedlings in open ground.

Tomato seedlings and pumpkin crops are assigned to a permanent place of residence in the open air no earlier than June 10, when the danger of frost has passed. In the greenhouse, tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers are planted earlier - be guided by the weather and cover the plants just in case.

This is the main source of energy, which is spent on the formation (synthesis) of organic matter in the leaves, vitamins and other compounds necessary for the plant. Everyone needs light vegetable plants, but some crops are considered more demanding (these are vegetables with edible fruits: tomato, pepper, cucumber, eggplant, pumpkin, beans), others - less (root vegetables, lettuce, cabbage, perennial vegetables).

Photo: AiF/ N. Belyavskaya

Landing nuances

Bulbs onions For seedlings to germinate quickly, before planting, soak them in warm (40 °C) water for 2-6 hours and cut them “at the shoulders” if they have not yet sprouted, or cut the bottom crosswise.

Plant seedlings of all crops better evening Before planting, the holes are watered abundantly to the depth of the arable layer. Plants are buried in the soil up to the first true leaf, being careful not to cover the growing point. The soil around the plants is mulched with a 1-2 cm layer of peat, wet compost, humus and not watered, but only sprinkled with water. Post-planting watering will compact the soil, which may become crusty.

To be on the safe side, the planted seedlings can be covered with non-woven material.

It is important to prevent thickening, thin out and remove weeds in a timely manner. It is better to place rows of plants from north to south so that they are evenly illuminated in the first and second half of the day. In a greenhouse, it is advisable to keep the roof clean: wash glass or polycarbonate, replace the film on time.

In March, echoes of the February snowstorms can still be heard, and caring summer residents have already rushed to their suburban areas to get them in order for the upcoming season. It would seem that you can do it in the garden in early spring, when the earth has not yet warmed up enough, and there is even snow in the ditches? In fact, spring work at the dacha includes an extensive range of activities for cleaning the area, caring for trees, and preparing the soil for planting.

First of all, it is necessary to remove from the garden and vegetable garden everything that served as protection from winter frosts. Covering material or special structures must be cleaned, washed, dried and stored in the utility room before the autumn cold. From beds, flower beds and garden area You should remove the debris left over from the fall: windbreaks, old branches, fallen leaves, withered grass. Even if, by spring a little garbage accumulates again.

It is quite possible that with the first rays of the sun, the enemies of cultivated plants also hatched. While the roots are weak, the sprouts can be easily removed from wet soil. Moss begins to grow in warm places, and algae begins to grow in damp places. Short growth can be easily removed with a stiff brush, and the path from natural stone or bricks with the first pockets of young moss can be washed with a strong stream of water from a garden hose. Any activities with water should be carried out at above-zero temperatures, otherwise country yard will turn into a skating rink.

Containers, flowerpots and flower pots they also need to be cleaned, their integrity restored if cracks appear, and treated with herbicides. Old soil should be removed from containers that served as wintering grounds for perennial flowers and replaced with fresh soil, and the tubers and rhizomes of plants should be thoroughly dried.

An overview of the range of gardening work that needs to be carried out in March will also be useful:

Early spring is a good time to repair polycarbonate greenhouses that may have been damaged during winter time from snow drifts

Mulching and fertilizing the soil

Mulching is carried out in flower beds, vegetable gardens and gardens. creates for plants comfortable conditions, warming their roots in the cold and protecting them from the scorching rays of the sun in the heat. It retains moisture perfectly, eliminates the appearance of weeds, and protects against dangerous insects. Many cultivated plants(strawberries, cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkin) are less susceptible to rotting and increase yield on mulched soil. We should not forget about the decorative effect: mulched soil looks well-groomed and neat.

When biological fertilizer - manure - is added to mulch (for example, bark or sawdust), be sure to check the degree of its rotting. An incompletely oxidized substance can destroy plants.

Material for making mulch:

• sawdust;
• compost;
• bark;
• wood chips;
• straw;
• rotted leaves;
• covering fabric.

Fruit tree care

Simple gardening work to care for shrubs and trees rejuvenates them, increases yield and improves the appearance of plants.

Pruning branches and shoots

When the air temperature has overcome the 0°C mark, has become positive, but is still low, you should also berry bushes. As a result of pruning, the crown of the tree should take a cup-shaped shape with open center, which provides ideal illumination of each branch and excellent air access. Thinning the crown and shortening the branches is appropriate at a time when there are no flowers, leaves or even swollen buds on the trees. Along with the shoots, the trunk is also shortened.

Planting fruit seedlings

With the first rays of the sun, immediately after the snow melts, young seedlings should be planted. Planting is carried out while the trees are in a state of rest, sleep, that is, they do not have buds, otherwise the seedlings will die without surviving even a couple of weeks.

Planting of young fruit trees occurs in the following order:

• They dig a shallow hole, place manure at the bottom and on top of it - thin layer enriched soil.
• The roots of the seedling are placed in the prepared hole, carefully dug in and the soil is lightly compacted with your feet.
• They drive a peg next to the seedling, which serves as a support for it for the first time.
• Water and make sure that the soil around the roots does not dry out.

Watch the video for more details:

Grafting to obtain new varieties

Spring is the most suitable time for tree grafting. With equal success, you can carry out budding (grafting with a bud) or copulation (grafting with a cutting). Cuttings are the most viable, since shoots from a grafted bud hardly survive the winter. The most successful time for cutting grafting is the period between mid-April and early June. The operation is performed with a grafting knife or. One of the main conditions for effectiveness is close contact between the rootstock and scion.

Spring grafting of fruit trees is an excellent opportunity to have many varieties in your summer cottage, while planting only a few main trees

Treatment of flower beds with perennials

Dividing herbaceous perennials will be more effective if done in early spring. Thanks to it, the resource increases planting material and old plants are renewed, which begin to lose color, weaken and rot. If you divide the rhizomes of bells, asters, phlox, and crocosmia in time, they will begin to grow more actively, and flowering will be longer and more vigorous. Large bushes are divided into four parts with an ordinary bayonet shovel, placing them on a board. The place of dissection is the spaces between the kidneys. The roots of small plants are separated with a garden knife.

After the renewal procedure, bright crocosmias take on a second life: they should be dug up every 2-3 years, the children should be separated and planted in another place

Spring lawn renewal

In order for the silky grass of the lawn to please the eye throughout the summer, from early spring it is necessary to carry out a whole range of measures, the main of which are:

• feeding;
• combing;
• aeration;
• weeding.

For uniform and dosed application of fertilizers to the lawn, there are many devices, one of which is a convenient cart on two wheels

If the lawn is small in size, then for the combing procedure you can use a regular garden rake, and for aeration - a pitchfork

Methods of planting vegetables

If the climate allows, many vegetables are planted directly in open ground. There are several landing methods, which depend on the location:

• in the trenches;
• on raised ridges;
• on embankments;
• on flat ridges;
• into containers.

If the soil is light, sandy, warms up quickly, but does not retain moisture well, it is better to use the trench method. Clay soils also warm up easily and retain moisture well, which is why raised ridges are traditionally used for them. Several layers of manure, soil and compost, laid according to a special pattern, form bulk ridges, which are called “ smart garden" Ordinary flat beds are used in greenhouses, and containers are used where there is not enough free space for planting.

Material on how to make it will also be useful beautiful beds in your garden:

Raised beds are used for planting vegetable crops and flowers. Their distinctive feature is a border made of wooden boards or ceramic tiles

Pest Control

Unfortunately, with the onset of warm weather, they become more active harmful insects, capable of nullifying all the efforts of hardworking summer residents. Many of them attack fruit trees and shrubs. It is necessary to carefully examine all the branches and pay attention to the fastened dry leaves. Perhaps these are nests of lacewings or hawthorns. They must be collected by hand and burned.

Weevil beetles are destroyed on cold days, when they become numb and stop moving. A film is placed under the tree, then the branches are shaken. Fallen insects are burned. For moths and leaf rollers, use an infusion of mustard or wood ash. Medicinal women are afraid of infusion of garlic with tobacco.

A solution is also used to spray trees against pests. copper sulfate, urea, Bordeaux mixture, iron sulfate, and laundry soap helps against aphids

In addition to the listed types of spring work, there are many others, for example, planting flower crops, update garden furniture, cleaning of reservoirs.