Materials for the manufacture of steel doors. Self-production of a metal door: an exclusive door on your own. Sales income

Modern steel door structures are not only reliable protection for a building, but also an element of the interior and exterior. The technology for creating steel blocks is quite remarkable and worth considering.

Steel door blocks: necessary equipment for starting a business

Steel metal systems in a spread

The main attribute of each building is the presence of a reliable entrance barrier. It is worth stipulating the production process of the stages of manufacturing iron structures.

So every manufacturer tries to make production steel doors more modernized, and developers in modern times use exclusively metal blocks to block the entrance to new buildings. Today, manufacturers are trying to improve not only the technical performance of systems, but also the aesthetic side of the product from a design point of view, relatively latest trends interior stylistic fashion.

The business of producing iron structures is not particularly complicated, so any entrepreneur can give birth to such production. So the list of necessary equipment for production purposes can be placed in a single table:

The above list of equipment refers to the minimum required equipment. So on

Machine for making structures

Ready-made integrated lines for the production of steel blocks are available on the world market, where all the above-mentioned machines and installations are combined. Typical production lines can be fully automated or partially automated, requiring a human hand to be involved in certain steps.

Such automated lines are often released into the world by foreign manufacturers and are equipped with the following list of equipment:

• Installation of plasma cutting of metal;
• Press for bending metal sheets;
• Automatic coordinate welding of door panels;
• Two machines for the welding process using tongs with conductors;
• Two points of the final welding process taking place in a special environment (carbon dioxide).

A typical line does not provide for a painting box, which is arranged separately. The productivity of the line is reduced to the production of 10 blocks within one hour, but also with the supervision of at least 10 people. approximate cost Such a continuous production process in assembled form comes down to neither more nor less, but to $100 thousand.

Workshops for the production of metal structures

Manufacturing workshop metal structures

On this moment The production of steel doors is carried out using various technologies, but in fact all of them are endowed with common initial aspects. The main part of the production technology processes should take place in separate rooms, therefore the area must provide for the presence of the following workshops:

• A workshop where metal is received and raw materials are prepared;
• A workshop where metal sheets are processed and profiles are rolled;
• The workshop where the welding and assembly process is carried out (production line);
• Workshop for painting products;
• Finishing and decorative workshop, provided that the finishing material is produced on the territory of the enterprise and is not purchased in finished form;
• Assembly control shop, where the blocks are equipped with locking and other mechanisms;
• Warehouses for storing finished products.

Each workshop must meet special fire safety requirements. So the premises must be finished (floors, walls) with at least non-flammable materials, and equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation.

Production and technological process for manufacturing steel blocks

The production of iron doors in relation to technology requires a certain sequence of production actions, which are prescribed in specialized documentation (routing or technological map), which indicates:

• Basic requirements for the initial quality of the material used;
• Rules for transportation of raw materials and finished product, acceptance of material and storage of input blocks;
• The special requirements documentation specifies a set of technical requirements for each stage of the process;
• Quality control and quality control methods are prescribed;
• Many technical conditions (production specifications) are indicated, which are compiled in accordance with the indications of GOST 31173-2003.

Basic technological stages manufacturing of steel structures:

Preparation of raw materials.

At this stage, the metal material is subject to sorting. The markings of the sheets are verified and the presence of deformations, which appear mainly after the transportation or rental process, is checked. At this stage, scale and corrosion are also removed from the material. Rolled metal products should be stored in warehouses on racks or sheets should be stacked.

Marking and cutting workpieces.

The production of doors starts with the correct cutting of metal sheets relative to templates applied to the surface using scribers and center punches.

Processing of blanks and parts.

The door frame profile is created on sheet bending equipment.

Blanks for future input blocks are filed to remove burrs and irregularities. This is how the surface layer of steel in the cutting areas is removed during the process. Sawdust can be done either manually using simple files or on specialized sawdust machines.

The processed blanks are sent to a stamping machine, on which holes of various diameters are made in the parts for the needs of installing fittings and locking systems on the structure.

Assembly process and welding work

The door leaf is assembled using resistance welding. Typical welding technology eliminates deformation damage to the door leaf and ensures complete elimination of weld seams on the surface.

Locking systems are installed on metal structures simultaneously with the installation of stiffeners, on areas reinforced with metal plates. A kind of technological pockets are being created. At this stage, the canvases are insulated. Non-flammable soundproofing and insulating material is laid inside the canvases.

Hinges are often welded to the assembled product by hand.

Paintwork works.

After completing the assembly of the structure, the block is painted. The compositions are applied exclusively to sanded, cleaned, degreased surfaces. There are several application methods:

• Jet dousing;
• Pneumatic spray;
• Spraying in an electrostatic field.

The process can use one of several paints in a wide range of colors:

• Powder;
• Nitro;
• Hammer;
• Graphite.

Decorative finishing of structures.

Often, metal doors are decorated with protective coatings, molded, laminated finishing panels. Decorative finishing can be purchased in finished form. The following can be used as cladding:

• Leatherette, leather, vinyl leather;
• Wood paneling;
• MDF panels, chipboard;
• Natural wood;
• Thermal film with imitation of natural wood or plain;
• Elements of decorative forging;
• Natural wood veneer.

Installation of fittings, locking systems.

Often fitting fittings is done manually. To avoid the characteristic metallic sounds emanating from the design of the entrance blocks, and for thermal insulation properties, the door leaves are covered with special shock-absorbing materials:

• Rubber seals;
• Made of rubber;
• Silicone seals.

Chinese-made armored doors on the market in most cases only look effective. They are made from thin sheet metal, the thickness of which rarely exceeds 0.8 mm, and it can be opened with a can opener. Therefore, if you need a truly durable and reliable design, it makes sense both from an economic point of view and in terms of efficiency to make it yourself.

Preparation of materials

Before starting work, it is necessary to take measurements of the doorway and sketch out a schematic drawing of the structure. At standard width(800-900 mm) the door can be made single, and with a wider opening it is advisable to make a prefabricated frame - an additional leaf is added to the side.

A metal door consists of 3 main components:

To make a welded door, the following materials are needed (the quantity is determined overall dimensions designs):

• Corner 50×50×5 mm – for the door frame.
• Profile square pipe 50×50 and a thickness of at least 2 m (you can use a corner of the appropriate size) - for the frame.
• Metal sheet with a thickness of 2 to 5 mm - for canvas.
• Steel hinges (2-3 pcs.) – the quantity depends on the weight of the door.
• Insulation - polystyrene foam or mineral wool.
• Lock.
• Material for decorative cladding (at the discretion of the owner) - plywood, lining, veneer, plastic panels etc.
• Consumables – electrodes (selected depending on the steel used, diameter up to 3.0 mm), grinder discs, drills.

Step-by-step manufacturing of a door frame

The dimensions of the box must be smaller than the opening - a gap of 20 mm is provided between the ends of the walls and the structure. This will allow you to adjust the position of the door and avoid distortion when installing it.

Taking these gaps into account, corners are cut and laid out in a rectangular structure on a flat plane (welding table or sawhorses pre-calibrated for flatness).

The corners of the box must be 90° - checked using a carpenter's angle and measuring the length of the diagonals. The structure is welded and the welds are subsequently cleaned flush with the surface of the corners (for a tight fit of the door leaf).

Door assembly and welding

Taking into account the dimensions of the box, square pipe blanks are prepared for the manufacture of the frame. Gaps between the frame and the door frame:

• bottom and top – 10 mm;
• from the canopy side – 5-7 mm;
• from the lock side – 6-8 mm.

As a result, the frame should be smaller than the internal dimensions of the box by 20 mm in height and 11-15 mm in width.

Step-by-step door leaf manufacturing technology:

1. The cut profile is laid out inside the box, the gaps are fixed (available materials are used - plates, grinder discs or wood chips of appropriate thickness) and the diagonals are checked.
2. A cutout is made in one of the side profiles for installing a lock.
3. When the diagonals match, the frame is welded and the seams are cleaned.
4. The frame and box are tacked together around the perimeter in 4-6 places.
5. Marking and cutting metal sheets. It is necessary to provide an overlap of 10-15 mm on the box, and 5 mm on the side of the canopies. Taking into account the gaps between the frame and the frame, these values ​​will be 20-25 mm on the sides and 10-12 mm on the hinge side.
6. The box and frame are placed and aligned on top of the metal sheet.
7. Welding - performed in separate seams (length within 40 mm, distance about 200 mm) staggered from the middle to the edges alternately with different sides door leaf. This will prevent possible deformation of the sheet and the structure as a whole.
8. To increase the rigidity of the structure, horizontal and vertical profile blanks of a certain length are welded. To facilitate decorative cladding, doors can be hammered into the frame and secured wooden blocks.

Welding door hinges and installing a lock

Before installing the hinges, the structure is turned over - the steel sheet should be on top. When installing awnings, it is important to maintain their alignment. The hinges are welded to the sheet and to the box. The tacks used to connect the box and frame are cut off with a grinder. The door opens and the awnings are scalded from the inside.

After this, all welds are thoroughly cleaned and the structure is painted. This will protect the metal from corrosion, so painting should be done regardless of whether decorative finishing is performed or not.

Places for the keyhole and handle are marked on the door leaf, and drilling is performed. The mounting holes are drilled, the threads are cut with a tap, and the lock is bolted.

Also at this stage you can prepare a hole for the peephole. It is drilled through a vertical profile in the middle of the door or is shifted slightly to the side and the opening is made only in the door leaf.

Installation of metal doors

Mounting plates (6-10 pieces) are prepared - they can be made from the remaining scraps of the sheet that was used for the door leaf. The parts are welded to the box.

Installation steps:

1. The horizontal and vertical of the door frame is aligned. Fixation is done using wooden wedges.
2. The level of the doors is again controlled.
3. Holes up to 150 mm deep are drilled in the mounting plates and in the wall for anchor bolts.
4. The top anchor is hammered in first on the side of the box where the hinges are located.
5. The level of location is checked again, and if necessary, the structure is trimmed.
6. The bottom anchor is hammered in next, and the middle one last.
7. Attaching the front part is carried out in the same sequence.
8. Metal doors are hung.
9. The gaps between the wall and the frame are filled with construction foam.

After installation, you can begin insulating the doors and finishing with the selected materials.

Among other types of doors, metal ones stand out for their strength and reliability. They are installed at the entrance to a house or landing, where increased protection is needed. Using simple tools and equipment, each person can assemble a metal door in one day. This also requires certain materials and knowledge.

Is it possible to make metal doors with your own hands?

Reliable metal doors have long won the sympathy of consumers. They are used wherever necessary additional protection: in houses, garages, apartments, warehouses. According to the demand, the supply market has also grown; a great variety of ready-made steel doors can be found on the pages of newspapers and Internet resources.

There are various types of metal doors on the market.

However, many craftsmen prefer home-made doors to purchased products. Their advantages include lower financial costs and independent choice designs and materials. These factors allow you to assemble a door of any shape, including non-standard options, and also give confidence in the quality of the finished product.

Thin steel on the front surface of finished metal doors is cut without much effort

Self-assembly of a metal door requires not only special equipment, but also certain skills. This is especially true for welding joints. To apply a seam of the required quality, you need skill and a certain dexterity. The cost compared to a factory door will be 30–35% lower, but the quality may be higher.

Metal door manufacturing technology

In the manufacture of metal doors main focus is done for reliability. This factor depends on:

• door leaf and frame designs;
• materials used;
• installation quality.

Reliability also implies the strength and durability of the doors. Additional devices - closers and electronic eyes - make the operation of the structure more comfortable.

Varieties door hinges and locking devices allow you to select the necessary components depending on the specific situation

All these innovations are also used for self-made doors. First of all, when drawing up a project, it is important to think through in detail all the elements included in the future design and select necessary materials. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the technological sequence, the order of assembly, installation and finishing of the door block.

Drawings for making a metal door with your own hands

To create a working drawing, you need to take measurements of the doorway. The sketch is drawn on paper at the selected scale. Using a tape measure, the width, height and depth of the opening are measured.

Doorway parameters: W-width, H-height, T-depth

There is a certain standard for metal doors. It is undesirable to make the dimensions of the door leaf more than 200x90 cm. This is due to the fact that the weight of the structure increases and, accordingly, the requirements for the quality (or quantity) of loops increase. If the doorway is larger, it is more advisable to install an additional top or side block. The top block is often equipped with glass inserts for additional lighting. The side can be hinged or blind.

The drawing must reflect in detail the design features of the door

All these nuances are reflected in the drawing. The dimensions of the box are usually taken into account the installation gap, which allows you to align the structure in the horizontal axis. It is subsequently filled with foam. To adjust the door position and eliminate distortions, a gap of 2.5–3 cm is sufficient.

To evenly distribute the weight of the door leaf onto the frame, 2 to 4 hinges are used. Awnings can be of indoor or outdoor design. External loops are used more often. The distance from the edge of the leaf to the hinges at the top and bottom is 15–20 cm. If the door is heavy and there is a need for additional suspension, one or two auxiliary hinges are installed between the main hinges. The exact location of the canopies is noted on the drawing, taking into account their own dimensions.

The support ball inside the sleeve softens the working stroke of the hinges

Any door is equipped with stiffening ribs. They are metal corners or pipes with a tetrahedral cross-section, located along, across or diagonally to the canvas. When placing them, two factors are taken into account:

• location of the lock and door handle (for ease of installation, the stiffening ribs do not intersect with the location of the locks);
• a method of insulating a door (since the heat-insulating material is attached in the recesses between the ribs).

The insulation is located between the door stiffeners

The drawing needs to show the exterior decoration of the door and the structural components necessary for this. For example, if one of the sides is planned to be covered with clapboard, wooden blocks are placed inside the canvas, to which the cladding is subsequently attached. If the sash is covered with paint or laminated film, there is no need to install bars, but attention is paid more attention plane of the canvas. The surface is thoroughly polished, eliminating metal leaks that form during welding.

Equipment and materials for making metal doors with your own hands

After the working sketches are completed, you need to prepare tools and materials. Here is the main list of equipment:

1. Electric drill with a set of metal drills. The sharpening angle of the drill should be 110–130°, tool steel, high strength, hardened. It is convenient to use a core to make a hole.

   Using a core and a hammer, a metal drilling point is prepared

2. Screwdrivers or a screwdriver with a set of necessary attachments, including Phillips and flat slots.
3. Welding machine, preferably injector type. Electrodes with a rod thickness of at least 2 mm.

   The power of the welding machine must correspond to the thickness of the metal of the door

4. Angle grinder (grinder) and cutting discs. You also need one scraping disc to remove metal deposits.
5. Vices and clamps for fixing structural elements during the assembly process. The solution of the working planes of the tool is selected based on the size of the workpieces.

   The clamp securely holds the workpiece while working with it

6. Metal files with fine structure.
7. Workbench or sawhorses.

   A mechanic's workbench simplifies and speeds up the assembly of a metal door

8. Tape measure, square, marker (or chalk) and other measuring tools.

   Having a variety of tools speeds up the assembly process

9. Hydraulic level or laser level.

As for materials, the set will vary depending on the door design. Here is the list for a standard product:

1. Steel (frontal) sheet measuring 1x2 m. Thickness from 1.5 to 3 mm. Cold-rolled steel is preferable, as its strength is higher.
2. Metal corner, size 35x35 mm, number 6 linear meters. Other options are possible depending on the dimensions and design of the door frame.

   The corner takes on the main load and does not allow the door leaf to deform

3. Profile pipe with rectangular cross-section 50x25 mm - 9 m. If the door is intended for a utility room, use reinforcement that is welded to the door leaf from the inside. At the same time, the pitch of the stiffening ribs is reduced, and the crossbars are placed more often.

   The size of the pipe must correspond to the thickness of the door leaf and insulation

4. Metal plates (thickness 2–3 mm and cross-section 400x40 mm) - 4 pcs. (for attaching the door frame to the walls of the opening).
5. Loops - from 2 to 4 pcs. Ball bearing supports are inserted into “advanced” models.

   Bearings facilitate and prolong the operation of hinges

6. Anchor bolts, diameter from 10 to 12 mm.
7. Polyurethane foam with a low coefficient of expansion, quick-setting.

   A special gun is used to direct foam into the gaps

8. Primer, anti-corrosion coating. Automotive primer has proven itself well.
9. Door furniture. Lock with escutcheons, handle, peephole, closer (the last two elements are optional). Locks are selected according to the functions of the door. Sometimes, to increase reliability, crossbar structures with three-sided fixation of the canvas are installed. Installing them is more difficult, but breaking such a door is much more difficult.

   The deadbolt lock secures the door leaf on three sides

Step-by-step instructions for assembling a metal door

It is advisable to adhere to the following sequence of work:

1. Metal corners are cut to specified sizes. The blanks are laid out on the workbench in a rectangle in the shape of the door frame. Control is carried out with a plumber's square and tape measure. All parts of the structure must be perpendicular to each other. The lengths of the diagonals can differ by no more than 1.5–2 mm. The permissible error in frame height is 2 mm. It is recommended to connect the corners to each other at an angle of 45 degrees.

   Plates are immediately welded to the frame, which will attach it to the wall.

2. The composite structure is welded. First, “potholders” are placed in all corners. Final measurements are being carried out. If all dimensions correspond to the working drawing, the box is finally welded. For convenience, clamps are used. Corner seams are processed with a grinder.

   Welding work should be carried out in a well-ventilated area or outdoors.

3. When the door frame is ready, the exact dimensions of the door leaf are measured (based not on the drawing, but on the specific dimensions of the frame). 10 mm is subtracted from all sides. To make the sash, a corner is cut, and a longitudinal hole is made at the location where the lock is installed. The grinding disc on the grinder is replaced with a cutting disc of the required thickness.
4. Inside the metal profile are placed wooden slats. With their help, future Finishing work doors.
5. In order to weld the hinges, the frame of the door leaf is inserted into the corners of the frame. The location of the canopies must be accurately measured and secured with clamps.

   Before fixing the hinges, you need to mount the frame of the door leaf

6. The remaining sash profiles are installed if the frame of the door leaf is congruent with the frame (minus technological gaps) and the hinges operate in the required mode.
7. A prepared metal sheet is welded onto the canvas frame. It is cut to size in such a way that there is 1 cm on each side of the flap, and 1.5 cm on the lock side. Before welding, fitting is carried out by placing the plate on the frame. If the calculated dimensions are met, the structure is turned over and the connections begin to be welded sequentially.

   The metal sheet is welded to the frame from the inside

8. First of all, part of the sheet is attached to the hinges (from the inside). Then the canvas is scalded around the entire perimeter.
9. The porch is being installed. To do this, a cover strip is attached to the inside of the sash with two seams.

   The narthex ensures the security of the door

10. On the inner plane of the canvas, stiffening ribs consisting of profile pipes are installed and secured.
11. Forging is carried out and the seams are cleaned of slag. The reliability of welded joints is checked. All irregularities need to be smoothed out. After this, the structure is coated with an anti-corrosion primer. Drying time is 24 hours.

    The seams are cleaned using an angle grinder and a file.

12. The lock and strike plate are installed, then door knob and other auxiliary fittings. When installing components, it is recommended to follow the instructions in the accompanying documents of the products.
13. Insulation, sound insulation, and decoration of the outer and inner surfaces of the door leaf are carried out.

A metal door is a means of securing your home, so it is reasonable to take precautions when making it. Grinder, hammer drill, welding - these useful tools, if handled carelessly, become dangerous to human health and life. The use of personal protective equipment - a respirator, a welder's mask, mittens, etc. - is a natural norm of work; it is unwise to forget about it. In addition, a fire extinguisher and a bucket of sand are required in the welding area.

Video: how to cook loops

Thermal insulation of a metal door

During the cold period, ice, drops of water or frost sometimes appear on metal doors. This indicates that the structure is freezing. Warm air from inside the room reaches metal surface and cools down sharply. As a result, condensation forms, which either drains or freezes and turns into ice. To prevent this from happening, the door leaf is insulated. Previously, they used synthetic winterizer or dermantin, but this did not bring effective results. Today the arsenal of insulation materials includes:

• Styrofoam;
• mineral and basalt wool;
• polyurethane.

Styrofoam

It is considered very good insulation, since it contains 98% air, “sealed” in plastic bubbles. The advantages include ease of installation, low price and absolute resistance to corrosion. Most industrially manufactured doors are equipped with foam plastic or its modification - penoplex. In addition to thermal insulation properties, the material has good sound absorption. Disadvantages include fusibility and release large quantities toxic gases during combustion and heating. Therefore, it is not recommended for installation directly in residential premises. Ideal place locations - entrance doors of garages, warehouses, multi-storey buildings.

Polystyrene foam reduces the thermal conductivity of metal doors in garages and utility rooms

Video: insulating a garage door with foam plastic

This category includes basalt and glass wool. They differ in the source raw materials - basalt is made from rocks, and glass wool is made from sand and glass, stretched into thin long fibers. There is no noticeable difference in thermal insulation properties, but glass wool is more environmentally friendly. Both materials are characterized by high fire safety and ease of installation.

When laying mineral wool inside metal doors, certain rules must be followed. For example, you cannot crush mats between the stiffening ribs - this reduces thermal insulation characteristics. The material must be cut with an accuracy of 1–2 mm.

Mineral insulation is available both in the form of mats and in the form of rolls of various thicknesses

A significant disadvantage of mineral wool for insulating a metal door is its hygroscopicity. The fact is that with a large difference in air temperatures on both sides of the door, the dew point shifts into the inner space of the door leaf. This leads to the fact that condensed excess moisture is immediately absorbed by the fibers. Over time, water accumulates and the thermal insulation characteristics decrease to 80%. This scenario can be avoided using additional vapor barrier film, which is attached over the entire area of ​​the sash. A hydrobarrier neutralizes the effect of moisture accumulation, but there is no complete guarantee. It is for this reason that mineral wool insulation is recommended for doors that are not exposed to significant temperature changes. For example, at the entrance to an apartment.

Video: insulating a metal door with mineral wool

Polyurethane, or inflatable insulation

Quite expensive, but efficient technology. The internal cavity of the door leaf is filled with polyurethane foam. Cured polyurethane is a synthetic substance that is not subject to corrosion and is an excellent heat insulator. The difficulty is that for inflation you need special industrial equipment that combines a diffuser and a compressor. But using foam from household spray cans is too expensive.

The polyurethane coating is not afraid of water and is a hard, sealed layer

Regardless of the chosen material, preparation for insulation consists of planning the locations of the stiffeners. Experts recommend placing them in such a way that the insulation is securely held inside the sash without additional fastening. That is, the crossbars are placed not only vertically or horizontally, but they are also combined so that the insulation does not sag over time.

The cotton wool is placed tightly between the stiffening ribs inside the door leaf

Stages of installing insulation on the door leaf

Experts advise installing insulation in doors that are in a horizontal position - on a table or trestle. The key to successful thermal insulation is careful laying of the entire surface and minimizing gaps. The process is performed before sewing up the inside of the fabric:

1. The dimensions of the frame cell are measured.
2. Insulation blanks are cut out with an error of maximum 2 mm (in the larger direction).
3. The material is placed in the sash:
   • if polystyrene foam is used as insulation, several points (4–5) are applied to the surface of the workpiece liquid nails, the resulting cracks are leveled with polyurethane foam;
   • when insulating with mineral wool, a waterproofing film is first laid over the entire area of ​​the door, with a release (reserve), then the insulation is laid out and covered with another layer of film, the edges of which are folded into a single “cocoon”, only after that the door is sewn up from the outside (to enhance the impermeability air, the edges of the membrane are carefully taped).

Video: how to insulate a metal door with foam plastic

Insulation of the door frame

For good insulation, it is necessary to insulate the door frame. The method depends on the design of the frame, which may consist of an all-metal frame or a hollow profile. This is not difficult to do. Polyurethane foam from a household spray can is poured into the profile. If necessary, holes are drilled on the surface along the diameter of the tube into which polyurethane is blown. It fills all free space.

The internal cavity of the frame is filled with foam

It will not be possible to insulate an all-metal frame in this way, so you need to carefully treat the gap between the frame and the doorway with foam.

An innovative means of insulating a metal door is the insulating paint of the “Akterm” series, produced on the basis of modern nanotechnology. The composition includes microscopic ceramic balls (several microns in size). A 1 mm layer of paint is equivalent in its thermal insulation characteristics to 5 cm of polystyrene foam. The disadvantage is the rather high price and difficult application of the composition to the metal surface.

Video: insulating door frames with mineral wool

Soundproofing a metal door

An important property front door is the ability to contain noise from outside. Metal doesn't help in this regard. On the contrary, it enhances sounds. Therefore, the door is supplemented with special internal and external coatings that reduce the level of penetrating noise.

External coating

This is done using sound-absorbing and vibration-proofing materials. These include:

• polystyrene;
• vibroplast;
• bitoplast;
• bimast.

These are synthetic coatings, they are a canvas that actively dampens any sounds and vibrations.

Sound-absorbing materials consist of several layers of different densities

The work order is as follows:

1. The material must be spread over the surface to be insulated and smoothed. Some types are equipped with an adhesive layer; it is enough to free them from protective film and press it against the plane of the door.
2. For others, you need to first clean and degrease the canvas. Then evenly distribute the waterproof glue, cover the surface with the material and wait until it dries completely. It is advisable to paste both from the outside and from the inside.

Installation of seal

The product is simple but effective. Previously, felt was used as a sealant; today there is a wide range of ready-made rubber and caoutchouc products. There are no installation difficulties, you just need to remove the protective covering and carefully stick the profiled strip along the perimeter of the sash. Its width should not be more than 25% of the size of the door frame support strip. The thickness is chosen so that when compressed (with the doors closed) the seal is reduced by half.

The seal consists of rubber tubes of a special section

Metal door finishing

The exterior decoration of the door performs two important tasks. Hides the unsightly appearance of bare metal and protects the canvas from exposure to adverse factors. It is especially important to protect the steel surface from excessive moisture, as this can cause corrosion.

The choice of finishing materials is huge. But the most popular are:

• MDF panels;
• leather vinyl;
• solid wood.

Microwood fiber (MDF) is a mixture of wood and carbide chips compressed under high temperature and pressure. The material retains the color, texture and tactility of wood, but is not inferior to plastic in strength and elasticity. The big advantage of MDF panels is their low price. However, this type of finishing belongs to the “premium” class and, from an aesthetic point of view, is not inferior to natural solid wood.

An entrance door finished with MDF is difficult to distinguish from natural wood

Professionals also note a number of other advantages of MDF:

• high heat and sound insulation;
• increased fire resistance, fire safety;
• combination of high strength and ease of processing;
• resistance to influence biological factors: mold, mildew, dampness;
• environmentally friendly, the boards do not contain toxic and harmful chemicals.

IN retail networks You can find four types of MDF panels:

• painted with RAL dye;
• coated with a polymer-based composition;
• laminated panels;
• veneered products.

In addition to products in the form of sheets, there is a wide range of additional decorative door elements - trims, extensions, etc.

Leather vinyl is a type of exterior finishing made from artificial materials that imitate natural leather. This group also includes vinyl artificial leather and dermantine. If the covering technology and operation are followed, the cladding retains its properties for a long time. Kozhvinil is a champion among inexpensive ways to protect doors from noise and hypothermia. Easy to clean with regular cleaning products.

Disadvantages include the flammability of the material and vulnerability to vandalism. It is customary to drape a door in this way in interior spaces. Contact with open air and direct sun rays quickly leads to loss of color and gloss of the coating.

One of the solutions for finishing a metal door in the middle price range is covering the door with anti-vandal film. This wonderful product is not produced in Russia, so its price is high. The most popular is the film from Israel from Vinorit. PVC coating has a variety of colors, textures and thicknesses. Resistant to ultraviolet radiation, mechanical damage and fire.

Natural solid wood is the most expensive type of finish for iron doors. The overlay panel is made by gluing wood lumber and their further processing: grinding, milling, polishing, etc. Expensive wood species are used for production - oak, beech, mahogany, alder, ash. As a rule, the form of release of a solid wood panel is an overlay with a thickness of 18 mm. This allows you to inlay the surface with various “subjects”. Often the outer metal cladding imitates the paneled structure of the sash. It is possible to apply ornaments, drawings and other decorative elements. In the factory, wood is not only coated with paint or varnish, but also impregnated with special compounds, thanks to which the material becomes resistant to the adverse effects of the atmosphere, does not dry out and almost does not burn.

Solid wood compares favorably with other finishing materials:

• elegance of appearance;
• absolute naturalness and environmental friendliness;
• durability;
• increased performance in terms of thermal insulation and sound absorption;
• possibility of restoration.

Oak flooring only becomes more beautiful over the years

The entrance metal door, lined with natural wood, is a symbol of respectability. Most often found in expensive restaurants, five-star hotels, reputable organizations and offices of large companies.

Video: interior decoration of a metal door

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• Introduction
• 1.2 Inverter arc power supplies
• 1.3 Selecting electrodes and welding mode
• 2.1 Classification of doors
• 2.2 Procedure for assembling a metal door
• 3. Occupational safety
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Introduction
• In this course work, I will try to explain in detail the procedure for assembling and installing a metal door using manual arc welding.

Connected together by welding various metals, their alloys, some ceramic materials, plastics, glasses and dissimilar materials. The main application is welding of metals and their alloys in the construction of new structures, repair of various products, machines and mechanisms, and the creation of two-layer materials. Metals of any thickness can be welded. The strength of the welded joint in most cases is not inferior to the strength of the whole metal.

The connection during welding is achieved due to the emergence of atomic-molecular bonds between elementary particles connected bodies. The bringing together of atoms is hampered by the roughness of the surfaces in the places where the parts are to be joined, and the presence of contaminants in the form of oxides on them.

Depending on the methods used to eliminate the reasons that hinder the achievement strong connection, all existing types of welding (and there are about 70 of them) can be classified into three main groups - pressure welding (solid state welding), fusion welding (liquid state welding) and fusion and pressure welding (liquid-solid state welding).

In fusion welding, the connection of parts is achieved by local melting of the metal of the welded elements - the base metal - along the edges at the point of contact or the base and additional metals and wetting the solid metal with liquid. The molten base or base and additional metals spontaneously (spontaneously) merge without the application of external force, forming a common so-called weld pool. As the heat source is removed, solidification occurs - crystallization of the metal of the weld pool and the formation of a seam connecting the parts into one whole. The weld metal in all types of fusion welding has a cast structure.

Powerful heating sources are used to melt the metal. Depending on the nature of the heat source, a distinction is made between electric and chemical fusion welding: in electric welding, the initial heat source is electric current; in chemical welding, the exothermic reaction of combustion of gases (gas welding) or a powdery combustible mixture (thermite welding) is used as a heat source.

• Goal of the work:
• Study the features of assembly and installation of a metal door made of sheet and corner steel St3.
• Tasks: learn to choose the right sizes, necessary materials, amperage and welding methods for assembling and installing a metal door.
• Relevance. Doors of this type are widely in demand in production facilities, warehouses, basements, garages, technical rooms, as well as multi-apartment buildings, as the entrance door to apartments and entrances.
• 1. General information about the steel used. selection of arc power source, electrodes and welding mode
• 1.1 General information about the steel used
• Steel is an alloy of iron with carbon and/or other elements. Steel contains no more than 2.14% carbon. In this case, we use steel grade St3, which means carbon structural steel of ordinary quality (see Table 1).
• Table 1

Substitute
Classification	Structural carbon steel of ordinary quality
Application:	load-bearing and non-load-bearing elements of welded and non-welded structures and parts operating at positive temperatures. Shaped and sheet metal up to 10 mm thick for load-bearing elements of welded structures operating under variable loads in the range from -40 to +425 °C. Rolled products from 10 to 25 mm - for load-bearing elements of welded structures operating at temperatures from -40 to +425°C, subject to delivery with guaranteed weldability.
Chemical composition in % of steel grade 3 (St3sp)

1.2 Inverter arc power supplies

Selecting a power source welding inverter in such cases, it is carried out from autonomous generators of various types. Incorrect selection of an autonomous generator as an external power source for a welding inverter can lead to its rapid failure. When choosing a generator, it is not enough to limit yourself to just selecting power. There are other characteristics of an external autonomous generator that are not compatible with the operating characteristics of the inverter.

Powering the welding inverter from an external city or power network does not cause incompatibilities that affect the operation of the welding inverter. All welding units available on store shelves are adapted specifically for mains power. The input rectifier unit at the input of the welding converter is designed to operate with a frequency of 50 Hz and a voltage of 220 or 380 volts, i.e. with a regular or power network.

The discrepancy in the operation of the generator and inverter arises due to the difference in the nature of the load. When the inverter operates, they carry a capacitive component. Generators, in turn, are designed for active-inductive consumers, and when the load current increases, they compensate for the voltage drop. In this case, when the current increases due to the capacitive component of the load, the inverter has its own voltage increase, and the current feedback from the generator, compensating the voltage from the load, causes an even greater increase in voltage in the inverter module. An overvoltage that occurs with increasing intensity can lead to failure of the device or a decrease in the operating resources of the electronic circuit.

A similar situation does not arise when welding rectifiers and transformers made according to power circuits are connected to an autonomous generator. Their active-inductive load is fully compatible with the operating characteristics of generators of all types of excitation. For inverters, it is possible to use generators with increased power. With a power reserve of two times, it is possible to avoid an increase in voltage at the generator when the inverter is operating. The second option is to use special generators designed for active-capacitive loads. This can provide voltage reduction idle move at the generator and increase the current frequency to 52Hz.

If the generator power reserve is insufficient, then it is better to use an external network to connect the welding inverter for operation.

In this work I used the Brima ARC 250 inverter type welding machine designed for manual arc welding and stick electrode surfacing on DC steel products in industrial and domestic conditions. It features stable, reliable and efficient operation, portability and low noise during welding process. Features of the ARC 250 are high efficiency, low energy consumption, mobility, excellent dynamic properties, arc stability, low open circuit voltage, self-regulation of arc power, and the ability to meet various welding requirements.

Adjusting the arc force (short circuit current) allows you to optimally select the depth of metal penetration and avoid increased metal spattering and (or) electrode sticking.

1.3 Selecting electrodes and welding mode

When fusion arc welding, consumable electrodes are used, made of cold-drawn calibrated or hot-rolled wire with a diameter of 0.3-12 mm, or flux-cored wire. Electrode strips and plates are also used as electrodes. Electrodes are classified according to material, purpose for welding certain steels, the thickness of the coating applied to the rod, types of coating, the nature of the slag formed during melting, the technical properties of the weld metal, etc. A certain composition is applied to all electrodes - a coating.

The general purpose of electrode coatings is to ensure stability of the welding arc and obtain weld metal with predetermined properties. The most important properties are ductility, strength, impact strength, and corrosion resistance. The coating performs many important functions.

Firstly, it is gas protection of the welding zone and molten metal, which is formed during the combustion of gas-forming substances. It protects the molten metal from exposure to oxygen and nitrogen. Such substances are introduced into the coating in the form of wood flour, cellulose, and cotton fabric.

Secondly, deoxidation of the weld pool metal by elements that have a greater affinity for oxygen than iron. These elements include manganese, titanium, molybdenum, chromium, silicon, aluminum, and graphite. Deoxidizers are included in the coating not in pure form, but in the form of ferroalloys.

Thirdly, slag protection. The slag coating reduces the rate of cooling and hardening of the weld metal, thereby facilitating the release of gas and non-metallic inclusions. The slag-forming components of coatings are titanium and manganese ores, kaolin, marble, quartz sand, dolomite, feldspar, etc.

Fourthly, alloying the weld metal to give it special properties (increasing mechanical properties, wear resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance). Chromium, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, and titanium are used as alloying components.

In addition, to increase welding productivity, iron powder is introduced into the electrode coatings. This powder facilitates re-ignition of the arc, reduces the cooling rate of the deposited metal, which has a beneficial effect on welding at low temperatures. The powder content can reach up to 60% of the coating mass. To fix the coating on the electrode rod, binders such as liquid glass are used. To give the coating better plastic properties, forming additives are introduced into it, such as bentonite, kaolin, dextrin, mica, etc.

Depending on the materials being welded, all electrodes are divided into the following groups: L - for welding alloyed structural steels with a tensile strength of over 600 MPa - five types (E70, E85, E100, E125, E150); U - for welding carbon and low-carbon structural steels; B - for welding high-alloy steels with special properties; T - for welding alloyed heat-resistant steels - 9 types; N - for surfacing surface layers with special properties - 44 types. The guaranteed tensile strength of the weld metal is indicated by numbers in the electrode brand. For example, the name of the electrode, designated E42, indicates that it is intended for arc welding; the minimum tensile strength of the weld metal is 42 kgf/mm 2 .

The choice of the diameter of the electrode for welding is carried out depending on the thickness of the metal being welded, its grade and chemical composition, the shape of the edges, the welding position, and the type of connection. The main features of the different electrode diameters include:

1. Welding electrodes 1 mm - designed to work with metal whose thickness is 1-1.5 mm, with a current of 20-25A;

2. Welding electrodes 1.6 mm - in accordance with GOST 9466-75 for low-carbon and alloy steel, are available in two sizes 200 or 250 mm, used for working with metals whose thickness is from 1 to 2 mm with a current strength of 25-50A;

3. Welding electrodes 2 mm - according to GOST 9466-75 for low-carbon and alloy steel, they are made 250 mm long, a length of 300 mm is also allowed, the thickness of the metals being welded is from 1 to 2 mm, the current strength is 50-70A;

4. Welding electrodes 2.5 mm - according to GOST 9466-75 for low-carbon and alloy steel are produced in lengths of 250-300 mm, a length of 350 mm is also allowed, the thickness of the metals being welded is from 1 to 3 mm, the current strength is 70-100A;

5. Welding electrodes 3 mm - the most widely used electrode diameter, in accordance with GOST 9466-75 for low-carbon and alloy steel, are available in three sizes 300, 350 and 450 mm, designed to work with metals whose thickness is from 2 to 5 mm with current strength 70-140A;

6. Welding electrodes 4 mm - a widely used diameter suitable for work on both professional and household equipment. Produced in accordance with GOST9466-75 in two sizes 350 and 450 mm for any types of steel, for metals whose thickness is from 2 to 10 mm with a current strength of 100-220A;

7. Welding electrodes 5 mm - electrodes of this diameter require sufficiently powerful welding equipment. In accordance with GOST 9466-75, they are manufactured with a length of 450 mm for low-carbon and alloy steel, and a length of 350 mm is also allowed for high-alloy steel. Designed to work with metals whose thickness is from 4 to 15 mm with a current of 150-280A;

8. Welding electrodes 6 mm - designed for use on professional equipment. According to GOST9466-75, it is produced in a length of 450 mm for low-carbon and alloy steel, and for high-alloy steel, a length of 350 mm is also allowed. Designed to work with metals whose thickness is from 4 to 15 mm with a current strength of 230-370A;

9. Welding electrodes 8-12 mm - for work on high-performance industrial equipment. In accordance with GOST 9466-75, it is produced in a length of 450 mm for low-carbon and alloy steel, and for high-alloy steel, a length of 350 mm is also allowed. Designed to work with metals whose thickness is over 8 mm with a current strength of 450A;

It should be noted that for a certain electrode diameter, the current range for each brand of electrode is different. For example, with an electrode diameter of 3 mm for UONI 13/55 the current is 70-100A, and for MP-3 the current is 80-140A.

If manual arc welding is carried out, then it is performed in 2-3 layers, since multilayer welding provides deep penetration of the root and increases the density of the welded joint. This method is used with and without rotation of the welded joints. To avoid metal burn-through, it is recommended to weld the first layer with electrodes with a diameter of 4 mm at a welding current of 120-140 A. The layers should be welded in one direction with a gradual rotation of the welded section. If a non-rotating joint is welded, then welding is carried out when connecting the sections into one string and the final installation of the pipeline. The order of applying welds is as follows: the first layers are welded from bottom to top; subsequent seams - from top to bottom. Locks, or closing areas in adjacent layers of the seam, should be spaced from each other at a distance of approximately 60-100 mm; in the ceiling part of the seam it is convenient to finish welding at a distance of 50-70 mm from the bottom point of the pipe. If it is impossible to weld non-rotating joints, then a combined method is used. With this method, the joint is welded with the insert, while the lower part of the seam is welded from the inside; the upper part of the seam is welded from the outside. The type of electrodes used is the same as when welding rotary joints. If main pipelines are being laid, then manual welding is carried out only when applying the first layer of seam.

Welding mode refers to the main indicators that determine the welding process, which are established on the basis of initial data and must be performed to obtain a welded joint of the required quality, size and shape established by the project. These indicators for manual arc welding include: brand of electrode, its diameter, strength and type of welding current, polarity with direct current, number of layers in the seam. For a multilayer weld - the diameter of the electrode and the current strength for the first and subsequent layers, as well as other characteristics. To determine the welding mode, initial data are used, for example, the grade and thickness of the base metal, the length and shape of the welds, design requirements for the quality of the welds (electrode type), and the position of the seams in space.

Depending on the brand of metal being welded and its thickness, the type and brand of electrodes are selected. The diameter of the electrode is selected depending on the welding position and the thickness of the metal. In the lower welding position, the diameter of the electrode can be determined based on the relationship between the diameter of the electrode and the thickness of the metal being welded

The cross-sectional area of ​​multi-layer seams is usually given in the Unified Standards and Prices for Welding Work, from which the number of layers (passes) of a multi-layer seam can be easily determined.

Welding mode. In this work we use the electrode brand UONI 13/55, the electrode diameter is 3 mm. The position of the seam in space is vertical, bottom and ceiling. Current 75 - 100 A (depending on the position of the seam in space)

When welding in a vertical position, the current decreases by 10-20%, when welding horizontal seams - by 15-20% and when welding ceiling seams - by 20-25%. When welding in the lower position, the current strength will be equal to 100A, in the vertical position 80 - 100A, and when welding in the ceiling position, the current strength will be equal to 75 -80A.

The welding speed (arc movement) largely depends on the qualifications of the welder and his ability to conduct the welding process with breaks only for changing the electrode. In addition, the welding speed is influenced by the deposition rate of the electrodes used and the strength of the welding current. The higher the deposition rate and the higher the current, the faster the arc moves and, therefore, the welding speed increases. It should be borne in mind that an arbitrary increase in current may cause overheating of the electrode.

steel electrode welding door

2. Classification of doors. metal entrance door manufacturing technology

2.1 Classification of doors

I. Based on materials:

Wooden,

Aluminum,

Steel,

Plastic,

Combined.

II. By opening method

1. Swing

They can open in one direction or both. Both internal and external doors can be hinged.

2. Sliding

Sliding doors are widely used for wardrobes. Sliding doors go into a cavity inside the wall or move parallel to it.

3. Rocking

They swing open in both directions, like in the subway, and pets love them. But they are almost never found on sale, only in specialized stores.

III. By purpose they are distinguished:

1. Doors for residential buildings

2. Doors for public buildings

3. Special doors (shockproof, bulletproof, burglar-proof)

Door designs are different and depend on the requirements placed on them. Both in Russia and abroad, they produce doors that open inside the room.

2.2 Procedure for assembling a metal door

1. First of all, we weld the door threshold onto the tack.

2. Marking and cutting sheet steel.

2.1. We will need 2 leaves for a large and a small door. We draw marking lines on sheet steel using a metric tape measure and chalk. (Fig. 1. a, b).

2.2. Using an angle grinder, we cut out the 1st blade from sheet steel 3 mm thick, 900 mm wide and 1980 mm long and the 2nd blade 1980 mm long and 490 mm wide (Fig. 2.).

a b

Fig.1.

Fig.2.

2.3. Marking and cutting angle steel. They will serve as stiffening ribs for the product. We cut out the corner steel, which will be positioned vertically, for the 1st large and for the 2nd door leaf of the same length of 1980mm. Next, the mode is horizontal corners, short for a small door 485mm long and long 870mm: (Fig. 3.).

Fig.3.

3 Assembling the door on tacks using 3mm W electrodes, grade UONI-13/45

1.1. We weld the stops to the threshold, at a distance of 10 mm from the butt (Fig. 4. a, b)

a b

Fig.4.

We grab the stiffeners. First, we grab the longitudinal ribs (Fig. 5. a.), then the transverse ones (Fig. 5. b, c.) The distance from the channel wall should not exceed (5 mm). Tacks should be 35-50 mm long, at a distance of 150-200 mm. We do the same with the second, small door leaf.

a B C

Fig.5.

1.2. We weld the embedded plates onto which the hinges will be welded. Their length should slightly exceed the length of the hinge cup. In order for everything to be smooth on the channel, we weld 2 plates, one on top of the other, they should deviate from the door leaf by about 5-6 mm, and on the door leaf we weld 1 plate, the distance from the edge is 2-3 mm. We process the plates: (Fig. 5.).

a b

Fig.6.

1.3. We weld the hinges to the finished embedded plates: (Fig. 7.).

Fig.7.

1.4. We insert the lock. We cut through the keyhole (Fig. 8, a). In order to fix it, we use angle steel (Fig. 8, b) and fasten the lock with self-cuts: (Fig. 8, c).

a B C

Fig.8.

1.5. We clean the seams from slag and splashes. We perform a visual inspection of welds. If defects are detected, we cut out the required section of the weld and weld it again.

Defects and their elimination. Defects in welded joints must be eliminated in the following ways: detected breaks in seams and craters are welded; seams with other defects exceeding the permissible ones are removed to the length of the defective area plus 15 mm on each side and welded again; undercuts of the base metal that exceed the permissible ones are cleaned and welded, followed by cleaning, ensuring a smooth transition from the deposited metal to the base metal.

Residual deformations of structures that arise after welding and exceed values ​​must be corrected. Correction must be carried out using thermal, mechanical or thermomechanical methods.

ITK on the topic: “Technological process of manufacturing a metal entrance door”

table 2

	Technological map of welding works
	Name	Quantity
	Equipment: rectifier	VDM 1001, RB-302
	Tool:	- Metal ruler; - Square; - angle grinder - Metal brush; - External control panels; - Slag separator; Electrode holder.
	Materials:	Electrodes brand UONI-13/45
			Total wall thickness	Current strength, A	Electrode diameter in mm	Seam length, mm	Number of points	Qualification category
	Installing the door threshold.
	Mark and cut 2 door leaves and stiffeners according to the required door dimensions.
	We assemble the structure. We install stops. We weld the door leaf on tacks and fix it. To do this, we install supports under the canvas on which the canvas will stand.
	Attach the stiffening ribs to the door leaf. Electrode Ш 3 mm UONI-13/45. The length of the tacks is 35-50 mm.
	We weld the embedded plates on which the hinges will be welded. We process the plates.
	We weld the hinges to the finished overhead plates.
	Let's start installing the lock. Keyhole mode. In order to secure it, we use angle steel and fasten the lock with self-tapping screws
	Cleaning seams from slag and splashes
		Execution order
	Perform a visual inspection of welds.	1. Detection of external defects; 2. Removal of defective areas; 3. Correction of defects.

3. Occupational safety

When arc welding and cutting, the welder is exposed to factors such as harmful gases, fumes and irradiation from the welding arc. There is also a danger of electric shock. In addition, during operation, volatile compounds in the form of dust arise. It contains substances harmful to human health such as oxides of manganese, silicon, iron, chromium, and fluorine. The most harmful are chromium and manganese. When welding, the air is polluted with oxides of nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen fluoride. Inhaling such polluted air is fraught with various health problems for a person. They are expressed by headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and general weakness. In addition, toxic substances can be deposited in the tissues of the human body and cause various diseases. Working with coated electrodes causes the most air pollution; less harmful emissions during automatic welding. The effect of all these harmful factors can be significantly weakened or neutralized if safety measures are applied in each specific case.

To create favorable working conditions that meet the physiological needs of the human body, sanitary standards establish optimal and permissible meteorological conditions in work area premises.

The microclimate in work areas is regulated in accordance with the sanitary rules and standards set out in “SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises."

Production premises are enclosed spaces in specially designed buildings and structures in which people’s labor activities are constantly or periodically carried out.

The workplace in which the microclimate is normalized is the area of ​​the room (or the entire room) in which labor activity is carried out during a work shift or part of it.

The work area is limited to a height of 2 meters above the level of the floor or platform where the workplaces are located.

The calculation of sanitary and hygienic premises is carried out according to SNiP 2.09.04-87. To calculate household premises, information about the group of production processes according to sanitary characteristics is required.

Organization of the workplace. Depending on the nature of the work, welding can be carried out while staying in one place or periodically moving around the work site. Therefore, the welder’s workplace can be either mobile or permanent. Regardless of this, there is a strictly defined set necessary equipment and tools. Among them are: power supply, welding transformer, welding leads, electrode holder, face shield, canvas protective clothing, fencing shields, fire extinguishing equipment, necessary tools, asbestos sheet. If welding work is carried out in a cabin, then it is better to paint the walls of the cabin in a light gray color.

This type of coloring promotes better absorption of ultraviolet rays. In addition, the cabin must have good lighting and ventilation. According to fire safety requirements, floors must be made of brick, concrete or cement. The dimensions of the cabin are 2 x 2.5 m. Its walls are made of thin metal, plywood, tarpaulin. Both plywood and tarpaulin are impregnated with a fire-resistant compound. The welder's work table should not exceed a height of 0.6-0.7 m. The material of the table top is thick sheet steel. Fiber masks and shields protect the welder's eyes and face from harmful radiation. Inner side body shields and masks should have a matte smooth black surface. Dark green filters (type C) also provide radiation protection.

If welding work is performed with coated electrodes, then it is better to choose the following filters: at a current of 100 A - filter C 5, 200 A - C 6, 300 A - C 7, 400 A - C 8, 500-600 A - C 9. If welding is carried out in carbon dioxide at a current of 50-100 A, then use a light filter C 1, 100-150 A -- C 2, 150-250 A -- C 3, 250-300 A -- C 4, 300 -400 A -- C 5. Electrical holders are needed to secure the electrode and supply current to it during manual arc welding. There are electric holders of passage, screw, spring, lever and other types. Electric holders allow you to fix the electrode in one of three positions: at an angle of 0, 45, 90° relative to the longitudinal axis of the handle.

Conclusion

In this work, we got acquainted with one of the methods of the technical process of assembling and welding a metal door.

We got acquainted with the features of welding, defects and their elimination. We learned what the procedure for assembling a metal door should be, learned welding methods and how to choose the right electrodes and welding mode to improve efficiency.

Bibliography

1. Adaskin A.M., Materials science (metalworking): textbook. Guide for beginners prof. Education / A.M. Adaskin, V.M. Zuev. - 5th edition, revised. and additional - M.: Publishing center "Academy", 2011. - 288 p.

2. Andreev V.V. Inverter power sources for the welding arc // Welder, 2012. No. 6. pp. 25-29.

3. Smirnov V.V.: Equipment for arc welding. 2011

4. Chuloshnikov P.L. Textbook for prof. training. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 2011.

5. Peshkovsky O.I. Manufacturing technology of metal structures: Textbook. for technical schools.-- 3rd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Stroyizdat, 2012. - 350 p.

6. Kulikov O.N. Occupational safety during welding work. - M.: Academy, 2013.

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