Waterproofing a wooden balcony above a living space. Everything you need to know about waterproofing a balcony with your own hands. Waterproofing options for an open balcony

Application natural materials When building a home, it is always relevant, thanks to its environmental friendliness and decorative finish. Balcony waterproofing wooden house, made in correct sequence and if the work technology is followed, it will ensure long-term operation of the structure.

Wood materials are able to hide surface defects and have good soundproofing properties, creating optimal microclimate dwellings. Exterior decoration loggias made of solid wood need high-quality protection from exposure atmospheric phenomena and temperature changes. Waterproofing wooden balcony is a set of measures to prevent moisture from entering the structure.

The need for work is due to:

normal functioning of the building;
increasing the service life of the coating.

Heavy wetting of surfaces can lead to the development of mold and reduce the decorative value of the tree. Subsequently, the material may lose its strength and attractive appearance, and irreversible deformation of the coatings will occur. Properly performed waterproofing of a balcony in a wooden house will prevent swelling and the appearance of cracks, leading to the destruction of the structure.

The technology of work depends on the type and functional purpose loggias. It is important to take into account the features of open and closed structures, base material and finishing coating.

The choice of waterproofing layer option should also include the intensity of use and the intended purpose of the balcony (recreation or work area, storage room).

Materials for work

Waterproofing a balcony in a wooden house is done using special materials, different in purpose and application methods. Floor products are represented by liquid, roll, membrane and film (polymer) finishing options. There are several main types of insulation for walls: painted, cast, pasted.

Wooden parts must be treated with fire retardants, special compounds with antiseptic and water-repellent properties. Fungus and mold have a destructive effect, so it is important to prevent their occurrence.

The wood will retain its attractive appearance and strength when applied with impregnation, paint, or varnish. Transparent compounds the natural texture and surface pattern are emphasized. It is recommended to apply the varnish on surfaces previously coated with drying oil. The final layer of finishing can be additionally sealed with penetrating compounds.

hammer drill and mounting hardware;
cement, sand, timber;
means for waterproofing and treating floors;
expanded polystyrene and OSB boards;
foil vapor insulator;
sealant, polyurethane foam;
reinforced mesh.

Timely waterproofing of the balcony floor in a wooden house during construction will eliminate the need to remove the covering in the future. The work plan includes the creation of a concrete screed, installation of roll insulating material coated with a bitumen or penetrating mixture. Only after completing all stages can the board be laid.

Waterproofing options for an open balcony

Expert recommendations will help you figure out how to waterproof a balcony in a wooden house correctly. There should be a slight slope on the surface of the open loggia, which will help prevent the accumulation of water. Excess moisture is absorbed into the wooden floor surfaces on the balcony and leads to deformation of the material. The permissible difference in the height of the platform level is no more than 4 cm, which will preserve the hydraulic properties of the insulation.

The waterproofing layer can be made using various technologies:

Laying special metal sheet. Insulation is installed during the construction of the home. It is imperative to provide a gap between the coverings for ventilation.
Liquid rubber will ensure the tightness of the wooden floor. The finishing surface is removed, all cracks are sealed with mastic, and a layer of mixture is laid. Upon completion of the work, the final installation of the external covering is carried out. It is important to consider the permissible weight for a particular type of structure.
Application of insulating boards. Sealing is achieved by placing the material under finishing coat floor.
Roll waterproofing, or applying bitumen mastic. The advantage of the options is the availability and low cost of materials.

High-quality waterproofing of a wooden floor on a balcony must maintain a certain sequence of work. Initially, the surface should be prepared. At this stage, if necessary, it is removed old layer isolation. After laying the waterproofing layer, the selected finishing material is installed. Finally, you will need to treat the wood with an antiseptic.

Having determined the option of how to waterproof a wooden balcony, it is important to maintain the correct algorithm:

laying a rough layer of rolled insulation;
insulation layer flooring;
use of coating compounds;
finishing floor covering.

If the final covering of the floor of the open loggia is tiles, before installing the insulation you will need to apply a primer and level the base. The result should be a durable, seamless coating.

Closed balcony waterproofing technology

Waterproofing the floor of a balcony in a wooden house with closed type The design is practically no different from the options for open loggias. Additionally, attention should be paid to the ceiling and walls. Treating the ceiling surface with mastic with a polyurethane composition will ensure necessary protection from moisture. On the outer plane it is recommended to create roofing, or perform work similar to floor waterproofing technology.

The general scheme of waterproofing floors consists of a coating with a liquid insulating composition, a layer of insulation, a water barrier, a layer of rolled materials and sheathing. Finally, the external roofing material. This option is suitable when using sheet-type coatings. In case of roof design soft tiles, you will need to perform a continuous lathing in combination with rolled waterproofing materials.

The following list will help you figure out how to waterproof a balcony in each individual case: available ways carrying out work on walls:

Pasting method. Materials with a self-adhesive base or requiring exposure are used high temperatures. Roofing felt or its analogues can also be used. The application process is quite labor-intensive and requires special knowledge and skills during installation.
Painting method. Provides surface coverage protective varnish with rubber components. The disadvantage of this method is the need for frequent and regular renewal of insulation. The total cost of varnish products makes this option quite expensive.
Powder method. Used as a waterproofing material cement mixtures in combination with hydrophobic additives (tile adhesive, liquid rubber, special plaster). The resulting coating is not resistant to mechanical damage.
Water repellents. The method is based on the use of ready-made compounds that have the necessary insulating and water-repellent properties. Achieved high degree waterproofing of surfaces. It is recommended to use water repellents for interior works, in external conditions the layer is subject to severe destruction under the influence of ultraviolet rays.

Proper implementation of the technology for laying waterproofing for wooden balconies will provide reliable protection of the structure from moisture. It is possible to carry out the work yourself, using proven advice from experts. Qualitative waterproofing layer will prevent deformation and increase the durability of the wood material.

If previously the balcony was most often used as a storage room, now everyone is trying to remodel it and turn it into a cozy addition to their apartment. However, glazing the balcony and installing a roof on it is not enough. It is also necessary to waterproof it.

Purpose

Waterproofing a loggia or balcony open type in a private house or apartment needed for protection building materials from water, as well as for insulating the balcony. Water leaks through cracks or seams in structures and causes destruction. balcony slab.

Therefore, these works are quite important in arranging a balcony. After all, waterproofing involves not only sealing seams, but also other aspects.

Protecting the frame itself, as well as some wood products, with water-repellent agents. They are coated with special drying oils and enamels, as well as varnish.
Arrangement of external ebb, which does not allow water to flow under the frame.
Treating all wooden surfaces with antiseptics. This is necessary to protect against mold.

If waterproofing is done professionally or even independently, but following the advice of experts, then it will protect not only ceiling covering, but the floor and walls. In addition, if you insulate the balcony, you can thereby increase the strength of the structure and make your stay more comfortable.

Fortunately, in almost all cases the base of a balcony or loggia is made of a concrete slab. If the floor is located in the middle of the building, then instead of the ceiling, the owners add another slab, which serves as the ceiling.

Device Features

High-quality waterproofing will help to cope with many troubles that await a person in the future. This includes the appearance of mold and corrosion of metal elements and other finishing materials. And also will not allow it to deteriorate. floor covering balcony

In order for waterproofing to be done correctly, it is necessary to take into account all the design features of the balcony.

You need to pay attention first of all to the following points:

treatment of the entire balcony area;
balcony slab covering;
availability of additional protection.

For different types balconies can be used different types finishing. For open balconies in frame house or a brick building, it will be enough to waterproof one slab and floor. But if the balcony is in a wooden house, then you will need to waterproof it both inside and outside. This is true for both the top floor and the one in the middle.

If the loggia is insulated, then it is additionally necessary to make a vapor barrier using penofol. The door also needs to be waterproofed. By insulating a balcony, you can insulate the floor, walls, ceiling, and the inner surface of the canopy.

Floor

Insulation and waterproofing of the floor can be done in different ways.

To begin with, you should pay attention to the first method.

In this case, the coating mastic is applied to the balcony slab. It is required to protect the styling. During the work process, the floor is first leveled using a concrete screed. If the balcony is open, then you must make a slope to drain the water.

Then stacked wooden joists, as well as insulation. As an alternative, foam can be used. The resulting seams must be sealed. Fixed on top OSB boards s, which will serve as the basis for applying sealing. OSB boards need to be treated with a primer, or bitumen. This is done to ensure better adhesion.

Then you need to dilute polyurethane mastic, which contains 2 components, and coat all corners with it.
A tape consisting of geotextile is pressed into it. It reinforces the joints at the corners. Next, the first layer of insulation is applied to the entire plane of the OSB slabs, after which it must be reinforced with geotextiles. The second layer is built up gradually, its thickness reaches two centimeters.
When the base is completely dry, a layer of polymer binder is applied. It is sprinkled with synthetic chips on top. After which they are sealed with varnish.

There is a second method of waterproofing. In this case, everything is done using roll materials. It can be either fiberglass or roofing felt. Here waterproofing can be done using penetrating mastic. When it crystallizes, it fills all the cracks and forms a very durable coating.

Walls

To waterproof the walls and partitions of a balcony or loggia, you can use foil-coated polystyrene foam. It needs to be glued tightly to the wall. But regular foam plastic is also suitable, which needs to be covered with a vapor barrier film.

The joints that have formed between the sheets must be sealed. Next, two layers of mastic are applied to ensure reliable protection. Before starting waterproofing work, be sure to cut out U-shaped grooves with a grinder.

They must be made in the seams between the panels, and also additionally sealed. This is done to prevent moisture from entering the room through microcracks. At the end, a decorative coating is attached.

Ceiling

When the balcony is glazed, during precipitation there may be traces of water that will collect below. This happens if neither waterproofing nor sealing of the balcony has been done. To eliminate this problem, you just need to carry out waterproofing work. The first step is to seal the seams using polyurethane sealant.

But before removing the seams, you need to cut them with a grinder. Then the seams are cleaned of dust and then moistened with water.

If there are any stains on the surface of the ceiling, this means that there are cracks in those places through which water gets onto the balcony. You need to do the same with them.

The waterproofing of the ceiling itself begins with cleaning the surface. Then the ceiling is treated with an antiseptic to prevent mold. Then the seams are sealed, which is described above.

To insulate the ceiling, it is necessary to use polyurethane mastic, which has very good adhesion. The advantages of this material include the fact that it is easily applied to the ceiling. The mastic must be distributed in two layers so that the second layer is perpendicular to the first. And also after the first layer it is necessary to make mesh reinforcement. It takes three days for the mastic to harden well. At this time you need to pause renovation work on the balcony.

And also when insulating the roof, you can glue a sheet of foil polystyrene foam to the ceiling. He will also be responsible for the vapor barrier. The seams between them must also be sealed.

Materials

Waterproofing work requires a thoughtful approach. Therefore, when choosing materials, it is necessary to very carefully analyze all the information about them. After all, many professionals say that waterproofing cannot be good or bad. It either exists or it doesn’t. The materials used for waterproofing work can be divided into several types. These are pasting or, in other words, rolled, coating, and painting materials.

Painting

Painted waterproofing can be of two types:

cold, which contains epoxy rubber resins;
hot, it contains bitumen-polymer varnishes.

It is often used to treat balcony terraces. It has properties to protect reinforced concrete floor from corrosion.

However, it is worth remembering that its service life is not too long. Therefore, after five or six years, the paint coating will need to be restored. And you also need to take into account the fact that severe frost it becomes very fragile.

To apply waterproofing, it is necessary to pre-treat the surface. To do this, it will be enough to clean it and degrease it. Next you need to apply a mastic primer in two layers. Finally, you need to paint the floors with a layer of bitumen of two millimeters.

Pasting

Roll waterproofing can be of two types.

Welded, when laying which a burner is used.
Self-adhesive insulation, which is more modern version. You can glue it yourself, and only remove protective film. None additional tools and no materials are needed. This option is reliable and durable. In order for everything to go right, you need to prepare the surface well and glue it very carefully.

The most common rolled material is roofing felt. It is laid using a torch.

It is worth noting penofol and foam foil, which are polyethylene, moreover, porous and covered with lavsan film. If you waterproof a balcony using foam foil, it will last a long time, since moisture does not accumulate in it and it can reflect ultraviolet rays. It is also a heat insulator.

For example, if a balcony is made with four millimeters of foam foil, then this will be equal in efficiency and protection from moisture to masonry of one and a half bricks. This means that the balcony will not need any additional insulation.

Coating

Today, coating materials are becoming very popular. It's pretty large group different means for insulation containing sealants, cement, bitumen or polymer mastics. Coating materials are very unpretentious to work with. Simply mix them and apply them to the surface with a spatula. Sand can be added to some formulations.

Very famous and popular today bitumen mastics. They consist of oxidized bitumen to which some solvents have been added. This is both crumb and latex, they increase the elasticity of waterproofing.

This insulation option is resistant to factors external influence. However, in order for the coating to be of high quality, it is necessary to follow it with a screed.

In addition to bitumen, there are also cement-polymer mastics. They are made by adding mineral fillers to them. The cement included in the composition ensures good adhesion to the base. Polymer fillers penetrate into the pores of the base and seal them. The result is a layer up to three millimeters thick.

Stages of work

In carrying out waterproofing works It is very important not only to select the right materials, but also to carry out the work in the correct sequence and in accordance with all the rules.

The step-by-step instructions are very simple.

First of all, in order for the waterproofing to be of high quality, it is necessary to clean all surfaces of the balcony from paint, dirt, dust and other substances that can impair adhesion. All this work can be done using regular brush or even a vacuum cleaner.
After the preparatory work, all surfaces are treated with a primer, in other words, a primer. It is applied to the surface with a brush, and then very carefully rubbed into absolutely all the cracks. Then, with a smaller brush, you need to process all the connecting seams. It is very important not to make a mistake in choosing a primer.

When preparing the foundation, you should follow the recommendations of specialists.

The unevenness of the base should not be more than two millimeters.
The surface must be smooth without sharp protrusions.
The laying of leveling ties must be done in strips that will follow the guide beacons. Their width should be two or three meters.

Before application cement materials On porous surfaces, be sure to moisten them with water using a sponge. This will prevent it from drying out quickly.
The joints of vertical and horizontal surfaces must be sealed using sealing tape. When the structure diverges, it stretches, and when it returns to its original place, it contracts.

The humidity of the prepared base must be at least four percent. If you do not adhere to this rule, then the excess moisture that remains inside can reduce the waterproofing after some time. Doing cement-sand screeds, you need to wait up to 28 days. This is done to prevent cracks.

The next step is the preparation of waterproofing mixtures. Some of them are already available finished form, and some you need to prepare yourself. Solutions cannot retain their properties for a long time, so they must be made in small portions.

prepare the adhesive waterproofing and cut the pieces to the required size;
heat it with a burner;
cover roll waterproofing joints between the wall and the balcony.

To carry out work with coating materials, it is necessary to follow a certain sequence.

The air and surface temperature should be at least fifteen degrees above zero. Air humidity should not exceed sixty percent. This temperature should be two days before the start of work and another twelve days after its completion.
Waterproofing must be applied evenly to the surface of the balcony. This can be done with a spatula or roller.
The drying time of the material may vary. This depends on the thickness of the layer, room humidity, and temperature conditions.
To continue work, it is necessary to check whether the moisture content of the mixture corresponds to the permissible values that correspond to these materials.

To provide additional waterproofing, you need to install it on the balcony skylights, which are well hydro- and thermally insulated.

If the balcony is open, then it will be enough to waterproof only the floor. If this indoor balcony or loggia, then the insulation must be complete.

For balconies that are located above a bay window or other architectural elements, it is necessary to make waterproofing that has increased protection from natural influences. To do this, the balcony needs to be very carefully treated both outside and inside. At the end of the work, you need to make sure that there are no cracks or crevices left, which could soon lead to water seepage. After all, this will cause harm not only to the balcony, but also to the bay window located underneath it.

It is often important to waterproof a balcony even though it is not glazed. Otherwise, excess moisture may be absorbed into the floor, which can cause the slab to become partially damaged over time (there is also a high risk of mold). Waterproofing is especially difficult open balcony, because its structures are constantly exposed to moisture. You can handle internal waterproofing yourself, but for external waterproofing it is recommended to invite professionals.

Available options

The list of waterproofing works depends on the chosen waterproofing option and the characteristics of the balcony. In total, there are two options for carrying out work and using materials:

Painting.

The easiest way to waterproof a balcony yourself. Most often used to create a moisture-repellent layer from the inside of the loggia. In this case, bitumen mastics are used for waterproofing, which must be diluted before use. Apply to the surface inside the covered balcony using a paint brush.

However, their level of protection is not enough for exterior finishing. Mastics are divided into two types - powder and coating. The former are sold in powder form from quartz sand, cement, etc., are diluted with water or special solutions. The second type is applied like regular paint; you need to warm it up a little before use.

Rolled.

The application process is highly complex and requires special knowledge, so roll laying DIY waterproofing layer is not recommended. Most effective for exterior decoration. Bitumen rolls of a certain size are laid on the surface and burned to it using special device. Thanks to the "gluing" with concrete surface moisture protective layer serves the longest and most effectively. However, it is difficult to install any external finishing elements on top of a bitumen sheet, so this method is most often used for waterproofing floors on open balconies and roofs.

Penetrating.

They are the most resistant to moisture, mainly applied in crevices between the wall and window frame, in cracks, seams.

Preparation

In addition to purchasing all the necessary mastics, it is necessary to completely clean the balcony. If any cladding was installed on the floor, walls, or ceiling, then before starting work it will need to be completely dismantled, leaving bare concrete. Then you need to check the quality of the concrete slabs themselves. If any defects are found on them (cracks, mold, unevenness, etc.), then you need to completely get rid of them by sealing them with plaster or removing the damaged areas (in the case of unevenness). After completion of the work, dust and dirt are completely removed, and the concrete can also be treated with special antiseptics.

If the walls, floor and ceiling are rotten to such an extent that rusty areas of the reinforcement are visible, then clean them as completely as possible from rust, and then apply special protective compounds for metals. Cracks that are too large will have to be widened and filled with screed. Small cracks can be filled ordinary plaster. Also, all large irregularities are removed with a spatula and the depressions are covered.

If concrete slab If it is damaged too much, it will have to be completely replaced, but most often this can only be found in old and dilapidated houses.

Provided that everything preparatory procedures were carried out, the mastics and sheets will lie more densely and evenly on the surface, thereby making the coating more durable and of higher quality. High-quality waterproofing of the floor of an open balcony is especially important if it is located above the bay window of the neighbors below. Nobody wants to flood them.

Waterproofing process

The application of the moisture-repellent layer may vary depending on the surface on which it is applied. The stages of preparatory work may also differ slightly.

Floor insulation

If the balcony is located above the living space, then its floor must be waterproofed, because condensation accumulates on it, which can accumulate on the floor due to temperature changes and slowly destroy it.

Waterproofing the floor on an open balcony may involve installing a special floor screed with a slope of about 1-2% - this is required for free descent excess moisture. It is advisable to reinforce it with metal mesh (especially if you plan to install insulation, decorative tiles etc.). The screed must be divided into seams, which are of the following types:

Temperature - formed when laying the pressure layer.
Wall-mounted. It is located at the junction of the balcony slab and the façade slab, most suitable for small loggias.

Waterproofing an open balcony under tiles requires that the resulting seams be filled approximately half (a little more or less) with moisture-proofing mastic. Then insulation is added to the remaining space (if necessary) or it is simply filled with concrete, then tiles are laid on top.

You can also go the easy way - either bitumen sheets are laid on a cleaned and repaired concrete slab, or mastic is applied. In the first case, it is advisable to entrust the matter to a specialist, because the sheets may need to be “burnt” to the floor. In the second, you need to go 15-20 cm up the walls.

Ceiling insulation

The ceiling on an open-type balcony can also be waterproofed by painting it with mastic. If necessary, additional film is applied to prevent the mastic from dripping from the ceiling.

But more often, ordinary mastic is applied to the ceiling, which manages to be absorbed into the concrete. Application occurs in four stages:

The ceiling is cleaned and slightly moistened.
First applied thin layer mastics.
After it dries, you need to moisten it a little.
The second layer is applied. After which it is advisable to moisten the ceiling 2-3 times a day for 2-3 days.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5auk96rpDA Video can"t be loaded: Resitrix / Resitrix waterproofing of a balcony (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5auk96rpDA)

A balcony is a fenced slab that is constantly exposed to precipitation. In winter, moisture trapped in the pores of concrete expands, causing microcracks to appear. If you do not take protective measures, then not only will the balcony slab quickly collapse, but also the things on the balcony will constantly deteriorate from dampness. Every balcony owner should know about the features and methods of waterproofing.

About the features of waterproofing

Balcony waterproofing scheme

A water-repellent and waterproof additional layer on the floor, ceiling and balcony partitions creates reliable protection destructive moisture ingress.

Waterproofing is necessary regardless of the location of the balcony. For example, moisture gets onto the first floor balcony not only from the environment, but also from basement. But the balcony on the middle floor of the house is threatened by leaks from neighbors on the top floor.

Properly performed waterproofing increases the service life of the balcony without overhaul and also increases its comfort.

Balcony waterproofing technology depends on the following factors:

type of balcony: open or glazed;

location relative to neighboring balconies: next to or separately;

balcony construction material.

On the open balcony of the top floor, the roof and ceiling must be waterproofed. For complex balcony configurations, liquid waterproofing is laid on the floor.

Before waterproofing a wooden balcony, all structural elements are processed protective material, and is settling in natural ventilation. Under the wooden floor there is a slope and a drain to the street.

Basic waterproofing options

When choosing an option for waterproofing a balcony, not only the condition of its surface is taken into account, but also the material from which it is made.

Simultaneous use of different options on the same balcony is allowed. The main waterproofing options are:

Balcony waterproofing work is carried out in three stages:

Preparation;

selection of materials;

laying waterproofing.

Preparatory work

The quality of waterproofing work and durability depend on preparation. Preparatory work are performed in a certain sequence:

The base for the waterproofing layer is being prepared. It should not have loose layers or protruding reinforcement. All irregularities are cut off with a grinder;

Using an iron brush, the base is cleaned of all contaminants;

Concrete is removed around protruding reinforcement. The fittings are cleaned of traces of corrosion and covered with a protective layer;

the ceiling is inspected and the scope of sealing work is determined;

Balcony partitions are inspected and the scope of sealing work is determined.

It has long been established that waterproofing a glazed balcony is more reliable than an open one. That is why double-glazed windows are installed on the balcony before waterproofing work. Their tightness depends on the presence of an external cornice and on high-quality polyurethane foam.

Selection of materials

The result of waterproofing equally depends on compliance with the work technology and on the correctly selected material. Conventionally, materials are combined into several types:

When choosing, some features of waterproofing materials are taken into account.

Rolled pasting materials from Folgoizolon and TechnoNIKOL are supplied in two versions to create various types coatings:

self-adhesive coatings - strong adhesion to the surface occurs due to the sticky bitumen layer. Aluminum foil gives the material strength. Laying such materials is a labor-intensive but inexpensive process.

Coating materials in the form of various mastics are easier to use. Their peculiarity is that a screed is required on top.

Mastics with bitumen are sold in finished form, so they are immediately ready for use.

Mastics with cement are purchased dry and then diluted with water according to the instructions. The resulting mixture retains its quality for no more than two hours, so it is prepared in small portions and immediately applied to the surface.

Step-by-step instructions for the floor

Depending on the materials used and the method of performing the work, they are used various technologies waterproofing the balcony floor. The most common technologies are:

Cast method.

Reliable but expensive technology that permanently solves the problem of waterproofing the floor on the balcony. The moisture-repellent layer is created in two ways. If you follow the instructions, it is not difficult to complete the work yourself.

"Hot" option:

Dust and debris are removed from the base of the floor. To do this we use a vacuum cleaner;

all cracks are covered;

the concrete slab dries well. We use a hair dryer;

The base of the floor is primed with a liquid solution of bitumen;

along the perimeter of the balcony slab, formwork made of plywood or thick cardboard with a height of up to 400 mm is placed;

to create strength, a metal mesh is laid;

According to the instructions, the mastic is heated and poured;

Using scrapers, the mastic is evenly distributed over the entire balcony slab.

After drying, two more layers of mastic are laid.

"Cold" option.

It differs from the “Hot version” in that the mastic does not heat up. The sequence of work remains the same:

the surface is cleaned and all cracks are removed;

the concrete slab is dried and coated with a primer;

formwork is installed around the perimeter of the balcony;

metal mesh creates strength for the laid mixture;

the cold mixture is poured in and then leveled with a rule or scraper.

Coating method.

Simple technology has made this method popular among balcony owners.

Its advantages include, firstly, no special knowledge is required to apply the composition, secondly, a service life of up to 6 years, thirdly - affordable price. There is a drawback: bitumen quickly breaks down at subzero temperatures. This limits the use of materials on open balconies without special additives.

Coating materials are applied hot or cold using the following technology:

Dirt, dust, and smudges are removed from the surface;

degreasing of the coating area is carried out;

2 layers of primer are applied;

The waterproofing compound is spread on top of the soil with a brush.

Pasting method.

Technology associated with gluing several layers of sheet or roll material, is familiar to many. It is equally suitable for balconies made of concrete and wood. However, this technology has recently been rarely used due to the following disadvantages:

painstaking preparation of the surface is required before installation;

it is difficult to lay material with large dimensions on a small balcony area;

after installation, a specific odor from the material remains on the balcony for some time;

seams form between fragments of glued material, which often leak;

temperature fluctuations negatively affect the quality of waterproofing using this technology;

The waterproofing layer must be protected with a concrete screed. If it is not possible to make a screed, then another waterproofing technology is chosen.

Work using this technology is carried out in the following order:

Uneven surfaces are removed from the balcony slab and cracks are repaired. Then, it is cleaned and dried;

the material is cut to the size of the balcony;

mastic is applied with a brush;

we apply material to the walls of at least 20 cm;

rolled material is rolled out and placed on the mastic;

if necessary, the second and subsequent layers are also laid on mastic;

the edges of the rolls are puttied with moisture-proof material with polymer additives.

Important! During work using this technology, the temperature of the air and the balcony slab should not fall below +10 ºС.

Plastering method.

The technology has become widely used due to its simple installation. It is suitable for any surface. The material used is inexpensive mixtures with cement or polymers. Plaster insulation works well with various coatings, for example, with tiles.

The work is performed in the following sequence:

the surface of the slab is cleaned and puttied;

apply a thin layer of primer and leave to dry;

plaster mortar is prepared;

the first layer is applied. Special attention joints and corners;

After 30 minutes, another layer of solution is applied. No more than four layers are laid sequentially;

laid waterproofing coating It dries in a few days. At this time, it must be protected from mechanical influences. In addition, to prevent the coating from drying out, it is moistened with a spray bottle every three hours on the first day. In the future, moisturizing is done up to three times a day.

At the final stage of waterproofing the floor, a wooden frame is mounted on the balcony slab. OSB boards are attached to it, and linoleum or other finishing coating is laid on top.

Step-by-step instructions for the ceiling

The ceiling must be protected from precipitation. This is especially important when the balcony is located on the top floor, or the upper neighbors did not take care to seal their balcony.

Typically, the top balcony slab is insulated with penetrating compounds. In this case, the following sequence is selected for arranging waterproofing:

the entire surface of the ceiling is thoroughly cleaned of whitewash and paint with a metal brush;

the prepared surface is wetted with water;

On the balconies of the top floor of the house, additional work is being done to seal the roof.

The following sequence of work is selected:

roofing material is laid overlapping on the roof;

a protective layer of mastic is applied on top of the roofing material;

sometimes an additional protective structure from roofing materials;

joints are isolated;

outlets are installed for runoff collected after rain.

Usually, after waterproofing the ceiling, the condition of the balcony glazing is checked. Frames installed in violation of technology common reason moisture getting onto the balcony.

Step-by-step instructions for balcony partitions

Waterproofing is carried out using a technology that is no different from treating floors and ceilings. Insulation using foil polystyrene foam boards. The plate is glued to the partition mortar with high moisture resistance. Reinforcing mesh is used for tile joints.

The following sequence of work is selected:

the coating waterproofing layer is applied with a brush to the moistened surface of the slabs;

no earlier than five hours later, another protective layer is applied perpendicular to the first layer;

The external cladding of the layers is done by painting or plaster.

So, if waterproofing work is carried out carefully without violating technology, then the safety of the balcony slab and comfortable environment on the balcony are guaranteed. In addition, any owner with little construction skills can waterproof a balcony.

How to quickly and easily waterproof a balcony floor, watch our video:

If previously almost all citizens used the balcony to store old and unnecessary things, now the situation has changed. Apartment owners are trying to get additional living space, so they are converting the balcony space. Some residents install a roof, others install glazing, others insulate the space, etc. However, this is not enough to obtain a full-fledged living space. Balcony waterproofing is required.

Why do you need waterproofing for a balcony?

The balcony is more susceptible to the negative influence of weather conditions than other areas of the apartment. Waterproofing will protect the space from unpleasant humidity, fungus and dampness. If you use high-quality waterproofing materials and carry out the work correctly, you can provide reliable protection to the walls, ceiling and roof of your balcony.

In the vast majority of cases (95%), a concrete slab serves as the balcony base. High-quality waterproofing of an open balcony makes it possible to increase the service life of the structure under the influence by one and a half times aggressive environment. If this is not done, you may incur financial losses in the future.

Because reinforced concrete has a porous structure, and there is an embedded material inside it metal element. At sub-zero temperatures, water enters these pores and begins to break off metal microparticles. Corrosion occurs and the metal is destroyed. Waterproofing prevents destructive processes.

It is performed for floor slabs (processed from below and above), parapet (at the same time vapor insulation is done), and roof (the rafter system is processed).

If you understand the importance of this operation, let's move on and see how to waterproof a balcony in accordance with existing technology.

Materials for waterproofing balconies

First, let's look at the necessary materials.

It all depends on the finishing of the balcony structure. If the surface of the balcony is made of concrete/wood, penetrating compounds are used. If polyurethane/stone/tiles are present, a coating material is used.

Varieties waterproofing materials the following:

Cast insulation;
Pasted insulation;
Paint insulation;
Impregnation.

Any of these materials will perfectly protect the balcony space from negative influence water/moisture.

Cast insulation has a water-repellent composition. When choosing it, a heated polymer is used. It is used to treat the floor of the balcony. It can quickly become damaged and lose its integrity.

By adhesive insulation we mean material in the form of a roll. It is overlapped over the entire balcony surface. Joints are treated with special mastic. To give waterproofing strength and effectiveness, it is laid in several layers.

Paint insulation is characterized by ease of use. Another plus is the low cost of the material. However, we do not recommend using it for wooden surface. At sub-zero temperatures it may crack and the waterproofing layer will have to be renewed.

An excellent material for waterproofing wood/concrete surfaces is impregnation. It penetrates inside and ensures the safety of the structure. However, when treating a wooden surface, warm and dry weather is required. The applied impregnation should dry well.

Preparatory work for waterproofing a balcony

Having chosen the material, we get to work. You can entrust it to a specialist, but waterproofing a balcony does not require special qualifications; you can do it yourself and reduce the repair budget.

Except preparatory stage, there are three more: treatment of the floor, the interior surface of the room, the canopy/roof/gutters.

Preparation includes the following types of work:

We dismantle the old covering;
Analyzing the state concrete base, identifying areas of unsuitability;
We remove them with a punch;
We clean the surface of debris with a stiff brush and remove any remaining cement/old glue;
We treat cracks with a grinder. This is necessary so that the new screed fills all kinds of voids. We expand a small crack, trim a large one;
We clean the exposed reinforcement rust chemical compounds and remove the remaining concrete;
We coat the fittings with an anti-corrosion compound;
We prime the floor surface;
Fill the holes with cement-sand mortar;
We inspect the roof of the balcony and determine possible places water penetration;
Clean the surface of the ceiling/walls;
We apply a primer with a waterproofing material.

Waterproofing the floor on the balcony

Waterproofing the floor prevents moisture from penetrating from below. This is especially important for owners of apartments located on the first floors of buildings. The moisture may come from the basement/ground. We clear the floor of debris/dust and create concrete screed. If the balcony is open, its slope must be 2% so that water flows freely from the surface. Metal mesh we reinforce the screed.

All seams that appear during the work process are filled with mastic 50% to seal. We clean the screed from debris/dust and apply WB primer to it to ensure good adhesion. We cover the moistened concrete with several layers of polyurethane mastic.

We wait for the insulation to dry and lay it overlapping vapor barrier material made from foil. This way we prevent the formation of condensation. Put it on top wooden frame. It is attached to it with self-tapping screws OSB board. The final work is installation of finishing material on the balcony floor.

The thickness of the waterproofing should not be less than 20 mm and must extend up to 200 mm onto the walls.

Waterproofing the wall on the balcony

Before carrying out waterproofing work, use a grinder to select U-shaped grooves in interpanel seams and seal them with Hermoplast. This way we eliminate leakage through microcracks. Then we attach the decorative coverings.

Then we glue the foil-coated polystyrene foam tightly to the wall. The second option is ordinary polystyrene foam, which we cover with a layer vapor barrier film. Joints form between sheets of foam. We seal them. To reliably protect against moisture, apply 2 layers of mastic.

Partitions

It is possible that there are additional partitions/other structures on your balcony. Then they should also be waterproofed. The operating principle is similar.

Waterproofing the ceiling on the balcony

We clean the ceiling slab and treat it with an antiseptic to protect the structure from the formation of fungal mold. Then the surface is treated with a coating/penetrating insulating compound. We seal all the cracks and cracks in the ceiling with silicone.

We fill the joints of the wall with the floor slabs with sealant. When finishing the roof with tiles/metal tiles, each joint is additionally treated with polyurethane mastic. It has good adhesion and is easy to apply to a damp ceiling surface. We recommend two layers of mastic. The second layer should be perpendicular to the first. After the first layer, the waterproofing layer is reinforced with mesh. We give the mastic 3 days so that it dries well and hardens. This will create a durable crystalline protective layer.

For residents top floors We recommend laying a layer of roofing material on top of the balcony roof or covering it with roofing mastic. We recommend calling specialists to waterproof your roof. We do not recommend doing this work yourself. This is life-threatening.

Waterproofing a wooden balcony

Waterproofing a wooden balcony involves treating the boards with a special antiseptic to prevent excessive moisture and the appearance of fungus on the surface. It is allowed to cover the floor with a wall liquid rubber onto the base followed by processing with finishing material.

Waterproofing helps prevent the development of mold and reduce the decorative value of the tree. The material will begin to lose strength and attractiveness. The coating will become deformed and it will be impossible to return it to its original state. appearance. Waterproofing a wooden balcony will prevent swelling and prevent cracks from appearing, which will lead to the destruction of the structure.

The technology of work depends on the functional purpose of the balcony and its type.

In this article we looked at the process of self-waterproofing a balcony. We hope that you will be able to use the specified technology.