All about two-pipe heating systems. Diagram of a two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring Inventor of the diagram of a two-pipe heating system

In the process of designing a heating system, the question arises of how best to connect radiators - according to single-pipe scheme or according to two-pipe?

Each connection method has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. To choose the wiring diagram correctly, you need to define it efficiency for your home. What is the difference between one- and two-pipe systems? And by what criteria do they make a choice?

Single-circuit heating circuit

The single pipe system is the most simple option connections between radiators and boiler. It is used for heating small and medium-sized rooms.

It has important advantage- gives possibility to organize work independently of electrical circulation pump .

The main advantages of single-pipe wiring are simplicity and independence from electricity. How does it work?

Principle of operation

In a single-pipe scheme, the same pipe performs the function of supplying hot water and returning cold water. Main pipe connects in series all radiators. At the same time, in each of them the water loses part of the heat. Therefore, in a single-pipe heating circuit there are hotter radiators at the beginning, and cooler ones at the end of the circuit.

Attention! The warmest rooms will be those located immediately after the boiler. The rooms located in front of the boiler entrance will be cool. This must be taken into account when building a house.

With such a heating scheme, the first from the boiler should be large premises — kitchens, dining rooms, halls. And the last are small bedrooms.

Arrangement

Single-pipe wiring is ideal for organizing the movement of coolant by gravity. At correct location heating devices, the water inside the pipes will move independently, without the help of a circulation pump. To do this it is necessary to organize significant height difference between the boiler and the distribution manifold.

The coolant heating boiler is located as low as possible- on the ground floor of the premises or in the basement.

The collector through which heated water is distributed is located as high as possible - under the ceiling of the top floor or in the attic. Water rises from the boiler to the collector during the heating process.

When heated, it expands, becomes lighter and therefore - rises up. Then from the distribution manifold it enters the supply pipe, then into the radiators and returns to the heating boiler.

Reference! In heating big house single-pipe circuit can be divided for several successive connections. In this case, they will all start from the distribution manifold and end in front of the boiler.

In addition to the boiler, distribution manifold and radiators, the circuit must also include expansion tank. The coefficient of expansion of water depends on the amount of heating; with different heating, water expands differently. In this case, a certain amount of coolant is displaced from the system. To collect and store displaced water, a tank.

The main driving force of the coolant is temperature rise of water. The higher the temperature of the coolant, the greater the speed of water movement through the pipes. Also, the gravity flow rate is affected by the diameter of the pipes, the presence of corners and bends in them, the type and quantity locking devices. In such a system they install only Ball Valves . Conventional valves even in open position create a barrier to the movement of water.

Vertical and horizontal wiring: differences

More often a single-pipe scheme assembled on one floor level- V horizontal plane.

Pipes are laid along the floor, connecting radiators in adjacent rooms located on the same floor. This arrangement is called horizontal.

Less often the scheme is assembled in a multi-storey building vertically. In this case, pipes connect rooms located above each other. This heating scheme is called vertical. What is the difference between the two wiring, and which one is better for a private home?

Vertical diagram:

Requires connection of specific batteries - elongated in height. Most radiators on the market are designed to be included in a horizontal system - they are elongated in width. If not correct connection radiators, their operating efficiency decreases.
Narrow radiators for vertical wiring provide good heating small premises. And worse - large rooms.
Is different low probability of pipe airing, the formation of air jams - air is removed through a vertical riser.

Attention! Vertical distribution is optimal for a large number of floors with small areas of rooms.

Horizontal layout:

Provides great selection of radiators.
Works more efficient vertical, which is due to the physics of coolant movement through pipes.

Horizontal wiring is used for heating installations on the same floor. In a house with several floors, water is transferred between floors through a vertical riser. Thus, for two- or three-story cottage will be optimal combined system with elements of vertical and horizontal wiring.

Pros and cons of Leningrad

Let's list the advantages single-pipe heating:

Simple and inexpensive arrangement , which provides not a large number of pipes, connectors, pipes and other additional devices in the system.
Ideal scheme for movement of water by gravity and for the organization gravity heating system, without the need for a circulation pump.

Flaws:

Uneven heating rooms - there are hot and cool rooms.
Not suitable for heating big houses, whose area more than 150 sq.m, or in the heating system of which it is built more than 20 radiators.
Large pipe diameter makes unaesthetic their appearance on the walls.

Dual-circuit battery wiring

A two-pipe heating system differs from a single-pipe heating system by dividing it into two pipes - coolant supply and return. It ensures uniform heating of all rooms. This type of wiring is used in most new houses.

Principle of operation

In a two-pipe scheme, water from the boiler flows to the radiators through supply pipe (main).

Near each radiator, the supply line has a connecting inlet pipe, through which the coolant enters the battery. The supply line ends near the last radiator.

In addition to the incoming pipe, each radiator has outlet pipe. He connects it to the return pipe. The return line starts from the first battery and ends at the entrance to the boiler.

Thus, the heated water flows into the radiators evenly and at the same temperature. From each radiator, water is discharged into the return pipe, where it is collected and supplied to the boiler for subsequent heating. Thanks to this movement of the coolant, all rooms in the room are heated equally.

What is the difference

A two-pipe heating system includes elements of a single-pipe system and additional devices. In addition to the boiler, radiators, supply and return water collection pipes (the so-called return), the two-pipe scheme also includes circulation pump.

The large length of the pipelines, the presence of corners and turns in the supply pipes complicate the movement of the coolant. That's why necessary his forced circulation electric pump.

Photo 1. Circulation pump model 32-40, voltage 220 Volts, manufacturer - Oasis, China.

Also in the two-pipe circuit there is more taps, regulating water supply and quantity. Such a tap is installed in front of each radiator - at the inlet and outlet.

Classification by location

In a horizontal two-pipe system, pipes connect the radiators horizontally. This scheme works in heating one-story house or one floor of a multi-storey cottage.

In a vertical two-pipe system, pipes connect radiators located one above the other in one “riser”. However, there are differences from the single-pipe vertical scheme. Here - thanks to the presence of supply and return pipes, they can be used in vertical heating batteries of any width — multi-section(since the supply and return risers can be located at a distance from each other). Therefore, the efficiency of two-pipe vertical heating is higher.

Reference! It is desirable that the batteries of rooms located one above the other have the same number of sections. This makes it easier to lay a vertical return pipe.

Bottom and top harness: which is more effective?

The terms “bottom” and “top” trim mean way to connect batteries to the system heating. At bottom harness incoming water enters the battery through the lower pipe.

If it also comes out of the radiator at the bottom, then the efficiency of the radiator will be reduced by 20-22%.

If the outlet pipe is located at the top, the efficiency of the radiator will be reduced by 10-15%. In any case, with lower water supply to the batteries, the heating efficiency decreases.

With the top piping (supply), the incoming pipe is connected to the radiator in the upper part. In this case, the movement of the coolant is organized more efficiently, the battery will work by 97-100% (97% - if the inlet and outlet pipes are located on one side of the radiator, and 100% - if the inlet pipe is on one side from above, and the outlet pipe is on the other side from below).

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

Suitable for heating private houses large area , in this case the circulation pump necessarily crashes into the system.
Heats all rooms on the floor or in the riser evenly.

Flaws:

Costs expensive single-pipe system, since twice as many materials are required - pipes between the boiler and radiators, as well as connecting devices, taps, and valves.
Circulating electric pump makes the system work dependent on the availability of electricity.

Important! An increase in the number of pipes and the amount of coolant in the system leads to increase in hydrodynamic resistance and does not allow water to move by gravity. Forced circulation and a working circulation pump are required.

According to statistics, over 70% of all residential buildings are heated using water heating. One of its varieties is a two-pipe heating system - this publication is dedicated to it.

The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages, diagrams, drawings and recommendations for installing two-pipe wiring with your own hands.

Contents of the article

Differences between a two-pipe heating system and a single-pipe one

Any heating system is a closed circuit through which coolant circulates. However, unlike a one-pipe network, where water is supplied to all radiators in turn through the same pipe, a two-pipe system involves dividing the wiring into two lines - supply and return.

A two-pipe heating system for a private house, in comparison with a single-pipe configuration, has the following advantages:

Minimal coolant losses. In a single-pipe system, radiators are alternately connected to the supply line, as a result of which the coolant passing through the battery loses temperature and enters the next radiator partially cooled. With two-pipe configuration, each battery is connected to the supply pipe with a separate outlet. You get the opportunity to install on each of the radiators, which will allow you to regulate the temperature in different rooms houses independently of each other.
Low hydraulic losses. When arranging a system with forced circulation(necessary in large buildings) a two-pipe system requires the installation of a less efficient circulation pump, which allows for significant savings.
Versatility. A two-pipe heating system can be used in multi-apartment, one or two-story buildings.
Maintainability. Shut-off valves can be installed on each branch of the supply pipeline, which makes it possible to cut off the coolant supply and repair damaged pipes or radiators without stopping the entire system.

Among the disadvantages of this configuration, we note a twofold increase in the length of the pipes used, however, this does not threaten a dramatic increase in financial costs, since the diameter of the pipes and fittings used is smaller than when installing a single-pipe system.

Classification of two-pipe heating

The two-pipe heating system of a private house, depending on its spatial location, is classified into vertical and horizontal. The more common is the horizontal configuration, which involves connecting radiators on the floor of the building to a single riser, whereas in vertical systems ah, radiators of different floors are connected to the riser.

The use of vertical systems is justified in a two-story building. Despite the fact that such a configuration is more expensive due to the need to use more pipes, with vertically located risers, the possibility of air pockets forming inside the radiators is eliminated, which increases the reliability of the system as a whole.

Also, a two-pipe heating system is classified according to the direction of movement of the coolant, according to which it can be direct-flow or dead-end. In dead-end systems, liquid circulates through the return and supply pipes in different directions; in direct-flow systems, their movement coincides.

Depending on the method of transporting the coolant, systems are divided into:

with natural circulation;
with forced circulation.

Heating with natural circulation can be used in one-story buildings with up to 150 square meters. It does not provide for the installation of additional pumps - the coolant moves due to its own density. Characteristic feature systems with natural circulation is to lay pipes at an angle to the horizontal plane. Their advantage is independence from the availability of power supply, the disadvantage is the inability to adjust the water supply speed.

In a two-story building, a two-pipe heating system is always performed with forced circulation. In terms of efficiency, this configuration is more effective, since you get the opportunity to regulate the flow and speed of the coolant using a circulation pump, which is installed on the supply pipe leaving the boiler. In heating with forced circulation, pipes of relatively small diameters (up to 20 mm) are used, which are laid without a slope.

Which heating network layout to choose?

Depending on the location of the supply pipeline, two-pipe heating is classified into two types - with upper and lower wiring.

The diagram of a two-pipe heating system with overhead wiring involves installing an expansion tank and a distribution line in highest point heating circuit, above the radiators. This installation cannot be done in one-story building With flat roof, since to place communications you will need an insulated attic or a specially designated room on the second floor of a two-story house.

A two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring differs from the top one in that the distribution pipeline in it is located in the basement or in an underground niche, under the radiators. The outermost heating circuit is the return pipe, which is installed 20-30 cm lower than the supply line.

This is a more complex configuration, requiring the connection of an upper air pipe, through which excess air will be removed from the radiators. If there is no basement, additional problems may arise due to the need to install the boiler below the level of the radiators.

Both the bottom and top diagram two-pipe heating systems can be performed in a horizontal or vertical configuration. However, vertical networks, as a rule, are made with bottom wiring. With this installation, there is no need to install a powerful pump for forced circulation, since due to the difference between the temperatures in the return and supply pipes, a strong pressure drop is created, which increases the speed of movement of the coolant. If, due to the peculiarities of the building's layout, such installation cannot be done, a highway with overhead routing is installed.

Making a two-pipe system with your own hands (video)

Selecting pipe diameters and rules for installing a two-pipe network

When installing two-pipe heating, it is extremely important to choose the correct pipe diameter, otherwise you may get uneven heating of radiators located far from the boiler. Most boilers for domestic use have a diameter of the supply and return pipes of 25 or 32 mm, which is suitable for a two-pipe configuration. If you have a boiler with 20 mm pipes, it is better to opt for a single-pipe heating system.

Size chart available on the market polymer pipes consists of diameters 16, 20, 25 and 32 mm. You need to install the system yourself, taking into account key rule: The first section of the distribution pipe must match the diameter of the boiler pipes, and each subsequent pipe section after the branch tee to the radiator is one size smaller.

In practice, it looks like this: a diameter of 32 mm comes out of the boiler, a radiator is connected to it through a tee with a 16 mm pipe, then after the tee the diameter of the supply line is reduced to 25 mm, at the next branch to the radiator line 16 mm after the tee the diameter is reduced to 20 mm and so on. If the number of radiators is greater than the standard sizes of pipes, it is necessary to divide the supply line into two arms.

When installing the system yourself, adhere to the following recommendations:

the supply and return lines must be parallel to each other;
each outlet to the radiator must be equipped with a shut-off valve;
distribution tank, if installed in attic when installing a network with top wiring, it is necessary to insulate it;
pipe fastenings on the walls should be placed in increments of no more than 60 cm.

When setting up a system with forced circulation, it is important to correctly select the power of the circulation pump. The specific choice is made based on the size of the building:

for houses with an area of up to 250 m2, a pump with a capacity of 3.5 m3/hour and a pressure of 0.4 MPa is sufficient;
250-350 m2 – power from 4.5 m3/hour, pressure 0.6 MPa;
over 350 m 2 - power from 11 m 3 / hour, pressure from 0.8 MPa.

Despite the fact that it is more difficult to install two-pipe heating with your own hands than a one-pipe network, such a system, due to its high reliability and efficiency, fully justifies itself during operation.

Heating systems

Installation of a water heating system can be carried out in different ways. The central unit is the installation that produces heat. It forms the temperature of the coolant, which, using natural or forced circulation, is delivered to the heating devices along laid lines. Conventionally, the transport network can be divided into two types. It can be assembled using one-pipe or two-pipe junction. It is easier to install a single-pipe main yourself, but the calculation of a two-pipe heating system must be carried out taking into account many technical parameters various technical units.

A detailed analysis of the operating principle of each option, as well as their operational advantages and disadvantages, will help you understand which system is better. This will be discussed further.

Single pipe heating system

The single-pipe heating system began to be used initially, when the full-scale construction of small-sized five-story buildings was completed in the Soviet Union and put into operation central heating. The utility workers were given the task of providing the people with heat and making it as cheap as possible. Therefore, it was decided to save on everything, including gaskets. engineering communications. That is why a single-pipe heating system was born, which allows heating both the residential and industrial sectors.

A serious economic effect when using a single-pipe system is formed due to the absence of coolant return risers. Vertical assembly of such a highway does not require much labor, which is why it was most often used until recently. Heat loss no one was counting. No one thought about the efficiency of the described pipeline assembly. However, many years of operation have made it possible to identify all the shortcomings of the single-pipe main.

How does a single-pipe line work?

The operating principle of single-pipe piping is extremely clear. The coolant supply has one closed system, consisting of a heating installation and heating devices. They are connected to each other by one circuit with one riser. It is he who connects all technical units in a sequential order. In order to ensure the transportation of coolant, a hydraulic pump is often used, which pushes hot water through vertical risers laid in apartment buildings.

According to the implementation scheme, the one-pipe system is divided into two types:

Vertical.
Horizontal.

Vertical is used to organize heating in multi-storey buildings. In this case, the batteries are connected from the top floor to the bottom using a vertical riser. Horizontal piping is best suited for a private home. IN in this case all radiators are connected in series order using a horizontal riser.

Negative aspects of using the described option

Single pipe heating system

Both vertical and horizontal piping do not always work effectively. Serial connection of radiators does not allow temperature control in separate room. If somewhere in the middle, using a thermal valve, slightly shut off the coolant supply, wanting to reduce the heating temperature separate room, all subsequent heating devices will become cold.

More than 10 batteries cannot be connected to the vertical riser at the same time. Violation of this rule will lead to the fact that at the very top the temperature of the coolant will be at its maximum - approximately +105 degrees, and on the lower floor the batteries will not warm up above +45 degrees. In the winter season, when there are people outside the window very coldy, this is not enough and people will freeze.

Another serious disadvantage is the need to use powerful pumping equipment. It is the powerful hydraulic pump that provides the necessary pressure inside the system, which allows the single-pipe system to operate effectively. Its inclusion in the system increases operating costs, but this is not the worst thing.

Any hydraulic pump cannot provide uniform pressure inside the system, so water hammer often occurs, which contributes to the appearance of leaks. Accidents force the system to be constantly replenished with water. And this also leads to additional costs.

And last negative point operation of single-pipe piping. For its normal functioning, it is necessary to install a special expansion tank. When heating a private house, it is placed in the attic, and a technical room is set up there to service this unit. IN apartment building a similar problem is solved differently. Stable temperature balancing is ensured by installing jumpers on each floor. And also by increasing the number of radiator sections with which the lower floors are heated.

Positive points

Heating system of a private house

Despite such a large number of disadvantages of the one-pipe system, it has its own positive operational and specifications. They are quite capable of compensating for all of the listed disadvantages:

Firstly, with the advent of new technologies, it was possible to eliminate the problem of uneven heating of rooms. This is done by installing modern radiators, equipped with automatic thermostats, thermostatic valves or radiator regulators. Their use is especially important when heating a private home.
Secondly, the use of bypasses and valves, with the help of which balancing is carried out, as well as convenient ball valves and reliable shutoff equipment, allows you to repair one heating device without shutting down the entire system as a whole.
Thirdly, the assembly of a one-pipe system still requires 2 times less material than the installation of a two-pipe system. The absence of extra pipes, jumpers and complex connections to batteries allows you not only to save on purchases additional elements and installation of the pipeline itself, but also to lay a pipeline that looks more aesthetically pleasing.

Two-pipe heating system

The operating principle of a two-pipe heating system is somewhat different from that described above. In this case, the coolant rises along the riser and is supplied to each heating radiator. And then it returns through the return line back into the pipeline, which transports it to the heating boiler.

With this scheme, the radiator is served by two pipes - supply and return, which is why the system is called two-pipe.

What advantages does this arrangement provide?

Two-pipe main

What can you expect when you choose this option organization of heating of a private and residential apartment building?

Such a system allows you to organize uniform heating of each radiator. Any battery, no matter what floor it is on, receives hot water at the same temperature. If desired, you can install a thermostat on the radiator, and then the weather in the house can be adjusted self-adjustment. The use of a thermostat in a separate room does not affect the heat transfer of radiators installed in other apartments.
In a two-pipe system, there are no large pressure losses during coolant circulation. Therefore, a powerful hydraulic pump is not needed for the normal functioning of the system. Water can circulate thanks to gravitational force, that is, by gravity. And if the water pressure is weak, it is enough to install a low-power pumping unit, more economical and easier to maintain.
With the help of shut-off equipment, bypasses and valves, it is easy to organize such circuits that will allow you to repair, if necessary, one heating device without turning off the entire heating of the house.
Another additional bonus of a two-pipe piping is the ability to use the associated and dead-end movement of hot water.

What is a passing scheme? This is when water both in the supply and return flows in the same direction. In a dead-end circuit, supply and return water circulates in opposite directions. When driving in parallel, provided that radiators of the same power are used, ideal hydraulic balancing is established. Therefore, there is no need to additionally use battery presetting valves.

If heating devices have different power, you will have to calculate the heat loss of each, carry out calculations and link the radiators using thermostatic valves. It is very difficult to do this yourself without knowledge and skills.

Note! Associated hydraulic gravity flow is used where pipelines are installed long distance. For short systems, a dead-end coolant flow pattern is used.

Classification of two-pipe heating system

Types of systems

The classification of two-pipe piping is made according to the location of the pipeline and the method of arranging the distribution system.

According to the location of the pipeline, it is divided into vertical and horizontal. At vertical diagram all batteries are connected to a vertical riser. This option is most often used in apartment buildings. Main advantage of this connection- no air pockets.

For a private house with a large area, experts recommend choosing horizontal two-pipe wiring and installing a Mayevsky tap in each radiator. It is needed to bleed air, and an example of it correct installation has been described in detail more than once in previous articles.

According to the wiring method, a two-pipe system can have lower and upper piping. In this case, the hot water supply riser is placed in the basement or basement. The return line is located here, but is installed below the supply. All radiators are located at the top. The upper one is connected to the common circuit overhead line allowing excess air to be removed from the system.

During installation top harness the entire distribution line is installed in the insulated attic of the building. It is also installed there expansion tank. This scheme cannot be used if there is a flat roof.

Disadvantages of a two-pipe system

Dual circuit system

Comparing two battery wiring schemes, it is easy to conclude which is better. The two-pipe one is in any case much more efficient. But it has one significant drawback. Its assembly will require twice as many pipes. In addition, they come with a large number of fasteners, valves and fittings, so installation of a two-pipe system is much more expensive.

Until recently, when assembling two-pipe piping they used steel pipes and the labor-intensive processes of welding them, the amount was prohibitive. With the advent of metal-plastic and hot soldering technology, laying a two-pipe main has become accessible to almost everyone.

Generalization on the topic

We hope you have concluded for yourself which heating radiator piping system is better - one-pipe or two-pipe. For a private house with a small area and a multi-storey building, the height of which does not exceed 5 floors, single-pipe piping can be an ideal option. In all other cases, it is worth using a two-pipe scheme.

All existing heating systems can be divided into two groups:

single-pipe;
two-pipe.

To answer the question: which heating system is better, one-pipe or two-pipe, it is necessary to understand on what principle each of them works.

This will clearly indicate the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, and will also help to make the most optimal choice, both technically and from the point of view necessary funds To understand, a single-pipe or two-pipe heating system is more suitable.

Videos about the types of heating systems can be easily found on the World Wide Web.

Advantages of a single-pipe heating system

fewer materials and resources;
hydrodynamic stability;
less labor intensive design and installation;
no special infrastructure requirements.

But with all these advantages, we can say with complete confidence that a single-pipe system is far from the most best scheme, according to which heating can be realized. Still main reason, why did the single-pipe system receive wide use With us, this is an undeniable saving of material.

Single-pipe heating system: operating principle

Such a system has one riser (main pipe). Through it, heated water (or any other coolant) rises to the upper floors of the building (if it is a multi-story building).

All heating devices (units for heat transfer - batteries or radiators) are connected in series to the downward line.

Modernization of single-pipe heating systems

A technical solution has been developed that makes it possible to regulate the operation of each individual heating device.

It consists of connecting special closing sections (bypasses), which make it possible to integrate radiator automatic thermostats into heating systems. What other benefits are possible when installing bypasses? We'll talk about this in more detail later.

The main advantage of this modernization is that in this case it becomes possible to regulate the heating temperature of each battery or radiator. In addition, you can completely shut off the coolant supply to the device.

Thanks to this, such a heating device can be repaired or replaced without shutting down the entire system.

The bypass is a bypass pipe equipped with valves or taps. If such fittings are correctly connected to the system, it will allow the water flow to be redirected along the riser, bypassing the heating device being repaired or replaced.

It is not difficult to understand that the task of installing such devices into a system with your own hands is hardly possible to solve, even if there is a detailed instructions. In this case, it is impossible to do without the participation of a specialist.

A heating system with one main riser must be equipped with heating devices that have improved reliability characteristics. Any devices in a one-pipe system must withstand high blood pressure and high temperature.

Vertical and horizontal riser diagram

According to the implementation scheme itself, single-stack heating comes in two types:

vertical;
horizontal.

If heating appliances are connected from the top floor to the bottom, this is a vertical riser. If the batteries are connected in series to each other throughout all rooms of a building floor, this is a horizontal riser.

Disadvantages of a single-pipe heating system

complexity of thermal and hydraulic calculations of the network;
difficulty in eliminating errors in the calculations of heating devices;
interdependence of the operating characteristics of all devices on the network;
increased hydrodynamic resistance;
limiting the number of heating devices on one riser;
inability to regulate batteries and radiators with regulators (pictured below)

Important!
If you connect more than ten heating devices (for example, eleven) to a vertical riser, then on the first radiator in the network the water temperature will be about 105 ° C, and on the last one - 45 ° C.

Single-stack heating in individual construction

If heating with one main riser is installed in a one-story building, then it will be possible to get rid of at least one significant drawback of such a scheme - uneven heating.

If such heating is implemented in a multi-story building, then the upper floors will be heated much more intensely than the lower floors. This will lead to a situation where it is cold on the first floors of the house, and hot on the upper floors.

A private house (mansion, cottage) is rarely more than two or three floors high. Therefore, installing heating, the diagram of which was described above, does not threaten the fact that upper floors the temperature will be much higher than on the lower floors.

Two-pipe heating system: advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of a two-pipe manifold system

It becomes possible to install automatic thermostats for radiators or radiators. In this case, such devices are provided at the system design stage;
Pipes according to this scheme are routed throughout the premises through a special collector system. If one of the elements in the system fails or begins to operate unstably, this does not in any way affect the operation of the remaining devices in the circuit;
In other words, with a two-pipe system, the elements of the thermal circuit are connected in parallel, unlike in series - with a single-pipe system.

The main disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system

heating becomes more complex according to the connection diagram;
the price of the project requires more funds;
installation of the circuit is more labor-intensive.

Where are two-pipe heating systems used:

in individual housing construction;
in so-called “elite” housing projects;
high-rise buildings (with overhead wiring)

Important!
When designing buildings with more than 9-10 storeys, it is better to use either single pipe system with horizontal floor-to-floor wiring, or two-pipe with upper vertical wiring.
This will ensure better circulation.

Advantages of two-pipe collector heating

reduced hydrodynamic resistance;
possibility of independent temperature control in each room.

Before starting, the collector heating system requires careful pre-setting. For correct installation, installation and operation of a two-pipe system requires the availability of appropriate infrastructure.

Options for wiring diagrams of a two-pipe system

Upper wiring

A system with top wiring is suitable for natural circulation (without the use of pumps) (). It has lower hydrodynamic resistance. In this case, the upper supply main pipe is partially cooled. Due to this, additional coolant circulation pressure is generated.

Bottom wiring

In a system with bottom wiring, both the supply and discharge pipes are located nearby.

There are such modifications of the lower wiring:

So, is the heating system one-pipe or two-pipe? In each case it is necessary to have preliminary calculations and the project (see), on the basis of which both heating devices and the main pipes themselves will be selected (see). Final decision only for you.

In residential buildings for comfortable stay high-quality communications are necessary, including those intended for heating. They are divided into two large groups- single-pipe and double-pipe. The first ones are much simpler and cheaper. Hot water is supplied and discharged through one pipeline to all heating devices connected to the system in series. Single pipe system - perfect option for a one-story house with small area no basement.

Advantages and disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system

Despite the higher installation cost, systems with two pipelines are used more often, as they are suitable for buildings of any number of floors and configurations. It should be borne in mind that the decision to install such heating is best made at the construction stage. Although the possibility of installation in a finished house cannot be ruled out.

The two-pipe system received this name due to the fact that the coolant One pipe is supplied to the radiators, and the other is removed. Heating devices are connected in parallel, and the temperature in them does not depend on the distance to the collector or boiler.

The main advantages of a two-pipe system:

All heating devices receive coolant from the same temperature;
it is possible to install thermostats on radiators that allow you to regulate the temperature of the coolant;
the failure of one heating device does not in any way affect the operation of the others;
can be used in houses with any number of floors.

The disadvantages include:

many pipes and connecting elements;
quite complicated installation;
higher cost than a single pipe system.

Varieties of a two-pipe system

Two-pipe heating can be with natural and forced circulation of coolant, with vertical or horizontal wiring. Exist various installation schemes for one-story, two-story and multi-story buildings.

Vertical two-pipe distribution in a one-story house

The main advantage of such a system is the ability to install pipes of the same diameter and high pressure due to the difference in supply and return levels. The main circumstance that may not suit you is the need to install an expansion tank on unheated attic. But this drawback can be eliminated if the tank is moved to a heated area.

Those who choose overhead wiring most likely do not care about the location of the pipes under the ceiling. In this case, the supply pipe can be placed above the windows, and the tank under the ceiling. But it should be taken into account that it may circulation rate will decrease due to a decrease in the length of the riser. With this scheme, the pipes will be above the windows in all rooms without exception.

If the distance from the top of the window to the ceiling is too small, then next to the riser you can make a cutout in the ceiling so that the tank remains in a heated room. You just have to insulate it top part. In this case, the riser will be longer. But it will be impossible to take away process water, since the expansion tank cannot be combined with consumables.

When using two pipelines, the return line is installed near the floor or under the floor. But when installed under the floor, you cannot use connecting elements. They raise the likelihood of a leak.

Pipes above the windows or under the ceiling spoil appearance premises. In addition, some heat is lost through the ceiling. Therefore, there is a scheme with a supply pipeline under the radiators. But the main ones disadvantages of upper wiring it doesn't fix it.

When the coolant enters from above, there are practically no air jams, since the pressure in the riser is quite high. If you include a pump in the system, you can use pipes of minimal diameter.

Vertical two-pipe distribution in a two-story house

If the house has two floors, this scheme is more effective - circulation increases due to the large difference in height between the radiators on the second floor and the boiler located in the basement. Hot water from the boiler enters the distribution tank in the attic or second floor, then is directed through an inclined pipeline to the heating devices. In this option, the expansion tank can be combined with a distribution tank intended for hot water supply. If you have a wood boiler, the house turns out to be completely independent from power outages.

In a two-story house, a combined system may turn out to be even more successful - a combination of a single-pipe and two-pipe scheme. At the same time, it remains possible regulate temperature regime in all rooms.

Another option is to lay pipes on the second floor in the form warm floor. This part can be installed as a separate one-pipe system. If the supply pipe is directed from the boiler to the second floor, there is no need to slope the pipeline.

TO shortcomings upper wiring can be attributed to:

high pipe consumption;
problems when placing the expansion tank;
unaesthetic appearance of the premises;
additional costs for decorative finishing(to hide the pipes);
on the second floor the rooms are heated better;
it is not always possible to combine the expansion tank with the distribution tank;
cannot be installed in large areas.

But the top wiring is often used because of the main advantage - the high speed of water circulation and the absence of air pockets.

Two-pipe system with bottom wiring

Horizontal wiring has two main features - increased pipeline diameter and its location at an angle relative to the plane. You can install a system with horizontal wiring and natural circulation or with a pump (with forced circulation). This scheme is chosen in houses with flat roof and a good basement.

When using horizontal wiring, the supply pipeline can be mounted at the same level as the radiators or even under them. The main disadvantage of such a system is frequent formation of air pockets, to eliminate which it is necessary to install Mayevsky taps on each heating device.

Advantages of bottom wiring:

high efficiency;
can be installed in an unfinished building;
you can turn off the top floor if it is temporarily not in use or is undergoing repairs;
all shut-off valves are installed in one room;
The system is easy to close and adjust.

A system with bottom wiring can be with radiators installed in parallel or a collector system. In the second option, two pipelines depart from the collector to each radiator - supply and discharge. Premises warm up better but installation requires a large amount of pipe materials and connecting elements.

Installation features

During installation two-pipe heating Some rules must be followed:

If a collector is installed in the heating system, it must be installed in such a way that the distance from it to any radiator is the same. The material for the pipeline is selected depending on the preferences of the home owner and hydraulic calculations.

Wiring a heating system in a multi-storey building

In multi-storey buildings, combined heating systems are most often installed - distribution across floors with two pipes, and across apartments - with one. But sometimes there are other options.

The worst thing is if a single-pipe wiring is used in an apartment building. The main disadvantage of such a system is large heat losses during transportation of coolant. Hot water moves from below, is distributed to all apartments and returns to the same pipeline. It usually turns out that radiators on the upper floors are almost cold. It’s even worse if the system is simplified during installation - radiators are embedded in the pipeline, that is, they are elements of the pipeline. Residents of the first floors win. On last floors The coolant enters even colder than with the non-simplified scheme.

There is no point in talking about adjusting the temperature of radiators. If you change the supply parameters in one heating device, they will immediately change throughout the entire system. Besides, in case of an accident during heating season To change one radiator, you need to turn off the entire system and drain the water from it. To avoid this, special jumpers are used.

You can slightly improve heating performance with one pipe if you install radiators of different sizes- the first ones are small, the last ones are the largest. This can make heating more even. If the developer skimps on materials, after occupancy problems arise with the distribution of thermal energy, and the residents remain dissatisfied.

The two-pipe system is more convenient, as it allows you to keep the temperature at the same level in all heating devices. The water that has cooled in the radiators is returned through another pipeline. In addition, residents have the opportunity regulate temperature each heating device and install taps with thermostats. Another advantage is the ability to include radiators with bottom and side connections into the system.

Heating wiring diagram for a private house

The choice of heating wiring diagram primarily depends on number of floors and area of the house. For example, in one-story house with an area of less than 100 m2, no one will install two pipelines. Depending on the presence of a basement and attic, the owner will choose a single-pipe system with top or bottom wiring. If the boiler is installed in the basement, horizontal wiring is preferable. If there is no cellar, then the only option is vertical wiring.

If at home big square and two or three floors, then you definitely need to install heating with two pipelines, with vertical or horizontal wiring. Both options have both advantages and disadvantages. At vertical wiring the temperature is evenly distributed across the heating devices, but you need a well-insulated attic. The advantages of horizontal wiring include the possibility of installing radiators with different connections and placing all control devices in one room. Main disadvantages horizontal system:high consumption of pipe materials, complex and time-consuming installation, impossibility of installing heating devices made of cast iron.

In small two-story houses Closed single-pipe vertical heating “Leningradka” is often installed. The pipeline is laid around the perimeter, a vertical riser is welded to the boiler, an expansion tank is installed in the attic, from which The coolant is distributed over the radiators. But the final choice of scheme depends entirely on the preferences of the home owners