Which plant's fruit is called bitter orange. Useful and medicinal properties of orange blossom. Applications of orange fruit

Botanical name: Orange (Citrus aurantium) or Chinotto or Bigaradia. Representative of the Citrus genus, Rutaceae family. It is a close relative of orange, tangerine, grapefruit, lemon and other citrus fruits.

Homeland of the orange: India.

Lighting: photophilous.

The soil: citrus potting mix.

Watering: moderate.

Maximum tree height: 12 m.

Average life expectancy: up to 70 years old.

Landing: seeds, grafting.

Orange is a medium-sized evergreen tree, reaching up to 10 m in height. IN room conditions does not exceed 1 m. The crown is highly branched, spherical, with a spiral arrangement of leaves. The branches have thin, long spines. The leaves are elliptical, pointed, dense, leathery, alternate. Smooth, shiny, bright green above, light green below with translucent containers of essential oil. They are attached to wide-winged, long petioles.

Orange flowers and their photos

The flowers are large, 3 cm in diameter, white, fragrant, located in the axils of the leaves, formed singly or collected in small inflorescences of 2–7 pieces. Flowering occurs in April - May. The orange fruit is berry-shaped, spherical, slightly flattened, about 7 cm in diameter. The peel is thick, unevenly lumpy, intensely orange in color, and easily separates from the pulp. The peel contains a large number of essential oil. The pulp is juicy, sour, with bitterness, divided into 10 - 12 shares. The pulp contains yellow wedge-shaped seeds. The fruits ripen in late November - mid-December, less often in January. In regions with a mild, warm climate, the harvest is harvested in October.

Orange orange goes by other names: sour orange, bitter orange, bigaradia, chinotto.

Spread of bitter orange

The homeland of this citrus is India, where the plant was cultivated several hundred years ago. Today, the bitter orange fruit is grown in many tropical and subtropical countries. In Russia, the distribution of bitter orange is especially wide in the southern regions, where it is grown as indoor plant. Not found in the wild.

At home it grows in the form of a miniature slender tree or a compact, spectacular bush. Large, fragrant, white and pink flowers oranges, which look very elegant against the background of bright green foliage.

Applications of orange fruit

The bitter orange fruit is not consumed fresh; it is valued for its zest. To obtain it, the peel is separated from the pulp and dried for several days in a dry, warm place, spreading out thin layer on a flat surface. The peel is considered ready when it becomes thin and brittle. Now you can get zest from it. The main use of the bitter orange fruit is in the production of various desserts and baked goods.

From the leaves and flowers of this plant it is obtained essential oils, which are used in aromatherapy and in the preparation of marmalade.

Unripe fruits falling from the tree are used to make essential oil used in the production of alcoholic beverages.

The orange flower is considered a symbol of innocence and is a traditional part of the bride's wedding bouquet. The aroma of the flowers of this tree in Japanese poetry is associated with memories of the past. Previously, orange petals were used to fill the pockets of wide sleeves.

Photo: Orange (Citrus aurantium)

The orange tree is evergreen, having a small height (2-10 meters). It belongs to the genus of citrus fruits and has fairly long and thin branches. The orange differs from other representatives of this species by the presence of rather long, sharp spines. The natural habitat of the bitter orange is the Himalayan mountains. Although it is grown by residents of the Mediterranean countries, the Caucasus and Latin America.

The main value of orange

What does an orange tree look like? What it is? This plant is known to everyone due to its main value - its fruits. They are berry-shaped, orange in color and slightly flattened in shape.

In their appearance There are many similarities with tangerines or medium-sized oranges. It doesn't take much effort to separate the skin from the fruit. Underneath there are 12 lobes with yellow grooved seeds. They are quite bitter and inedible, reaching 6-7 cm in diameter.

No less famous are the white flowers of orange blossom. They are called "orange blossom". They have found their application in pharmaceuticals and perfumery.

Fruits and their uses

In the world, the orange tree is also called sour or bitter orange, Seville orange, bigaradia. Its peel consists of glycosides, carbohydrates, and essential oils. The neroli type of essential oil of the fruit, consisting of camphene, myrcene, anthranilic acid methyl ester, limonene, geraniol, and linalool, has a fairly high price. Thanks to these components, it has wonderful aromatic and beneficial properties.

This fruit is not usually eaten fresh. But its unusual taste characteristics and aroma properties found widespread use in cooking. In particular, they are used for making candied fruits, marmalade, and additives to a wide variety of sauces and drinks. All these processes involve only the skin of the fruit of the orange tree, which contains most of the beneficial and aromatic essential oil. Their pulp is not used.

Avicenna also used the citrus tree. He devoted some of his works to describing their benefits.

Properties of bitter orange

It is no coincidence that the orange tree is so widespread and popular all over the world. It has many useful properties. These include:

• anti-inflammatory effect;
• use in the fight against rheumatism;
• calming properties used to treat depression, apathy, and depression;
• rejuvenating effect of fruits;
• helping to improve digestion and increase appetite;
• choleretic effect;
• positive effect on heart function.

Thanks to its antiseptic, antispasmodic and laxative properties, orange peel helps speed up the treatment of colds and respiratory diseases. This fruit is capable of removing Orange grains are a kind of antidote for poisonous bites different types insects and snakes.

Orange flowers

An orange tree whose flowers have a charming White color, was quite popular in the Middle Ages. Many nationalities used them to decorate the bride's hair or decorate wedding dress. They were a symbol of tenderness, purity, youth. Only in the middle of the twentieth century did the fashion for orange flowers begin to fade. Calla lilies and roses began to be used instead.

During the fashion for greenhouse plants, the orange tree was popular. It was specially planted in a large box so that it could be brought indoors during the cold season. The most famous bitter orange is the one planted by Charles III's wife Eleanor de Castille.

The delicate aroma, in which light notes of jasmine and honey are felt, has found its application in perfumery. Even today it is used to create perfumes. But relatively recently, during the Renaissance, only noble ladies could use this kind of perfume. This is due to the high cost of these fragrant flowers.

Light orange oil has been used by cooks in their work since ancient times. Pharmacists did not ignore him.

It was used to cure the plague. IN modern world Medicine uses it to treat other ailments.

Neroli

The essential oil that is extracted from orange flowers is called neroli. To its main beneficial properties include:

• beneficial effect on nervous system(treatment of depression, stress, insomnia);
• antimicrobial and antiviral properties;
• helps get rid of a variety of dermatological diseases, scars and cicatrices;
• strengthens the immune system;
• is a rehabilitation agent used after various kinds operations.

Oranienbaum

In German, orange tree is Oranienbaum. Also called a small town, which is located near the Gulf of Finland. It is still not known exactly what history the name of the tree has. Each city in Rus' received its own coat of arms in 1785. The orange tree became the coat of arms of Oranienbaum.

One of the versions of the origin of the city’s name says that a whole greenhouse of orange trees was found at its location. Above each was the German version of the name "oranienbaum". This find got people very interested. Therefore, the orange tree, a photo of which can be seen on all brochures and photographs of Oranienbaum, began to symbolize this city.

Cosmetological use of orange oil

Essential is considered a fairly effective anti-aging cosmetic product. Therefore, it has a fairly wide scope of application. Its main effects include:

• reduction of pores;
• smoothing wrinkles;
• elimination of stretch marks and stress spots;
• help with dermatosis and eczema.

It can be used for any skin type. Its calming, vasodilating and antiseptic effect helps to quickly remove various irritations.

Since the concentration level of neroli oil exceeds analogues, before using it you need to do a sensitivity test. This will help prevent the occurrence of an allergic reaction. Also, its relaxing functions are contraindicated in cases where there is a need for a clear head and quick reaction.

Like other types of cosmetic and medicines, neroli has its contraindications. It is not recommended to apply it to the skin before taking it sunbathing. You should also check for individual intolerance to components.

All fewer secrets conceals an orange tree. Almost everyone knows what it is and what it is used for. Its flowers and fruits are becoming more accessible, and products made from them are widely popular in the world.

- (German, from New Lat. pomum aurantium Golden Apple). Initially dark green, then golden yellow, juicy, fleshy fruit of the orange tree, growing. in warm countries. Dictionary foreign words, included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Pomeranian- ORANGE, the fruit of the plant Citrus vulgaris Risso (Citrus Aurantium var. amara L.), from the family Rutaceae Aurantioideae, growing along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and in the Malay Archipelago. Components of P.: essential oil, glycoside hesperidin, ... ... Great Medical Encyclopedia

Pomeranian, Pomeranian, husband. Forever green fruit tree from south asia, same as bitter orange. “And the myrtle blows, and the orange breathes.” Delvig. || Edible fruit of this tree. Candied oranges. Dictionary Ushakova. D.N. Ushakov... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Orange, bigaradia, hesperidium Dictionary of Russian synonyms. orange noun, number of synonyms: 11 agroumi (4) ... Synonym dictionary

ORANGE, evergreen perennial from the genus citrus. Known only in culture (Mediterranean, Middle East, Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, Azerbaijan) as an essential oil plant (orange, bergamot oil). From… … Modern encyclopedia

- (bigaradia bitter orange), an evergreen perennial plant of the citrus genus. Known only in culture in the Mediterranean, Middle East; small areas on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and in Azerbaijan. From fresh fruits… … Big encyclopedic Dictionary

Pomeranian, nca, husband. A citrus tree, as well as its juicy, aromatic, sourish, bitter fruit with a hard peel. | adj. orange, oh, oh. Orange flowers. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Husband. tree and fruit of bitter orange, Citrus vuld. Orange color, orange, rudo yellow, hot. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dal. 1863 1866 … Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Hesperidium, the fruit of plants of the genus Citrus; consists of a dense, leathery, colored extracarp with many essential oil glands, a white spongy intercarp and a thin leathery intracarp, overgrown succulent hairs to the horn... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

Ntsa; m. 1. Subtropical evergreen tree family Rutaceae with orange-red, bitterish fruits; bigaradia bitter orange (used in confectionery and medicine). 2. The fruit of this tree. Ripe Pomeranians. Pomeranians from Nice. ◁… … encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• Misfortunes of the Neva banks. From the history of St. Petersburg floods, Kim Semenovich Pomeranets. Since the founding of the city on the Neva, floods and gloomy weather have become its peculiar attraction. The unique book by Kim Semenovich Pomerantz tells about these features...
• The misfortunes of the Neva banks From the history of St. Petersburg floods, Pomeranets K.S. Since the founding of the city on the Neva, floods and gloomy weather have become its peculiar attraction. The unique book by Kim Semenovich Pomerantz tells about these features...

It's evergreen woody plant, which belongs to the citrus species. In fact, it is a small tree that reaches a height of up to ten meters. The branches of this plant have long, thin and sharp spines. The leaves have a regular character, petiolate, leathery, shiny, translucent with containers of essential oil. This plant has large, fragrant flowers.

The orange fruit is berry-shaped, spherical, sometimes found in a flattened form. Scientists have never seen oranges in the wild. The plant's birthplace is considered Southeast Asia. People grow bitter orange in the Mediterranean, the Caucasus, and Paraguay. This plant, like Pavlovsk lemon, can be grown indoors. Orange easily withstands temperature environment from +5 to +45 degrees. This means that it can be exposed to the open air as early as the beginning of June.

Harvesting and storage of bitter orange

Orange blossoms bloom in April - May. The fruits ripen in November – January. All parts of the plant are suitable for harvesting. They can be cut and dried in an open space. It is better that there is no dirty soil under the workpieces. To ensure the purity of the raw material, a cloth is placed under it, or wooden boards. It is good to dry oranges in attics, as ideal conditions are created there.

Of particular value is the zest of the fruit, which must be easily removed by cutting into four parts. It is better to place it on a plate and then turn it over evenly.

Use in everyday life

The peels of the fruits are crushed and tinctures are prepared from them, which are used as an appetite enhancer or as a corrigens for the production of other dosage forms.

The unripe fruits of the plant, which fall from the tree themselves, are used as raw materials for the alcoholic beverage industry. Orange fruits are actively used in medicine, and essential oils from leaf flowers are used to produce marmalade and soft drinks. Bitter orange is often included in the color compositions of many fragrant perfumes. Confectionery and food industry loves to use flower tinctures.

As a flavoring agent, orange zest is added to meat gravies, which gives the dish a fresh citrus taste. Well-chopped zest is useful to add to fish. The zest goes especially well with poultry. A few grams of zest can be used for pure form, since it is a light spice.

Orange has a special place in cosmetology; it gets rid of acne and rejuvenates the skin. If you use it for a long time, the skin becomes soft and elastic. Orange oil relieves headaches and strengthens the cardiovascular system. Also, the endocrine system returns to normal.

Composition and medicinal properties of bitter orange

1. Furocoumarin umbleferone, which is found in orange fruit, has very strong activity against fungus.
2. Orange is very good as an expectorant and antiemetic; it is often used to normalize the functioning of the stomach.
3. The seeds are recommended for use in cases of loss of appetite, colds, coughs and belching.
4. Pomeranian copes well with nervous disorders. It is used to reduce irritability if increased nervous excitability, sudden states of fear with rapid heartbeat, neurasthenia with impaired stomach function and loss of appetite, and sleep disturbances are detected.

The use of bitter orange in folk medicine

Infusion for compress

Take orange zest and grate it on a fine grater. After this, pour in 100 grams of vodka and infuse for three weeks. The resulting liquid is used for rubbing for injuries.

Collection for insomnia

Take 10 grams of valerian root, add the same amount of lemon balm and hop leaves. Add 10 grams of orange flowers to this and mix everything thoroughly. Take two teaspoons of this mixture and pour a glass of boiling water. The resulting solution is put on fire and covered with a lid. Drink one cup of this tea in the evening. If you wish, you can add a little honey.

Soothing collection

Take 20 grams of lemon balm leaves and 10 grams of St. John's wort, mix them with 10 grams of orange flowers and 5 grams of rose hips. Take one tablespoon of the prepared mixture and pour 100 grams of boiling water. After filtering the finished tea, drink it a cup three times a day.

Collection for appetite

Take 10 grams of orange peel, the same amount of centaury and rose hips, 1 teaspoon of this collection is scalded with a glass of boiling water, left to brew for five minutes and filtered. Take ready-made tea before meals.

Collection for nervous excitability

The orange zest is thoroughly crushed and poured with a glass of boiling water. It's better to add to this tool lemon balm and leave for 6 hours. After this, the composition is consumed three times a day before meals.

Contraindications for use

Orange has no special contraindications. Sometimes it can cause allergic reactions, so people with weak immune systems It is better to refrain from using this plant.