Sets of equipment for infrared saunas. Infrared emitters for saunas: selection and installation Infrared sauna halogen

On one respected resource, on the World Wide Web, in the article “Infrared heaters for saunas,” a model was long and knowledgeably described, which, in particular, states the following: “the effective heat flux of the emitter is maintained at a distance of 9000 mm from the heated object, which will allow it to work perfectly in production workshops with high ceilings" A curtain.

Comrades “experts”, “heating engineers” and other “analysts”, have pity on the unfortunate users. Your wonderful recommendations for using infrared systems will restore them to the state of grilled chicken, guaranteed, and in a few minutes. You can not do it this way. And now, about serious things.

Have the lowest surface temperature. Wave radiation lies in the so-called “far” infrared range, which is as close as possible to the natural thermal background human body. Manufacturers promise that these products have the most significant therapeutic effect in the entire line, which includes infrared sauna heaters.

Film emitters

In aggregate thermal characteristics, they should be considered the most ineffective. The time it takes for a cabin equipped with such elements to reach operating mode is about 25 minutes, and in substandard, “squandered” conditions electrical network and more. The undoubted advantages include very low weight, with a large radiated surface, and ease of installation, due to the extreme flexibility and plasticity of the element itself.

What you should pay attention to when choosing elements

Infrared heaters for baths have a number of consumer qualities that are worth paying attention to when purchasing them:

1. The wavelength should be on the order of 9.8 µm. This most closely matches the natural thermal background of the human body. According to experts, it is precisely this infrared emitter for a sauna that has the most pronounced therapeutic and restorative effect.
2. Due to the fact that a number of emitter elements are heated to high temperatures, they must be protected with a special buffer grid.
3. Famous European brands have almost completely stopped producing first and second generation elements since 1998.
4. U-shaped heaters, in addition to being compact, have an extremely low probability of leakage current, even in humid air conditions.
5. You should definitely inquire about the cross-section of the heating element’s spiral. The higher it is and the better the quality of the ligature of its alloy, the greater the chance that the element will last longer.
6. The same can be applied to the design of the case. Quality product it is assembled in a evacuated chamber and hermetically sealed, which makes it possible for the coil to operate in an oxygen-free environment, minimizing the phenomenon of temperature corrosion.
7. Reflectors should not be manufactured by galvanizing. This is unsafe from a sanitary point of view and, obviously, will not add health to the user of such a design. The best option is polished aluminum with a heat-resistant alloy.
8. The effective radiation angle of the front and rear reflectors should be within 120 degrees. This will avoid the appearance of so-called “blind spots” in the cabin volume. For corner reflectors, a flow opening angle of 90 degrees can be considered sufficient.

And one last thing. If the distance to the heated object is 450 - 650 mm, then the power of the emitter for effective heating must be at least 500 W. When the distance of the source from the object is less than 450 mm, a power of 320 - 370 W can be accepted as sufficient.

Conclusion

Infrared sauna heaters are an important, if not the key, component of a system of this type, and not only the service life of the product, but also the comfort and safety of the procedures performed, their therapeutic and restorative preventive effect depends on their quality. You should not make quick decisions regarding purchase. There is always time and opportunity to think, and our material, we hope, will provide significant assistance in this matter.

Increasingly, owners country houses refuse traditional stove heating and choose heating devices. This is due to the fact that stove heating requires the preparation of firewood before winter, and also involves some difficulties. For example, to heat with wood, it is necessary to set up a woodshed and constantly carry firewood into the house during heating. If country house or the sauna is used only once a week or even less often, it is easier to purchase a heater.

How to choose

Before choosing a device for heating a summer house in winter, you need to consider several types of such devices and determine which one is suitable for a particular home. There are many models that will provide your home with hot water.

Most sauna heaters are powered by electricity. They are purchased quite often, which is due to the ease of use of the device. Increasingly, owners suburban areas purchase infrared heaters. To decide to purchase such a device, it is necessary to consider the advantages and disadvantages of these designs.

Features of infrared devices

The advantages of infrared heaters include:

• ease of installation;
• compactness of such equipment;
• no need to prepare firewood;
• lower energy costs compared to electric furnaces;
• after relaxing in a steam room with infrared heaters, headaches do not appear, which usually accompany spending time in a standard steam room;
• absence unpleasant odors, which distribute wood stoves;
• the ability to heat a certain zone in the room;
• steam room heating speed.

It is worth noting that the cost of infrared devices for a bath is lower than the cost of construction wood stove. Infrared heaters also have disadvantages. These include the presence of contraindications. Before installing such devices, you need to learn more about the diseases in which you should not use them.

Another disadvantage is the appearance of infrared heaters, since they do not fit into the interior of a Russian bath. To heat the entire steam room, you need to purchase several heaters, so the cost of sauna equipment is quite high. To purchase high-quality infrared heaters, it is worth considering the ratings of devices compiled by consumers.

The most common heater models

One of the most popular infrared devices for baths is the UFO Alf 3000. It looks like a small rectangle, the dimensions of which are 190x1080x90 mm. This infrared heater is capable of warming up a room up to 30 square meters. It is worth noting that warming up occurs in about 3 hours. The power of the heating element in the device is 3 kW/hour. It can be installed either on the included legs or hung on the wall.

A model called “ENSA P900G” is also considered a popular bath device. These infrared heaters are designed for indoor use. small area and are capable of warming the air over an area of ​​18 square meters. The peculiarity of this device is that it first heats objects, after which heat is transferred to the air. It is worth noting that this heater maintains the humidity level in the room. This product can raise the temperature to about 24 degrees in just 2 hours.

“UFO ECO 1800” is another heating device that can be considered one of the most popular. The small size of this product allows it to be installed almost anywhere. This heater can operate even outdoors using an autonomous power source.

Often, owners of country houses purchase infrared heaters for baths called “ENSA P750T”. The peculiarity of this heater is that its body does not heat up during use. Such infrared devices used to heat rooms whose size is approximately 14 square meters. They are almost invisible and can be installed on legs and mounted on the wall.

The “UFO LINE 1800” model is also often purchased. It has the following advantages:

• reliability;
• small sizes;
• efficiency;
• efficiency.

2 hours in winter this device for a bathhouse it can warm up a room of up to 18 square meters. Another feature of this heater is that it can be installed on special legs, mounted on the wall and ceiling, and also used outdoors.

The best infrared heaters

In order not to make a mistake when choosing an infrared heating device for your dacha, it is worth considering the most popular models, which are rated by customers as the best. These include the following infrared devices:

Conclusion

All presented models of devices are suitable for summer cottages and can serve as the main source of heating.

The healing effect of saunas of all types is based on thermal effects, the source of which can be various technical devices. A person is enveloped in wet steam or dry heated air in steam rooms of the Russian, Finnish or Turkish type.

Infrared sauna heaters operate in a completely different way, heating bodies and other objects through the penetration of rays inside. In this case, the air temperature can increase due to the release of thermal energy not only from the source of the waves, but also from surrounding objects.

Advantages of IR heaters

When visiting ordinary baths, a person finds himself in a space whose air is heated by direct heat transfer from electrical, gas equipment or from steam obtained with the participation of .

In recent decades, popularity has increased, the operating principle of which is based on the laws of not only thermodynamics, but also optics.

It turned out that radiation in the specified range has a beneficial effect on the body, warming it from the inside surrounded by ordinary air. The advantages of infrared heaters for baths over traditional heat sources are as follows:

• the heat source is small in size;
• installation is simple and quick;
• electricity consumption is much less than other devices;
• the original concentration of oxygen is maintained in the air;
• bad odors and fuel oxidation products do not accumulate in the space;
• if desired, you can direct the rays locally, to one zone;
• The temperature in the sauna increases quickly;
• due to the absence of convection, the formation of drafts is excluded;
• the proportion of moisture in the air does not change in the room;
• installation in apartments of high-rise buildings is possible.

Of course, it is worth remembering possible disadvantages; It’s better to think through all aspects in advance so as not to be disappointed later.

You should understand that such a bathhouse is suitable for not the most big companies and not for every person, so you should consult a doctor before visiting.

Installing IR heaters in a sauna entails the need to purchase additional equipment, so that the total investment will be noticeable for the budget.

The impressions from the visit are undoubtedly pleasant, but they are somewhat different from the memories of traditional steam rooms, which have their own charm.

Principle of operation

The operation of an infrared heater is based on the fact that the emitter delivers waves of a strictly defined length into the surrounding space.

IR radiation is the region between the visible part of the spectrum (wavelength 0.74 μm) and microwave radio radiation (wavelength 2000 μm). Infrared wave vibrations have a wide range of values, which is divided into three types of waves:

• close (short);
• average;
• distant (long).

The first group has a length from the value of the beginning of the region to 2.5 μm; the third group has a length from the end of the region to 50 μm; the second group has a length whose values ​​fall in the middle.

Differences in wavelength affect the properties appearance infrared emitters, flow transmission speed, heating intensity of the working elements themselves, the dimensions of the room for which the equipment is intended.

Models with a short-wave beam flux during operation are slightly colored in yellow-red shades, the temperature of the heating element can reach 1000 ° C. Such equipment is recommended to be installed in high production workshops, with a ceiling height of about 9 m.

Heaters emitting rays of medium length are suitable for quickly increasing the temperature in rooms whose height does not exceed 6 m. The device has a heating element with a maximum temperature reached during operation of 600 °C.

Long-wavelength models deliver waves that penetrate deeply into objects, in particular the human body. In this case, the working element itself heats up to 300 °C. Such infrared equipment is suitable for small spaces, saunas, office premises with a ceiling height not exceeding 3 m.

Kinds

For saunas, IR heaters powered by electricity are used; devices that use the combustion energy of gas or diesel fuel are inconvenient to operate in such conditions.

Infrared heating elements are made from various materials, causing the formation of waves of a certain length; The design comes in a variety of forms.

Note! Ceramic products in which the element is made in the form of a panel are popular.

Inside the plane there is an emitter made of nichrome, capable of heating up to 1000 ℃, or fechral, working temperature which is equal to 800 ℃. Infrared heaters with a ceramic surface are successfully used in intensive mode for 4 years, after which repair or replacement of the element may be necessary.

The heater can be hung on the ceiling or walls, while the temperature regulator is located in a place convenient for users.

IR lamps with a carbon element contain a quartz tube in which carbon nanofibers are placed. The cost of such equipment is higher than other models, but the efficiency and benefits for the body justify the costs, especially since it lasts forever.

Film emitters of infrared waves have a peculiar appearance. Such heaters can be placed on any surface of the sauna or living room. The devices have a unique design and are an original addition to the interior in a modern style.

Many sauna heaters have an aluminum plate mounted in them, which helps to distribute the radiant flux evenly. As a result thermal energy distributed throughout the entire space from floor to ceiling with equal intensity. The period of safe operation is 7 years, which is quite enough, considering the degree of load of the infrared emitter.

Models for baths and saunas

The room of a bathhouse or sauna has specifics, a special purpose and dimensions, so when choosing, this circumstance must be taken into account.

Heating a dacha in winter is one task, but year-round a steam room or cottage is a completely different task, differing in the intensity of the process, the size and shape of the heaters.

In saunas, the entire space needs to be heated evenly; usually, several heaters are used for this. They are fixed on the back wall, side planes or in corners under the ceiling, in the lower plane to warm the feet.

Sufficient power should be discussed with consultants, telling them the size of the room, its height and the maximum possible number of visitors.

Note! Infrared film heaters are very easy to install and use in a sauna; they can be mounted under any decorative finishing ceiling, floor or walls.

In addition to film devices, you should purchase a thermostat; this will increase the total cost of funds, but the service life, provided they are installed by professionals, is a couple of decades.

Visitors like flat heaters placed on the walls; devices are sold in beautiful frames, they are painted in different colors or made in the form of mirrors.

Advice! If the sauna cabin is small in size, then it makes sense to purchase infrared reflectors that can disperse the rays evenly throughout the space or into a strictly designated area.

The shape of the reflectors determines the heating characteristics of a person in the steam room, so when purchasing, you need to describe the type of room, its design and express your wishes regarding the direction heat flow.

After making a fundamental decision to purchase an infrared sauna heater, you need to think about which model to choose. The authority of the manufacturer is of great importance. It is pleasant to note that such devices are excellently made at domestic enterprises.

It is necessary to determine what type of control, shape, power, type of heater will fully meet the desires and needs of future users. It is clear that for a calm visit by all family members, from grandchildren to great-grandmothers, it is important to buy the safest models, even if they cost more. An infrared heater is installed in a sauna on long years, so excessive savings are inappropriate.

An infrared sauna equipment set consists of only two main elements: an IR sauna heater and a temperature control device.

The main difference between this type of sauna and ordinary ones is that the human body, being under the influence of infrared rays, warms up from the inside in contrast to the steam room, in which the skin comes first, and then the muscles and organs. Warming up “from the inside” in an infrared sauna is achieved due to the fact that skin covering a person transmits rays through itself, which are very effectively absorbed by the liquid in a person.

IN this moment The infrared sauna market offers a wide range of configurations, as well as big choice models of IR heaters. In addition to ceramic emitters, there are: carbon, film, quartz and others. All of them are good in their own way and the only difference is what heating element the sauna manufacturer uses.

Using a ceramic IR heater, you can assemble a sauna, roughly speaking, even at home from an old cabinet. The power of such a sauna will be about 2 kW. This is no more than a regular boiler or electric stove.

Specifications

Example of schematic layout infrared heaters in an infrared sauna.

To buy infrared emitters for a sauna, you need to call or write to email indicated in the contacts section. Our employees will advise you on the selection of power and installation of ceramic infrared emitters.

Uborg heaters, read here

Infrared heating elements are the basis of an infrared sauna and largely determine its performance characteristics.

Infrared heaters - sauna heaters. Installation and operation

There are currently 3 types of infrared heaters on the market: metal(made in China, Korea), quartz glass(made in Germany) and ceramic(produced in Russia, South Korea/China).

By design, an infrared heater is a metal housing (reflector) in which a heating element is placed. The heating element is a tube, inside of which there is a nichrome spiral. To protect against touches, the reflectors are covered with a protective grille on top.

Under the influence of the flowing electric current, the spiral is heated to a temperature of 450-600°C or more. The heat of the heated coil heats up the emitter tube, which begins to emit invisible infrared radiation. The intensity and spectrum of infrared radiation depends on the temperature of the heating element.

As we showed earlier, when the human body is exposed to infrared radiation in the frequency spectrum of 1-3 microns and an intensity of at least 500-800 W/m2, you can get the effect deep penetration IR radiation into the human body.

Such parameters are best provided by heaters with a surface temperature of the heating element of 230-300°C.

At the same time, if you use high-intensity heating elements (heated to temperatures of 450-500°C or more), you can get a negative effect on the human body.

In this case, the skin cannot absorb (absorb) the entire flow of energy and the surface layer of the skin begins to overheat. In addition, photons of light, which have high quantum energy, have a negative effect on the skin cells themselves, destroying the molecules inside the cell.

Not all heaters are the same - they have design differences, which affect performance.

Heating element temperature

In addition to the radiation spectrum, the temperature of the heating element affects the heating of the air.

At temperatures above 400°C it is necessary to take special measures By fire safety infrared saunas.

The fact is that the air can heat up so much that charring is possible interior lining cabins

Pay attention to this photo: you can see how the emitters with a metal heating element char the protective strips and walls of the cabin. So not far from the fire.

This is an example of how the builders of the infrared cabin did not provide for the removal of convective heat flows. Such problems are typical for metal and quartz heaters.

Relative aperture (radiation area)

Used in infrared saunas direct method heating a person without intermediate coolants, i.e.

infrared radiation from the heater must directly hit the human body. And the larger the surface on the human body this IR radiation “illuminates”, the more efficient the heating process will be. If the heater is small in size, then heating will occur in some local zone, and the rest of the body will not warm up due to infrared radiation.

The relative opening of the heater is the net area of ​​infrared radiation output, which is equal to: radiation area - area of ​​the protective grid.

For example, consider the EOS IRS4 heater (photo on the right). Its dimensions are 530x185 mm. The radiation area is 45.4x15= 681 cm2.

The protective grille is made of perforated sheet metal with wide slats. in this case, the relative aperture of the EOS IRS4 heaters will be 407 cm2, which is only 60% of the radiating area of ​​the heater.

The area of ​​the back of a person of average height is about 3000 cm2, it is easy to calculate that two EOS IRS4 heaters will “illuminate” only 27% of the back area, which is absolutely not enough for high-quality heating.

To compensate for the insufficient radiation area, manufacturers often use metal heating elements with an increased surface temperature in such heaters.

Which, in turn, leads to air overheating, etc.

For example, the figure on the left shows a graphical relationship between the area of ​​a person’s back and two heaters from different companies.

Equipment for infrared sauna: pros and cons of carbon type heaters

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infrared sauna heaters description and types

Dear friends,

In this article we will try to describe Various types infrared heaters for saunas tell their technical characteristics.

There are four main types of infrared sauna heaters:

1 Ceramic infrared sauna heaters Elstein

2 Incoloy IR emitters (heating element as a emitting element)

3 Ceramic IR emitters (ceramic tube as a emitting element)

4 Carbon emitter

infrared sauna heaters Pros and cons:

1 Ceramic infrared sauna heaters Elstein

Long service life (more than 10,000 hours)

Heating over the entire surface

The largest spectrum of infrared radiation, allowing for maximum therapeutic effect.

Easy installation

- relatively high power consumption

2 Incoloy IR emitters (heating element as a emitting element)

Wide distribution, easy search for spare parts.

- short service life of the heating element

3 Ceramic infrared sauna heaters (ceramic tube as radiating element)

Widespread, low cost.

Service life longer than heating element

- limited wavelength,

— Installation only in a protective housing with a reflector

4 Carbon emitter

Easy installation

Long service life

- no possibility to repair

— Gloomy design.

You can view infrared sauna heaters by contacting our partners

VIEW ALL types of infrared sauna heaters Elstein

2016 © Varus LLC.

Supply heating elements automation and components

Design studio "Adequate People"

Ask us a question

These days it is difficult to find a person who has not visited a sauna at least once. Except therapeutic effect, it has a good preventive effect on our body during periods of hypothermia and viral diseases, and gives health and beauty. Electric and gas infrared sauna heaters (IR) are becoming more and more popular every year.

What is the advantage of a sauna with an IR heater over a sauna with a traditional stove?

Using IR Emitters

When infrared heaters, rather than a furnace, are operating, their rays only heat objects without affecting the temperature of the surrounding air. In a regular sauna, everything around is heated by hot air, which gets its temperature from the stones that are heated by the stove.

Gas or electric oven, heating to high temperature(at least 80 °C) air traditional bath or saunas, usually uses a large number of energy. It takes a long time for the oven to heat up well (about an hour and a half).

Preheating of the IR sauna lasts 15 minutes, so its operation is more economical (up to 50%) than the operation of a stove.

Building a sauna with a gas or electric stove will take a lot of effort, time and financial costs, but purchasing an IR heater will be quick and inexpensive.

The heaters are compact and do not require special knowledge for installation. While relaxing, there is no need to constantly monitor how an electric or gas stove operates.

Infrared sauna heaters, emitters and other equipment

The owner and his guests enjoying their holiday will not be bothered by headaches that can result from the combustion of oxygen in the stove. The fumes from gas combustion, which are emitted by a gas stove during operation, are not formed during operation of the IR heater. And it doesn't dry out the air as much as a gas or electric oven; the humidity in the room remains the same.

The device design is based on electromagnetic radiation, close in power to normal room temperature.

The most powerful IR emitter known to mankind is the Sun; its infrared spectrum occupies about 50% of all radiation. The famous astronomer William Herschel came to this conclusion back in 1800.

IR emitters for baths or saunas were first proposed by Dr. Tadashi Ishikawa. Before their mass production began, they underwent scientific testing and research for 14 years. Experiments begun at the end of the last century confirm that heaters containing IR emitters are absolutely harmless to the human body.

Advice from the master!

On the contrary, the positive effect that such a device has is scientifically proven and substantiated.

Types and features of IR heaters

The modern market offers products that differ in:

In this case, attention is paid to the manufacturer, dimensions, quality of coating and type of installation.

In recent years, many have given preference to film infrared heaters, as well as reflectors and flat devices. The latter are usually called “panels”. Panel heaters are usually inserted into the rear wall of the cabin, most often at the bottom of the bench.

They are characterized by maximum intensity (provide heating temperatures up to 70 ° C). The panels are framed in “gold” or “silver” design, in different color palette. Neon lighting on a model can add chic and sophistication to the style.

The heating part of the panel is a ceramic plate, a tubular element or a carbon module.

The ceramic plate contains a conductor that will ensure uninterrupted operation of the device for 4 years. Infrared heaters, in which the ceramic plate is hollow or three-dimensional, are widely used in the construction of baths or saunas. They are durable, comfortable, reliable and affordable. For a bath or sauna it is better to use IR heaters low power, taking into account the size of the room and the number of people taking bath procedures.

IR emitters are installed either individually or in combination with a reflector and other devices.

Ceramic deserves special attention gas installation, radiating infrared rays. It uses as a heating element ceramic panel, and is powered by a gas system.

The gas ceramic model is installed on a flat, hard surface of a bathhouse or sauna.

Advice from the master!

The gas installation has a relay; it is activated if the product falls for some reason. This advantage is especially important for compliance with fire safety requirements.

The gas design operates with an uninterrupted gas supply; if interruptions occur, it turns off immediately.

Its infrared rays effectively cope with work in three modes, in a room up to 60 square meters. meters. Their gas component is replenished at any gas station, and cylinders, the gas capacity of which varies from 5 to 50 liters, depend on the device model.

The healing effect of infrared baths and saunas

This takes into account the fact that IR heaters are capable of warming the skin, muscles, tissues, tendons and everything internal organs a person to a depth of up to 4 cm, in contrast to traditional baths and saunas, in which the skin is heated only to 5 mm. The infrared radiation provided by such an emitter has a wavelength of up to 5.5 microns. The effect that the heaters in question cause:

• impaired blood circulation is restored;
• the body is cleansed of waste and toxins;
• body weight decreases;
• immunity is strengthened;
• kidney function improves.

IR heaters help restore the epidermis, increase vitality and improve mood. Such procedures are widely used by people of different ages and different weight categories, which is why such devices are increasingly being installed in private houses and apartments.

IR heaters are indispensable for a modern sauna.

Advice from the master!

They satisfy everyone necessary requirements to the safety of devices of this type, affordable, reliable and convenient. Their silent operation does not interfere with relaxation, and economical operation increases the pleasure received from the procedures.

Bath » Stoves

Thermostat for the sauna and more
The temperature range is from 50 to 150 degrees.
The controlled agent is liquid and air.
The simplest and most enjoyable example is temperature control in steam saunas and saunas.

Use in sauna
In addition to its use in production, this thermostat is suitable for temperature automation in a thermocouple.
Only one device can be connected to heating the sauna - the T32M-02 sauna thermostat.

After setting the set temperature, the heating elements are turned off.

Efficient infrared sauna heaters

When cooling below set temperature the fans turn on again.

reliability
The device is designed for an active load of 20A with a voltage of 220 V. At the same time, 20 A is fair, for which you can count, because the production of thermostats is located in Russia, and the device does not contain Russian elements.
Silver contacts ensure long-lasting operation.

Energy saving in the sauna
Thanks to the continuous heating of the heating elements, the work time teenagers, which saves up to 50% of constant work and maintains the set temperature.

Convenience
After turning on the temperature and sauna temperature, the sauna is automatically set at any time.

You don't have to constantly remember whether the heaters are on.

safety
The thermostat housing has a special grounding contact.
The thermostat prevents overheating, but constantly maintains a comfortable temperature in the sauna, even if you forget to turn it off.

T32m-02 Simple and reliable Sauna thermostat and not easy.

Capillary length up to 0.6; 1.5; 2.5 meters
Change T32M used for temperature control
V modern mediafrom 50 to 150 degrees.

The areas of application are numerous: in transport boilers, dryers, boilers, distillers, etc. Of course, not only in saunas.
Allows you to control the temperature with an accuracy of 10 to 2 degrees.
T32M-01, T32M-02 and T32M-03 have a thermal cylinder
Length 280 mm.
You can easily buy thermostats

What is the operating principle of an infrared heater: let’s figure it out together

1.Lamp infrared systems heating
2. Gas infrared heaters
3. Gas infrared built-in fireplaces
4. Film infrared heaters

Man learned to obtain the warmth that is so lacking during the cold season a long time ago.

At the same time, methods of heating space are constantly being improved. Observations of the environment, the development of science and, along with it, technology, lead to the emergence of more and more modern systems heating. The desire to protect environment and reducing costs and heat loss led to the invention of modern infrared heating systems.

The lion's share of the heat given off during convection heating of rooms, for example, by radiators, is wasted - on heating areas of space (near the ceiling, for example), the temperature of which is insignificant for a person. Part of the energy can also be spent on light radiation.

The best solution today in most cases are infrared heaters - their operating principle is to release radiant energy absorbed by surrounding objects, which, in turn, release heat into space.

The air is not heated by the infrared radiation itself. Such local heating significantly saves electricity or gas costs.

In addition, no preheating is required - infrared radiation begins to act immediately after turning on the device.

For a more detailed explanation of how infrared heating of a house or apartment is carried out, it is necessary to describe the differences in the operation of the systems in question depending on the energy source and design.

Along the way, let’s look at the operating principle of infrared heaters.

Lamp infrared heating systems

The principle of operation of an infrared lamp heater is similar to the action of solar radiation. Other devices that operate in a similar way include: heating devices, for example - halogen heaters.

The design of an infrared heater of this type is quite simple. In an environment filled inert gas, posted nichrome spiral, wound on a core made of heat-resistant material, which can be ceramic. The passing current provokes the occurrence of an effect described by the Joule-Lenz law.

The amount of heat released depends on several factors:

• Stress between the starting and ending points of the spiral.
• Resistance of the material from which the spiral is made.
• The time during which the current flows.

The high resistance of nichrome enhances the effect.

Gradually the spiral heats up and active radiation begins in the infrared range. The temperature for the glow effect to occur must reach about 500°C, but often heating occurs to higher temperatures.

The radiation passes through an inert gas environment to the glass bulbs of the heater lamps without significant losses. The lamps themselves are made of alloy quartz sand, which perfectly transmits waves in the operating range. Thus, there are practically no losses in infrared heaters.

It should be noted that most of the lamps of infrared heaters are located symmetrically with respect to their axis. This means that the radiation power in any direction is the same. To adjust the direction of heat flow infrared lamps placed at the focus of a reflector made of heat-resistant metal that reflects radiation well.

The most commonly used material for this is stainless steel.

Choosing heaters for a bath

An ideal reflector for infrared heaters would be one applied to outside silver glass bulbs, which, due to the high cost and fragility of such lamps, naturally did not become widespread.

In the central part of an infrared lamp heater there is a so-called dead zone, which is formed by the lamp itself. However, such nuances do not detract from the advantages of lamp infrared heating systems.

The efficiency of such devices is quite high. Even in the absence of gas lamps in the flasks, heaters of this type could work.

Such a solution, however, is unacceptable for several reasons:

• Affecting the lamp Atmosphere pressure makes it quite fragile. The additional need to increase the thickness of the glass walls will increase the cost of the heater and reduce its efficiency.
• A spiral located in a vacuum would begin to thin out due to the evaporation of the material from which it is made.

  Have you ever wondered how the Sun, which is made up of liquid substance, whose temperature reaches six and a half degrees Kelvin, does not fly into outer space?

  This is explained by the action of gravitational forces. And on Earth, under the influence of gravity in a vacuum, atoms of the spiral material will leave the hot surface, which will result in the impossibility long work. According to studies and calculations, some evaporated particles may settle on inner surface glass flask, reducing the efficiency of the device - the resulting opaque mirror surface will become an obstacle for thermal radiation.

  The inert gas and special additives contained in the lamp prevent the evaporation process and promote the return of evaporated particles to the surface of the spiral.

This explains the need to fill the lamp cavity with an inert gaseous substance. Slightly reducing the efficiency of the device, the gas is selected taking into account bandwidth for maximum delay of useful radiation.

Moreover, the thickness of the gas inside the lamp is very small in comparison with the thickness of the layers of the surrounding atmosphere.

Thus, without heating the surrounding air, the device spends almost all the energy it allocates to heating nearby surfaces. The best option The use of ceiling-type infrared lamp heaters will be placed in the kitchen and bedroom. To ensure that the bed and the air around it are warm (the temperature recommended by doctors in sleeping areas is 20°C), ceiling heater should be placed directly above the bed.

The greatest flow of thermal radiation should be directed towards the feet of the sleeper.
Characteristics of infrared heaters, see the video:

Gas infrared heaters

Devices operating on natural gas, can be designed in such a way as to hide or, conversely, emphasize the glow of the flame during gas combustion.

A heater of this type is designed as follows:

• At the base of the device there is a gas cylinder, hidden from view by a base shield.
• Slightly above the steel intake tract there is a firebox equipped with a ceramic heat-resistant grate.
• Combustion products leave the device through an opening that goes outside.

On average, the height of such devices is about 1.8 m; among them there are two types of devices:

• A fireplace having a heat-resistant ceramic grate inside the body, located vertically and engulfed in a flame of burning gas.

  The grate, heating up, radiates heat, directed through the heater portal, in such a way as to cover approximately a thirty-degree sector of the exit.

• A fungus that looks like a beach umbrella. Hidden at its base gas cylinder, from which the fuel rises upward along the “leg”. There is a flame burning in the hearth under the “hat”. The umbrella itself, which has a cone shape, plays the role of a reflector of infrared radiation. The radius of action of this type of heater is the widest, but the heat is not felt near the vertical tube itself.

The models described are ideal option for portable use.

However, heating a house with infrared heaters will only be effective when using more powerful systems. Read also: “What types of gas heaters for a tent - types, advantages and disadvantages."

Gas infrared built-in fireplaces

The operating principle of an infrared heater, operating on the principle of a fireplace, is no more complicated than the operation of the systems described above.

It is designed in the form of a wall-mounted infrared heater, externally imitating a fireplace. Gas is supplied to it through common system gas supply to the house through a separate pipe.

The second pipe, which has a larger diameter and goes outside, is necessary for the intake of oxygen and the release of combustion products. The outgoing and incoming flows are separated within the system by steel plates. For heating a private house infrared gas fireplace serves as an excellent option.

Photos of such devices clearly demonstrate their similarity to real fireplaces, giving the house a cozy and warm atmosphere.

Film infrared heaters

Film infrared heaters are absolutely fireproof, the main temperature regime which is 45◦C.

Among such heaters, ceiling systems mounted in the form of typical polyurethane foam tiles are popular. The principle of operation of infrared heaters of this type is the passage of electric current through the foil placed between the insulating layers of the tile. The heated tile material radiates heat downwards towards the floor.

These heaters are regulated using a thermostat.