Drilling and reaming technology. How to drill metal correctly - learn how to make holes of various diameters Equipment for drilling holes in metal

Good mood to everyone! Today we’ll look at the issue of drilling precise holes in solid metal with a drill. The topic may seem quite simple, but still, there are certain secrets of skill, having mastered which you will drill holes with particular ease.

Drilling holes in metal using a drill and special tools.

At home, it is often necessary to drill holes in metal to install fasteners and other mechanical parts. Although using a conventional hand-held electric drill in some cases it is possible to drill holes quite accurately, however, to obtain High Quality For work, a vertical drilling machine should be used. To change the rotation speed of the machine, you need to move the drive belt from one pulley to another.

Drill selection.

Regardless of the drilling device used, the size and shape drilled hole determined by the drill used. A cylindrical hole (sometimes not entirely correct geometrically) is usually drilled with a twist drill. This drill is a pointed metal cylinder with a spiral channel running along the axis of the drill. IN soft metals In aluminum and copper, for example, these drills often produce holes with jagged edges. To drill such metals, you can use a drill for sheet material, which is made in the form of a cone and has one cutting edge on the side.

Holes in metal should always be drilled using high-speed drills. Made from the hardest steels, these drill bits range in diameter from 0.5mm to 25mm or more.

Marking of drills and design features.

One of the options for marking drills (according to sizes) is to indicate their diameter in millimeters. For drilling recesses big size Instead of a drill, you can install a hole saw - a cylinder with teeth that can cut holes up to 150 mm in size and up to two-thirds the height of the saw itself. You can also use a special drill, which differs from the usual one by the presence of an elongated L-shaped cutting edge. Special drills are available for drilling conical or cylindrical recesses for the heads of fasteners, such as bolts, rivets or screws.

To give the drilled hole precise geometric dimensions, provided that the diameter of this hole does not exceed 35 mm, it is necessary to process it with a reamer. This processing is done manually or on a machine. Hand reamers are straight drills with four or more cutting edges that gradually machine as they rotate inner surface holes. Machine reamers are installed in vertical drilling machines.

Precise drilling of metal on a machine.

When drilling precise holes, you should always use a special cutting fluid that reduces friction and cools the drill during operation. In addition, it is necessary to use clamps and a vice for precise, stationary installation of the workpiece. When marking the drilling site, you should use a center punch, with which a small depression is made at the drilling site.

When drilling on a machine, to determine the position of the hole, you need to use a ruler to draw two short lines intersecting at right angles in the center of the hole. To prevent the drill from slipping, it is necessary to make a small depression in the found center using a center punch and a hammer.

Determination of tool rotation parameters.

Determine the required rotation speed and set the machine to rotate at this speed. To set the rotation speed, you need to open the casing cover and loosen the belt tension by unscrewing the handle that secures the motor in the casing. To change the speed, the engine moves forward and the belt is moved from one level of pulleys to another in accordance with the necessary change in speeds, which are determined from the nameplate or operating instructions. The lowest speed is achieved when the belt is placed in its lowest position - between the smallest motor pulley and the largest spindle pulley. On the contrary, the highest speed is achieved when the belt is installed in the uppermost pulleys. Next, you need to make sure that the belt is tensioned horizontally between the pulleys, move the engine to its original position and tighten the knob securing the engine to the casing.

Setting up tools and fixtures.

Before drilling begins, the drill is installed in the chuck and tightened. Don't forget to adjust the vertical movement of the spindle by lowering the drill along the workpiece and moving the stopper to the desired point on the graduated stopper movement scale. The spindle rises to a height sufficient to install the workpiece under the drill and is fixed in this position. The workpiece is moved so that the intended hole is exactly under the drill. The workpiece is securely clamped before drilling begins.

Subsequently, it is necessary to lower the spindle sleeve lock and turn on the drilling machine. Squeeze a drop of coolant and lubricant onto the recess, lower the drill with the lever and start drilling. Even pressure should be applied during operation. A brush is used to remove shavings and sawdust. The appearance of smoke from the drilled hole indicates the need to check the color of the metal shavings. They should be white or straw yellow. Blue color means overheating. In this case, you need to add cutting fluid or reduce the rotation speed. After finishing drilling, you must slowly release the feed handle and turn off the machine.

Drilling precise holes in metal with a hand drill.

If there is no need to maintain the precision that a vertical drilling machine provides, you can use a powerful hand-held electric drill. However, if this drill is not multi-speed, then when drilling holes in metal, it should be turned on for short periods of time by briefly pressing the switch in succession.

The key to success in most cases depends on how you hold the drill. Before drilling begins, the workpiece is clamped in a vice or pressed firmly to the table. Then, without turning on the drill, the end of the drill is installed on the point marked with the center punch. To increase the starting point, you can manually rotate the drill chuck several times while pressing on the drill bit. After applying the cutting fluid, the voltage will turn on. The drill body is held motionless by the left hand, right hand the tool itself is pressed when the drill starts to increase speed. If possible, place a vertical square next to the drill to make it easier to install the drill in a vertical position. This will make it easier to drill precise holes.

If the drill cannot go deep into the surface of the metal workpiece, use a center punch to make a second, larger hole in the the right point.

Safety precautions when working with a hand drill.

When working with drills, you cannot neglect the rules. To prevent the risk of accidents when drilling metal products, the following instructions must be strictly adhered to:

It is prohibited to drill a product that is held only by hands;
It is forbidden to work with dissolute long hair or wearing loose clothing that is not fastened, as well as wearing gloves, since there is a danger of the glove material being caught by the drill;
Safety glasses should not be neglected;
Before turning on the machine, make sure that the drill in the chuck is tightened tightly and the key is removed.

Perhaps we'll end here. Drilling precise holes in metal is useful not only at home but also when performing industrial tasks.

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Andrey was with you!

Metalworking is performed with special cutting tools, using machines and mechanisms. Drilling holes in metal is not an easy task. This technological operation requires basic knowledge of the material, machines and cutting technology. Sometimes it can be difficult to select a drill taking into account to varying degrees metal hardness and select cutting modes.

Required Tools

Professional metal drills(eg Bosch, Makita, Metabo or Hawera) are made exclusively from HSS. Some are coated with a protective layer, which increases their wear resistance when drilling.

Hand tools - drills and drill bits should be selected carefully. If you have no experience in this area, you should seek advice from a store employee. It's not always about buying an expensive drill high class guarantees its long service life.

Compliance with hole production technology in metal and a correctly selected drill significantly increases its service life and protects against premature wear. Basic rules for operating cutting tools:

Selection suitable type a gimlet for drilling metal of a certain hardness. Many manufacturers have developed entire programs using which you can select the appropriate tool.
Selecting cutting modes, setting the correct rotation speed.
Correctly selected feed, application of appropriate pressure force on cutting tool.
Application of cooling. An oil-based emulsion is recommended.
Proper fastening of the material (for example, in a vice).
Attaching the drill to the stand is precise and perpendicular.
Use of an expanded set of gaskets when drilling through holes.

Technological process

Drilling is the process of removing small parts of the material being processed, chips, using a drill. During drilling, the temperature of the workpiece increases. The cutting force leads to damage, the friction force causes a change in the geometry of the cutting edge, plus heat, as a result, the tool gradually becomes dull.

Most drills are made from high-speed steel with different cobalt content. It is very important that it is sharpened correctly: the cutting edges are equal length, the jumper between them was located along the axis of the cutting tool.

This ensures that both edges will perform identical work during the drilling process. The drill will not have runout, the hole diameter will correspond to the size, and heating of the part and the tool will be minimized.

A drill-drill with chamfer correction has a smaller jumper, due to this the cutting edges are lengthened. With such drills you can drill a hole without preliminary marking with a core.

The choice of drills depends on the type of work performed. NWKa HSS Baildon drills are optimal for drilling:

structural steel;
cast iron;
brass;
bronze;
aluminum;
plastics;
tree.

Drilling metal

A special feature of the drills is the presence of a sharp edge, which allows for mechanical processing of the material. They have an equal diameter along the entire length, and the blade is sharpened at an angle of 118°. The sharpening angle varies depending on the hardness of the material, for example, for alloy steel, it is 135°. This type of drill is made of HSS steel with 5% cobalt. They require cooling during operation. special oil for drilling.

In order to drill a nozzle in metal evenly and accurately, it is necessary to use a guide device - a jig.

When drilling, it is best to use as little force as possible. When drilling a through hole, when the moment of exit of the cutting tool approaches, it is necessary to reduce the feed so that the part does not tear out, the drill does not break, or burrs do not form.

A conical drill is used to produce a conical hole in metal. It is used as independent instrument. They can drill a cylindrical hole, turning it into a conical one. A conical hole in the metal is made on a lathe in order to drill and bore the resulting nozzle with a cutter.

Cutting modes

The most common mistake is Using too high a drilling speed. The more difficult the material to process, the lower the drilling speed should be used. For example, in the case of drilling an 8 mm hole in brass, the drilling speed should be 2500 rpm, for harder alloy steel - 800 rpm. The best sign of choosing the right drilling speed is nice, long chips.

Depending on which tool to choose, cutting parameters are important. It is necessary to select the correct rotation speed and feed. Best options provide desktop drilling machines, but they cannot be used everywhere. It is necessary to follow the principle: the lower the speed and the lower the feed, the longer the tool will last.

For example, it is taken stainless steel, 8mm hole, 4mm thickness, cooling lotion or oil, HSS drill bit, drill or drill press: The revolutions should not exceed 400 rpm, and the feed should not be more than 0.10 mm/revolution. In other words, you can drill at a speed no higher than 400 rpm. But this speed is not optimal. Therefore, it would be optimal, for example: 170 rpm, and the feed for every 30 revolutions is 1 mm (three times less than recommended).

Cooling the drill during the drilling process is very important. Use emulsions, oils, drilling sprays. Water should be avoided, as it does not have the properties of lubricating fluids, but only cools.

Large diameter holes

To the question of how to drill a large diameter hole in metal, there is only one answer: V technological process neck drilling. For example, you need to increase the neck and get a size of thirty millimeters in diameter. First, it is drilled with a tool of a smaller diameter, for example, four millimeters, then to a size of 8 millimeters, then 12 millimeters, and so each size is expanded to the result.

A large diameter neck in a product can be made on a lathe. The operation is as follows: drilling a hole, boring the neck of the desired size. As pre-drilling is required, the process can be divided into stages: small-diameter drilling, reaming with a gradual increase in drill diameter.

Drilling thin sheet metal

The peculiarity of obtaining an armhole in thin sheet metal is his reliable fastening. After the drill comes out to the other side, there is a danger that the sheet may suddenly jam and tear out if it was held in your hands. The best way reliable fastening the sheet is a clamp. In this case, the risk that the tin will be torn out is much less. The number of burrs formed is reduced, which will greatly facilitate the finishing of the element.

If the metal is 0.1 millimeter thick, you can make a hole without a drill by using a metal punching tool. Its design is very simple, like pliers. A punch is attached to one lever, and a matrix to the other. The principle is the same as cold stitching using a stamp.

To cut a through groove in sheet steel, you need to drill a successive row of holes according to size, connecting them into a single slot using a chisel and hammer. To do this, it is necessary to cut off the bridges between the holes and smooth out the unevenness with a file.

Metal pipes

In case of drilling metal pipe Make sure that the workpiece is securely fastened in the vise. It is advisable to mount the drill on a vertical stand. Insert a piece of wood of the same shape and size inside the pipe, which will prevent the pipe from deforming. In this case, use low feed.

Getting narrow nozzles

Drilling deep holes of small diameter can only be done on a special machine or lathe using a device. The part is clamped into a 3-jaw chuck and checked for runout with an indicator. The device is mounted on a tool holder. A drill chuck with a drill is installed in the fixture. First, the hole is centered, then the nozzle is drilled to a given depth. Apply tailstock problematic, since the overflow must be constantly removed to release chips and lubricant.

To obtain vertical holes, a right angle drilling device is used. For an electric drill, this is a vertical stand at an angle of 90 degrees to the base. The easiest way is to use a vertical drilling machine.

Drilling metal with a drill is somewhat more difficult than wood, brick or concrete. There are also some peculiarities.

For convenience, we have combined practical advice on this type of work into step-by-step instructions.

You will need the following tools: drill, drill, coolant (preferably machine oil, but water can also be used), punch, hammer, safety glasses.
When drilling metal on a horizontal surface, place it under the product wooden block and fix it as best as possible. When working in a vertical position, rigid fixation is extremely important, since drilling must be strictly perpendicular.
We make markings, then use a center punch and a hammer to mark the center of the future hole.
Pour coolant into a small container.
We put on safety glasses.
Let's start drilling. Do not put strong pressure on the drill, because it works better at low speeds. If the drill is powerful, then the method of short-term activation is suitable until the tool has time to reach maximum speed.
Don't forget to cool the drill as often as possible .
When drilling occurs not strictly perpendicularly, but at an angle, there is a high probability that the drill will jam. If this happens, put the switch in the reverse position. This way you will avoid injury and will not break the drill.
If everything was done correctly, then even in living conditions Using a low-power drill, you can drill a hole in metal up to 5 mm thick inclusive and with a diameter of up to 10-12 mm. Oh more complex tasks we'll tell you below.

Metal drilling work

It is possible, but this is in case of extreme necessity for shallow holes with a small diameter. Unprofitable.

It is better to use either standard metal drills with steel grade R6M5 or improved ones - R6M5K5.

The letter K in the marking indicates that this is an alloy with the addition of cobalt. On the market you can find a drill called “Cobalt”. We will not vouch for all manufacturers, we will only note that reviews on practical application in the overwhelming majority of cases - positive.

How to drill with a step drill in metal?

Step drills are universal - just one can make holes of different diameters (from 2 to 40 mm). They are most effective when working with thin metal, when you need to get a neat edge. They are better fixed in the cartridge, they are easier to sharpen, and therefore when correct operation They last longer, but also cost more than usual. The principles of working with them are the same, but it is easier to drill large-diameter holes than with conventional twist drills.

Is it possible to drill metal with a Pobedit drill?

The principle of operation of metal drills is to cut, and with pobedite soldering, crush materials. Brick, concrete, and stone are better suited for this. Therefore, as mentioned above, you can, of course, drill metal with a drill for concrete, but it will quickly become unusable and the victorious soldering will be destroyed.

Revolutions

What is the larger hole diameter? the lower the speed should be. How more depth? Therefore, you gradually need to reduce the pressure on the drill. With a drill diameter of up to 5 mm, the torque should not be higher than 1200-1500 rpm. Accordingly, 10 mm in diameter - no more than 700 rpm, 15 mm - 400 rpm.

How to drill holes in large diameter metal?

As a rule, most drills for household use power from 500 to 800 W, which allows you to drill holes with a diameter of up to 10-12 mm.

How to properly drill metal thicker than 10 mm with an electric drill?

In metal up to 2 mm thick, using step drills you can make holes up to 40 mm. With a thickness of 3 mm, bimetallic crowns are better suited.

Bimetallic crown

When drilling deep holes with any tool, you may sometimes need a magnet to remove the chips.

Metal drilling process

Particular attention should be paid to safety precautions, be sure to protect your eyes from chips, and if there is distortion and jamming, immediately turn off the drill and change the torque to reverse movement.

In situations where there is no power or where the noise of the tool operating may disturb others ( read: when can you make repairs so as not to quarrel with your neighbors?) – the ideal solution when drilling metal would be a hand-held mechanical drill, the so-called rotator. Low speed and pressure, no overheating, just what you need. Of course, there are also disadvantages - time-consuming and easy fatigue. In this simple “old-fashioned” way, you can drill holes with a diameter of up to 10 mm.

We hope our tips will be useful to you.

More information in this video.

Coolant for metal cutting

Drilling of rolled metal: types and technology

The drilling procedure can safely be called one of critical technologies processing of metal products.

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The main purpose of drilling is to obtain mounting and technical holes various diameters, depths and shapes, thread cutting, counterbore and countersinking. This procedure is carried out on drilling machines of various sizes and configurations. The MTS Center company also produces stuffed oil seals.

Using the drilling method, carried out on modern equipment, and using special tool perform various operations, among which the following can be distinguished:

· Drilling holes cylindrical;

· Drilling holes with an oval or multifaceted configuration;

· Drilling, countersinking and even grinding existing holes.

Drilling technology involves the possibility of producing both blind and through holes in metal structures of various sizes and shapes. At the same time, using special equipment equipped with CNC, it is possible to ensure high accuracy of holes and prepare a product, for example a sliding support, for subsequent assembly or further operations prescribed in the technological process.

This method is used for processing products or workpieces made from various types steels and cast iron. Naturally, for each material, a cutting tool (drill, countersink, reamer), as well as processing modes, lubrication and other parameters are individually selected.

This type of metalworking, such as drilling, is indispensable in various fields of industry, ranging from small enterprises engaged in small-scale production of components for equipment, and large factories who have full cycle production of a certain range of products. The processing accuracy, as well as the characteristics of the holes produced by drilling, directly depend on the machines, tools and technologies used.

Drilling through holes in metal workpieces is carried out various instruments using special technicians. To many specialists when performing engineering work have to drill holes in metal structures often. These items have high elasticity, which forces the use of special cutting devices when drilling.

Types of drills and devices for drilling in metal

The necessary equipment for drilling metal products are electric and hand drills, as well as drilling machines. Working part such devices - a drill of different shapes:

spiral;
screw;
crown-shaped;
conical;
flat;
cannon;
rifle;
centering;
stepped.

Each drill is individually marked, where the tip indicates the cross-sectional diameter and the type of alloy from which it is made. To drill a hole of the required diameter, you need a drill a few tenths of a millimeter narrower.

Drills are also classified by length:

short;
elongated;
long.

Drilling in some materials may require a specially sharpened diamond-tipped drill bit. Twist drills may not be able to handle products made from thin sheet alloys. In some cases, to drill deep holes, the product must be fixed in a vice, stops, jigs, or corners with fasteners. This is done for safety reasons and to obtain high quality holes.

Modes for drilling holes in metal products

For drilling through holes in metal products Preliminary preparation for the process is extremely important. The drill must be correctly secured and guided in the tool. You need to adjust the rotation speed and other parameters. For overly durable products it is recommended low speed rotation of the drill. An indicator of correct drilling should be uniform, long chips.

Types of holes and methods for drilling them

Some manufacturing jobs often require the following types of holes in metal workpieces:

Through. They completely pierce metal workpieces. It is important to protect the surface of the machine from accidental exit of the drill beyond the workpiece in order to avoid damage to the drill and the occurrence of burrs on the blank. Workbenches with holes are ideal for these types of work, where it is possible to place them under the workpiece. wooden spacer. Holes in thin blanks are drilled with flat drills, because a twist drill can noticeably destroy the edges of the product.
Deaf. They are carried out to the required depth without penetrating the product right through. IN in this case An important point is measuring the depth, which can be conveniently done by limiting the length of the drill with the stop of the sleeve or the drill chuck with a locking stop. Professional machines are equipped automatic systems feed to the specified penetration size, which allows you to fix the depth of the drill.
Deep. This type of hole includes those drills whose length is five times the diameter. When drilling deep holes, it is necessary to periodically remove the resulting chips using additional lubricants. It is often necessary to forcibly provide cooling measures for the drill and the workpiece itself, the temperature of which is rapidly rising to too high a level. high performance as a result of friction. This applies to workpieces made of high-strength alloys. For deep holes, twist drills are used.
Wide diameter. Drilling large-diameter holes in products of large proportions is a very responsible and labor-intensive process. For such holes, conical, crown-shaped or stepped drills are used. Specialists carry out drilling at low tool speeds, trying to ensure the safety of the edges of the workpiece.
Complex shape. Sometimes it is necessary to drill through or blind holes in workpieces different densities under internal thread. The technology has to be divided into two actions: preliminary preparation platforms and the drilling itself.
Half-hearted. Half blanks are drilled, filling the cavities with wood. Stepped holes can be obtained using one of two techniques: reaming (passing a drill of a smaller diameter to the entire depth of the workpiece, followed by drilling with drills of a larger diameter) and reducing the diameter (drilling a hole of a larger diameter to the required depth, followed by replacing a drill with a smaller diameter). As a result, the hole is clearly centered.

Safety when drilling holes in metal workpieces

When drilling holes in metal workpieces, you should be very careful to avoid rapid destruction of the drill. Following simple rules when drilling will ensure safety and guarantee a high-quality product upon completion of the work:

On the eve of drilling, it is necessary to carefully check the fixation of all fastening devices on the machine.
You can start work in special clothing to prevent any elements from getting under the moving parts of the machine. Protect your eyes from metal shavings with special glasses.
When the drill tip enters a metal workpiece, it should already be rotating at low speeds to avoid dulling.
The drill should be pulled out of the drilled hole gradually, reducing the speed, but not stopping completely.
When the drill tip does not penetrate into the workpiece, you will have to check the strength of the metal. When running a file over the surface, it is possible to determine the degree of strength. If there is no roughness left on the alloy, you need to choose a drill with a diamond tip or from a harder material, and drill at low speeds.
Drills of small diameter, which are difficult to fix in the chuck, are recommended to be wrapped around the tail with brass wire to increase the diameter of the girth.
If you are working with a polished workpiece, you can put a felt washer on the base of the drill to avoid damage when it comes into contact with the drill chuck.
To fix metal workpieces made of polished or chrome-plated steel, fabric or leather spacers are used.
When drilling deep holes, a small piece of compressed foam placed on the drill will ensure that small metal shavings are blown away. Also, foam plastic will make it possible to deepen the drill to the required level when producing blind holes.

The power of electric drills must be taken into account when drilling holes in metal workpieces of varying hardness. Manufacturers electric tool mark devices, indicating specifications on their body. For drills of different power, drills of the appropriate diameter are required.

You can entrust any tasks, including drilling, to the specialists of the Proflazermet company. We will determine the required hole diameter and select the appropriate tool, which we have big choice. In the end you will get perfect solution in short time.

Metal drilling is one of the many operations that is often performed during metalworking. Drilling is performed for various dismountable/non-separable connections when a certain hole diameter is required for rivet, bolt or stud fasteners.

Metal itself is a highly durable material, so when working with it, regardless of whether you need to drill or cut through it, you use cutting tools that are much stronger than it. Drilling of metal parts can be done both in special industrial workshops and at home when carrying out various repair work, in a garage or small workshop. For home drilling, a hand-held electric drill is usually used.

Drilling holes in metal workpieces or parts is a specific technology for removing thin numerous layers of metal with a drill rotating around its axis. In this case, the main condition for drilling is to keep the drill, fixed in the drill chuck, clearly perpendicular to the workpiece being drilled.

This is especially important when drilling thick metal. If during operation the drill deviates relative to the axis of the hole being drilled, it will simply break. To prevent this from happening, the drill must be firmly fixed. For this purpose there are special devices, which you can buy at a tool store or make yourself.

Drilling modes

When working with a drill, it is important not only to secure it firmly, but also choose the optimal mode of its rotation. When processing metal important factor What remains is the number of revolutions made by the drill over a certain period of time and the force that is transmitted to it during this time to ensure penetration into the metal.

For working with metals of different hardness, drills designed for different operating modes are also recommended. The speed of rotation of the drill directly depends on the thickness and hardness of the metal, as well as the diameter of the drill itself. The stronger the material being processed and the larger the diameter of the drill, the slower the drilling mode should be. An indicator of a correctly selected mode is long, spiral-shaped chips.

Core marking, template and jig

You can drill through the metal according to the markings made with a core, use a template or a special jig.

A core is a sharpened metal pin made of heavy-duty steel. With its help, a small recess for the drill is made on the metal part prepared for drilling in the place where it is planned to drill a hole.

To do this, the core is placed with its sharp end at the intended drilling point, after which a strong blow is applied to it with a hammer. The tip of the drill is inserted into the recess left by the core and drilling begins, and at the beginning of work the drill will no longer be able to move away from the marked point.

To mark the center of a cylindrical workpiece, experienced mechanics often use a strip of tin bent at 90 degrees. In this case, one shoulder must correspond to the diameter of the workpiece; it is applied to the workpiece, after which a line is drawn with a pencil along its edge. The operation is carried out 2-3 times, and the point of intersection of the lines will indicate the center of the cylinder, where a core can be used to make a recess for the drill.

The template is made to mark blanks of the same type, on which several points for drilling are marked. It is very convenient when you need to work with several parts from sheet metal, which are stacked in a common stack and secured together with a clamp.

In case you need high accuracy and the perpendicularity of the drilled channel or it is necessary to strictly maintain the distance between several holes, It is recommended to use a conductor. Also, a conductor will be needed when working with thin-walled pipes when it is impossible to make a hole for the drill with a core.

When deep drilling, special devices are used to firmly fix the drill in a perpendicular position to the workpiece.

Drilling accessories

Working with metal is a rather labor-intensive process even for experienced professionals. Sometimes you need to hold the drill in strictly one position towards the workpiece for a long time. To make work easier and drill metal efficiently, a right-angle drilling device is used.

There are three types of such devices:

Stand for holding the drill.

This device is in the form of a box with guide bushings installed inside, which are made of heavy-duty steel that is resistant to drills. The conductor can be used for almost everything drill diameters up to 20 mm. After installing this device above the center of the intended hole, the drill will no longer move away from its axis

The jig is convenient to use for working with pipes of small diameter, when it is impossible to use a core for marking.

Guide clamp for drill

This mechanism is designed to hold the drill stationary during operation. It consists of two posts, rigidly attached to the sole in the form of a large circle. Moves along the racks a mechanism into which a drill is inserted and fixed to it by the neck. There, on the racks, under the drill locking mechanism, there are return springs.

As the drill deepens into the metal, under the force of the master, they compress, but as soon as the force stops, the springs straighten, and the mechanism holding the drill rises along the racks to its original position.

Drill Holder

Essentially, this is a simplified vertical drilling machine, but with minimal functions.

It consists of a massive flat sole (platform) and a rigid rod attached to it. The rod is fixed to the platform at a strictly right angle. It also contains a movable carriage with a mount for holding the drill, and a handle for controlling it.

The workpiece is secured to the platform using clamps or a vice. The master lowers the carriage with the drill down by the handle and holds it during the entire drilling process.

Types of holes and methods for drilling them

Drilled holes in metal can be:

Completely end-to-end.
Muffled.
Deep.
With a large diameter.

Through holes: pierce the workpiece completely through. The peculiarity of this process is to protect the surface of the workbench on which the workpiece is located from damage when the drill leaves the part. This may damage the cutting tool itself. To prevent this from happening, you can use:

Workbenches with holes.
Place a thick wooden spacer under the workpiece.
Place the part on two metal or wooden beams.
At the final stage of drilling, reduce the force on the drill and reduce its rotation speed.

The latter method should usually be used when drilling in place so that nearby parts are not damaged.

Blind holes: This type of drilling is not performed using the through method, but only to a set depth. The drilling depth limitation is set in the following ways:

Using a bushing stop.
Chuck adjusting stop.
A ruler attached to a machine or drill.
Other ways of combining in the form of various gaskets between the drill and the workpiece.

Modern machines are equipped automatic feeding drill to a given depth, after which the work stops.

: This is usually used for lathe. Moreover, if a cylindrical part is processed, it is not the drill that rotates, but the workpiece itself. During operation, the drill must be constantly cooled, and chips must be forcibly removed from the pass being processed.

For this purpose, special grooves are located on the surface of the deep drill. If they are missing, it must be periodically removed from the body of the part and cleaned of metal shavings. Ordinary water can be used as a coolant. When deep-depth drilling at home, it is necessary to firmly secure the drill, otherwise, after the drill breaks, part of it will remain in the body of the workpiece, which can be considered damaged.

How to drill a large diameter hole in metal

This procedure is much more complicated than deep drilling. For small metal thicknesses, this procedure is performed with a special crown, or with ordinary metal drills in several passes.

Crown

It consists of a kit that includes a regular drill that evenly punches a channel in the workpiece and the crown itself of a certain diameter. The working process is carried out at low speeds of the drill, while forced cooling is carried out cutting edges drill and crowns.

Multi-stage drilling

If the part is thick, it is necessary to have a certain supply of drills, the difference in diameter should be within 25% of each other. Work should begin as soon as possible thin drill. As soon as a through channel is drilled, the drill is replaced with a diameter larger than the previous one. Thus, gradually, the drills are changed to the diameter of the given size.

Step cone drill

This is a set of cone-shaped drills of various diameters located on one common axis. Enough handy tool for working with steel sheet metal. The operating principle is practically indistinguishable from conventional drilling.

A step-cone drill is driven deep into the workpiece until it reaches right size drilled hole.

Punching holes

The technology of punching holes in metal alloys is quite common. It is used when working with sheet metal. The advantages of the technology are that the holes are punched exactly in given point with a clear diameter and virtually no loss of specific time. For this purpose, specialized pressing machines are used.

For punching thin sheet metal a manual punch can be used. This tool for punching holes in metal is made from a steel pipe. Pipes of various diameters can be used for the punch. To punch a hole, the punch is placed at the marked point, after which several strong blows are applied to it with a hammer. The result is a neatly punched hole.

When working with any power tools, you must always follow safety precautions and protect the tool from premature wear. To do this, it is recommended to take into account a few simple tips: