Tips for planting and caring for yoshta in the garden. Yoshta - what is it and photo of the berry culture Yoshta care

More and more often personal plots Domestic gardeners encounter yoshta - planting and caring for shrubs is not difficult. Plant propagation is possible for everyone known to science ways, and the harvest healthy berries always excellent.

For 100 years, breeders around the world have been trying to create a hybrid of gooseberries and black currants. Despite the fact that only recently their efforts were crowned with success, the amazing shrub is very popular. Yoshta berries are larger than the fruits of the parent forms, there are no thorns on the branches, and the plant is also very decorative during flowering.

Growing yoshta

Yoshta captivates gardeners not only with its ease of reproduction - the shrub surpasses its parent forms in many qualities. The hybrid is more resistant to pests and diseases and easily tolerates significant temperature changes. The plant is undemanding to the planting site, but the harvest of juicy fruits will be richer if you choose a sunny one for yoshta open area. The perennial berry crop reaches a height of 1.5 meters, and the crown diameter even exceeds these figures.

This is interesting
The skin of the yoshta fruit is not as dense and tart as that of the “parents”, but this does not affect the safety of the berries. They can remain on the bushes for a long time; rot and mold fungi do not appear on them.

Yoshta berries have medicinal properties due to their unique composition. They are recommended for the following pathologies:

avitaminosis;
hematopoietic disorders;
Iron-deficiency anemia;
diseases gastrointestinal tract.

Yoshta got its delicate dark green leaves from black currants, and the shape and size of the fruits came from gooseberries. Landscape designers We have long noticed a graceful, tall plant. They use it to design garden paths in parks and create dense hedges. In mid-spring, the green leaves are hidden under many bright fragrant flowers. The plant is no less decorative in the summer, when clusters of fragrant berries ripen.

Reproduction of berry hybrid

Since Yoshta reproduces well by vegetative means(by cuttings, dividing bushes), then sowing seeds is rarely practiced. This method is advisable if a gardener wants to obtain new varieties for his collection.

Dividing the bush. This method is effective, but quite labor-intensive. A heavily overgrown bush is dug up in spring or autumn and excessively long or damaged roots are removed. Then sharp garden tool divide the bush into several parts. After processing the cuts with a garden varnish, planting is carried out on permanent place residence.
Autumn cuttings. This is the most common method of breeding yoshta. Lignified annual shoots left with autumn pruning, divided into parts 12-20 cm long. Each cutting should have four buds, only two of which are left above the surface of the soil when buried.
Summer cuttings. Green cuttings are cut into pieces 10-12 cm long. All leaves, except the top two, are removed and a longitudinal cut is made above each bud. The cuttings are planted in greenhouses at a slight angle, the seedlings are constantly watered and the soil is loosened.
Layers are horizontal or arcuate. Near an adult plant, dig up and moisten the soil. A two-year-old branch or one-year-old shoot is bent to the ground, secured with a bracket and sprinkled with soil. The newly formed bush is separated from mother plant in a year.

Autumn propagation of yoshta is most often practiced. The procedure is carried out at the end of September or beginning of October, a month before the onset of autumn cold weather. This time is necessary for seedlings to build up the root system and accumulate nutrients.

Plant berry bush Possible both in autumn and spring. Before planting, you should check the quality of the planting material.

The height of the seedling shoots does not matter. The main thing is his root system. It should be powerful and well grown. If dry or rotten areas are found, they must be removed and the seedling soaked for a couple of hours in a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate.
The younger the age of the planting material, the higher the likelihood of rapid rooting and fruiting.
The bark covering the trunk and branches of the seedling should not be wrinkled or dry. Under such woody skin, as a rule, dead parts of the bush are hidden.

If yoshta is planted in the fall, then all leaves must be removed by pinching. This should be done carefully so as not to damage the buds located in the axils of the leaves. This will help the seedling accumulate nutrients for a long winter.

5-6 liters are poured into the planting hole organic fertilizer, sprinkle it with earth and form a small mound on which the roots are carefully placed. The depth and width of the hole depend on the size of the planting material. The roots should not be crushed or broken off when planting. The planting hole is filled with the remaining soil, lightly compacted and watered abundantly. Using a sharp pruner, branches that are too long and withered are trimmed to grow young green shoots.

Berry bush care

The yield of yoshta does not depend on how the reproduction was carried out. But a shrub planted in a dark place bears fruit worse, and its branches quickly stretch out. It is advisable to place yoshta in such areas if it is intended to decorate the garden. Growing a hybrid as berry crop carried out in places that are exposed to sunlight most of the day.

Yoshta prefers moderate watering. Optimal time For water procedures- early morning or late evening after sunset. When watering experienced gardeners are guided by the condition of the soil under the bush. If it has dried well to 10-15 cm in depth, then you can add water to the soil. You must not allow moisture to stagnate under the roots, otherwise they will rot and the yoshta will die.

During the summer, you should mulch the soil several times with rotted hay or compost. This will help avoid cracking of the soil, reduce the number of waterings, and protect roots and shoots from harmful insects.

The berry crop responds gratefully to regular fertilizing:

V summer period the bush is fertilized with organic matter (3-4 kg) and superphosphate (25-30 g);
early autumn add 20 g of calcium sulfate;
During the growing season, the plant is fed several times with mineral fertilizer diluted in accordance with the instructions.

Yoshta does not need frequent pruning. It is enough to remove dried branches and very elongated shoots. Garden and garden pests prefer to avoid bushes. It is extremely rare that a plant can be attacked by budworm colonies. In this case, experts recommend using any drug with an insecticidal effect three times.

What could be more pleasant for a gardener than a rich harvest of juicy berries that begin to ripen in mid-summer. Connoisseurs distinguish tart nutmeg notes in the taste of the fruit. Gardeners collect up to 10 kg of ripe berries from each bush. Once picked, they are stored for several days in a dry and shallow container.

Jams and jams are prepared from the fruits of yoshta, and they are used as a filling for pies and sweet rolls. But the plant is valued not only for its vitamin-rich berries. Ease of reproduction and undemanding care allow you to decorate and improve the area around your home. This shrub successfully combines high decorativeness with abundant fruiting.

It is recommended to plant yoshta in a permanent place in early spring, before the plant awakens from winter dormancy or in early autumn. Moreover, the spring procedure is considered more favorable: by the onset of cold weather the plant will have time to adapt and get stronger.

Selection of seedlings

When buying planting material, you need to carefully examine the specimen you like. The roots of the seedling should be strong, elastic and well developed. The bark of a healthy plant, green on the inside, should not have any damage or foreign stains; the brown color of the “underside” indicates the low viability of the plant. It is necessary to tear off all the leaves of bushes purchased in the fall without touching the buds. Healthy roots of seedlings are slightly shortened, rotten and dry ones are removed. If the root system has become dry and weathered during transportation, it is advisable to place the plant in water for a day before planting.

Preparing the seat

The berry grower will be most comfortable in a sunny area located on loose, fertile soils. Experienced gardeners It is recommended to plant yoshta near currants or gooseberries: it is believed that the crop will bear fruit only in this case.

The holes for planting are prepared in the fall. It is necessary to maintain a distance of about 1.5–2 m between the bushes, but if you plan to grow yoshta as a hedge, then 40–50 cm will be enough. The procedure for the preparatory work is as follows:

A pit measuring 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 m is dug at the selected site.
Pour 5–6 kg of humus or garden compost into each hole, add 2–3 handfuls wood ash, 100 g of granulated superphosphate and add a little soil from the lower poor layer. The hole should be filled approximately one third with the resulting mixture.
The contents of the pit are mixed well, after which the nutritious soil of the top layer is added to half the volume.
10–12 liters of water are poured into the pit and left to shrink.

If the planting of yoshta is scheduled for autumn, it is recommended to prepare the hole for it 2-3 weeks in advance so that the soil has time to settle.

Landing technology

Before starting work, the bottom and walls of the pit are loosened with a pitchfork, after which they begin planting:

The seedling is placed in the center of the hole and the roots are straightened.
The hole is being filled fertile soil. To avoid the formation of voids in the soil, the plant should be gently shaken periodically.
Upon completion of planting, the surface of the area around the seedling is compacted and 10 liters of water are poured under it.
When the moisture is absorbed, trunk circle mulch with a peat or humus layer 7–10 cm thick.

Festive video recipe:

Upon completion of the work, the bush is pruned, leaving no more than 2-3 buds on each branch.

Watering mode

The shrub reacts to moisture deficiency with stunted growth and poor development, so watering the yoshta must be systematic and balanced. To supply water around each bush at a distance of 35–40 cm from the crown projection, dig a groove about 10–12 cm deep and limit it with an earthen roller at least 15 cm high. In one approach, 2–3 water is poured into the groove under an adult plant. The frequency of watering is adjusted taking into account the water permeability of the soil and weather conditions. The main thing is that the soil under the yoshta remains slightly moist throughout the growing season.

The next day after watering, the soil under the bushes is loosened to a depth of 5–6 cm, and between rows – to a depth of 8–10 cm. The procedure is carried out every 2–3 days, while simultaneously weeding out the weeds. It is worth considering that if the area is pre-mulched, then the need for watering, weeding and machining soil is significantly reduced.

Top dressing

Possessing a picky disposition, the yoshta does not need frequent feeding. It is enough to apply fertilizer twice per season:

In the spring, before budding, the soil under young bushes is filled with superphosphate (35–40 g) and potassium sulfate(20 g). For plants that are 4 years old, the rate of phosphorus fertilizers is reduced by 25 g, replacing them with the same amount of potash fertilizers.
At the end of autumn, wood ash is scattered under the Yoshta plantings, spending about 0.5 kg on each bush.

In addition, the source of additional nutrition for the berry garden is organic matter used as mulch, which additionally protects the soil from rapid drying out and overgrowing by weeds. When mulching the tree trunk circle, at least 2 buckets of peat or humus are added under the yoshta per season.

Diseases and pests

Like parent crops, yoshta is susceptible to numerous fungal diseases, including anthracnose, septoria, rust (goblet and columnar), cercospora, powdery mildew. They are all on early stages are successfully treated with fungicidal drugs, such as Fundazol, Skor, Topaz, Maxim, Bayleton. The situation is much more complicated with viral infections, of which most often the yoshta is affected by terry or mosaic. Effective means there is no control against them yet, and therefore diseased plants must be immediately destroyed.

And yet, the best measure of protection against diseases and pests is timely preventive treatment of bushes. It is carried out twice a year - before the start of spring sap flow and after autumn leaf fall. For spraying plantings, it is recommended to use a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture or copper sulfate. Among industrial fungicides, Nitrafen has proven itself well.

Trimming

Molding of the yoshte bush is not required, so pruning it is an easy sanitary procedure, during which all broken, diseased, dry shoots that thicken the bush are removed. They do this during the traditional spring and autumn gardening work. To prepare the plant for winter, healthy branches are shortened by a third. For the purpose of rejuvenation, shoots that have reached the age of 7-8 years are cut off radically - above the 5-6th bud.

Promising crop varieties

Yoshta can hardly surprise you with its variety of varieties, since it itself is a hybrid. The most popular are Rext, Krona, EMB, Yohini, Moro. Some of them are closer in characteristics to gooseberries, others have largely inherited the qualities of currants, therefore, when choosing suitable variety for planting, you should carefully read its description.

Harvesting

Yoshta begins to bear fruit at the age of two. Clusters of large berries are removed from the bush when they acquire a characteristic black-purple color. The collected fruits are used to make jam, compotes and jellies, and they also make excellent homemade wine. In addition, yoshta berries are extremely useful product, indicated for disturbances in activity digestive system, overweight, hypertension, diabetes. Regular consumption of them in food helps to normalize blood circulation and increase immunity. Moreover, the beneficial properties of the berries are preserved after freezing and drying. If agricultural practices are followed, the yoshta bush will supply its owner with valuable fruits for a long time, since the average lifespan of the crop is 20–30 years.

Yoshta is a hybrid of gooseberries and black currants, bred by a German amateur breeder in the 80s of the last century. If yoshta grows in the garden, planting and care, propagation and cultivation are not difficult for the owner of this amazing plant.

This is a perennial graceful shrub up to one and a half meters high and a crown diameter of up to two meters. Got its name from two words German language: Johannisbeere and Stachelbeere, which translated means currants and gooseberries.

Description

From currants, yoshta received dark green lacy leaves that stay on the bushes until frost. From gooseberries it inherited the shape and size of the berries, which grow in the form of small clusters. Each cluster contains from 3 to 5 berries.

The berries are large, dark purple, almost black in color, sour in taste, and have the aroma of both currants and gooseberries. From one bush you can get up to 5 kg of berries. The berries ripen unevenly, so the harvest can be harvested from July until frost.

At the beginning of ripening, the berries are hard and crunchy; when fully ripe, they become juicy with a sweet and sour taste and aroma of nutmeg. Covered with very thick skin. The berries do not fall off and are firmly attached to the stalks.

The bush consists of 15-20 large strong shoots of different ages. The depth of the roots is up to 40 cm. In spring, the plant is covered with beautiful bright flowers. It blooms in May, sometimes again in September.

Unlike gooseberries, they do not have thorns and lack the strong aroma characteristic of currants. Growing and caring for yoshta is not difficult due to the unpretentiousness of the plant. Resistant to cold temperatures and pests. Fruiting begins in the second year after planting. Maximum yield is achieved in 3-4 years.

The most popular varieties of yoshta: Triton, Odzhebin, Rudkis, Titania, Black Silvergitersa, from Russian varieties - the Zvyagintseva hybrid.

Has healing properties. They are used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, to improve blood circulation, remove radioactive substances and heavy metals. The berries are rich in vitamins C, P, and anthocyanins. Vitamin C is slightly lower than in currants.

Resistant to diseases and pests, tolerates absence well sunlight, although it grows and bears fruit better in well-lit sunny areas.

Yoshta Reproduction

After planting, propagation and care of yoshta require regularity and care, although it does not require much effort. Yoshta can be propagated using all the methods known in gardening:

Autumn cuttings. The most popular way. Young bark-covered shoots of this year should be pruned in the fall. Cut these shoots into smaller cuttings 15-20 cm long. Leave 4-5 buds on each shoot. Plant in the ground, leaving 2 buds on the surface.
Summer cuttings. Cut the green branches into cuttings up to 15 cm long. Remove all leaves except the top two. On the shoots, make a longitudinal cut above each bud. Plant under the film at a slight angle, periodically loosen and water.
Caring for yoshta and planting when propagated by cuttings do not require much effort; this method is common even among inexperienced gardeners. Therefore, cuttings can be considered the most preferable method of propagating this plant.
Dividing bushes. Produced in spring or autumn. It is necessary to cut off the overgrown roots, divide the bush into several parts, treat the cut areas with garden varnish and plant each part of the bush in a new place.
Seeds. This method is rarely used, usually if you need to get new variety yoshty. The seeds are mixed with damp, pre-steamed sand, then placed in a cool place. It is necessary to periodically moisten the sand.
By layering. Dig up the soil around the bush, water it generously, make grooves in the ground from the center of the bush to different sides, then bend the outer young shoots to the ground, secure with brackets and sprinkle with earth. Replant independent rooted bushes after a year.

If the seeds germinate before spring, then they should be planted in pots on a windowsill or in a snow bank until spring. In spring, seedlings are hardened off and planted in the ground.

Yoshta: planting and care

Yoshta is grown in individual bushes or in trunks. There is an opinion among gardeners that yoshta develops well and bears fruit only in the vicinity of gooseberries and black currant, therefore it is often grafted onto gooseberries or golden currants or used as a standard rootstock of currants and gooseberries.

It is best to replant yoshta in the fall: at the end of September or beginning of October. The bush must take root before the onset of autumn frosts, accumulate nutrients and build up the root system.

Planting yoshta in spring is less preferable for gardeners. In spring, air temperatures rise quickly, which leads to drying out of the soil. And yoshta loves moisture. When planted in spring, the cuttings take root well by autumn and produce the first harvest next year.

In one place the plant bears fruit for up to 18 years. Then you will need to transplant it to another place.

How to plant

To grow yoshta, a sunny, spacious place is required: over time, the bush grows greatly. You need to plant in a row at a distance of 1.5 meters, it is recommended to leave 2 meters between the rows.

Often used for hedges. To do this, young shoots need to be planted at a close distance from each other. It is not recommended to place the plant in the center of the site so as not to shade other plantings.

Yoshta is not afraid of winds and drafts. Does not grow well on sandy soils and peat bogs. Prefers loamy places.

You need to know how to plant yoshta in the spring, because it will require special attention to the selection of seedlings. Planting material must be good quality, with a powerful root system.

All dry or rotten areas should be removed. Before planting, place in water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. The seedlings should be young, with smooth elastic bark and a powerful root system.

Soil preparation

You should dig a hole 50-60 cm in size so that you can place the roots in a straightened state. To fill the hole, prepare the following mixture: for 2-3 buckets of rotted compost, take 350 g of lime, 80 g of superphosphate and a half-liter jar of ash.

Planting of yoshta is carried out in the following order:

Pour a third of the prepared mixture of compost and fertilizer into the hole.
Pour out a bucket of water.
Place a seedling with straightened roots into the hole.
Fill with the remaining mixture.
Lightly compact the soil and water.
Cover with a thick layer of mulch.

Immediately before planting, each bush should be dipped in a mixture of water and soil; before burying, the roots should be firmly attached.

After planting, be sure to cut off the stems and leave 2-3 buds on each.

When purchasing seedlings, you should pay attention not to the strength and height of the shoots, but to the quality of the root system. It should be fresh and moist. A plant with dry and weathered roots takes root less well.

The bark should be smooth and fresh. You can pinch off a small piece of bark. If the green tissue of the plant is exposed, then the seedling is fresh and alive. This plant takes root quickly and bears fruit well.

If it is impossible to immediately plant a seedling, then it can be buried in the shade. Place the plant in an inclined position in the dug hole, cover the roots and half of the shoots with soil. You can store it this way for up to a month.

Yoshta: care and cultivation

Yoshta is a moisture-loving shrub, so to preserve moisture and nutrients, it is recommended to mulch the soil near the bush with compost. The norm is 2 buckets of rotted compost per bush.

The next important step is pruning. Yoshta does not require special pruning to form a bush: only dried or frozen shoots should be cut off. In the spring, sanitary pruning is carried out.

Yoshta requires constant feeding: in summer, 5 kg of organic fertilizer is applied with the addition of 30 g of superphosphate per 1 m2. In the fall, add 20 g of calcium sulfide to this mixture.

At the beginning of summer, you should water it with a solution of mullein 1:5, bird droppings 2:20, or apply any mineral fertilizer, for example, Agrolife. From the 4th year, the dose of fertilizer must be doubled. In the fall, pour a half-liter jar of wood ash solution under each bush.

Resistant to pests and diseases that affect currants and gooseberries: anthracnose, powdery mildew.

Despite its relative youth, yoshta has managed to fall in love with many Russian gardeners. Extraordinarily beautiful appearance, tasty and healing berries, unpretentiousness and endurance make this berry bush attractive to many people.

Yoshta at his summer cottage - video

Yoshta is a berry obtained by crossing gooseberries and black currants. This hybrid, created by man, turned out to be quite powerful, frost-resistant and resistant to negative influence various pests, including kidney mites. The plant is not susceptible to powdery mildew and other serious diseases. Yoshta bushes grow very quickly. At the same time, the length of their shoots reaches a height of about one and a half meters, and, unlike gooseberries, there are no thorns on them.

Each brush of yoshta consists of fairly large flowers in the amount of 4-5 pieces.

The berries are several times larger than black currants, although they are very similar in appearance. One berry weighs approximately 3-5 g. The fruits have smooth and dense skin. Even after ripening, they do not fall to the ground, but continue to hang on the bush. The taste of yoshta berries is sweet and sour, reminiscent of both currants and gooseberries. Life expectancy of a shrub proper care is 20-30 years.

Features of cultivation

A hybrid of currants and gooseberries, Yoshta, can be planted both in spring and autumn. If planting is carried out in the spring, the seedlings take root well. At the same time, the first fruits can be obtained already at next year. When planting yoshta in early autumn, fruiting can also be expected next year, but only if the seedling has time to take root before the onset of cold weather.

The area chosen for planting should be well lit by the sun. It should first be dug up and added to the soil:

lime (approximately 400g/m2);
manure or rotted compost (1-2 buckets);
potassium sulfate and superphosphate (100 g each).

Yoshta lands in rows. The distance between seedlings should be at least 2 meters, and the gap between shrubs in a row should be 1-1.5 m. The depth of the hole should correspond to the root system of the seedling. Before planting, a so-called mash is made in the recess, consisting of fertile land and water. The seedling is not lowered and uniform movements carry out the mash around its roots. After this, the hole is filled with earth, watered and compacted a little.

Tip: In order to ensure high yield yoshta, you should not plant black currants or gooseberries near them. This ensures high-quality pollination.

How to care for a yoshta?

Growing yoshta requires mandatory mulching of the soil. This operation helps create optimal humidity, which is very important for this plant. In this case, you will not have to loosen the soil after each watering of the plants. The technology for pruning yoshta is almost the same as for black currants. But since yoshta has longer and more powerful shoots, there are some differences: overgrown branches need to be shortened, transferring them to a weaker branch that is located higher. If you do not prune the yoshta in the spring, the shoots may fall to the ground under heavy load, which will negatively affect the quality of the harvest.

In order to improve the taste of yoshta berries, special feeding should be done annually. The first is done in early June. It includes the addition of organic matter (4-6 kg/m2) and superphosphate (30 g/m2). During the second fertilizing, which is carried out in the fall, calcium sulfate (20 g/m2) is added to the soil. An alternative to mineral fertilizers is: in summer - bird droppings or mullein diluted with water (1:10), in the fall - wood ash (0.5 l/m2).

Reproduction methods

Exists different ways propagation of yoshta: using cuttings, layering, dividing the bush, as well as sowing seeds. If you need to transplant old bush, the method of dividing the bush is used. The division of the bush into parts is carried out in such a way that each contains a developed root system and has at least two shoots. This method is quite effective, but very labor-intensive. Fruiting can be expected in the second year.

Propagating yoshta by cuttings can speed up the production of seedlings. Cuttings approximately 10-15 cm in length are cut from the upper branches of the bush three times during the summer. All leaves, except for the top few, are removed. So that the plant can take root faster, one small longitudinal cut is made at the top of each bud, and two or three at the bottom. The cuttings are washed clean water and planted in greenhouses, having previously covered the soil with a ten-centimeter layer of fine sand. Plants are planted tightly and at an angle (45°). Planted cuttings need to be watered regularly. They take root approximately two weeks after planting, and a fibrous root system is formed.

For propagation using horizontal or arcuate layering, the presence of one-year-old shoots or two-year-old branches is required. The soil near the plant must first be dug up and leveled. Next, the shoots are tilted and sprinkled in pre-made grooves. After the length of the young shoots reaches 15 cm, they are sprinkled with fertile soil or humus. Agronomists recommend separating and replanting cuttings in the spring.

What variety should I plant on a plot in the Moscow region?

Yoshta looks very beautiful and with her appearance is capable of decorating any backyard or country cottage area. Since planting and caring for it is simple, many amateur agronomists prefer it to currants and gooseberries. To date, not many hybrids of this plant have been bred, and everyone chooses for themselves the variety of yoshta whose fruits they like best.

Among the varieties of yoshta for the Moscow region, the following can be particularly highlighted:

EMB. Its homeland is England. Wide bushes reach approximately two meters both in length and width. The taste and color of the berries are more similar to gooseberries than to currants. The shrub is resistant to harmful influences various diseases and insects;
Yohini. A fairly tall plant (height is about 2 m) with very sweet berries, which taste very different from both currants and gooseberries;
Crown. Developed by Swedish scientists. A straight shrub with shoots 1.5 m long. Each branch can have several brushes containing 5-6 fruits. Very often used as hedge, as well as for landscaping areas;
Rext. Bred by Russian breeders. It has excellent taste and high density of berries. Often used for landscaping areas. If the bush is grown for the purpose of obtaining a harvest of berries, then only thinning is done.

New varieties

Recently, columnar yoshta has become very popular. This plant is small and compact. Its height is up to 2 m. The berries ripen in July. They are quite large and very tasty. The plant requires constant support of soil moisture. With proper care and cultivation of yoshta, you can get a fairly high yield - up to 10 kg from one bush. In addition to being consumed raw, it is also used to make juices and jams.

Many people prefer to grow Yoshta Moro on their plots. The shrub can reach a height of 2.5 m. The berries are dark, almost black, quite large - the size of a cherry. They have a sweet and sour taste and a pleasant nutmeg aroma. Bushes of the Yoshta Kay Royal variety are spreading and powerful. The length of the shoots can be 1.5 m. Large berries have dark brown color and sweet with a slight sour taste. From one bush you can collect 8-10 kg of fruit.

Beneficial features

Vitamin C, contained in huge quantities in yoshta, has a beneficial effect on human immunity. Therefore, doctors recommend eating berries for the prevention and treatment of various colds.
It increases the level of hemoglobin in the blood, so it is recommended to use it in the treatment of anemia.
Helps normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Recommended for diarrhea, constipation and other types of gastric disorders.
Doctors advise hypertensive patients to eat yoshta berries, first mixing them with honey.
Phytoncides, which are part of the fruit, help not only in the fight against colds, but also relieve various inflammatory processes in the body, and also destroy microbial infections.
The beneficial properties of yoshta also lie in its rich mineral composition. For example, the presence of vitamin P, as well as berry anthocyanins, help improve blood circulation and strengthen blood vessels.
Since the berry contains a small amount of sugar, it is useful for people suffering from diabetes.
Very often, yoshta fruits are introduced into the diet of people who suffer from obesity or are simply trying to bring their figure back to normal. After all, the berry helps speed up metabolic processes and also burns fat reserves.
When consuming yoshta, the excretory system is stimulated, as a result of which toxins and radionuclides are removed from the body.

Tip: Yoshta fruits can be stored for a long time if frozen in freezer or dry in a special electric dryer. At the same time, all its beneficial substances are preserved.

However, there are some contraindications. People who are allergic to vitamin C, as well as those diagnosed with a tendency to form blood clots, should not consume this berry. Experts also recommend avoiding consuming yoshta for diseases such as ulcers and colitis, as well as if the body reacts negatively to eating black currants or gooseberries. Lovers of these delicious and useful fruits measures must also be taken to eliminate the risk of developing an allergic reaction.

You can find out interesting information about how to properly care for yoshta by watching the video:

What is yoshta? - This is a hybrid of splayed gooseberry, common gooseberry and black currant. The name Josta (German) is derived from the first syllables of two German words: Johannisbeere (currant) and Stachelbeere (gooseberry). The yoshta bush appeared in the 70s of the last century thanks to the many years of work of the German breeder Rudolf Bauer. However for industrial cultivation a hybrid of currants and gooseberries, Yoshta, was prepared only in 1989. In our country, yoshta has not yet gained wide popularity, but in Western Europe it is grown everywhere.

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Planting and caring for yoshta

Landing: early spring or early autumn.
Lighting: bright sunlight.
The soil: fertile, it is advisable to plant yoshta near gooseberry or currant bushes.
Watering: the soil is regularly moistened to a depth of 30-40 cm. Water consumption per 1 m² of land is 20-30 liters.
Feeding: the first three seasons, the annual rate of phosphorus fertilizers should be 30-40 g per year per m² of root area, and potassium - 20 g. From the fourth season, the rate of phosphates per year per m² decreases to 25-30 g, and the rate of potassium fertilizers increases to 25 g. Every year, the soil under each bush is mulched with 20 kg of humus or peat, and in the fall, a half-liter jar of wood ash is added to the tree trunk of each bush.
Trimming: in spring (before sap flow begins) or in autumn after leaf fall.
Reproduction: vegetative - cuttings, layering, dividing the bush.
Pests: different types mites and aphids, moths and currant glass beetles.
Diseases: anthracnose, goblet and columnar rust, powdery mildew, septoria, cercospora, mosaic and terry.

Hybrid Yoshta - description

Hybrid yoshta is a perennial, powerful, spreading shrub that forms shoots about 1.5 meters high or more. Its root system is located at a depth of 30-40 cm. Despite the fact that the yoshta bush is a direct descendant of such a thorny crop as gooseberry, it does not have thorns. The diameter of the crown of the yoshta is 1.5-2 m. The leaves of the yoshta, large, shiny, dark green, inheriting the shape of currant leaves, but not possessing its aroma, remain on the bush until winter. Yoshta blooms with large, bright flowers. The fruits of yoshta are sweet and sour, black with a purple tint, more like cherries, collected in a cluster of 3-5 berries. Usually yoshta bears fruit from the age of two.

Yoshta berry is resistant to frost, diseases and pests, its life expectancy is from 20 to 30 years. Considering the origin of yoshta, we can safely say that its relatives include not only gooseberries and black currants, but also red currants and white currant. From this article you will learn how to plant, propagate and care for yoshta, what varieties of yoshta can be grown in middle lane, why yoshta does not bear fruit if its bush becomes too dense, what diseases and pests of gooseberries and currants can harm yoshta, and much more.

Planting yoshta

When to plant yoshta

Planting of yoshta is carried out in early spring, before the start of sap flow, or in early autumn. The site for this unusual plant should be sunny and the soil fertile. They say that yoshta will grow and bear fruit well only if there is a currant or gooseberry bush growing nearby.

When purchasing planting material, you should pay attention to the quality and condition of the root system of the seedlings - it should be strong and healthy. Dry and weathered roots may not take root in the soil. Pay attention to the bark: its “underside” should be green, not brown, otherwise you risk buying a dead seedling. If you purchase yoshta seedlings in the fall, before planting, carefully remove all leaves from them, being careful not to damage the buds. Also remove rotten and dry roots, trim lightly healthy roots. If you feel that the roots are a little dry or weathered, keep them in a bucket of water for a day.

Planting yoshta in spring

Size landing pit for yoshta it should be such that the root system of the seedling fits in it with a margin of approximately 50x50x50 cm. The holes for planting are prepared in the fall. The distance between yoshta bushes is kept within 1.5-2 m, but if you decide to use yoshta as a hedge, then a distance between bushes of 40-50 cm will be sufficient.

Place half a bucket of humus or compost in each hole, add half a liter of wood ash, 100 g of superphosphate and some soil from the infertile layer and mix thoroughly. Fill the hole to a third of the volume with this mixture, then add up to half the volume of fertile soil from the top layer of soil and pour a bucket of water into the hole. This completes the preparation of the pits in the fall.

Over the winter, the soil in the hole will settle and become stable. In the spring, lightly loosen the bottom of the hole, place a seedling in its center, carefully straighten its roots and fill the hole with soil from the top, fertile layer, shaking the seedling from time to time so that there are no voids left in the soil. When the hole is full, lightly compact the surface of the area around the seedling, pour a bucket of water under it, and when the soil dries slightly, mulch it with a layer of peat, humus, straw, hay or grass 5-10 cm thick. After this, cut the seedling, leaving it on each shoot no more than 2-3 buds.

Planting yoshta in autumn

Planting and caring for yoshta in the fall is carried out in the same order as in the spring, but the holes for it are prepared two weeks before planting.

Caring for yoshta in the garden

Growing yoshta

How to grow yoshta? Growing and caring for yoshta is no more difficult than growing currants, and much easier than caring for gooseberries due to the presence of thorns in the latter. Activities for caring for yoshta come down to loosening the soil around the bushes, weeding, regular watering and fertilizing, as well as protecting shrubs from pests and diseases.

The first loosening of the site is carried out in April to a depth of 4-6 cm in the bite zone and 8-10 cm in the row-spacings. Loosening is carried out at least once every 2-3 weeks, but if you have mulched the area, then you will have to water, loosen and weed the soil much less often. In addition, mulching creates favorable conditions for the development and nutrition of shrubs. The best mulch for yoshta is humus and peat. Try to keep the soil around the yoshta bushes slightly moist and loose and prevent the appearance of weeds.

Yoshta processing

Growing yoshta involves protecting the bush from diseases and pests. To prevent Yoshta from being hit harmful insects And dangerous diseases, must be carried out annually preventative treatments bush. Therefore, yoshta in the spring, before the buds begin to open, and after leaf fall, when the plants go into a dormant period, is treated with one percent solutions of Bordeaux mixture, copper sulfate, Nitrafen or a seven percent solution of urea. The latter drug is preferable because, in addition to protecting against pests and insects, it also performs the function of feeding the plant nitrogen fertilizer. Wait until the temperature in the garden rises above 5 ºC and start spraying the bushes.

Watering yoshta

Caring for yoshta involves regular and sufficient watering of the bush. Lack of moisture can retard the growth and development of yoshta, which is why it is so important to maintain soil moisture around the bushes throughout the growing season. When watering, the soil should be moistened to the depth of the root-forming layer - 30-40 cm, so the approximate water consumption for one watering is 20-30 liters per m² of area.

Watering is carried out in the morning or after sunset. It is better to pour water into specially made circular grooves 10-15 cm deep, located at a distance of 30-40 cm from the crown projection. By outside The grooves should have restrictive earthen ridges about 15 cm high. The frequency of watering depends on the moisture permeability of the soil, the weather and the presence or absence of protective mulch on the surface of the area.

Feeding yoshta

Planting and caring for yoshta involves subsequent mulching of the area with peat or humus. Each bush requires up to 20 kg of organic matter as mulch, which protects the soil from rapid drying and cracking and is a source of nutrition for the plant.

In the first three years of life, the annual norm of mineral fertilizers for each m² of plot with yoshta is 30-40 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium sulfate. From the fourth year the norm potash fertilizer increases to 25 g, and the phosphate rate decreases to 25-30 g per m².

In the fall, a half-liter jar of wood ash is poured under each yoshta bush.

Pruning yoshta

When to prune yoshta

Pruning of yoshta is carried out in the spring, before the start of sap flow, and in the fall, after leaf fall.

Pruning yoshta in spring

In the spring, sanitary pruning of yoshta is carried out: broken, diseased shoots are removed and those that have frozen over the winter are shortened to healthy tissue. Yoshta does not need formative pruning, but over the years it is necessary to shorten branches that are 7-8 years old, leaving only segments with 6 buds.

Pruning yoshta in autumn

Every autumn, when the leaves have fallen and the shrubs and trees go into a dormant period, sanitary pruning is carried out, cutting out shoots affected by glass, broken and thickening the bush, and healthy branches of the yoshta are shortened by a third.

Yoshta Reproduction

How to propagate yoshta

Like currants, yoshta is propagated by layering, cuttings and dividing the bush. As you can see, in amateur gardening, only vegetative methods are used to propagate yoshtas.

Reproduction of yoshta by dividing the bush

The yoshta bush is divided in the fall and only when it becomes necessary to replant it. Reproduction and planting of yoshta is carried out as follows: the bush is dug up, the roots are cleared of soil, the plant is divided into parts with a sharp knife or pruning shears, each of which should have developed roots and 1-2 strong shoots, the cuts on the roots are treated with crushed coal, after which the divisions seated in pre-prepared places.

Reproduction of yoshta by layering

For this method of propagation in the spring, as soon as the soil warms up, well-developed biennial or annual branches are placed in 10 cm deep grooves made in advance in loosened soil, secured with metal hooks and, having pinched the tops remaining above the ground, sprinkled with fertile soil. As soon as the layerings develop shoots 10-12 cm high, they are half covered with earth. After 2-3 weeks, hilling is repeated to the same height. In the fall, or even better next spring, the rooted cuttings are separated from the mother bush and from each other and planted in a permanent place.

In addition to horizontal layering, vertical and arcuate layering can be used in the propagation of yoshta.

Reproduction of yoshta by cuttings

This method of propagation has two options: you can use green cuttings for rooting, or you can use semi-lignified ones. To harvest woody cuttings, mature shoots from two to four year old branches are selected. Doing so better in autumn, in the second half of September: the cuttings planted for rooting manage to take root and winter normally, and in the spring they grow together. The cuttings should have 5-6 buds, 15-20 cm long. Do not use the immature shoot tip for rooting.

Plant the cuttings in dug up soil at an angle of 45º at a distance of 60-70 cm from each other, leaving only two buds above the ground, the lower of which should be at surface level. Compact the soil around the cuttings, water it and mulch with peat. Caring for cuttings consists of watering, loosening the soil and removing weeds, especially in the first month after planting.

For green cuttings, on the contrary, apical cuttings 10-15 cm long are cut, from which they are removed lower leaves, and the two upper pairs are left, but shortened by a third. Green cuttings can be planted throughout the summer from June to the first days of September. Prepare a cold greenhouse for the cuttings in advance.

Do it over each kidney of each cuttings easy cut, and in the lower part - several cuts, place bottom cuts cuttings for half a day in a root former solution, rinse them after that in clean water, plant in a greenhouse almost close to each other at an angle of 45º and pour through a fine sieve, then cover with a transparent lid. There should be a distance of at least 15-20 cm between the lid and the cuttings. At first, do not lift the lid: there should be humid air in the greenhouse and a temperature of at least 20 ºC, but as soon as the temperature rises to 25 ºC, start lifting the lid daily for ventilation.

If you do everything correctly, it will take 3-4 weeks for the cuttings to root, after which you can begin hardening procedures, removing the lid from the greenhouse every day and gradually increasing the duration of ventilation. As soon as the cuttings are strong enough, remove the lid from the greenhouse completely.

The survival rate of green cuttings of yoshta is very high. Hardened cuttings are transplanted into a school for growing and, as soon as they take root in open ground, they are fed with 30 g of saltpeter dissolved in a bucket of water. Loosen the soil in the garden bed, remove weeds, keep the soil loose and slightly wet, and next spring transplant the seedlings to a permanent place.

Pests and diseases of yoshta

Yoshta diseases

You can get detailed information about what diseases can affect yoshta and how to fight them in the article about diseases and pests of currants posted on the website. In this article of ours, we will list the most common diseases of yoshta and briefly describe what measures are best to use to combat them. So, yoshta diseases: anthracnose, goblet and columnar rust, powdery mildew, septoria, cercospora, mosaic and terry.

Mosaic and terry disease are incurable, so diseased specimens must be immediately dug up and burned, and fungal diseases can be treated with fungicides - Fundazol, Bayleton, Maxim, Topaz, Skor and similar drugs. But best protection plants from diseases - compliance with agricultural technology and preventive treatments.

Yoshta pests

Among the pests of yoshta are the same insects that damage all varieties of currants and gooseberries: different types of mites and aphids, moths and currant glass beetles. It is best to use insecticides against these pests - Agravertin, Akarin, Actellik, Decis, Biotlin, Kleschevit and others.

Yoshta varieties

Since yoshta itself is a hybrid, it does not have many varieties. They are divided into two types: varieties that have largely retained the properties of gooseberries, and those that are closer in description to currants. We are offering to you short description Yoshta varieties:

EMB– resistant to diseases and insects, tall – up to 1.8 m tall – a variety of British selection that has largely inherited the characteristics of gooseberries. The flowering of this variety of yoshta lasts about 2 weeks, fruiting is abundant, berries weighing up to 5 g of excellent taste ripen for about two months;
Crown- a Swedish variety of medium yield, the berries of which are not large in size, but after ripening they do not fall off and remain on the bush for a long time. This variety is often used for hedges and landscaping;
Rext– frost-resistant, productive Russian variety s not very large berries weighing up to 3 g; excellent taste;
Yohini– a highly productive variety, reaching 2 m in height, with very sweet berries that taste little like gooseberries or currants;
Moro- a plant reaching a height of 2.5 m, with dark, almost black fruits the size of a cherry, with a purple bloom and a strong nutmeg aroma. Yoshta Moro belongs to the new, so-called columnar varieties - compact, but tall.

If you are interested in whether the yoshta plant is suitable for the Moscow region, we can safely recommend all these varieties for cultivation not only in the middle zone, but also in colder climates.

Properties of yoshta - harm and benefit

Useful properties of yoshta

included in yoshta in large quantities vitamin C has a beneficial effect on human immunity and protects it from colds;
Vitamin P and berry anthocyanins contained in yoshta strengthen the walls of blood vessels and promote good blood circulation;
yoshta increases the level of hemoglobin in the blood, so its use is recommended in the treatment of anemia;
Yoshta helps normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract; it is prescribed for constipation and other disorders of this type;
Yoshta berries mixed with honey are recommended for use by patients with hypertension;
the phytoncides contained in the fruits of yoshta help cope with various microbial infections and inflammatory processes occurring in the body;
sick diabetes mellitus can fearlessly eat yoshta fruits instead of dessert, since the sugars they contain do not provoke the development of the disease;
yoshta helps accelerate metabolic processes and burn fat reserves in the body, so it is often included in the diet of those suffering from obesity or those trying to lose weight;
Yoshta stimulates the excretory system, as a result of which the body gets rid of waste, toxins, heavy metals and radionuclides.

So that you can eat healthy yoshta not only in summer, but also in winter months, when a vitamin deficiency occurs, its berries need to be frozen or dried - from this yosht its healing properties will not lose. In addition, yoshta berries make excellent jam, jam, compotes, jellies and even wine. We offer you two recipes for yoshta preparations:

Grind a kilogram of washed and peeled yoshta berries from branches and tails with a blender, add 1 kg of sugar, mix and put on fire. When the jam boils, add a couple of mint leaves to it, remove the foam from the jam, pour into sterile jars and seal;
peeled from tails and twigs, washed 1 kg of yoshta berries are twisted twice through a meat grinder to obtain a homogeneous composition, 2 kg of sugar is added to it, thoroughly kneaded and placed in jars, filling them 2 fingers below the neck, and then sealed with nylon lids and stored in the refrigerator. This recipe allows you to save most of the medicinal properties yoshty.

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