Facade installation technology. Installation of a suspended ventilated facade and typical mistakes. Subsystems made of galvanized steel

Installation of a ventilated facade is difficult process, which requires a qualified approach and professional skills. Otherwise, the cladding of the building will look poor quality.

Based practical experience, we can safely say that damage that appears on ventilated facades within 3-4 years of operation is the result of the incompetence of the construction team.

In addition to defects that occur on the façade of a building due to improper installation, poorly installed composite panels may break due to strong winds.

For these reasons, the installation of ventilated facades should be carried out under the supervision of a qualified specialist who has sufficient experience in handling curtain types of facades and is able to gradually guide the actions of the construction team.

Below we discuss how to install a ventilated façade correctly.

Instructions for installing ventilated facades

Installation of curtain-type facades is carried out in compliance with a certain sequence of actions. You will need the following accessories:

• ventilation façade kit;
• electric drill;
• screwdriver or screwdriver;
• construction knife;
• parapet plumb;
• laser level;
• roulette;
• indelible paint (for marking).

Before installation work, you will need to carry out preparatory procedures, which include the following actions:

1. Fence off the area where they are being held construction works, so that strangers do not accidentally enter this area. The interval between the fence and the building must be at least 4 m.
2. By installing the lifts necessary for installation work, you will need to inspect them for damage and malfunctions.
3. The construction site must be equipped with special rooms for equipment. They will prepare façade panels and get ready frame structures. Some of the premises will be used as equipment storage.

It is worth paying attention: the installation of ventilated facades in conditions of dense fog, strong wind and heavy precipitation is strictly prohibited.

Marking points for mounting brackets

Before placing the support profiles begins, you will need to mark the external area of ​​the building for proper installation of the brackets.

When marking items, you need to rely on the manual that comes with the set of composite facade panels. By default, the vertical spacing between brackets is 50 cm.

The horizontal spacing is more variable, so it is calculated based on the width facade cassettes.

First, you need to make marks along the edges of the wall area intended for installation of the ventilation facade. Vertical markings are carried out using plumb lines, and horizontal markings are carried out using a level.

In this case, marks must be made with paint that will not wash off under the influence of moisture. The remaining points should be noted using measuring instrument, laser level and parapet plumbs, maintaining the same interval. After this, you can begin installing the brackets.

Installing Support Brackets

Installation should be carried out in stages:

• Using a construction drill, you need to drill holes at the marked points on the wall;
• before installation of the brackets begins, you need to place paronite gaskets using dowels;
• installation of the ventilation facade support brackets is carried out using anchor dowels, which are secured with a special screwdriver.

Installation of thermal insulation and wind protection

Arrangement of thermal insulation and wind protection is carried out as follows:

• vertical slots are made in the thermal insulation for the bracket extensions, after which it is tightly placed on them;
• a wind protection fabric is placed in the same way on top of the thermal insulation, which needs to be temporarily strengthened;
• On top of the wind protection, openings are drilled for mushroom dowels, which are nailed in 5 places of the insulation board.

Scheme thermotechnical calculation indicated in the manual of the thermal insulation kit will help determine required thickness insulation. Mushroom dowels should be nailed no closer than 5 cm to the edges of the heat insulator.

Thermal insulation is placed from the lower part of the facade, thus further insulation is carried out towards the upper part of the building.

Insulation boards are placed in checkerboard pattern so that there are no gaps between them big size. The maximum distance between the plates should not exceed 2 mm.

It is necessary to securely strengthen the insulation during installation work, since it can easily be torn off by the wind due to its ultra-lightness thermal insulation material(expanded polystyrene, foam).

Important to know: the edges of additional slabs will need to be cut off special knife. It is not recommended to break them off by hand due to the structure of the insulation.

If thermal insulation is applied in 2 layers, it is necessary to attach the 1st layer with 3 mushroom dowels. The 2nd layer is attached according to the same principle as single-layer insulation. In this case, you will need to move the heat insulator slightly so that it covers the horizontal and vertical seams of the inner slab.

Installation of support profiles

It is necessary to insert support profiles into the grooves of the retractable brackets and secure them using special rivets. When attaching the bracket to the extension, it is necessary to place the support profile more freely, which will compensate for temperature deformation when moving vertically. The recommended gap in the joint areas is 8-10 mm.

When installing ventilated facades, you should definitely take care of the fire safety of the interior. For this purpose, fire compartments are located.

Ventilated facade: technology for installing cassettes made of various materials

Composite panels of ventilated facades are made from various materials, which include ceramic granite and aluminum.

The technology for installing a ventilation façade based on ceramic granite is carried out in the following order:

1. Markings are made for the holes on the support profiles, where the clamps will be attached in the future.
2. Holes are drilled along the edges of the ventilation façade cassettes using an electric drill. Their value should be 0.25 mm larger than the diameter of the rivet.

Ventilated curtain facade - installation technology, video:

Clips are attached to the sheathing structure using rivets. At the same time, facade cassettes made of ceramic granite are being installed. They are fastened with self-tapping screws that come complete with the ventilation façade.

The installation scheme for an aluminum ventilated facade is determined based on the type of panel fastening, which can be either with or without a lock.

Before securing the panel, it is necessary to glue the double-sided duct tape, which is designed to strengthen the fasteners.

Make sure that the composite panels have a tight connection to the frame. There should be no gaps or distortions exceeding permissible norm. All work must be carried out carefully, as aluminum is easily scratched and dented.

Price of a ventilated facade with installation

The cost of a ventilated facade along with installation depends both on the size of the area for arrangement and on the material of the composite panels.

The average price for installing an aluminum ventilated façade is 1,500 rubles/m2. This value increases if the facade panels are made of porcelain stoneware or wood-polymer material, since their price is much more expensive than metal ventilation facades.

Exterior decoration of a building is an important part of construction work. Increasingly, experts recommend installing ventilated facades, which makes it possible to provide the house with additional thermal insulation.

Device

A ventilated facade is a structure that is formed using a durable frame on which facing material or insulated facade panels are fixed. Previously, the production of such a facade was carried out using wooden beams, but they did not provide the structure with the necessary strength and rigidity, so they were replaced by more reliable steel and aluminum profiles.

Photo - design of a ventilated facade

The structural features consist in the creation of certain nodes between load-bearing wall and an installed frame. Please note that a layer of heat-insulating material must be placed between the building and the curtain panels. In the diagram above, this is mineral wool, but it can be successfully replaced with foam plastic or foam insulation.

1. If your building is built from hygroscopic materials - shell rock, foam blocks, clay, then you need to use polystyrene foam for insulation, which does not retain moisture;
2. Before starting installation, you need to calculate the normal distance between the frame, the wall and the insulating layer. This gap serves natural ventilation, therefore, in its absence, the system will not be used effectively;
3. The facade is installed only on load-bearing wall so as not to disrupt the supporting capacity of the entire building.

Video: installation of a suspended ventilated facade system

Frame installation

Step-by-step instructions for installing suspended ventilated facades:

1. Design;
2. Calculation works;
3. Frame installation;
4. Creating a Pie;
5. Facade finishing.

Work begins with the creation of drawings and diagrams according to which the calculations will be made. Routing should include the dimensions of the future canopy, the material of the beams and covering. Based on the available parameters, the mass of the structure and its load bearing capacity. To do this you will need to resort to formulas theoretical mechanics, where the calculation of rigid beams is carried out. The installation scheme for ventilated curtain facades must be approved by special authorities.

To work, you will need certain equipment: a screwdriver, a hammer drill, a hammer, a level. If you are installing an aluminum frame, then also use a hacksaw.

Installation of the frame is also divided into several points. The first one is building wall preparation:

1. The load-bearing wall is cleaned of dust, dirt and old building materials. After this, you need to cover it with a primer and leave it for a day for complete absorption. This is necessary to ensure tight adhesion between the mortar and the wall. The soil will also help prevent the formation of dampness and mold under mineral wool and polystyrene foam;
2. After this, the wall is leveled. This is best done with the help of special building materials that will prevent the formation of fungus and other microorganisms;
3. The installation location of the future bracket, which will be used for mounting aluminum, wood or steel beams, is marked on the wall;
4. Many experts recommend measuring the vertical by installing plumb lines, building level will not be able to accurately determine the desired angle;
5. When the bracket is installed on the wall and the thread with the load extends from it, you need to draw the surface along them to determine the future location of the frame.

For correct installation Ventilated facades must be worked with fairly rigid fasteners. The brackets are installed first. To do this, along the marked vertical line we mark the locations of these parts. To create holes in the wall for mounting fasteners you will need special tools: drill or hammer drill. When the surface is drilled, you need to install a spacer under the bracket, which will ensure maximum adherence to the wall, and the bracket itself.

After this, the bracket is installed using a special dowel, the same way the foam is attached when insulating the facade of the building. Installs directly onto brackets insulation, or if there is an aluminum (wooden) frame, and mineral wool on top of it.

1. You need to secure sheets of mineral wool or foam plastic to the installed brackets;
2. For most buildings, a layer of weatherproofing must also be installed on top of the insulation. This is necessary to protect the system from excessive humidity;
3. Further, for greater safety of the structure, they are additionally attached to the wall using construction dowels, which provide rigid fastening. In this case, a gap is left between the wall covering and the material used for insulation.

Sometimes the technology of installing ventilated frames using the so-called profile subsystems, which fasten drywall. This system allows for more rigid and reliable reinforcement.

As in the first option, construction work begins with surface preparation. It is necessary to trim off the layer of old coating and provide a smooth new one, along which installation will be carried out quickly.

1. The supporting galvanized profile is installed first. It forms a structure that consists of several horizontal surfaces;
2. After this technique involves the installation of transverse racks, as when installing gypsum boards;
3. If you have a facade large area, then the racks need to be further strengthened with hangers;
4. After the main construction work is completed, you need to install insulation boards on the frame and cover them with special films that will provide protection from moisture;
5. Finishing work includes puttying and painting the facade, and, if necessary, creating decorative elements.

Eat different ways, how to finish the facade, in most cases, porcelain stoneware cladding is used, which has a fairly simple installation. Cladding involves installing panels to the finished coating using self-tapping screws. In this case, installation work on installing porcelain tiles and siding panels will be carried out using special clips.

According to SNiP (building codes and regulations), the facade must be checked periodically and, if necessary, repaired structures. Time intervals – from 6 to 12 months.

Price overview

It is not always possible to carry out construction work yourself. In all cities of Russia, professional installation of ventilated facades is carried out, the cost of which depends on the material and size of the structure (prices may vary by region). Cost of installation of Alucobond panels per square meter.

Almost everyone has heard that there are ventilated facades, but only a few understand what exactly they are, how they are built and what the differences are in comparison with a regular facade.

Description and features

Ventilated facade or, as it is also called - hinged, it is a kind of technology, a fastening system facing materials at a distance from the wall itself, on a separate frame, which can be made of steel, aluminum alloys or any other materials.

Main difference and advantage ventilated facade systems the fact that nothing prevents the free passage of air, due to which the problem of moisture accumulation, condensation formation is eliminated and a number of others are solved, no less important points in the operation of buildings.

Even though this type engineering solution registration external walls began to be used in our country not so long ago, the technology itself did not arise “yesterday”. It appeared in Germany, namely in the Federal Republic of Germany, in the late 50s of the last century.

Of course, since those times both the technology itself and the materials used have gone far ahead, and if in the last century such a design of the facade was possible only in a “cold” form, today curtain structures cope with the task of insulation quite well.

"Warm » ventilated facade technology implies the use of mineral wool varieties, and if lined basement part, then - polystyrene foam insulating materials.

A feature of an insulated curtain wall is that the distance left between the wall and the insulation material during its installation should not be less than 4 cm, in some cases 2 cm is allowed, but a gap size of 5 cm is considered ideal and suitable for any climatic conditions.

This type of facade almost completely “extinguishes” the direct heat output of the building itself, and the air circulating in the gap completely eliminates the problems of temperature changes, humidity levels and all other aspects that often cause trouble with traditional conservative cladding of buildings.

Another feature of this engineering solution in the design of the facade and its serious advantage is the ability to change the appearance of the building at any time, because the slabs that make up the visible part of the structure are not tightly fixed and can always be replaced.

Besides, installation of ventilated facades“cold” type is not final; such a structure can always be insulated or strengthened, even after several years of operation.

Kinds

Curtain facades are divided into main types depending on the material from which the cladding is made.

The most popular types of facades of this design are:

• from porcelain stoneware;
• from HPL panels;
• from linear panels;
• from artificial stone;
• from fiber cement boards;
• from glass;
• from composites.

Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware occurs most often, due to the fairly low cost and ease of installation work. This combination of qualities has made the material in demand in mass construction, carried out by various construction companies - this is how they finish and office buildings, and the lower floors of residential high-rise buildings, however, they are also completely finished in this way, and much more, and, of course, this type of facade is in demand in private housing construction.

Fake diamond– a completely universal material, suitable for almost any work, both indoors and outdoors. Of course, it is also in demand for finishing facades with curtain structures. As a rule, such tiles are used to decorate externally visible walls of small buildings or private cottages.

Fiber cement boards– extremely economical material, which is distinguished by extremely high heat-blocking and heat-storing characteristics. But these slabs have a very significant drawback - visible joints and fastenings. This option for finishing a curtain façade is in demand mainly in the northern regions and for finishing office and other service or work buildings. non-residential premises.

Cladding glass has many advantages, but is not used as often when decorating facades using the hinged method as in the classic way. Glass panels are quite expensive, and when installed using the ventilated method, their main advantage is that light transmission is not relevant.

Panels for ventilated facade devices made from a mixture composite materials have an important advantage and difference from all others - they are capable of self-cleaning and have excellent noise and sound insulating qualities, which makes them ideal solution when finishing a facade next to a large highway, in the center of a busy street, or in some other places filled with noise. But this species finishing slabs There are also disadvantages, for example, they cope with thermal insulation much worse than all the others.

In addition to the above types of materials, the following types of finishing are used for curtain facades:

• metal “cassettes”;
• "copper" plates;
• planken;
• glass panels.

But such types of finishing are rare and are usually used when decorating the facades of small buildings. In addition to all of the above, ventilated facades on small areas can be decorated with wood.

Installation

Hinged ventilated facade can be mounted in two ways - open and closed, they differ only in whether the fastenings will be noticeable or not, of course, for open method“secret” or decorated rivets and other fasteners are used, and with the closed method - any kind.

Before starting the process itself decorative design walls of the building, when choosing a hinged type of facade construction, a subsystem is installed.

A subsystem is a combination of:

• load-bearing profiles;
• brackets;
• a set of appropriate hardware - clamps, screws, anchors, and so on;
• layers of insulation, if used.

The design of the subsystem can be fixed either directly in the wall itself or only in places of ceilings between floors or any other “seams”.

The most basic points that make up the entire installation workflow are:

• marking the wall for the future structure;
• securing brackets;
• fastening of supporting profiles;
• wiring outlet and fastening street lamps if you plan to use backlighting;
• installation of thermal insulation, if involved additional insulation;
• mounting the top decorative material.

Finally, electrical appliances are connected if they are involved in architectural project, design of drains, layers, slopes and others minor work.

Price

Cost of a ventilated facade consists of many nuances. Of course, the price is primarily influenced by what materials are chosen - what the subsystem will be made of, whether additional insulation will be used and, if so, which one, whether wiring will be required and installation of lights or spotlights, and, finally, what type of materials the façade will be decorated.

In addition to all this, the price will also include the cost of work, which also directly depends on the selected materials and the level of complexity of their installation.

Of course, on price of ventilated facade The area of ​​the building and the complexity of its walls will also affect it. For example, the design of various “roundings”, “transition corners”, canopies and other architectural delights will cost a more significant amount than the cladding of a simple straight line flat wall.

The cost can be reduced when decorating small private houses by doing the work yourself, but if we are talking about a large cottage with several floors, you will no longer be able to do it yourself.

On average, the cost of installation work per square meter of facade, when using porcelain stoneware slabs, adds up to the following approximate figures:

• subsystem – from 500 rubles;
• additional layer of insulation up to 5 cm thick – from 150 rubles;
• cladding layer – from 450 rubles;
• strengthening the subsystem fasteners - from 80 rubles;
• strengthening the fastening of the insulating layer - from 50 rubles;
• fastening of decorative and other elements, including plums, layers, and so on - from 250 rubles.

That is, the cost of installation of a suspended facade made of porcelain stoneware slabs on average starts from 1,480 rubles per square meter, in the absence of any complex architectural aspects, for example, curves, on the walls of the building.

To the cost of the work you need to add the prices for material and fasteners, and multiply the resulting number by the quantity square meters. This will give you an approximate cost for the planned façade. Meter installation cost hanging structure from metal cassettes starts from approximately 2080 rubles, and from composite slabs– from 2045 rubles.

However, in different cities the cost may differ, for example, in large centers prices for construction work are always slightly lower, as well as for materials, than in small provincial ones populated areas.

A ventilated facade is a method of cladding a building, with the help of which an outer ventilated layer is arranged, which consists of insulation, air gap, facing decorative material. The entire structure is mounted on metal carcass, which can be made of galvanized, of stainless steel or aluminum. The frame itself is mounted on a monolithic wall.

Due to the gap that is maintained between the insulation and decorative finishing, the façade is fully ventilated and ventilated. As a result, excess moisture that can accumulate on the surface of the walls is removed. And the insulation layer helps to significantly save heating costs. The construction market offers more choice decorative materials, with which you can decorate the façade of an object:

• Granite slabs
• Glass panels
• Metal cassettes
• Aluminum panels
• Wooden plank
• Fiber cement panels or siding
• Facing brick
• HPL panels

Advantages of using ventilated facade systems:

• Wide choose design solutions for decorative finishing
• Good thermal and sound insulation
• Quick installation
• Long service life
• High weather resistance

Preparing the walls of the house

The first and most important step is preparing the surface, that is, the walls of the building. The process includes several main points:

• Needs to be removed old plaster, or the one that crumbles. Restore a completely deleted layer.
• If stone or brickwork is destroyed, it must also be restored.
• When constructing a new building, all work must be completed completely.
• Installation of windows, doors, circular blind area.
• Fixing all types of communications on the wall.
• It is important to place gas pipes beyond the future elevation of the surface of the suspended ventilated system.
• Marking places for air conditioners.

Ventilated façade installation technology

After the walls have been prepared, it is necessary to make markings along which the brackets and sheathing will be installed. For this you can use special beacons. After marking, the brackets are attached; for this, corrosion-resistant anchors are required.

The brackets are placed through a thermal pad, and their position is established using an aluminum washer. It helps increase the strength of the entire assembly as a whole. After the bracket has been installed in place, the anchor cap should be painted over to prevent corrosion.

When installing brackets, you should take into account the possibility of wall obstructions. In this case, you will have to change some of the brackets to longer ones, otherwise the ventilated facade will sag. In such a situation, it is necessary to calculate the load that will be distributed along the length of the new bracket. The second option for correcting blockages in walls is the use of sliding brackets, in which the extension of the support zone is adjusted in length.

Video instructions for the installation technology of a ventilated facade.

Installation of insulation and steam and wind protection

Slabs are most often used to create an insulating layer. mineral wool and extruded polystyrene foam. Mineral wool has excellent characteristics: it does not allow moisture to pass through, has a low level of thermal conductivity, retains its shape, does not ignite and prevents the spread of fire. Expanded polystyrene, in turn, prevents the penetration of moisture, is non-flammable, and also has a low level of thermal conductivity, so it is most often used to finish the basement of an object, since this is where the a large number of water.

Mineral wool mats are arranged in a checkerboard pattern. For ventilated facades, mats are most often used, as they are easy to attach. Extruded polystyrene foam has special grooves in it, so the panels are assembled into a single sheet, which provides an additional level of protection.

Mats and slabs are attached directly to the wall using trellis dowels or anchors, the core of which is made of steel. To do this, holes are drilled in the wall. And the mats hold the wide heads of anchors or dowels. To secure the mats in places where the brackets are already installed, slots are made in them.

Next, a special membrane is attached to the insulation layer, which protects from wind and moisture. The film is connected to each other with a special adhesive tape. Installation is carried out using a mechanical stapler.

Fastening horizontal profiles

To determine the horizon, you must use a hydraulic level. Markers should be checked every 4 meters to avoid distortion of the horizon. The guide (L-shaped) is attached to the bracket using four rivets in the grooves of the previously installed brackets. The sheathing is attached after maintaining the ventilation gap.

Fastening vertical profiles

Using self-tapping screws or rivets, the U-shaped guide is attached vertically (perpendicular to the L-shaped guide). A Z-shape is used as an intermediate guide.

Finishing of the ventilated facade with porcelain tiles and metal cassettes

Porcelain stoneware façade installation technology

Finishing work can be carried out in two ways: with a visible seam and seamless connection of porcelain stoneware slabs. Installation of a structure with a visible seam is cheaper and simpler. For fastening, special screws, clamps, rivets, and self-tapping screws are used. The slabs are installed through special gaskets on a T-shaped profile, which is subsequently painted to match the color of the stone in order to disguise it.

The seamless method is more expensive and complex. This is done in 4 main ways:

• Pin mounting
• Using glue
• Mechanical method: on the back side of the slab, a dowel is inserted into the anchor hole
• Combined method: glue + dowels.

Read more about the advantages, design and fastening of porcelain tiles.

Fastening metal cassettes

Visible installation is carried out using special rivets. They are fixed on vertical guides. Cassettes are installed from bottom to top, from left to right. Seamless method: An initial profile is attached along the lower edge of the building, then the cassettes are “assembled” groove into groove.