The mobility grade of the mortar mixture is pk2 pk3. Construction mortars general technical specifications. What characteristics are used to evaluate the quality of hardened building mixtures?

BUILDING SOLUTIONS
Are common technical specifications

MORTARS
Genegal srefications

OKS 91.100.10, OKSTU 5870

Date of introduction 1999-07-01

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to mortars based on mineral binders used for masonry and installation building structures during the construction of buildings and structures, fastening of facing products, plastering.

The standard does not apply to special solutions (heat-resistant, chemical-resistant, fire-resistant, heat- and waterproofing, grouting, decorative, tensile, etc.).

The requirements set out in 4.3 - 4.13, 4.14.2 - 4.14.14, sections 5-7, appendices B and D of this standard are mandatory.

Used in this standard regulations are given in Appendix A.

3 Classification

3.1 Construction mortars are classified according to:
- main purpose;
- the binder used;
- medium density.

3.1.1 Based on their main purpose, solutions are divided into:
- masonry (including for installation work);
- facing;
- plastering.

3.1.2 According to the binders used, solutions are divided into:
- simple (on one type of binder);
- complex (on mixed binders).

3.1.3 Based on average density, solutions are divided into:
- heavy;
- lungs.

3.2 Symbol mortar when ordering, it must consist of an abbreviated designation indicating the degree of readiness (for dry mortar mixtures), purpose, type of binder used, grades for strength and mobility, average density (for light mortars) and the designation of this standard.

Example of a symbol heavy solution, ready-to-use, masonry, on lime-gypsum binder, strength grade M100, mobility - Pk2:

Masonry mortar, lime-gypsum, M100, Pk2, GOST 28013-98.

For dry mortar mixture, light, plaster, on a cement binder, grade M50 for strength and mobility - Pk3, medium density D900:

Dry mortar plaster mixture, cement, M50, Pk3, D900, GOST 28013-98.

4 General technical requirements

4.1 Construction mortars are prepared in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

4.2 Mortar properties include the properties of mortar mixtures and hardened mortar.

4.2.1 Basic properties of mortar mixtures:
- mobility;
- water holding capacity;
- delamination;
- application temperature;
- average density;
- humidity (for dry mortar mixtures).

4.2.2 Basic properties of the hardened solution:
- compressive strength;
- frost resistance;
- average density.

If necessary, additional indicators can be established in accordance with GOST 4.233.

4.3 Depending on the mobility, mortar mixtures are divided in accordance with Table 1.

4.4 The water-holding capacity of mortar mixtures must be at least 90%, for clay-containing solutions - at least 93%.

4.5 The stratification of freshly prepared mixtures should not exceed 10%.

4.6 The mortar mixture should not contain fly ash more than 20% of the cement mass.

4.7 The temperature of the mortar mixtures at the time of use should be:

a) masonry mortars for external work - in accordance with the instructions in Table 2;
b) facing mortars for facing with glazed tiles when minimum temperature outside air, °C, not less than:
from 5 and above................................................... ................................... 15;
V) plaster solutions at minimum outdoor temperature, °C, not less than:
from 0 to 5................................................... .......................................... 15
from 5 and above................................................... ..................................... 10.

table 2

Note - For masonry mortar mixtures during installation work, the temperature of the mixture should be 10 °C higher than indicated in the table

4.8 The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures should not exceed 0.1% by weight.

4.9 The standardized quality indicators of the hardened mortar must be ensured at the design age.

For the design age of the solution, unless otherwise specified in project documentation, should be taken, daily:

For solutions prepared without the use of hydraulic binders - 7
- for solutions using hydraulic binders - 28.

4.10 The compressive strength of mortars at design age is characterized by the following grades: M4, M10, M25, M50, M75, M100, M150, M200.
The compressive strength grade is assigned and controlled for all types of mortars.

4.11 The frost resistance of solutions is characterized by grades.

The following frost resistance grades have been established for the solutions: F10, F15, F25, F35, F50, F75, F100, F150, F200.
For mortars of compressive strength grades M4 and M10, as well as for mortars prepared without the use of hydraulic binders, frost resistance grades are not assigned or controlled.

4.12 The average density, D, of hardened solutions at design age should be, kg/m3:

Heavy solutions................................................... ... 1500 or more
- light solutions........................................................ ......... less than 1500.

The normalized value of the average density of solutions is set by the consumer in accordance with the work project.

4.13 An upward deviation of the average density of the solution is allowed no more than 10% of that established by the project.

4.14 Requirements for materials for the preparation of mortars

4.14.1 Materials used for the preparation of mortars must comply with the requirements of standards or technical specifications for these materials, as well as the requirements of this standard.

4.14.2 As binding materials should be used:

Gypsum binders according to GOST 125;
- building lime according to GOST 9179;
- Portland cement and Portland slag cement according to GOST 10178;
- pozzolanic and sulfate-resistant cements according to GOST 22266;
- cements for mortars in accordance with GOST 25328;
- clay according to Appendix B;
- others, including mixed binders, according to regulatory documents for specific type knitting.

4.14.3 Binding materials for preparing solutions should be selected depending on their purpose, type of structure and operating conditions.

4.14.4 The consumption of cement per 1 m3 of sand in mortars based on cement and cement-containing binders must be at least 100 kg, and for masonry mortars, depending on the type of structure and their operating conditions, no less than that given in Appendix D.

4.14.5 The alkali content in cement binders intended for the preparation of plastering and facing mortars should not exceed 0.6% by weight.

4.14.6 Lime binder is used in the form of hydrated lime (fluff), lime dough, and milk of lime.

Lime milk must have a density of at least 1200 kg/m3 and contain at least 30% lime by weight.
Lime binder for plastering and facing mortars should not contain unslaked lime particles.
The lime dough must have a temperature of at least 5 °C.

4.14.7 The following should be used as a filler:

Sand for construction work according to GOST 8736;
- fly ash according to GOST 25818;
- ash and slag sand according to GOST 25592;
- porous sands according to GOST 25820;
- sand from slag of thermal power plants according to GOST 26644;
- sand from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy slags for concrete according to GOST 5578.

4.14.8 The largest grain size of the filler should be, mm, no more than:

Masonry (except rubble masonry) ....................................................2.5
- rubble masonry........................................................ ........................... 5.00
- plaster (except for the covering layer) ....................................2.5
- plaster covering layer.................................................... 1.25
- finishing................................................... ........................... 1.25

4.14.9 When heating aggregates, their temperature, depending on the binder used, should not be higher, °C, when using:

Cement binder................................................... ........................................................ ......... 60
- cement-lime, cement-clay and clay binders....................................40
- lime, clay-lime, gypsum and lime-gypsum binders............20.

4.14.10 The content of harmful impurities in aggregates should not exceed the requirements of GOST 26633 for fine aggregates.

4.14.11 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff of materials used for the preparation of mortar mixtures should not exceed the limit values ​​depending on the area of ​​application of the mortar mixtures according to GOST 30108.

4.14.12 Chemical additives must comply with the requirements of GOST 24211.
Additives are introduced into ready-to-use mortar mixtures in the form of aqueous solutions or aqueous suspensions, and into dry mortar mixtures - in the form of water-soluble powder or granules.

4.14.13 Water for mixing mortar mixtures and preparing additives is used in accordance with GOST 23732.

4.14.14 Bulk starting materials for mortar mixtures are dosed by weight, liquid components are dosed by weight or volume.

The dosing error should not exceed ± 1% for binders, water and additives, and ± 2% for fillers.
For mortar mixing plants with a capacity of up to 5 m3/h, volumetric dosing of all materials is allowed with the same errors.

4.15 Labeling, packaging

4.15.1 Dry mortar mixtures are packaged in bags made of polyethylene film according to GOST 10354 weighing up to 8 kg or paper bags according to GOST 2226 weighing up to 50 kg.

4.15.2 Packaged dry mortar mixtures should be labeled on each package. The markings must be clearly marked on the packaging with indelible paint.

4.15.3 Mortar mixtures must have a quality document. The manufacturer must accompany the dry mortar mixture with a label or marking applied to the packaging, and the ready-to-use mortar mixture dispensed into the vehicle with a quality document, which must contain the following data:

Name or trademark and address of the manufacturer;
- symbol mortar according to 3.2;
- class of materials used to prepare the mixture, according to the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides and the digital value of Aeff;
- grade for compressive strength;
- mobility grade (Pk);
- volume of water required to prepare the mortar mixture, l/kg (for dry mortar mixtures);
- type and amount of added additive (% of binder mass);
- shelf life (for dry mortar mixtures), months;
- weight (for dry mortar mixtures), kg;
- amount of mixture (for ready-to-use mortar mixtures), m3;
- date of preparation;
- application temperature, °C;
- designation of this standard.

If necessary, the labeling and quality document may contain additional data.
The quality document must be signed official manufacturer responsible for technical control.

5 Acceptance rules

5.1 Mortar mixtures must be accepted by the manufacturer's technical control.

5.2 Mortar mixtures and solutions are taken in batches through acceptance and periodic control.
A batch of mortar mixture and mortar is taken to be the quantity of a mixture of the same nominal composition with the same quality of its constituent materials, prepared using a single technology.

The volume of the batch is established by agreement with the consumer - no less than the output of one shift, but no more than the daily output of the mortar mixer.

5.3 All mortar mixtures and solutions are subject to acceptance control according to all standardized quality indicators.

5.4 When receiving each batch, at least five spot samples are taken from the mortar mixture.

5.4.1 Spot samples are taken at the place of preparation of the mortar mixture and/or at the place of its use from several batches or places in the container into which the mixture is loaded. Sampling points from the tank should be located at different depths. With a continuous supply of the solution mixture, point samples are taken at irregular intervals for 5-10 minutes.

5.4.2 After selection, spot samples are combined into a total sample, the mass of which must be sufficient to determine all controlled indicators of the quality of mortar mixtures and solutions. The selected sample is thoroughly mixed before testing (with the exception of mixtures containing air-entraining additives).
Mortar mixtures containing air-entraining, foaming and gas-forming additives are not additionally mixed before testing.

5.4.3 Testing of a mortar mixture ready for use should begin during the period when the normal mobility is maintained.

5.5 The mobility and average density of the mortar mixture in each batch is monitored at least once per shift by the manufacturer after unloading the mixture from the mixer.

• The humidity of dry mortar mixtures is controlled in each batch.
• The strength of the solution is determined in each batch of the mixture.
• Standardized technological indicators of the quality of mortar mixtures provided for in the supply contract (average density, temperature, delamination, water-holding capacity) and frost resistance of the solution are monitored within a time frame agreed with the consumer, but at least once every 6 months, as well as when the quality of the initial ones changes materials, composition of the solution and technology for its preparation.

5.6 Radiation-hygienic assessment of materials used for the preparation of mortar mixtures is carried out according to quality documents issued by enterprises that supply these materials.
In the absence of data on the content of natural radionuclides, the manufacturer determines the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff of materials in accordance with GOST 30108 once a year, as well as with each change of supplier.

5.7 Mortar mixtures, ready for use, are dispensed and taken by volume. The volume of the mortar mixture is determined by the output of the mortar mixer or by the volume of the transport or measuring container.
Dry mortar mixtures are released and taken by weight.

5.8 If, when checking the quality of the mortar, a discrepancy is revealed with at least one of the technical requirements of the standard, this batch of mortar is rejected.

5.9 The consumer has the right to carry out a control check of the quantity and quality of the mortar mixture in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the methods of GOST 5802.

5.10 The manufacturer is obliged to inform the consumer, upon his request, the results of control tests no later than 3 days after their completion, and if the standardized indicator is not confirmed, he must inform the consumer immediately.

6 Control methods

6.1 Samples of mortar mixtures are taken in accordance with the requirements of 5.4, 5.4.1 and 5.4.2.

6.2 Materials for the preparation of mortar mixtures are tested in accordance with the requirements of standards and technical specifications for these materials.

6.3 The quality of chemical additives is determined by the effectiveness of their action on the properties of mortars according to GOST 30459.

6.4 The concentration of the working solution of additives is determined with a hydrometer according to GOST 18481 in accordance with the requirements of standards and technical specifications for specific types of additives.

6.5 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff in materials for the preparation of mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 30108.

6.6 Mobility, average density, water-holding capacity and stratification of mortar mixtures are determined according to GOST 5802.

6.7 The volume of entrained air in mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 10181.3.

6.8 The temperature of freshly prepared solution mixtures is measured with a thermometer, immersing it in the mixture to a depth of at least 5 cm.

6.9 Compressive strength, frost resistance and average density of hardened solutions are determined according to GOST 5802.

6.10 The humidity of dry mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 8735.

7 Transportation and storage

7.1 Transportation

7.1.1 Mortar mixtures, ready for use, should be delivered to the consumer in vehicles, specially designed for their transportation.
With the consent of the consumer, transportation of mixtures in bunkers (tubs) is allowed.

7.1.2 The methods used for transporting mortar mixtures must exclude the loss of binder dough, the ingress of atmospheric precipitation and foreign impurities into the mixture.

7.1.3 Packaged dry mortar mixtures are transported by road, rail and other modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the transportation and securing of goods in force for this type of transport.

7.2 Storage

7.2.1 Delivered to construction site mortar mixtures, ready for use, must be reloaded into loader-mixers or other containers, provided that the specified properties of the mixtures are maintained.

7.2.2 Packaged mortar dry mixtures are stored in covered, dry rooms.
Bags of dry mixture must be stored at a temperature not lower than 5°C under conditions that ensure the safety of the packaging and protection from moisture.

7.2.3 The shelf life of the dry mortar mixture is 6 months from the date of preparation.
At the end of the storage period, the mixture must be checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard. If compliant, the mixture can be used for its intended purpose.

APPENDIX A
(informative)

List of regulatory documents

GOST 4.233-86 SPKP. Construction. Construction solutions. Nomenclature of indicators
GOST 125-79 Gypsum binders. Specifications
GOST 2226-88 Paper bags. Specifications
GOST 2642.5-97 Refractories and refractory raw materials. Methods for determining iron oxide
GOST 2642.11-97 Refractories and refractory raw materials. Methods for determining potassium and sodium oxides
GOST 3594.4-77 Molding clays. Methods for determining sulfur content
GOST 5578-94 Crushed stone and sand from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy slags for concrete. Specifications
GOST 5802-86 Construction mortars. Test methods
GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test methods
GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications
GOST 9179-77 Construction lime. Specifications
GOST 10178-85 Portland cement and Portland slag cement. Specifications
GOST 10181.3-81 Concrete mixtures. Methods for determining porosity
GOST 10354-82 Polyethylene film. Specifications
GOST 18481-81 Hydrometers and glass cylinders. Specifications
GOST 21216.2-93 Clay raw materials. Method for determining fine fractions
GOST 21216.12-93 Clay raw materials. Method for determining residue on sieve with mesh No. 0063
GOST 22266-94 Sulfate-resistant cements. Specifications
GOST 23732-79 Water for concrete and mortars. Specifications
GOST 24211-91 Additives for concrete. General technical requirements
GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. Specifications
GOST 25592-91 Ash and slag mixtures from thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications
GOST 25818-91 Fly ash from thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications
GOST 25820-83 Lightweight concrete. Specifications
GOST 26633-91 Heavy and fine-grained concrete. Specifications
GOST 26644-85 Crushed stone and sand from thermal power plant slag for concrete. Specifications
GOST 30108-94 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides
GOST 30459-96 Additives for concrete. Methods for determining effectiveness
SNiP 2.02.01-83* Foundations of buildings and structures
SNiP 2.03.11-85 Protection of building structures from corrosion
SNiP II-3-79* Construction heating engineering

APPENDIX B

(required)

Clay for mortars. Technical requirements

These technical requirements apply to clay intended for the preparation of mortars.
B. 1. Technical requirements for clay
B.1.1 The content of clay particles less than 0.4 mm in size must be no less than 30 and no more than 80%.
B.1.2 The content of sand particles larger than 0.16 mm should be no more than 30%.
B.1.3 The content of chemical components by weight of dry clay should not be more than %:
- sulfates and sulfides in terms of SO3 - 1;
- sulfide sulfur in terms of SO3 - 0.3;
- mica - 3;
- soluble salts (causing efflorescence and efflorescence):
total iron oxides - 14;
the sum of potassium and sodium oxides is 7.
B.1.4 Clay should not contain organic impurities in quantities that impart a dark color.
AT 2. Clay Test Methods
B.2.1 The granulometric composition of clay is determined according to GOST 21216.2 and GOST 21216.12.
B.2.2 The content of sulfates and sulfides in terms of SO3 is determined according to GOST 3594.4.
B.2.3 The content of sulfide sulfur in terms of SO3 is determined according to GOST 3594.4.
B.2.4 The mica content is determined by the petrographic method according to GOST 8735.
B.2.5 The content of the amount of iron oxide is determined according to GOST 2642.11.
B.2.6 Content of the sum of potassium oxide and sodium according to GOST 2642.5.
B.2.7 The presence of organic impurities is determined according to GOST 8735.

APPENDIX D
(required)

Minimum cement consumption in masonry mortar

Mortar called the material obtained as a result of hardening of a rationally selected mixture binder(cement, lime), fine aggregate(sand) and water, and, if necessary, special additives. Before hardening, this material is called mortar mixture.

The fundamental difference between mortars and fine-grained concrete is that mortar mixtures are laid in thin layers, usually on a porous base, and one of the main properties of mortars is good adhesion to the base.

According to their intended purpose, mortars are: masonry - for masonry made of bricks, piece stones and blocks; finishing(plastering) - for plastering external and internal surfaces structures; special - for monolithic prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, for thermal and waterproofing and other special purposes.

Solutions are named according to the properties of the main binder included in them (hydraulic and air) and the type of binder (cement, lime, gypsum and mixed - cement-lime, cement-clay, lime-gypsum).

Solutions are differentiated by density ordinary heavy(density more than 1500 kg/m 3), obtained from dense aggregates (natural sand, etc.), and lungs(less than 1500 kg/m 3), manufactured on porous aggregates (expanded clay sand, expanded perlite, etc.). Light solutions, in addition, are obtained using special foaming additives - porous solutions.

2.2. PROPERTIES OF MORTAR MIXTURES AND HARDENED SOLUTIONS

Mortar mixture must have good workability in order to be easily distributed over the porous base, and high water-holding capacity in order to prevent the base from sucking water into itself.

Workability - the ability of the mortar mixture to be easily distributed over the surface in a continuous manner thin layer, adhering well to the surface of the base. Easy to lay mortar mixture even when laid on uneven surface fills all the depressions and adheres tightly to the masonry stones. Workability is assessed by the mobility of the mixture.

Mobility The mortar mixture is determined by the depth of immersion into it of a standard cone (Fig. 11.1) with a mass of 300 g, a height of 150 mm and an apex angle of 30°. The cone is made of tin, with a weight (lead shot) placed inside it.

In construction conditions, a cone is used with divisions marked on its surface and with a chain (or cord) attached to the center of the base. The mortar mixture, the mobility of which must be determined, is placed in a metal container (for example, a bucket) and the cone is immersed in it. In laboratories they use special device, the main element of which is the same cone (Fig. 11.1, b).

Such a cone was proposed by N.A. Popov at the Central Construction Laboratory “StroyTSNIL” in the 30s of the 20th century, therefore it is often called the StroyTSNIL cone. Based on mobility, mortar mixtures are divided into grades (P k):

Mobility grade Cone immersion depth, cm

P to 1.............. 1...4

P to 2 ............. 4...8

P to 3............. 8...12

P to 4............. 12...14

Depending on the purpose, mortar mixtures are used various brands by mobility:

Purpose of the solution Brand of solution

Rubble masonry with vibration....... P to 1

Filling joints in panel buildings P k 2

Hollow brick masonry and

ceramic stones......................... P to 2 … P to 3

Masonry from ordinary ceramic bricks P to 3…P to 4

Plastering works...............P to 2…P to 3

One of the ways to increase the mobility of a mortar mixture is to increase the water content in it, but at the same time, in order to maintain the strength of the solution and the water-holding capacity of the mixture, the consumption of the binder is increased. A more rational way to increase mobility is to introduce plasticizing additives into the solution.

Water holding capacity - This is the ability of a mortar mixture to retain water when applied to a porous substrate or during transportation. If a mortar mixture with low water-holding capacity is applied, for example, to a brick, it is quickly dehydrated as a result of water being sucked into the pores of the brick. In this case, the hardened solution will be porous and fragile.

When transporting, mortar mixtures with low water-holding capacity may separate: the sand will settle down and the water will end up on top. The lower the water-holding capacity, the more likely the mortar mixture will separate.

The water-holding capacity depends on the amount of binder in the solution, since the finest binder powder forms a viscous dough with water, preventing the separation of water and aggregate. The water-holding capacity can be increased without increasing cement consumption by introducing fine mineral powders into the mortar mixture, including cheaper binders (lime, clay) or thickening (water-retaining) water-soluble polymer additives, such as methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, etc.

Hardened mortar must have the required strength and frost resistance.

Strength mortars are characterized by a grade determined by the compressive strength of cube samples measuring 70.7 x 70.7 x 70.7 mm. Samples made from the working mortar mixture harden in air for 28 days at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C. To bring the hardening conditions of samples closer to the real hardening conditions of masonry mortars, molds without a bottom are used and installed on a porous base (brick).

Based on compressive strength, expressed in kgf/cm2, mortars are divided into grades: 4; 10; 25; 50; 75; 100; 150; 200. Solutions of grades 4; 10; 25 are usually made using lime and local binders; mortars of higher grades - on mixed cement-lime, cement-clay and cement binders.

The strength of mortars, as well as concrete, depends on the brand of binder and its quantity. However, the water-binding ratio in in this case is not significant, since the porous base on which the solution is applied sucks water from it, and the amount of water in different solutions becomes approximately the same.

The grades of the most commonly used masonry and plaster mortars are significantly lower than the grades of concrete. This is explained by the fact that the strength of masonry mortars does not significantly affect the strength of stone masonry correct form, and plaster solutions practically do not bear any load. Higher demands are placed on the strength of mortars for monolithic load-bearing prefabricated reinforced concrete structures.

Frost resistance solutions, as well as concrete, are determined by the number of “freezing-thawing” cycles, but before the loss of 25% of the original strength or 5% of the mass. Based on frost resistance, solutions are divided into grades: F10...F200.

The building mixture has several qualities that directly depend on each other. The water-holding capacity of mortar mixtures, application temperature, average density, humidity (only for dry systems), stratification and mobility of the solution are all interrelated properties.

Mobility and water-holding capacity are the most important properties of mortar mixtures.

This feature can be determined using a special metal conical projectile 15 cm high, with an apex angle of 30 degrees and weighing 300 g.

This is done because the mortar mixture for each masonry and material must have different brand mobility.

Determination of mobility

This characteristic can be easily defined as follows:

• the cone is immersed in ready material and by the depth to which it sinks the meaning is judged. The deeper the cone goes, the higher it is. In order to determine the depth more accurately, divisions are located on the cone.

The mobility of the solution can be increased by increasing the percentage of water in it.

The mobility of a solution is its ability to spread over a surface under its own weight. This quality is regulated by the quantitative ratio of the components that make up their properties. It can range from 4 to 15, depending on the purpose of its use.

This quality can be increased by increasing the percentage of water in it. The choice of a specific design value depends on the application methods, on the surface of the materials bonded to it and on the weather. For cold weather, the characteristic in question should be lower by about 3-4 cm.

For concrete surface given value should be lower than, for example, for a brick surface. For manual plastering works this characteristic should be higher. Its plasticity, that is, its workability, also depends on this characteristic. If the material is sufficiently plastic, then it fits well on any surface without forming cracks.

The properties of mortar mixtures, or rather its mobility, are determined by the brand.

• for a masonry element intended for vibrating rubble masonry, the recommended grade is Pk1. The depth to which the cone projectile should descend should be from 1 to 3 cm;
• for non-vibrated rubble masonry, the Pk2 grade is recommended, and the depth to which the cone projectile is immersed should be from 4 to 6 centimeters;
• The recommended brand for ceramic stones or hollow bricks is Pk2. The depth to which the cone projectile is lowered is from 7 to 8 centimeters;
• for masonry of light stones, concrete stones, ceramic stones, solid bricks, the Pk3 grade should be used, the immersion of the cone projectile is from 8 to 12 centimeters;
• for supplying material with a pump and for filling voids in masonry, Pk4 is recommended, while the depth to which the cone is immersed is from 13 to 14 centimeters inclusive.

The properties of materials for making vertical as well as horizontal joints in the walls of large concrete blocks and panels, and for making beds in the construction of walls made of panels and large concrete blocks should be as follows. The depth of lowering the cone is needed from 5 to 7 centimeters, and the brand is Pk2.

Properties of the product for covering with gypsum: mobility grade - Pk3, cone immersion - 9 - 12 cm.

• the recommended grade of mobility of the solution for soil is Pk2, the depth of lowering the cone is from 7 to 8 centimeters;
• the mobility grade of the material for spraying during mechanized application is Pk4, the cone should be immersed to a depth of 9 to 14 centimeters;
• for spraying at manual way For application, the mobility grade Pk3 is recommended, the immersion of the cone should be 8-12 centimeters;
• the properties of the product for covering with the use of gypsum should be as follows: mobility grade Pk3, and the immersion depth of the cone is from 9 to 12 centimeters, and for coating without the use of gypsum, the mobility grade is Pk2, and the immersion depth is from 7 to 8 centimeters.

Facing compositions:

• brand of product for fastening ceramic tiles and natural stone slabs on a finished brick wall are recommended Pk2, and the depth to which the cone should fall is from 6 to 8 centimeters;
• the same recommendations apply to fastening blocks and facing concrete panels.

Transportation and storage

To transport the solution it is necessary to use special vehicles.

To save everyone necessary qualities and the properties of the solution, it must be properly transported and stored. Of course, first of all, special vehicles must be used for transportation. It is also possible to transport finished material in bunkers, but this is allowed only with the consent of the customer. Do not allow foreign impurities and precipitation to enter the mixture.

When delivering the mixture to the construction site, it must be transferred into special containers, such as mixer loaders or others that meet the required standards.
The mortar mixture in dry form (packaged) is transported by road or rail, preventing exposure to precipitation and damage to the packaging.

Store only in dry and covered areas, at a temperature of at least 5°C, while ensuring that no high humidity and the seal of the packaging has not been broken.

Increasing solution mobility

The characteristic under consideration can be improved not only by adding water, but also by increasing the sand fraction and reducing voids.

The properties of mortar mixtures are regulated by replacing rolled sand with sharp-edged sand. In addition, to improve the properties, the thoroughness and duration of mixing the mixture is increased.

If it is necessary to increase the mobility of the mortar mixture without adding water, you can add a plasticizing additive to it, for example, sulfite-alcohol stillage or soap naft

GOST 28013-98

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING SOLUTIONS

General technical conditions

INTERSTATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMISSION
ON STANDARDIZATION, TECHNICAL REGULATION
AND CERTIFICATION IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)

Moscow

Preface

1 DEVELOPED by the State Central Research and Design Institute of Complex Problems of Building Structures and Structures named after. V.A. Kucherenko (TsNIISK named after V.A. Kucherenko), Research, Design and Technological Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete (NIIZhB), with the participation of JSC "Pilot Plant of Dry Mixes" and JSC "Rosconitstroy" of the Russian Federation

INTRODUCED by the State Construction Committee of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) on November 12, 1998.

3 INSTEAD GOST 28013-89

4 ENTERED INTO EFFECT on July 1, 1999 as state standard Russian Federation by Decree of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated December 29, 1998 No. 30

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING SOLUTIONS

General technical conditions

MORTARS

General specifications

Date of introduction 1999-07-01

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to mortars with mineral binders used for masonry and installation of building structures during the construction of buildings and structures, fastening cladding products, and plaster.

The standard does not apply to special solutions (heat-resistant, chemical-resistant, fire-resistant, heat- and waterproofing, grouting, decorative, tensile, etc.).

The requirements set out in , , , and this standard are mandatory.

2 Normative references

The normative documents used in this standard are given in.

3 Classification

3.1 Construction mortars are classified according to:

Main purpose;

The binder used;

Medium density.

3.1.1 According to their main purpose, solutions are divided into:

Masonry (including for installation work);

Facing;

Plastering.

3.1.2 According to the binders used, solutions are divided into:

Simple (on one type of binder);

Complex (on mixed binders).

3.1.3 Based on average density, solutions are divided into:

Heavy;

Lungs.

An example of a symbol for a heavy mortar, ready-to-use, masonry, on lime-gypsum binder, strength grade M100, mobility - P to 2:

Masonry mortar, lime-gypsum, M100, P k 2, GOST 28013-98.

For dry mortar mixture, light, plaster, on a cement binder, grade M50 in strength and mobility - P to 3, medium density D 900:

Dry mortar plaster mixture, cement, M50, P k 3, D900, GOST 28013-98.

4 General technical requirements

4.1 Construction mortars are prepared in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

4.2 Mortar properties include the properties of mortar mixtures and hardened mortar.

4.2.1 Basic properties of mortar mixtures:

Mobility;

Water holding capacity;

Delamination;

Application temperature;

Medium density;

Humidity (for dry mortar mixtures).

4.2.2 Basic properties of the hardened solution:

Compressive strength;

Frost resistance;

Medium density.

If necessary, additional ones can be installed

Norm of mobility for cone immersion, cm

From 1 to 4 incl.

4.4 The water-holding capacity of mortar mixtures must be at least 90%, for clay-containing solutions - at least 93%.

4.5 The stratification properties of freshly prepared mixtures should not exceed 10%.

4.6 The mortar mixture should not contain fly ash more than 20% of the cement mass.

4.7 The temperature of mortar mixtures at the time of use should be:

a) masonry mortars for external work - in accordance with the instructions;

b) facing mortars for facing with glazed tiles at a minimum outside temperature, °C, not less than:

from 5 and above................................................... ................................... 15;

c) plaster solutions at a minimum outside temperature, °C, not less than:

from 0 to 5................................................... .......................................... 15

from 5 and above................................................... ..................................... 10.

table 2

4.8 The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures should not exceed 0.1% by weight.

4.9 The standardized quality indicators of the hardened mortar must be ensured at the design age.

The design age of a mortar, unless otherwise specified in the design documentation, should be taken as 28 days for mortars made with all types of binders, except gypsum and gypsum-containing ones.

The design age of solutions based on gypsum and gypsum-containing binders is 7 days.

4.10 The compressive strength of mortars at design age is characterized by the following grades: M4, M10, M25, M50, M75, M100, M150, M200.

The compressive strength grade is assigned and controlled for all types of mortars.

4.11 The frost resistance of solutions is characterized by grades.

The following frost resistance grades have been established for solutions: F 10, F 15, F 25, F 35, F 50, F 75, F 100, F 150, F 200.

For mortars of compressive strength grades M4 and M10, as well as for mortars prepared without the use of hydraulic binders, frost resistance grades are not assigned or controlled.

4.12 Average density, D , hardened solutions at design age should be, kg/m 3

Heavy solutions................................................... ................................ 1500 or more

Light solutions................................................... .................................... less than 1500.

The normalized value of the average density of solutions is set by the consumer in accordance with the work project.

4.13 Deviation of the average density of the solution towards an increase is allowed no more than 10% of that established by the design.

4.14 Requirements for materials for the preparation of mortars

4.14.1 Materials used for the preparation of mortars must comply with the requirements of standards or technical specifications for these materials, as well as the requirements of this standard.

Gypsum binders according to GOST 125;

Construction lime according to GOST 9179;

Portland cement and Portland slag cement according to GOST 10178;

Pozzolanic and sulfate-resistant cements according to GOST 22266;

Cements for mortars according to GOST 25328;

Ash and slag sand according to GOST 25592;

Sand from thermal power plant slag according to GOST 26644;

Sand from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy slags for concrete according to GOST 5578.

4.14.8 The largest grain size of the filler should be, mm, no more than:

Masonry (except rubble masonry) .................................................... ........................... 2.5

Rubble masonry................................................... ........................................................ ....... 5.00

Plaster (except for the covering layer)................................................. ................. 2.5

Plaster covering layer.................................................... ........................ 1.25

Facing ..................................................... ........................................................ ...... 1.25

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1)

4.14.9 When heating aggregates, their temperature, depending on the binder used, should not be higher, °C, when using:

Cement binder................................................... ........................................ 60

Cement-lime, cement-clay and clay binders........ 40

Lime, clay-lime, gypsum and lime-gypsum

binder…………………………………………………………………………………... 20.

4.14.10 The content of harmful impurities in aggregates should not exceed the requirements of GOST 26633 for fine aggregates.

4.14.11 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff of materials used for the preparation of mortar mixtures should not exceed the limit values ​​depending on the area of ​​application of mortar mixtures according to GOST 30108.

4.14.12 Chemical additives must comply with the requirements of GOST 24211.

Additives are introduced into ready-to-use mortar mixtures in the form of aqueous solutions or aqueous suspensions, and into dry mortar mixtures - in the form of water-soluble powder or granules.

4.14.13 Water for mixing mortar mixtures and preparing additives is used in accordance with GOST 23732.

4.14.14 Bulk starting materials for mortar mixtures are dosed by weight, liquid components are dosed by weight or volume.

The dosing error should not exceed ±1% for binders, water and additives, and ±2% for fillers.

For mortar mixing plants with a capacity of up to 5 m 3 /h, volumetric dosing of all materials is allowed with the same errors.

4.15 Labeling, packaging

4.15.1 Dry mortar mixtures are packaged in plastic film bags in accordance with GOST 10354 weighing up to 8 kg or paper bags in accordance with GOST 2226 weighing up to 50 kg.

4.15.2 Packaged dry mortar mixtures should be labeled on each package. The markings must be clearly marked on the packaging with indelible paint.

4.15.3 Mortar mixtures must have a quality document. The manufacturer must accompany the dry mortar mixture with a label or marking applied to the packaging, and the ready-to-use mortar mixture dispensed into the vehicle with a quality document, which must contain the following data:

Name or trademark and address of the manufacturer;

Symbol for mortar;

Class of materials used to prepare the mixture, according to the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides and the digital value A eff;

Compressive strength grade;

Mark for mobility (P k);

The volume of water required to prepare the mortar mixture, l/kg (for dry mortar mixtures);

Type and amount of added additive (% of binder mass);

Shelf life (for dry mortar mixtures), months;

Weight (for dry mortar mixtures), kg;

Amount of mixture (for ready-to-use mortar mixtures), m 3

Date of preparation;

Application temperature, °C;

Designation of this standard.

If necessary, the labeling and quality document may contain additional data.

The quality document must be signed by the manufacturer’s official responsible for technical control.

5 Acceptance rules

5.1 Mortar mixtures must be accepted by the manufacturer's technical control.

5.2 Mortar mixtures and solutions are accepted in batches through acceptance and periodic control.

A batch of mortar mixture and mortar is taken to be the quantity of a mixture of the same nominal composition with the same quality of its constituent materials, prepared using a single technology.

The volume of the batch is established by agreement with the consumer - no less than the output of one shift, but no more than the daily output of the mortar mixer.

5.3 All mortar mixtures and solutions are subject to acceptance control according to all standardized quality indicators.

Mortar mixtures containing air-entraining, foaming and gas-forming additives are not additionally mixed before testing.

5.4.3 Testing of the mortar mixture, ready for use, should begin during the period when the normalized mobility is maintained.

5.5 The mobility and average density of the mortar mixture in each batch is monitored at least once per shift by the manufacturer after unloading the mixture from the mixer.

The humidity of dry mortar mixtures is controlled in each batch.

The strength of the solution is determined in each batch of the mixture. Standardized technological indicators of the quality of mortar mixtures provided for in the supply contract (average density, temperature, delamination, water-holding capacity) and frost resistance of the solution are monitored within a time frame agreed with the consumer, but at least once every 6 months, as well as when the quality of the initial ones changes materials, composition of the solution and technology for its preparation.

5.6 Radiation-hygienic assessment of materials used for the preparation of mortar mixtures is carried out according to quality documents issued by enterprises that supply these materials.

In the absence of data on the content of natural radionuclides, the manufacturer determines the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff of materials in accordance with GOST 30108 once a year, as well as with each change of supplier.

5.7 Mortar mixtures, ready for use, are dispensed and taken by volume. The volume of the mortar mixture is determined by the output of the mortar mixer or by the volume of the transport or measuring container. Dry mortar mixtures are released and taken by weight.

5.8 If, when checking the quality of the mortar, a non-compliance with at least one of the technical requirements of the standard is revealed, this batch of mortar is rejected.

5.9 The consumer has the right to carry out a control check of the quantity and quality of the mortar mixture in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the methods of GOST 5802.

5.10 The manufacturer is obliged to inform the consumer, upon his request, the results of control tests no later than 3 days after their completion, and if the standardized indicator is not confirmed, notify the consumer immediately.

6 Control methods

6.1 Samples of mortar mixtures are taken in accordance with the requirements, and.

6.2 Materials for preparing mortar mixtures are tested in accordance with the requirements of standards and technical specifications for these materials.

6.3 The quality of chemical additives is determined by the effectiveness of their effect on the properties of mortars according to GOST 30459.

6.4 The concentration of the working solution of additives is determined with a hydrometer according to GOST 18481 in accordance with the requirements of standards and technical specifications for specific types of additives.

6.5 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff in materials for the preparation of mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 30108.

6.6 Mobility, average density, water-holding capacity and stratification of mortar mixtures are determined according to GOST 5802.

6.7 The volume of entrained air in mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 10181.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1)

6.8 The temperature of freshly prepared mortar mixtures is measured with a thermometer, immersing it in the mixture to a depth of at least 5 cm.

6.9 Compressive strength, frost resistance and average density of hardened solutions are determined according to GOST 5802.

6.10 The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 8735.

7 Transportation and storage

7.1 Transportation

7.1.1 Mortar mixtures, ready for use, should be delivered to the consumer in vehicles specifically designed for their transportation.

With the consent of the consumer, transportation of mixtures in bunkers (tubs) is allowed.

7.1.2 The methods used for transporting mortar mixtures must exclude the loss of binder dough, the ingress of atmospheric precipitation and foreign impurities into the mixture.

7.1.3 Packaged dry mortar mixtures are transported by road, rail and other modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the transportation and securing of goods in force for this type of transport.

7.2 Storage

7.2.1 Mortar mixtures delivered to the construction site, ready for use, must be reloaded into mixer loaders or other containers, provided that the specified properties of the mixtures are maintained.

7.2.2 Packaged dry mortar mixtures are stored in covered, dry rooms.

Bags of dry mixture must be stored at a temperature not lower than 5°C under conditions that ensure the safety of the packaging and protection from moisture.

7.2.3 The shelf life of the dry mortar mixture is 6 months from the date of preparation.

At the end of the storage period, the mixture must be checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard. If compliant, the mixture can be used for its intended purpose.

APPENDIX A

(informative)

List of regulatory documents

B.2.2 Content of sulfates and sulfides in terms of SO 3 determined according to GOST 3594.4.

B.2.3 Sulfide sulfur content in terms of SO 3 determined according to GOST 3594.4. SNiP II-3-79 *

Minimum consumption of cement in masonry mortar per 1 m 3 of dry sand, kg

Under dry and normal room conditions

In humid conditions

In wet room conditions

Key words: mortars, mineral binders, masonry, installation of building structures; masonry, facing, plastering mortars

Construction solutions. Labeling, transportation and storage.According to GOST 28013-98

How are mortars classified according to their purpose?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, according to their main purpose, mortars are divided into :

- masonry mortars – mortars used for masonry and refractory masonry;

-finishing solutions – solutions that are intended for finishing works when plastering walls and ceilings, as well as for preparing building surfaces for further finishing;

- special solutions – solutions that contain special additives that enhance certain qualities.

What types of solutions are there depending on the composition?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, depending on the type of binder used, as well as the number of components, solutions are:

- simple– they contain only one binder;

- complex- determined by the presence of several binders in the mortar (for example, cement-lime mortar);

- air– such solutions are capable of hardening only in dry conditions (for example, solutions with gypsum binder material);

-hydraulic– solutions that can harden in a humid environment.

How are mortars classified by average density?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, based on average density, solutions are divided into:

Heavy;

Lungs.

What properties are used to evaluate the quality of mortar mixtures?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, the main properties of mortar mixtures:

Mobility;

Medium density;

Water holding capacity;

Delamination;

Application temperature;

Humidity (for dry mortar mixtures).

What characteristics are used to evaluate the quality of hardened building mixtures?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, the main properties of the hardened solution:

Compressive strength;

Frost resistance;

Medium density.

How is the mobility of a mortar mixture determined and marked?

Answer: Construction mortars are usually designated by the letter “P” based on their mobility and are divided into four grades, which are determined in the laboratory by immersing the cone.

Table Mortar grade by mobility

How to choose a brand of mortar based on mobility, depending on the type and purpose of the work?

Answer: The choice of mortar brand based on mobility depends not only on the main purpose of the mortar (masonry, cladding or finishing), but also on the materials that come into contact with the mortar and the method of applying the mortar (manual or mechanical).

The main principles for choosing solutions are reflected in the table according to GOST 28013-98.

Table Selecting a mortar brand based on mobility depending on the purpose of the mortar

What brands of compression mortars are there?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, the compressive strength of mortars at design age is characterized by the following grades: M4, M10, M25, M50, M75, M100, M150, M200.

The compressive strength grade is assigned and controlled for all types of mortars.

What brands of mortars are there for frost resistance?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, the following frost resistance grades are established for solutions: F10, F15, F25, F35, F50, F75, F100, F150, F200.

For mortars of compressive strength grades M4 and M10, as well as for mortars prepared without the use of hydraulic binders, frost resistance grades are not assigned or controlled.

What are the different brands of mortars based on medium density?

Answer: Based on the density of mortars, mortars are divided into heavy and light. Heavy mortars include mortars with an average density of 1500 kg/m3 or more. They are prepared on dense aggregates with a bulk density of more than 1200 kg/m3. Light solutions are prepared on porous aggregates with a bulk density of less than 1200 kg/m3; the average density of such solutions is less than 1500 kg/m3.

The average density of mortars is indicated by the letter “D”.

What are the norms for cement consumption for the preparation of mortars?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, cement consumption per 1 m 3 must be at least 100 kg.

For masonry mortars, the minimum cement consumption is directly dependent on the type of structures and their operating conditions.

Table Minimum consumption of cement in masonry mortar

What accompanying documents must a shipment of mortar have?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, construction mortar mixtures must have a quality document when releasing a batch of goods. The manufacturer must accompany the dry mortar mixture with a label or marking applied to the packaging, and the ready-to-use mortar mixture dispensed into the vehicle with a quality document, which must contain the following data:

Name or trademark and address of the manufacturer;

Symbol for mortar according to 3.2;

Class of materials used to prepare the mixture, according to the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides and the digital value A eff;

Compressive strength grade;

Mark for mobility (P k);

The volume of water required to prepare the mortar mixture, l/kg (for dry mortar mixtures);

Type and amount of added additive (% of binder mass);

Shelf life (for dry mortar mixtures), months;

Weight (for dry mortar mixtures), kg;

Amount of mixture (for ready-to-use mortar mixtures), m 3 ;

Date of preparation;

Application temperature, °C;

Designation of the current standard.

If necessary, the labeling and quality document may contain additional data.

The quality document must be signed by the manufacturer’s official responsible for technical control.

How is the amount of building mixtures determined?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, mortar mixtures, ready for use, are dispensed and taken by volume. The volume of the mortar mixture is determined by the output of the mortar mixer or by the volume of the transport or measuring container.

Dry mortar mixtures are released and taken by weight.

How to properly transport and store construction mortar mixtures?

Answer: Construction mortars, ready for use, must be transported in special vehicles, the use of which has minimal impact on the quality of the transported mortars.

Packaged dry construction mixtures can be transported by any type of transport in accordance with the rules of transportation and securing of goods.

Packaged dry construction mixtures should be stored in closed dry warehouses at a temperature not lower than 5°C and a shelf life of no more than 6 months from the date of release.

Ready-made mortars delivered to the construction site must be used as soon as possible.

What characteristics of mortars should be shown in symbols?

Answer: The symbol for the mortar must include the main characteristics:

Purpose of the solution;

Type of binder;

Strength grade;

Mark for mobility;

Medium density brand;

State standard.

Example of a symbol-

dry, light, plastering mixture with cement binder, strength grade M50, workability grade P to 3, medium density D900:

Dry mortar plaster mixture, cement, M50, P to 3,D900, GOST 28013-98.