DSP technical characteristics application. What are cement bonded particle boards? Review and description of the material. Disadvantages of slabs made of cement and shavings - what are they?

The first enterprises for the production of cement-bonded particle boards (CPB) were opened in the USSR in the late eighties of the last century, and many of them are still operating today. Boards made of cement and shavings are not as popular as plywood, plasterboard or OSB, but they are a universal material with a wide range of applications and high technical and performance characteristics. Members of the FORUMHOUSE portal know about all the advantages of DSPs and actively use them, including on the facades of their houses.

Cement particle board - raw material base, manufacturing method, technical characteristics

One of the main advantages of these boards is their natural composition - they do not contain formaldehyde or other aggressive chemicals released in environment during operation. Products from different industries may differ in the composition of mineral additives, but the quantitative proportion of each group of substances used remains unchanged:

• Binder (Portland cement m500, GOST 10178-85) – 65%;
• Wood shavings – 24%;
• Water – 8.5%;
• Hydration (mineralizing) additives – 2.5%.

DSP is composite material made from a mixture of cement and smooth, thin wood shavings coniferous species. Since wood contains sugars and other substances that negatively affect cement and make it difficult to form a monolithic structure, mineralizing additives are used to neutralize them. This can be calcium chloride, aluminum sulfate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, sodium silicates and others. The shavings are treated with reagents, mixed with cement until a homogeneous mass is formed, and then sent for molding. To increase strength and obtain a smooth and uniform surface, slabs are formed from several layers, which differ in both the size of the chips and their location. Most often there are three layers - the middle one, made of coarser and larger chips, the outer ones, made of smaller ones. Some industries form a particle-cement carpet of four layers, but the principle is the same - large fractions inside. The formed slabs are pressed under a pressure of 1.8-2.0 MPa, after which they are subjected to heat treatment in the curing chamber (8 hours at 50-80⁰С, humidity 50-60%). The parameters of the finished slabs must comply with GOST 26816-86, there is also a European standard - EN 634-2.

The slabs have a lot of physical and technical characteristics that will tell little to the average consumer, who is mostly interested in
does the DSP stove burn, so let’s look at the main ones:

According to the regulations, slabs can be either 1250 mm or 1200 mm wide. The first option is outdated, although many enterprises, especially the “mastodons” of the industry, still produce slabs of this width. Length: two main sizes are common - either 2700 mm or 3200, but there are also 3000 mm options, and the required parameters can be made to order. Despite a lot of advantages, the slabs have a significant drawback - due to the raw material base, they turn out to be quite heavy. The thinnest slab, 8x1250x3200 mm, will weigh about 36 kg, and a 40 mm thick slab with the same dimensions will already weigh 185 kg. Therefore, when working with slabs, an assistant is usually required to unload large quantity- technology, and the limitation for use on the facade is a height of more than three floors. But this material is used in almost all construction fields, depending on thickness:

• Internal wall cladding – 8-12 mm;
• Interior partitions– 8-20 mm;
• Roofing systems, façade cladding– 10-16 mm;
• Subfloor (ceilings, floating screed) – 16-26 mm;
• Formwork – 14-26 mm;
• Enclosing structures during the construction of frame houses - 10-40 mm.

DSP board: application for external work

One of the options for using DSP is a facing screen in ventilated facade systems. The result is a smooth surface, resistant to external influences, completely ready for use. finishing. Since when installing slabs it is necessary expansion joint(6-8 mm, minimum 4 mm), most often this cladding is combined with a half-timbered finish. It is also possible to paint the canvas with facade paints, like one of our users.

glebomater Member of FORUMHOUSE

I have a foam plastic house, DSP outside and inside. The outside is painted with façade water-based emulsion on sheets, it holds up perfectly, the inside is wallpapered using DSP - everything is great. It’s really easy to hang it with two people, sawing the slab with a grinder and a stone saw.

The technology for installing DSP on the facade is standard: lathing from wooden beam or metal guides, with a pitch between posts of 600-625 mm (depending on the width of the slab). Between the insulation and the DSP there must be ventilation gap not less than 40 mm. The plates are attached to the sheathing with self-tapping screws; it is recommended to use galvanized or anodized ones, since black ones, even if the caps are puttied, can cause damage over time. rust spots and through several layers of paint. Holes are pre-drilled in the slabs for self-tapping screws; if the screws are ordinary, countersinking is performed - a chamfer is selected in the upper part of the hole so that the self-tapping screw is recessed into the slab. When using self-tapping screws, the installation process is simplified.

Since DSP is quite heavy and to some extent brittle material, it is necessary to follow certain standard fastening rules given by a member of our portal.

AlexanderTVVAUL User FORUMHOUSE

For DSP as facade material You need to remember about linear changes in geometry with changes in humidity and temperature. They exist, like any slab material. To resolve the issue with proper use and lack of further negative consequences, installation technology must be followed.

• The fastener spacing along the edges of the slab is 300 mm;
• Distance from the edge – 16 mm;
• The fastener pitch in the middle of the slab is 400 mm;
• Fastening the corners (against chipping) - at a distance of 40 mm on the long and short sides.

Expansion joints can be left open, covered with flashings or decorative overlays (false timber) or sealed special compounds(when finishing with plasters). If sealing of seams is not planned, and the facing cake does not include insulation, before installing the slabs, the racks are protected from moisture (special impregnations or insulating tapes).

Portal member Andrey Pavlovets used DSP with imitation half-timbering for building cladding country house and baths and am completely satisfied with my choice.

Andrey Pavlovets User FORUMHOUSE

The house and the bathhouse have been standing for about 12 years now - everything is sheathed with fiberglass, and the house had to be sheathed alone, due to the lack of helpers. To make it easier to work, I sawed the slab into 1200x1200 mm squares, stacking the sheets, then drilled and inserted the fasteners. I sheathed it using old clapboard, so there were small cracks for ventilation. And the pie is as follows: outer layer - DSP - 10 mm, lining - 20 mm, glassine, lathing - 25 mm, mineral wool - 100 mm, film (vapor barrier), air - 50 mm, lathing - 25 mm, plasterboard, finishing (wallpaper) .

After installation, the walls were painted with two layers of water-based paint facade paint, with a roller, the seams are covered with planed overlays edged boards, painted in dark light. The layout of the overlays was chosen taking into account the seams of the cladding. Although no primer was used, the paint has not peeled off over the years, and the house has not been damaged original appearance. However, if you follow the technology, preparation (priming) is a mandatory stage of work, and you should not neglect its implementation.

Used with cement - particle board and for covering frames, as enclosing structures.

Bolshakov User FORUMHOUSE

What is DSP? Why is it needed? Where and why is DSP used?

So, what is DSP?

CSP (cement particle board)– this is a new generation material. It is strong, moisture resistant and durable! Let's find out why.

As the name implies, CBPB is made from cement and wood shavings. Cement has good fire resistance and wood shavings prevents the slab from cracking in frost or heat.

Besides, cement bonded particle boards have excellent heat and sound insulation qualities. This makes this material universal for carrying out external and internal work in different climatic conditions. The material is as easy to work with as with conventional timber. But unlike wood, CP is reliably protected from damage by insects and rodents, and is practically not afraid of fungal formations.

Advantages of DSP

Environmental friendliness

The main chemical binder in CBPB is the cement itself. This material does not contain any phenolic, formaldehyde or other toxic compounds.
The slabs are made by pressing a mixture of wood shavings, cement, minerals and water. Indeed, CBPB is environmentally friendly pure material.

Fire safety

During indoor fires, DSP boards do not generate smoke or emit toxic gases or vapors. Cement is generally considered non-flammable material. AND,
If CBPB boards are compared with the well-known OSB, then CBPB clearly wins.

Biostability and moisture resistance

DSP contains antiseptics that help resist the effects of various fungi, beetles, rodents and other living creatures.
Biodestruction of CBPB boards is not observed even with prolonged exposure to moisture.

Frost resistance

Perhaps the most important advantage of DSP is frost resistance, which expands the geography of use of cement particle boards. Thus, the standard value for the reduction in bending strength after 50 cycles does not exceed 10%. In practice, the value of this indicator is lower. Long-term experience in using structures with TAMAK CBPB in buildings for various purposes in Yakutia and Khanty-Mansiysk has confirmed the high performance properties of the material.

Reliability

TAMAK CBPBs tolerate changes in temperature and humidity levels well over a long period of time. This ensures a wide geography of application and durability of structures.

Application of DSP

Construction and insulation of buildings

One of the most popular types of work using cement particle boards is the insulation of buildings of various types. In frame construction, the installation of cement bonded particle boards allows you to perform two tasks at once. With their help, both external and inner surface building. The slabs are attached directly to the sheathing frame.

Typically, 12-16 mm thick CBPB boards are used, which must be attached to the sheathing. It is best to choose the size and material of the sheathing and strictly follow the manufacturer’s recommendations. For this type of work, it is recommended to use mineral slabs as insulation ( mineral wool). You need to leave a small gap between the plates, no more than 10 mm. It must be insulated with elastic mastic or a sealing gasket. Such a gap needs to be closed from above, for example, with the same cuttings of DSP.

Interior work with DSP

Cement particle board is a completely safe and environmentally friendly material. DSP boards are recommended for use in interior decoration of any type of premises. These slabs are used to quickly and efficiently level the wall. They can be mounted on a wooden sheathing made of timber or metallic profile. To do this, use nails, screws and self-tapping screws. After this, the slabs can be faced, plastered, painted or other work carried out. This finishing significantly increases the level of fire safety.
DSPs are also excellent for forming internal partitions, especially when it comes to moisture-resistant partitions. While ordinary chipboard is well suited for an ordinary screen, such material will not withstand long in conditions of high humidity. In order to increase the service life of such a partition, it must be painted with recommended moisture-resistant paint. Particular attention should be paid to the edges of the slab; they must be treated with a special moisture-repellent agent.

DSP floor and roof
The rule of good form is to use DSP when laying the floor or forming roofing pie instead of outdated chipboards.

There is no need to change technology at all. Usually the floor is arranged on logs with a section of 50x80 mm and a pitch of about 600 mm. For this type of work, more durable slabs with a thickness of 20 to 26 mm are used. With their help you can lay a base under the floor, sf form an underlying or leveling layer. DSP is also used for laying heated floors and clean floors with a top layer. Separately, it should be noted that it is possible to lay a floor made of cement bonded particle board with a thickness of 24 and 26 mm directly on the ground. This allows the construction of warehouses and utility rooms on bulk soil, even at sub-zero temperatures. That is, the costs of repair and auxiliary work are significantly reduced. Firstly, there is no need to select the appropriate time and temperature, and secondly, the installation of such a floor is carried out in short terms, thirdly, with a minimum of financial costs, you get a full-fledged workspace.

As for soft roofing, despite the increased moisture resistance of the building material, it is necessary to strictly monitor waterproofing. The main danger for any roof is water that has penetrated and accumulated inside. If the damage is not detected in time, then
the consequences can be very different. Therefore, the joints between the plates must be protected with strips of sheet material. After this, they are further reinforced with strips of protective roofing material. And only after that a protective roll coating is applied to the roof itself. But in general, the process of forming the foundation for soft roof using DSP is practically no different from working with similar wood materials. Depending on the building design, slabs with a thickness of 16, 20 and 24 mm are used.

External works with DSP

Cement bonded particle boards are often used in outdoor applications. The simplest example is cladding metal doors. You can select and attach a slab of the required size even without prior preparation. Excess edges can be easily removed with hand tools. Sheathing can be carried out both externally and externally. inside. This will significantly increase the sound and heat insulation of the room, and also give the door fire-resistant qualities. One 20 mm thick DSP board can hold a flame for 50 minutes. It is recommended to use this material for fencing a balcony or loggia. Typically, asbestos-cement sheets are used for this purpose, but this material is very fragile. This complicates its installation and leads to rapid failure during operation. By using DSP to fencing your balcony, you get a strong and durable structure.

Recently, window sill boards have begun to be produced from DSP. The size of such a board can be very different. They are usually made directly on construction site depending on the size of the window. The minimum thickness of such a board is 10 mm, the maximum is 26 mm. This technology is characterized by the following advantages: low price, durable smooth surface, absence of joints, dimensional stability. When pouring the foundation, cement-bonded particle boards are increasingly used as formwork. This technology has proven itself in low-rise construction. Typically, slabs with a thickness of 12 to 26 mm are used, depending on the size of the foundation. In this case, the plates perform two functions at once. Firstly, their use can significantly reduce labor costs and work time, because installation of this building material is as simple as possible. Secondly, if the outer part of the slab is painted with a special paint, then they will take on the function of vertical waterproofing. But the main thing is that the DSP is strong enough not to deform during pouring and hardening of the concrete mixture.

Being a universal building material, cement bonded particle board successfully used in modern construction when carrying out internal and external work. The products contain natural wood, but are in many ways superior to other analogues (chipboard, OSB), since they positive properties does not end with excellent sound and heat insulation. DSP sheets have high strength, fire resistance and the absence of shrinkage processes.

The production of CBPB consists of the following stages:

The smooth surface of the slab is obtained due to the special distribution of chips in its structure - larger fragments are located inside the product, and small ones are on the surface. During the production of CBPBs, there are no voids in them. Another advantage is that the product is not subject to additional alignment, but can be immediately used for making a subfloor and serve as a high-quality, even base for laminate, tiles and other types of finishing coating.

To understand what it is cement board , it is necessary to consider its composition. Cement particle board is a multicomponent sheet building material made from Portland cement and wood chips. In addition, the internal composition of the products is supplemented with special chemical additives to enhance the relationship between the main components. The proximity of cement and natural wood under normal conditions does not lead to positive results, since cement causes excessive moisture in the wood, warping and rotting.

Additives are added to the composition of cement-bonded particleboard to neutralize the negative effects of cement on wood; their amount is 2.5-3% of the total volume. In addition, they enhance the heat and fire resistance of the material. Due to the fact that cement predominates in the slab composition, it has high strength, frost resistance, soundproofing qualities, vapor permeability and biological passivity - it is of no interest to either insects or rodents.

Cement particle board, application which is absolutely safe, thanks to “pure” chemical additives, it is not afraid of the formation of fungus, exposure to moisture, and is not afraid of thermal shrinkage. And thanks to its high adhesion, DSP is compatible with many finishing materials.

Specifications

DSP plate, specifications and application which is possible in many areas, is produced at several enterprises in Russia, which allows them to maintain a single size range:

1. The slabs can have a length of 2.7−3.2 m. Three-meter products are most in demand.
2. The width size is strictly set at 1.25 m, which serves as the main guideline when installing sheathing for cladding surfaces of DSP boards.
3. In terms of thickness, the most popular products are 10, 16 and 20 mm. In general, the thickness of cement bonded particle boards varies from 8 to 36 mm.

When choosing a material, it is worth considering that its thickness directly affects the weight of the product.

Pros and cons of the material

From positive qualities The DSP can be noted as follows:

Disadvantages of the material include heavy weight and significant dust formation when processing slabs. Cutting slabs should be carried out using tools personal protection- glasses and respirator.

Types of DSP

DSPs have several varieties:

Application of DSP

DSP board, application which extends to various areas is universal material, but most often it is used for interior decoration premises.

Areas of application:

CSP is a product for a wide range of construction purposes, which is based on two different components: cement, which is of mineral origin, and wood shavings, a natural organic raw material.

The slabs combine the advantages of concrete and fiberboard products, demonstrate greater strength and absolute environmental safety.

Manufacturing process

DSP panels are made in several stages, the most important of which is the stage of raw material preparation. The composition of the composite product includes the following components:

• cement, reaching 65%;
• wood shavings equal to 24%.

To effectively envelop two types of components, hydration and binding fillers are introduced in an amount of approximately 2%. The entire working mixture is wetted with water, the mass fraction of which should not exceed 9%.

Preparation of raw materials

At the raw material preparation stage, the chips are crushed and scattered into two fractions. Pieces with smaller dimensions during the manufacture of CBPB slabs will be located in the outer layers, with larger parameters - in the inner core of the slab.

To ensure the safety of wood raw materials for a long time, it is impregnated with solutions of aluminum salts and liquid glass. The treatment ensures the resistance of the chips to biological contamination and increases the strength of the fibers, which perform a reinforcing function in the composite.

Mixture preparation and pressing

At the next stage, the shavings, additive solution and cement must be combined and thoroughly mixed, achieving a completely homogeneous mass. This can only be done using special mixers. high power, adjustable rotation intensity. Wood pieces are not very well coated with cement mineral powder, so sometimes a small portion of fuel oil and industrial (technical) oil is added to the mixture.

Once absolute homogeneity is achieved, the mixture is placed layer by layer into pallets, which are stacked on top of each other and placed under a press. After exposure high pressure The compressed cement-bonded particle mass, fixed in the molds with latches, is moved into thermal chambers, where heating is carried out during one work shift.

Then the molds are removed from the chamber and returned to the press, where the locking clamps are removed. Formed DSP sheets for the final acquisition of all performance characteristics transferred to warehouses, where they are kept for 2 weeks, periodically drying with an air flow heated to 100 ° C.

At the final stage, the slabs are formatted according to size, packaged, and sent to the finished product storage area.

Sheet sizes

The national standard regulates the division of the material into 2 groups according to general physical and mechanical parameters and dimensions of CBPB boards. The length of the products is 3.2 and 3.6 m. In the first group, fluctuations in the parameter in one direction or another by 3 mm are allowed, in the second group - by 5 mm.

Standard width values ​​are 1.2 and 1.25 m, the trend in permissible fluctuations in the parameter is the same. Errors in geometric parameters There are always more products from group 2.

The thickness of the sheets varies:

• in one category it reaches 10 mm with a minimum of 8 mm;
• in another – 16 with a minimum of 12 mm;
• in the third – 28 with a minimum of 18 mm;
• in the fourth – 40 with a minimum range of 30 mm.

The thickness variations allowed by the standard vary from 0.6 to 1.4 mm in the first group of DSP boards and from 0.8 to 1.6 mm in the second group.

The regulations stipulate strict perpendicularity of the intersecting sides of the slabs, standardized diagonal sizes, limited deviation from the plane, equal to a maximum of 0.8 mm for the 1st group, and a maximum of 1 mm for the second.

The standard specifies the number of flaws the presence of which is acceptable. The possibility of chips on CBPB boards is completely excluded, and the number of possible stains of any origin and dents is strictly regulated. The requirements for products designated TsSP-1 are more stringent than for products TsSP-2. Delaminations, foreign inclusions, and mechanical defects are completely excluded for the entire line of materials.

physical characteristics

For assessment operational capabilities Physical parameters of DSP sheets are of decisive importance.

Weight

You can plan transportation and installation conditions by knowing the value weight of CBPB, which is determined by the size and density of the products. Minimum specific gravity cement particle boards is 1100 kg/m 3, the maximum is 300 units more.

As an example: one sheet with a density of 1300 kg/m3 and dimensions of 2700 x 1250 x 10 weighs almost 44 kg (43.88).

From this the obvious conclusion is that the material is very heavy. One cubic meter of panels will weigh almost one and a half tons. The buyer must make careful preparations for the delivery and subsequent use of panels of this weight.

Humidity

The normalized humidity of CBPB is 9%; the standard legalizes fluctuations in the value by a third in the direction of increase or decrease. The rather large magnitude of possible deviations is apparently due to the structural features of the composite.

During control tests, CBPB products can increase in thickness by 2% per day, which occurs due to the absorption of moisture in an amount that can be 16% of the original weight of the sheet. This factor must be taken into account when storing slabs and installing them on the front of the house, outside industrial buildings.

Strength

The presence of wood fibers in the composite made it possible to give the material good strength properties. Thus, the maximum strength under bending loads for the thickest sheet is 12 MPa, for the thinnest - 7 MPa. If tensile forces estimated at 0.35 MPa are applied to the slab, it will not undergo changes. Since the strength of CBPB boards is higher than that of plywood, they are actively used for the construction of formwork.

The standard normalizes the permissible surface roughness, which for sanded panels is 4 times less than for unsanded ones. For the manufacture of formwork, it is quite possible to purchase slabs that have not been sanded. The finishing of facades can be made beautiful either with the help of polished products or by installing roughened DSP boards that have undergone additional decorative processing.

Fire safety

From chemical composition and technological features of production, it logically follows that DSP panels are highly resistant to ignition and have a minimal tendency, almost zero, to spread flame. In the case of strong heating of the cement-bonded particle material, there is a negligible possibility of the formation of gases and smoke during combustion. At the same time, the toxicity of the released thermal oxidation products is very low.

Note! It is safe to say that DSP boards are a fireproof material.

Wood shavings by themselves burn remarkably well, but as part of a composite they are soaked through with mineral agents and surrounded by particles of Portland cement, which reduces fire danger to zero. The flammability of DSP panels, in accordance with the generally accepted classification, is designated as G1.

Frost resistance

One of important characteristics DSP boards – frost resistance. The ability of panels made from a mixture of cement and wood chips to withstand frost is impressive. Even if the finish undergoes defrosting and then freezing 50 times during the winter (although such frequent temperature changes occur extremely rarely), the strength of the coating will decrease by only 10%. DSP plates can be used outdoors without problems for half a century.

Types of DSP

The production of CBPB boards in Russia has been carried out in industry for about thirty years. During this time, domestic and foreign technologies have changed, which has led to the appearance on the market of new similar materials, for example, such as:

• fiberboard;
• wood concrete;
• xylolite.

The composition of fiberboard includes cement and wood fibers so fine that they are called wool. The material is soft to the touch, insulates sound well, is highly durable and resistant to cracking.

Arbolite is a mixed composite consisting of cement and wood chips, shavings, pieces of reed stems and rice straw. The material is not very durable, suitable for the construction of light partitions. Unlike a DSP board, which is quite suitable for flooring, wood concrete will not withstand such a load.

A special feature of xylolite is its increased resistance to water, achieved through the introduction of Sorel cement into the composite mass. Xylolite panels can be laid on the floor, laid on the roof, and placed in any place where large amounts of water can enter.

Features of application

Cement particle boards can be laid on floors, installed as partitions or main walls, sheathed house frames, and finished part of the walls above the foundation (basement). It is known to use a DSP board for flooring instead of cement screed. The material copes well with the load and also provides thermal insulation.

Slab installation

Galvanized screw-shaped nails are suitable for fastening structures; when choosing the length, you should take into account the thickness of the sheet and the total dimensions of the pie. You can also use self-tapping screws, for which holes are pre-prepared.

Due to the large mass of panels Special attention Care should be taken to observe the recommended distances between fasteners. To do this, it is advisable to use special tables, which are compiled taking into account the thickness of the sheet and the location of the fastening.

In addition to fixing along the perimeter, intermediate fastenings must be made on the tile, usually located in the middle part of the height. In the intervals, the DSP can be fixed half as often as along the edge lines.

The plates can be formatted using conventional high-quality tools designed for working with materials of great hardness.

External finishing of slabs

It is not worth sanding the surface layer, because this may lead to an increased tendency to absorb moisture. When docking wall structures There may be a need to level the height, which is somewhat more difficult to do than when working, for example, with brick. In such situations, it is permissible to use any grinding machine, the main thing is that the grain size fits up to No. 25, then damage to the structure will not occur.

For finishing work DSP surfaces are usually plastered and painted. This reduces their ability to absorb moisture. The material lasts longer and does not crumble.

Joints

When working with DSP, it is important to leave sufficient distance at the joints, which should be at least 4 mm indoors and 8 mm outdoors. If this requirement is ignored, cracking of the seam joints may occur. A fairly large space is covered with elastic plastic or sealant.

External joints are sometimes decorated with slats or profiles made of aluminum alloys, a special elastic cord can be laid inside at the joints.

During the construction of private housing construction, customers who want to provide the building with maximum fire safety, choose a project option with the production of SIP panels from DSP sheets. In this case, an inorganic insulation of mineral origin is laid between two layers made of a mixture of cement and shavings. The resulting design demonstrates strength, environmental friendliness, and fire safety.