How to properly plant an avocado seed in the ground. Avocado: growing in open ground. Germination in water

Growing an exotic plant at home is extremely difficult. Despite this, the popularity of the avocado tree is growing every year, although the edible fruits indoor option cannot give wood. However, if you only want to let the seed germinate at home in order to transplant the rooted sprout into open ground in a greenhouse with open ground, etc., then you may well get the fruits after several years of caring for the plant. Before looking for answers to the question of how to plant an avocado from a seed at home, you should prepare carefully from all sides. First of all, take care of the soil, prepare the seeds correctly, and also do not forget about a suitable pot and caring for the plant.

To understand which soil to plant an avocado in, carefully study the laurel family, to which Avocado belongs. So, the soil for this plant should have the following characteristics:

Deep drainage,
Looseness,
Good moisture holding capacity.

Of course, it is advisable to choose soil that is not prone to compaction, although the avocado tree can tolerate acid and alkaline reactions without consequences. However, this is difficult to say about a fragile sprout, so when planting a seed in open ground, you should take care of the quality of the soil. If on your personal plot the ground is far from ideal for such a tree, it’s worth preparing a suitable one yourself soil mixture:

1 part humus,
1 part of simple “garden” soil,
1 part lime sand (a mixture of sand and lime, where there is 3-4 times more sand than lime).

Humus can be replaced with peat in this case. Good aeration is very important for the soil when growing avocados, therefore the soil mixture, in addition to or instead of sand, may contain:

Peat,
Expanded clay,

Only when the soil is prepared can you ask yourself how to plant a seed. But it is worth noting that it is important to choose the landing site wisely. As a rule, the seed of a plant is first planted in a pot and only after a few months is planted in the ground. Here's how to choose the right pot for your avocado:

Material – plastic;
Size – small, about 8-10 cm in depth;
Features: good drainage and enough holes for water to drain.

The process of planting a seed in the ground

The hardest part about planting avocados is the waiting process. Gardeners worry whether the seed will sprout, whether it will be possible to grow a large tree with thick crown and, most importantly, whether the result will be fruiting. A lot will depend on the seed. To ensure that everything goes smoothly, you should undergo the preparation of the seeds:

Soak the seed in hot water(not in boiling water!);
Leave for about 30 minutes;
Remove the shell from the seed - soaking will make this process much easier;
Cut off the tip of the seed and treat the cut with an antifungal solution.

Now the avocado pit is ready to be planted in the ground. It is worth noting how to plant an avocado from a seed - the seed does not go completely deep into the soil mixture in the pot! The whole is placed in the ground itself, i.e. the uncut end of the seed. The narrow end of the bone is cut off so that the wide end sinks into the ground. The seed should remain in the ground no more than 3 cm, i.e. the remaining part of it is visible above the soil surface (1/3 or ½ depending on the size). This is important so that the seed does not rot, which can also be caused by flooding the plant with water too often and too much!

Note that it is important not only to plant the avocado seed correctly, but also to choose a good location and care for the plant in a pot. It is best to choose a fairly warm place with good lighting, but protected from direct exposure. sun rays sun. It is advisable to maintain the air temperature around the pot at 20-24 degrees Celsius, but not lower than 18 degrees, even in winter time of the year. Water the plant more carefully - it needs regular replenishment with fresh water, but watering should not be excessive. But in the winter season, watering the avocado tree, like the seed itself, costs much less than in the summer. It is better to humidify the air around the plant more often by spraying the leaves or soil with a spray bottle.

Seed to plant

Before you plant an avocado at home, you need to choose the right seed. Of course, it is much easier to buy a ready-made sprouted version, or an already fruit-bearing plant, but then there is no striving forward, no effort and no goal. Therefore it is necessary:

choose healthy seed,
the seed should be fresh, not dried six months ago,
the seed should not have damage or disease, at least visible,
If the seeds you collected are still not ideal, you should use others, otherwise you risk encountering failure when growing a tree.

Remember also that there is different ways planting seeds, which will depend on the preparation of seeds in advance. It is important not to confuse this:

To plant an avocado seed in open ground, the shell is removed from the seed. To do this, carefully make cuts along the seed with a knife and pull off the protective “film” around the seed;
At open cultivation The plant shell is not removed, but remains in place. Instead, 3-4 thin holes are made in the bone for matches or toothpicks;
If you want to plant a seed in the ground in a pot, then remove the shell from the seed and, in addition, cut off a piece of 8-10 mm from its end.

There is a very important and subtle aspect that not many people know about. When choosing an avocado in a store or market to remove the pit, be sure to look for overripe fruits! Remember that a hard fruit of a plant indicates that it is not ripe and, in fact, it is still “green”, but a soft fruit does not indicate that the fruit has spoiled, but that it is ready, i.e. it is ripe and tasty. This is exactly the option you need, but if there is little choice on sale, just wait until the fruit ripens at home. Once the pulp becomes soft, the seed can be extracted from the fruit - it is ready for planting.

The choice of avocado variety also plays an important role. The fact is that this plant grows in tropical and subtropical climates, and therefore for most regions of Russia it is very difficult to grow such a tree. In this case, we should advise you to pay attention to the Mexican race of avocados. This family can tolerate the cold quite calmly, being a cold-resistant plant. But in winter it is still worth covering the tree or growing it in a greenhouse.

Features of growing avocados

Proper care can even smooth out the situation when it was not possible to plant an avocado correctly. Ideally, of course, you should replant the seed or start the process from the very beginning, but you can also try to save the seed by bringing it to germination.

Support optimal temperature for the avocado tree. On average, it is 20 degrees Celsius. However resistant varieties plants to the cold will be able to survive 16-18 degrees of heat without consequences.
Be sure to fertilize the plant. This should be done in spring or summer. Use liquid foods as complementary foods. mineral fertilizers, organic fertilizers for plants from the tropics or for citrus fruits.
Pinching plants if you want to grow ornamental plants. Thanks to regular and timely pinching, the height of the tree will reach 2.5 meters, which will allow you to keep it even in an apartment.
Humidify the air around the plant so that the leaves on it do not dry out. To do this in a simple bottle Fill up with water, screw a spray nozzle onto the thread instead of a lid, and spray water onto the leaves and trunk of the plant. You can also place a container of water near the pot of avocado, or simply install a high-quality air humidifier nearby.
Repot the plant periodically. On average, this procedure should be performed once every 2-3 years, but not more often. It is not at all necessary to replant an adult Avocado - this is important for a tree that is just forming its root system, crown and fruits.

Don't be alarmed if an already mature plant drops its leaves! This process in a fast-growing fruit plant leaks all year round, which is the norm. Of course, the cause of excessive leaf loss may be excessively low or heat air, but it will probably be extremely difficult to understand this if you are not a professional plant grower. And finally, how to do it right:

Choose a ripe fruit - it is soft, but without external damage and suppuration,
Using a knife, cut the fruit lengthwise until you hit the pit and cut across the entire surface of the avocado,
Separate one part of the fruit from the other (one part will remain pitted),
Remove the bone and use it to grow an Avocado tree or dispose of it as food waste;
Remove the peel with a knife.

Now you can try the fruit. You can eat it just like that, add it to a salad, make oil, etc.

Despite the popularity of the popular nickname “bottle palm,” it is very difficult to confuse the genuine hiophorba bottle palm with its relatives. A real indoor giant and quite rare plant, Giophorba is one of the most elite palm trees. She became famous not only for her special bottle-shaped trunk, but also for her very difficult character. Caring for hyophorba is no more difficult than caring for ordinary indoor palm trees. But the conditions will have to be selected.

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You can find out how to grow avocados by reading the recommendations experienced gardeners. Compliance with all rules and recommendations, proper care and patience will help you grow at home exotic tree which will become an interior decoration.

What does an avocado tree look like at home?

An avocado plant at home can be grown up to 2-2.5 meters, it will be larger decorative decoration, rather than a fruit-bearing crop. A relative of the laurel, the avocado has glossy, varnished leaves that are dark green in color. The fruit of this exotic tree looks like a pear, the color of which is varied - from green to purple.

The crown should be formed in the form of a bush, then the evergreen tropical plant looks more attractive, otherwise it looks like a weakly leafy tree with an elongated trunk. You can grow avocados at home, you just need to know that when growing indoors, the plant may not bloom and will not bear fruit.

How to grow avocados at home?

Growing avocados indoors is attractive because this exotic tree is easy to grow from a seed, so you don’t have to look for ready-made seedlings on sale. Its advantage is the unique feature of purifying the air in the house. To understand how to grow an avocado, understand the intricacies of the process, it is not complicated, the plant is not capricious, the main problem– achieve flowering and fruit appearance. In apartment conditions, avocados rarely bloom and bear fruit, so exotic lovers, setting themselves the goal of achieving a harvest, must strictly adhere to the following rules:

a certain microclimate is created in the room, the air must be humidified daily;
the plant needs abundant watering in summer, and moderate watering in the cold season;
mandatory application of fertilizing, required in the warm season, combined in the fall mineral compounds based on iron, zinc;
good lighting, bright, but not hot, sunlight;
in winter - creation of additional lighting;
regular pruning, crown formation, pinching;
annual replanting into a larger container;
If possible, place the pot with the plant in the summer open air, for example, in the country, under the trees.

How does avocado bloom at home?

Plant lovers want to see how an avocado blooms at home, what fruits can be grown on a tree, but this is not always possible. By correctly carrying out all agrotechnical measures, you can see flowering in 5-7 years; to speed up this process, you need to get vaccinated. A 3-year-old grafted plant can bloom for the first time, at which time its crown is covered with a large number of white or yellowish flowers. Having achieved flowering, it is necessary artificially Using a brush, cross-pollinate the inflorescences to produce fruit, do this several times.

Do avocados bear fruit at home?

An avocado grown indoors can produce a harvest when it reaches a height of two meters and provided that it is vaccinated (ready-made grafted seedlings are sold in specialized stores). It is fashionable to grow avocado fruits at home in about five percent of cases, and the remaining 95% of plants do not bloom and do not produce a harvest, remaining only a decorative decoration for the interior.

To grow an avocado and make it bear fruit, you need to stimulate it; this can be done by pinching the top parts of the branches. But even the most careful and correct care, creation necessary conditions and the required indoor microclimate cannot guarantee that the plant will begin to bloom and fruit will appear. If you're lucky, you'll reap the harvest in five to seven years.

How to plant avocados at home?

The task of how to germinate an avocado from a seed at home does not require special effort, you just need to choose the right fruit from which you will extract it. A fruit that is not ripe or overripe is not worth buying; its seed is not suitable for planting. Remove the pit carefully, without damaging its integrity, then rinse thoroughly under running water, saturating the surface with moisture. It is possible to germinate a seed in the ground or in water, the first option will take up to 30-40 days, the second method will give results faster.

When planting in the ground, we choose the most common soil intended for home flowers. We lower the seed into the ground with the blunt end down, water it moderately (after providing it first) and place the container in a well-lit place. The soil should not dry out; keep it constantly wet, but don't overdo it. To germinate in water, insert three toothpicks into the seed, which will allow you to hold it suspended above the container, 1/3 of the way, plunging the blunt tip into the water. After the roots appear (at least 2-3 cm in length), plant the seed in the soil.

How to grow an avocado from a seed?

To plant a seed in the ground, select a container small size. Growing avocados from seed at home in the first weeks consists of regular but moderate watering, lighting and good drainage. After 7-10 days, a sprout appears, reddish in color, which will begin to rapidly grow in height (provided that it is healthy). Intensive growth and development occurs over 3-3.5 months; during this period, its top should be pinched in order for the forcing of lateral branches to begin.

How to grow avocado at home - pot

You need to choose a pot for growing avocados at home based on the size of the plant, giving preference natural materials. Transplant a tree that has reached a height of 12-15 cm from the original planting pot into container bigger size, if necessary, this procedure is repeated annually. A plant, being in cramped conditions, may lose bushiness, become faded and begin to lose foliage. An adult tree does not require such frequent replanting, since it root system slows down its growth.

Land for avocados at home

The soil for growing avocados is not acidic or heavy; to grow a healthy plant, neutral soil, well loosened and nourished, is suitable. When buying soil in a store, you can choose soil “for citrus fruits”, for self-cooking For the required soil mixture to grow an avocado, take the following elements:

2 parts garden soil;
2 parts sand;
2 parts organic matter, peat;
1/2 part of crushed expanded clay, polystyrene foam;
1 tbsp lime.

This soil is used when planting a seed or replanting a plant annually. Garden soil may contain harmful microbes, so the resulting mixture should be disinfected by pouring boiling water over it or keeping it in a preheated oven. Carry out this procedure a day before planting a seed or sprout. In order for the seed to “breathe” in the ground, and later water does not stagnate in the roots, you need good drainage, at least 1.5-2 cm.

How to pinch an avocado at home?

To make an avocado tree at home look highly decorative and bushy, the top should be pinched. This procedure is carried out after the first 6-8 leaves appear on the plant; it will stimulate the appearance of lateral branches. Pinch out new shoots after 4-6 leaves. Pinching is best done in spring period, this will help the tree form a beautiful, lush crown within 1.5-2.5 years.

How to care for avocados at home?

Caring for avocados at home is not difficult, but it must be constant, especially for young plants. Create a tree as follows comfortable conditions to grow it correctly:

lighting (if necessary, use artificial lighting, especially in autumn and winter), although this plant tolerates partial shade perfectly;
temperature above room temperature in summer, at least +20° C – in winter, at less comfortable temperature conditions leaf shedding is possible;
regular watering, intensified during the growing season, moderate in the autumn-winter;
air humidity, this parameter is necessary to maintain the beauty of the plant, in heating season spray the tree more often warm water;
fertilizing with various complexes, this should be done in spring-summer and early autumn, later the plant does not need fertilizers;
pruning is necessary for shaping beautiful crown and decorative appearance.

Watering avocados at home

In order to decide whether it is necessary to Once again When watering an avocado, dig your finger 4-5 cm into the soil; if you feel moisture, you don’t need to water it. Use settled water, preferably its temperature should be 3-5° C degrees above room temperature. In summer, water more often, immediately after the top layer has dried; in the cold season, intensive watering is not required.

Avocado is a tropical plant and does not tolerate dry air; spray water around it often, avoiding getting it on the leaves. You can grow an avocado tree from a seed by placing the pot in a tray with either moss or well-soaked expanded clay, especially if you are leaving home for several days and cannot water the tree on time. When using this method, do not let the bottom of the pot touch the water.

Growing avocados at home - feeding

Having learned all the details about how to properly grow an avocado, Special attention pay attention to the feeding process. Caring for avocados at home requires the mandatory application of fertilizer to the soil; this should be done during the active period of plant development, that is, in spring and summer. The frequency of use of mineral, organic complexes or special compositions for citrus fruits is one to two weeks.

When thinking about how to grow an avocado at home, exotic lovers should know that if favorable conditions are created for it, it can have a height of up to 2-2.5 meters and have a lush, branched crown. Being an evergreen, decorative tree it will decorate any room, and with special care and proper care you will see its flowering and taste its delicious fruits.

The desire to grow your own homemade avocado haunts many gardeners, although it is no secret that from the point of view of indoor cultivation this is a problematic fruit. And this article is for those who are ready to “go beyond the price” and grow an avocado from a seed.

About the problems of growing avocados

Firstly, as numerous sources indicate, it is almost impossible to obtain fruit-bearing avocados at home. It seems that it is this “almost” that provokes exotic lovers.

Secondly, only ripe avocado seeds have the ability to sprout, and they are rarely brought to our stores.

Thirdly, for a full-fledged harvest to appear, homemade avocados require cross-pollination. Self-pollination significantly reduces (but does not eliminate) the likelihood of fruit appearing on an avocado grown from a seed.

Fourth, the leaves of some avocado species are poisonous and therefore can be dangerous to children or pets. The leaves of other varieties of this plant can cause allergies.

And fifthly, an avocado tree that easily loses its leaves rarely looks decorative.

Sprouting avocado from seed

As already mentioned, not every avocado seed is ready to germinate. In order to keep the process under control, they resort to open method its germination, which we will describe below. Those who want to go the traditional route can plant the seed in the ground, deepening its blunt end by 2-3 cm. If the seed is ripe, it will germinate in fifteen to thirty days.

An open method for germinating avocado from a seed

The task is to hang the bone above the surface of the water so that its blunt end is immersed in the liquid. To do this, three or four small holes are made in the dense skin of the seeds, into which matches or toothpicks are stuck. The bone suspended on such spacers is placed over a glass of water, and care is taken that it is always recessed by a third. After some time, the ripe seed will develop roots and, possibly, a sprout. After the roots grow to 3-4 cm, carefully move the seed, trying not to damage them, into a pot with soil.

Lighting. Avocados do not like direct sunlight. A north window or a closed loggia is quite suitable. It’s a good idea to organize in winter.

The plant is thermophilic and dies at a temperature of 10-12°C.

Watering. Like any tropical plant, home avocado loves to feel moisture around it. Frequent spraying and air humidification are required. Abundant and regular watering is necessary, the frequency of which will ensure constant uniform moisture in the coma.

Fertilizer. Once a month, feed with any complex fertilizer.

Use a mixture of garden soil, sand and peat (humus) in a 1:1:1 ratio. The soil should always be loose.

Transfer. Young avocados grown from seed are replanted once a year, older ones - once every two to three years. In the spring.

Formation. The formation of a tree is carried out by pinching young branches after 4-7 leaves have appeared on them. The usual height of a home-grown avocado is about one and a half meters.

Graft. Grafting is done in order to obtain edible fruits. True, in our conditions it is difficult to find material for vaccination.

Possible problems when growing avocados from seed

The leaves of the tree dry out and fall off. The likely reason is that the air is too dry; it is necessary to spray more often, and place the pot on a tray with wet moss or expanded clay. Second of possible reasons- drying out of the soil. It is important to ensure the correct watering regime.

The leaves of the plant become covered with dark spots and fall off. Perhaps the tree is bothered by a draft, or it has suffered from mechanical stress. Decay lower leaves- a natural process.

Irina Surdu specifically for the site All about flowers

Discussion: 10 comments

Do we need to change the water when we germinate a seed in a container using toothpicks?

In any case, every three days, if you’re not lazy, or once a month. You can add germination stimulants for seeds and seeds or universal fertilizer to the water! Ya-hoo! To make it germinate faster.

))))))))) I just threw the seeds into a pot of soil) 2 avocados sprouted - without any hassle with toothpicks. also medlar, pomegranates, some citrus fruits) such a magic pot turned out))

We also had an avocado sprouted just in a pot of soil, about 20 centimeters now. Besides, I wouldn’t say that it was particularly ripe. I don't know, at least that's what it seemed to me)

Some incredible idea sooner or later appears in the head of each of us. So, for example, while eating an orange, you most likely thought at least once: “Is it possible to grow an orange from a seed?” Most often, of course, such ideas end in failure. This happens due to inexperience. For example, consider such an exotic plant as avocado. Few people know how to plant, which means this information will never be superfluous.

Avocado has long been famous for its beneficial properties and versatility of application. This fruit is useful not only to eat, but also to grow - an exotic plant will not be out of place in any home. In terms of absorption of carbon dioxide, an entire window sill of ordinary indoor flowers. The oil of this amazing fruit is used in cosmetology, as it actively restores and smoothes the skin. So why not make such a mask at home from your own fruit? Even this reason is enough to make you interested in how to plant an avocado from a seed.

It is worth emphasizing right away that growing avocados from seeds begins in the store. The further result depends on which fruit you choose. Overripe or unripe fruit is not suitable. You need one that, when pressed, crushes the flesh only slightly. This indicates the ripeness of the fruit. Buy - bought, but how to plant an avocado is worth understanding in more detail.

In what soil and how to plant an avocado from a seed

You can even plant in plain soil. We take the seed and plant it in the ground with the blunt end. You only need to sprinkle the bone halfway, as otherwise it may begin to rot. We water it. Abundant watering in the case of avocado, it is possible, since the plant is extremely moisture-loving. In two weeks the first shoot should appear. The method is surprisingly simple, but not reliable.

Growing an avocado from a seed is practically no different from growing any other exotic plant, but there is one caveat - it is better to germinate the seed first. This can be done by simply placing it in water. There are other options for planting avocados, but they are not always effective. So, only half of the future plant should be in the liquid. We pierce the blunt side of the bone with toothpicks perpendicularly so that we have a support. Horizontally inserted toothpicks fit well on the edges of any glass. Fill it with water and wait two weeks. If it doesn’t germinate, we go and buy another fruit.

How to plant an avocado from a seed

Roots and sprouts have appeared, which means it’s time to plant in the ground. You need to choose a pot with holes in the bottom, and if there are none, then think about how to plant one that can release excess water. The plant will have to be watered quite often, which means that if there is too much moisture, it will rot. If you don't have a suitable pot, make the holes yourself. You also need to remember that drainage is required. Place a layer of expanded clay on the bottom of the pot. As for the earth itself, then, of course, it must have a certain composition. We need a mixture of wet peat, garden soil and coarse sand in equal proportions. Or purchase special composition V flower shop. It is required to plant so that only 1/3 of the seed is in the ground. In summer, avocados will have to be watered much more abundantly than in winter. Regular spraying with warm water won't hurt either.

Avocado is not too demanding on the presence of sunlight, so you can keep it on the shady side of the room. Best temperature for proper plant development - 15-20 degrees above zero.

When the plant has reached a height of 10-15 cm, it should be carefully replanted. IN natural environment Avocado grows up to 18 m. If you don’t need such a giant, just remove the leaves from the top in time.