How to make your home warm and dry. What and how to build a warm private house from. Cover the glass with packaging film

Surely, every owner understands that heat loss in the house is winter time lead to overpayments for public utilities. You have to pay double or even triple for gas, electricity or solid fuel, which is used to heat the building. And here you should think about how to make the house warm, so that later you will feel comfortable both from staying in such a building and from significant savings on the family budget.

Professionals have proven that the most significant heat losses occur in the following areas:

Gender (if wooden cottage with floor along joists);
Ceiling (if installed ceiling beams and along them the attic floor boards;
Old windows and doors, from which it follows that a house with old frames is blown by all the winds;
And, of course, the walls of the house themselves, if they were not properly insulated during construction.

Important: insulation of constructed houses around the perimeter can only be done from the outside. This technology ensures normal air exchange in the event of evaporation between the building wall and the insulation. If the house is insulated from the inside, then this can subsequently lead to the formation of excess condensation and further rotting of the walls under the influence of fungus.

When insulating a cottage, you should not save money. After all, quality work will pay off within two to three years of using the house. And after that, a noticeable increase in family budget. Read about how to build a warm house in our material below.

Replacement of windows and doors

For any house, be it a stone structure or a wooden one, the presence of old door and window frames threatens heat loss. And no matter how much you seal the cracks, no matter how much you stuff cotton wool and foam rubber into them, in any case, with the slightest wind, the microclimate in the house will be disturbed under the influence of scorching temperatures. Therefore, the most important thing when insulating a house is replacing windows and doors. It is better if these are double-glazed windows for 3-5 cameras, and installed by professionals. The craftsmen perform the work without distortions and technological violations, which, in turn, plays a role in important role in insulating the cottage.

Important: when installing new windows, you can additionally insulate the slopes. It’s up to you to decide what to make the insulation from. But most often it is mineral wool. This solution is a plus for high-quality insulation of the entire cottage.

If doors are being replaced, it is advisable to align the geometry doorway. The doors themselves can be double. So through door leaf less heat will be lost. And the sound insulation will be higher.

We insulate a wooden house

The walls of a wooden cottage are most susceptible to movement air masses through their cracks. Therefore, it is worth taking care of high-quality insulation of all joints between logs or beams. To do this, use a special sealant, which is applied to the joints according to technology.

Important: this method of insulation is used only for a newly built house, if there is no desire to spoil its attractive appearance. If the hut is old log or timber, but at the same time it stands strong and reliably, and you are not going to build a new type of house, then you can not only insulate the house, but also make it more attractive. To do this, use the following technology below.

Tip: for insulation wooden walls Use only mineral wool as it tends to breathe. This means that the walls wooden house will not rot under the influence of the resulting perspiration on them.

So, insulating the walls of a wooden house mineral wool do it like this:

First, all walls are treated with an antiseptic 1-2 times with drying breaks between each layer. In this case, you should especially carefully treat the corners and crown of the house. It is better to do the work in dry, warm weather.
After the antiseptic has completely dried, the walls are covered with a layer of waterproofing with a vapor-permeable layer. In this case, the vapor-permeable (perforated) side must be turned towards the wood, and the glossy (waterproofing) side must be laid with mineral wool slabs. Waterproofing is laid overlapping the walls, secured with construction tape at the joints and staples around the perimeter.
Now a vertical sheathing of beams with a cross-section equal to the thickness of the mineral wool slabs is placed on the walls. The spacing of the beams can be made 2-3 cm narrower than the width of the insulation sheet. In this way it will be possible to lay slabs of wool without additional fastening(by surprise).
The top of the mineral wool is covered with another layer of waterproofing with a vapor-permeable layer. Here, the vapor-permeable surface should face the insulation, and the glossy surface should face outward. The waterproofing is also secured with an overlap, gluing the joints with tape.
On top installed waterproofing a ventilated frame made of small cross-section bars is attached. The distance between the insulation and subsequent finishing should therefore be at least 5 cm.
And lastly, everything is covered with decorative wood or other trim, which completely transforms the old house.

We insulate the floor in a wooden house

To ensure that the insulation of the walls of a wooden house does not go to waste, you can additionally insulate the floor. To do this, you will have to dismantle the boards down to the joists. The rest of the work will look like this:

A layer of waterproofing material vapor barrier up and glossy side down.
Expanded clay is poured onto the waterproofing different factions. This material is very good insulation, keeping the house dry.
Expanded clay or other insulating material is covered on top waterproofing layer and reattach the floor boards.

We insulate the attic in a wooden house

The attic in a wooden cottage is insulated using floor technology. That is, first a layer of waterproofing is laid over the attic floor boards vapor barrier layer to the boards. After this, wooden logs are laid on the attic floor in increments of 50-70 cm.
Insulating material is installed between the joists. This can be mineral wool, extruded polystyrene, expanded clay, etc.
The insulation is covered with waterproofing on top and the floor is leveled with plywood boards or floorboards.

Important: insulating the attic allows you to save heat in the house by 20-40%, since it is the heat that goes up.

We insulate a stone house

How to build warm house at the stage of its installation, many professionals and private craftsmen know. But we’ll look at how to make a house warmer during its actual use below.

Note that stone house can be insulated in three ways:

Outside . Considered the most the best option, since it is convenient to carry out the work, and the walls are reliably protected from the formation of mold and mildew.
Inside . This method wastes not only energy and time, but also usable area premises. Therefore, insulation from the inside is not as common as external insulation.
In-wall insulation. This technology is only permissible at the stage of building a house, when expanded clay is poured between two walls, thereby forming the walls of the house like a pie.

We will look at the external insulation of a stone house.

The following materials can be used as insulation:

Mineral wool in slabs;
Extruded polystyrene;
Polystyrene foam is common in slabs;
Cork boards;
Expanded clay;
Warm plaster.

Important: but in any case, when insulating a house from the outside, all layers of the cake should be placed in such a way that the vapor permeability of each subsequent layer of material increases in the direction from the walls of the house to the edge of the finish.

Wall insulation work brick house conducted using the following technology:

The walls of the building are completely cleaned of dust, dirt and debris. If cracks are found in the masonry, they should be covered with cement mixture.
After that stone walls together with the base, they are primed in one or two passes with intervals for drying.
Now you can attach it to the walls thermal insulation material. As a rule, this is mineral wool or polystyrene. The slabs are attached to the walls either with glue, placing it pointwise on a sheet of insulation, or with dowels. The plates are placed close to each other in checkerboard pattern(that is, tied like brickwork).
Next, a reinforcing mesh is attached over the installed insulation, onto which decorative plaster is subsequently applied.

Important: insulation boards should be placed strictly from bottom to top on the wall. This will ensure the stability of the entire insulating layer.

At the very end the stone house is plastered decorative plaster or faced with stone tiles. As you can see, it is possible and necessary to build a warm house without delay.

Floor insulation in a stone house

If you wish, you can also insulate the floors in a built stone house. Although it is best to do this at the stage of constructing the cottage.

For high-quality floor insulation in a finished building, you will either have to raise the floor concrete screed on joists, which will take up a little space in the room, or dismantle the old screed and install a new one with insulation.

If the first option is chosen, you must first clean the floor from dust and dirt and prime it.
After this, a layer of waterproofing material is laid on the floor, extending 10 cm onto the walls on each side.
Wooden logs are laid on top in increments equal to the width thermal insulation boards. If expanded clay is used as insulation, then the logs are laid in increments of about 70 cm.
Insulation is placed between the laid joists and covered with a vapor barrier material towards the insulation with a vapor barrier edge.
All that remains is to lay down the plywood boards and lay the finishing flooring.

If you decide to dismantle the old screed, then it must be removed down to the ground. After this, a sand and gravel cushion is poured, which is well compacted. Waterproofing is laid over sand and crushed stone and everything is covered with expanded clay.

To form a new screed, you can use a dry mixture. It is distributed efficiently over the floor and forms a reliable foundation. All that remains is to cover the floor with plywood panels, placing them in a checkerboard pattern and leaving gaps between the joints for the natural expansion of the wood due to temperature changes.

Important: do not neglect the insulation of the attic of a stone house. Here the work is carried out by analogy with floor insulation along joists. The work done and the volume done will allow you to experience all the delights warm home already with the onset of the first cold weather. And the most harsh winter will break his teeth on your new fortress.

As you can see, building a house with good insulation both profitable and comfortable for all household members.

If the house is well insulated, then it is comfortable. The cold outside has little effect on the microclimate of the living space. The temperature in cold weather is maintained at the request of the users, for example, +25 degrees, without significant stress on the part of the users and the heating system they control.

The less resistance the structures provide to the movement of thermal energy, the more of it goes outside, the more power is required from the heating system itself, the more heat-generating material is destroyed.

As the temperature difference increases, the amount of energy lost increases significantly. It’s not the same thing at all to maintain +18 degrees C and +25 degrees C in the bedroom or kitchen.

Why pay more? Both for heating power and for burned fuel?
It is enough to insulate it once, and the savings will be significant. Taking into account current prices for cheap heat insulators and energy, insulation should pay for itself in several years.

Insulating a home is a key issue in creating comfort

If the house is cold, then keep it at +20 degrees in winter. – the task is more complex, and it is feasible, if the heating power allows at all, which should be 2 - 3 times greater than usual, for a building with minimal heat loss.

There are also such buildings with an area of about 100 square meters. as well as +18 degrees. It’s hard to catch up with 20-kilowatt heating—the residents are freezing. In such a house you need to wait out the winter, you need to survive the summer.

Life makes you think about insulating your home. Two questions are resolved:

saving several hundred USD during the heating season (heat loss in the house can be reduced by 2-3 times).
creation comfortable conditions accommodation for a family.

How to make thermal insulation measures more profitable

You can insulate your house to the maximum - take comprehensive thermal insulation measures, with a thermal break layer thickness no less than recommended economic feasibility in the standards for this climate zone, and then receive 100% of possible savings on heating.
But you can, of course, spend 80% of the required amount, saving on the thickness of the insulation by making it 2 times thinner than required, but then the savings on heating will decrease by 2 times, as the insulation was not supplied.
But you can spend 30 - 40% by using cheap insulation materials thin layer, some natural materials, and then redo the insulation of the house after 1 - 5 years...

Now regulations require insulating a house in such a way that its structures achieve a certain resistance to heat transfer. An economically viable set of measures within a maximum of 12 years is feasible.

A certain thickness of insulation must be adopted, and other measures must be taken - for ventilation, for placing windows with the right side, the use of energy-reflecting materials...

Proper home insulation will pay off. Where insulation was not provided, it will not pay off, because the cost of the work is approximately the same, but powerful heating is still needed.

You can save on insulating a house only by doing it yourself, and not on the quality and quantity of insulating materials.

Simple steps for thermal insulation of structures

You can only know how to insulate a house by inspecting it...
Windows and doors are replaced first of all, as structural elements, which then need to be finished. And also as creating additional air exchange (drafts), and as the “coldest” enclosing structures.

If the windows and doors are replaced with new insulated ones, double or triple, without drafts, with seams sealed around their perimeter, etc. then that's half the battle.

But if you don’t have the means, you can also insulate old windows and doors. Read how this is done.

In the attic

We pull all the junk out of the attic and clean the base. We install a solid, high-quality vapor barrier, which will prevent the insulation from being replenished with vaporous moisture.

We fill in 30 cm of hay treated with carbide and lime. We cover the top with burlap, put boards, plywood, boards so that you can walk, to service the attic.
This is a simple option for small homes.

More durable, more thorough - put a 20 cm layer of mineral wool between the logs with a counter-lattice, with ventilation gap over the insulation and ensuring its ventilation.

Under the floor

We tear down the wooden floor. From below wooden logs under the floor we fasten the boards and panels staggered so that there are gaps for ventilation.

We pour insulation onto this flooring - the same lime-straw with a thickness of at least 20 cm. But it is better, of course, to put durable mineral wool again. Rodents will not live in it, and it will be ventilated by underground ventilation.

Important condition– so that there is no dampness under the floor, otherwise the insulation will acquire more moisture and lose its properties. Therefore, it may be necessary to first lay a layer of roofing material on the ground.

We put continuous waterproofing on top of the mineral wool and the logs - we separate the houses from the harmful effects of this insulation.. We hammer the floor into place.

We take care of the foundation

We are thinking about the question of whether the walls are damp due to the flow of water from the foundation. If they are damp, then we do drilling, impregnation, and waterproofing with penetrating compounds above the base. This is a serious issue for older buildings.

We tear off the foundation to a depth of at least 50 cm. We cover it with a layer of waterproofing - coating bitumen, on which we glue 5 cm extruded polystyrene foam.

We install expanded polystyrene at a height of at least 50 cm from the ground to ensure protection of the walls and base from splashes and snow. We backfill with sand. We build a blind area with a width no less than the freezing depth in the given area, and lay a horizontal thermal break at the bottom of the trench - the same extruded polystyrene foam 5 cm thick. We get both insulation of the foundation and protection from frost heaving.

This action, associated with a very large amount of work and costs, will not pay off in terms of energy savings. But its main purpose is different - to increase the stability of the foundation, protect it from harmful factors, increase the service life, and therefore the entire house. And in this sense, the indicated measures for thermal insulation on heaving soils are appropriate.

On the walls

We cover the cold walls of a house made of heavy materials - brick, concrete, cinder block with polystyrene foam using the " wet facade", we plaster the top according to our taste, but with materials suitable for use as insulation - resistant to heat and vapor transparent.

Significant insulation measures on the walls in terms of the volume of work not only significantly reduce heat loss (at the walls largest area), but are also decorative - they form the appearance of the facade and the entire house.

Warmth in a home is one of the main components of the comfort and well-being of its inhabitants. Modern conditions life, rise in price building materials and energy resources are dictated to the owners country houses and cottages the need to save heat and eliminate its leakage. IN last years this topic has become very relevant, so foreign and domestic manufacturers have developed many complex systems insulation of houses. Today, there are technologies for insulating brick, frame, wooden and concrete buildings, and ready-made design solutions are also used when building a house with increased heat-saving properties, for example, a “thermohouse” frame-panel houses with high thermal insulation, etc.

Traditionally, the largest losses, more than 50%, occur through the walls of the building. Therefore, any owner, thinking about the question of how to make a house warm, first of all starts with the facade walls. Insulation is carried out along the facade of the building and sometimes, if this is not possible, then from the inside of the room.

Polyurethane foam and mineral wool are mainly used for external insulation. They are universal materials, which have many advantages. Mineral wool is environmentally friendly and absolutely safe material, which has good strength and excellent thermal insulation characteristics, and most importantly relates to non-flammable products. As a rule, mineral wool is applied to the facade when arranging the frame. However, there are rigid slabs that are directly attached to external walls using special anchor dowels.

Polyurethane foam is modern material, characterized by strength and low weight, high manufacturability and a wide range of applications. Polyurethane foam has low thermal conductivity. The material is applied to the facade using glue and additional fixation with anchor dowels. An important condition is that due to the fact that polyurethane foam is a flammable material, the outside must be plastered over a mesh or covered with other façade systems.

Stages of work

The main heat loss in wooden houses occurs through walls, windows, floors, roofing and basements due to thermal radiation. The reason for this is temperature changes indoors and especially in winter. It should be noted that more than 50% of heat loss usually occurs through buildings, and 20% each through the ceiling and windows. Therefore, as a rule, priority is given to wall insulation.

If in wooden house Heat loss is associated with problems in log joints. For insulation, a special sealant is used, which is applied using a specially developed technology. The use of sealant for a wooden house increases its thermal characteristics, allowing you to save significantly on heating.

When insulating a wooden house, it is not recommended to place a layer of insulation inside the house, since such an insulation system can lead to undesirable consequences - moisture will begin to accumulate on the surface of the walls at the point of contact with the insulation, destroying them gradually and worsening the microclimate in the house. Therefore, the method of insulation from the outside of the facade is preferable.

When complex measures are taken to reduce heat loss from walls, it is necessary to remember that a wooden house is a special building, with an internal microclimate characteristic only of this structure. That is why it is advisable to use an environmentally friendly material as an insulation material, which will not affect the natural air exchange in the house. Such materials include ISOVER, ROCKWOOL, ISOROK, URSA (based on high-quality mineral wool), penoplex, technoplex - extrusion polymers, as well as other certified thermal insulation materials.

Insulation of a wooden house from the facade is best done in summer period, and always with dry walls, stable humidity and air temperature. The facade of the house is pre-treated with antiseptics and fire retardants. Then they make additional caulk on the walls and carry out insulation work. It is very important that the material chosen for insulation is heat-resistant and has high anti-corrosion properties. To avoid the formation of condensation due to changes in temperature and humidity, a ventilation ducts(special products).

If the option of insulating a wooden house involves the formation of gaps between the insulation and the surface of the facade, then you can get rid of the formed cavities using bulk insulation or modern technology spraying polyurethane foam thermal insulation.

Carrying out high-quality thermal insulation of the house will allow you to forget for a long time about problems with heat losses, damp walls and other problems.

What to do, if central system Is your apartment heating unable to cope with the winter cold? Save heat or buy additional heaters

Photo: Depositphotos/alexraths

In winter, apartment heating does not always cope with the cold, and the room thermometer drops to 14-15 °C. This may be due to the distance of the house from the boiler room, weak heating of the coolant, improper routing of heating pipes, or large heat losses through walls, floors and windows. Letters to authorities and administrative methods of settlement are unlikely to lead to positive result in the same heating season. The maximum that they can offer you is to recalculate the amount of payments downwards.

No one but ourselves cares about how to make an apartment warm. The editors of RBC Real Estate carefully studied the issue and found several solutions that can warm the apartment in winter.

Mobile heat

The simplest and quick way- buy a mobile heater: infrared, fan heater, oil radiator or convector. The first two types locally heat the air near the bed or near the balcony, but they do not help much central heating. The latter evenly heat the room like conventional radiators. The convector does this faster, and oil cooler it will take time to reach the specified power. Obviously, all these electrical appliances are not saving money. With a relatively low initial price of equipment (from 1000 rubles and above), 1-2 kW will leak every hour. Yes, and the power of the intra-apartment electrical network for simultaneous operation electric kettle, heater and washing machine may not be enough.

The most practical are fan heaters with ceramic heating elements and a low-noise tangential fan. Vertical floor models rotate automatically, distributing warm air throughout the room, and are equipped with a control panel. Model Timberk TFH T20 FSN.PQ

The Noirot electric convector creates a powerful flow of warm air due to the height of the hollow body. It can be placed on the wall or on wheels, which can be purchased separately.

Dyson, known for its innovative vacuum cleaners and fans, has released the AM05 model with an air heating function. Its main advantage is the creation of a strong flow and the absence of open heaters, although, in our opinion, dust should still be drawn into the body of the device. The price is 4-5 times higher than traditional models

The most beautiful heater from an interior point of view will be an electric fireplace. In addition to a pleasant glow, it emits 2-4 kW of heat

Small biofuel fireplaces produce a lot of heat and burn air without releasing soot. The output is only water vapor and C02

Heat from the air

Some split systems (air conditioners with internal and external units) are capable of cooling the air in summer and heating it in the off-season and in winter due to the principle heat pump. During the hot season, excess heat is discharged outside; during the cold season, any amount of heat is taken from the atmosphere, that is, external and indoor unit change roles. Thus, reversible air conditioners can supply warm air even at sub-zero temperatures outside. Due to the fact that the device does not have heating elements, it consumes three to four times less energy. Split systems produce 3-4 kW of heat per kilowatt consumed.

Passive heat

According to experts, 25% of heat escapes through windows, so it’s worth paying attention to their condition. Old wooden structures contribute little to heat conservation, and the fittings plastic frames Over time, it becomes loose, causing the seal to be compromised. In any case, it is worth installing modern heat-saving windows with increased heat transfer resistance, at least 0.55 1 sq. m * S / W.

Glazing a balcony, even without insulation, will improve thermal insulation by 15-20%. Particular attention should be paid to the finishing window slopes. Sometimes it is not enough to simply level and paint them, but serious insulation with expanded polystyrene or mineral wool is required, followed by plastering or finishing with plasterboard. Ready-made panels are also available for sale.

Corner external walls on the north side of the house they do not add heat, especially in old ones panel houses. It’s good if you plan to insulate all the exterior walls of the façade, but it won’t happen everywhere major renovation. If you insulate the walls from the inside, the volume of the room will decrease, but it will become much warmer.

Warm floor

In the process of renovating an apartment, you should not neglect the installation of electric heated floors. Let us remind you that it is prohibited to use water systems in apartments. Special heating cable laid in the screed or directly in the adhesive when replacing tiles. Film floors are generally installed under parquet board, laminate or linoleum using dry technology. Such additional heating is the most pleasant for a person. Heat rises gently from the floor across the entire surface. Due to the low temperature (24-25 ° C) there is no excessive overheating and drying out of the air.