Expanded clay concrete m 150 proportions. Expanded clay concrete for screed: required proportions. Composition, proportions of expanded clay concrete blocks

When renovating a floor, a screed is a necessity. This type of screed, like everything else, can be prepared using sand obtained from expanded clay, which is fine-grained building material, the particles of which are up to 5 mm.

Lightweight expanded clay concrete, like expanded clay screed, can be made at home.

Especially if the manufacturer of concrete and screed mortars is located far from the construction site. Preparing environmentally friendly and warm expanded clay concrete with your own hands will allow you to obtain the necessary building material not only in the required volume, but also with the required structure and correct composition.

Expanded clay is one of the most popular materials used for floor screed. You can prepare a solution of expanded clay concrete with your own hands, using the recommended proportions.

The proportions for the expanded clay concrete solution are as follows: 1 part cement, 3 parts sand and 8 parts expanded clay. Concrete can be made from types of expanded clay such as sand, gravel and crushed stone, which are most adapted for the production of concrete blocks and coatings.

Preparation and transportation

Solution making process

To produce a high-quality mortar using expanded clay concrete, you need to adhere to the recommended proportions. With proper dilution of the mixture, the screed will be of high quality and durable.

Tools and devices that will be needed in the process of preparing expanded clay concrete mortar:

1. Pneumatic blower with mixing hopper or 200 liter concrete mixer with construction trough (200 liters).
2. Flexible hoses for transporting the mixture or a shovel with a bucket for filling the floor.

Scroll necessary materials must include the following components:

1. Cement (M400 or M500).
2. Washed quarry sand.
3. Expanded clay (fraction 5-10).
4. Water, from 200 to 300 liters per cubic meter, which is determined by the moisture content of the materials.
5. Plasticizer – laundry soap or washing powder.

Before mixing the expanded clay concrete mixture, mixture, expanded clay granules must be moistened with water to improve the adhesion properties of the solution.

Preparatory work for installing expanded clay concrete in formwork comes down to preparation. Before you start mixing the expanded clay concrete mixture, the expanded clay granules are moistened with water to improve the adhesion properties of the solution with the addition of sand and cement.

Instructions for preparing one batch of expanded clay concrete include the following steps:

1. Turn on the concrete mixer or air blower.
2. Fill with water.
3. Add cement.
4. Pour sand, observing the required proportions.
5. Mix the mixture thoroughly.
6. Pour expanded clay into the solution, ensuring that the tank is loaded correctly.
7. Obtain a homogeneous mixture of expanded clay concrete with a volume of 200 liters.

The entire process of preparing one batch of expanded clay concrete will take about 3-4 minutes. During the work process, carefully monitor the consistency of the composition. A high-quality solution can take the form of plasticine or sour cream with a thick consistency. If necessary, add water to reduce the thickness. When obtaining a more liquid consistency than specified in the instructions, such concrete is simply mixed after a short settling. To obtain more homogeneous concrete, dry mixing is used, that is, only dry components are taken, and then water is added and mixing is carried out.

Using ready-made expanded clay concrete

After the work of laying and leveling the expanded clay concrete solution is completed, it is necessary to allow the surface to dry for 1-2 days.

To start pouring concrete, after finishing preparing the mixture, prepare buckets with shovels or flexible hoses for transporting the solution. The finished mixture of expanded clay concrete is transported using hoses through which the solution flows under the influence of compressed air. Small portions of the solution are fed through a rubber hose under pressure to the place where layers of expanded clay concrete are laid. If there is a damper operating pressure is thinned out and the solution is poured in small portions onto the floor indoors.

After all the work on laying and leveling the expanded clay concrete solution has been completed, the surface is left for a day or two, then it will be possible to walk on the hardened surface, but the longer the surface dries, the more reliable and durable the floor covering becomes.

Expanded clay will not only improve the quality of the floor screed, but is also an excellent material for insulating indoor floors.

The solution that comes from the extinguisher must be evenly distributed over the entire floor of the room to the required level. Using light compaction, every unevenness is filled with expanded clay concrete, while providing additional thermal insulation for pipelines and heating.

Since expanded clay concrete mortar does not retain the required viscosity for long, it is used in the process of pouring floors immediately after preparing the mixture. In this case, a sealed formwork is pre-installed for pouring.

For the production of expanded clay blocks using special forms to pour concrete, they are placed on pallets, and shovels or buckets are used during the pouring process. No mechanical stress should be applied to the poured concrete, so it is left to completely harden for a day or two, and then the formwork is removed from the blocks. When all the work on expanded clay concrete preparation has been completed, preliminary preparation work is carried out cement-sand screed.

To level expanded clay, you must use a dry mixture. To do this, add water to the mixture until the solution becomes viscous and homogeneous.

For high-quality compaction and leveling of expanded clay, it is used dry, not wet. Water is added to the prepared solution with expanded clay until it becomes viscous and homogeneous. The M100 solution is taken in a ratio of one part to three to four parts of expanded clay. While kneading, you need to monitor its fraction. This brand of mortar will prevent the appearance of cracks as a result of an excess of cement. To prevent the appearance of splits in the screed, take water in not very large quantities. In this case, the size of the estimated pie cement screed should be more than 10-12 centimeters.

The implementation of a two-layer screed is necessary if large differences are found on the base where the future screed will be laid, if the horizontal level over the entire area is maintained at a level of ten centimeters or more. In order to efficiently carry out all the work on installing a floor screed with expanded clay and normal cement mortar, you must follow the instructions below, carefully observing all proportions:

1. Mix the expanded clay with the mortar using a mixer or electric drill with a mixing attachment.
2. Starting to prepare the second layer of screed, knock down all the protruding sharp parts on the floor. The recesses are compared with common ground floor.
3. Lay down plastic film for waterproofing. You can use waterproofing agent or liquid mastic.
4. Produce isolon flooring, fixing it with tape around the entire perimeter. You can raise the material higher than the level of the screed.
5. Lay masonry nets, if necessary.
6. After filling with expanded clay and leveling, wait two or three hours until all the water is absorbed into the expanded clay, and begin installing beacons, which are metal slats or profiles.
7. Fill the base layer with the finishing mortar of a leveling cement-sand screed; for strength, add a plasticizer that prevents the appearance of cracks. The layer thickness should be about 40-50 centimeters per mixture gypsum plaster and tile adhesive.
8. Leave the finished screed to dry for a month.
9. Regularly moisten the floor surface with water to prevent cracks from forming.

In this way, you can save money by reducing the overall load on the subfloor. This technology, when strictly followed, allows not only to make the floor new and of high quality, but also to obtain a lighter screed compared to other types with high sound and heat insulation.

Comments:

Expanded clay concrete, the proportions of which must be observed exactly when preparing, is a high-quality building material. It managed to gain popularity in the market due to its properties comparable to traditional ceramic bricks. The houses turn out to be warm and comfortable; the blocks themselves can be easily made with your own hands, which only reduces the cost of work while preserving High Quality products.

Proportions for the production of expanded clay concrete

The composition includes expanded clay, sifted quartz sand, Portland cement, and an additive in the form of tree resin. A mandatory component is clean water. The proportions used for mixing the mixture may vary. Their selection depends on the required density and grade of concrete. The proportions of expanded clay concrete are selected for each case individually.

A mixture of ordinary expanded clay with a density of 1000 kg/m³ contains:

• Portland cement - 250 kg;
• clean water— 100-150 l;
• expanded clay - 720 kg (or 1.2 m³).

A solution with a density of 1500 kg/m³ has:

• PC M400 - 430 kg;
• expanded clay with a fraction of 5-10 mm - 720 kg (or 0.8 m³);
• sifted quartz sand - 420 kg;
• cool clean water - 140 l.

Consumption is given per cubic meter ready mixture,The CPU used is M400 brand. In terms of strength, the filler used has a class P150-200 with compression rates of B20. Other substances can be added to the composition, but in reality this is rarely used, more often in factory conditions. For self-cooking blocks, a classic composition is used in the form of PC, expanded clay, water, sand.

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Binder for expanded clay concrete

How to make expanded clay concrete yourself? The composition resembles the usual one, only expanded clay and expanded clay sand are added. The main binder is high-quality Portland cement M400, the amount of pozzolanizing additives in which is minimal. Plasticizers for working in in this case are not used.

Portland slag cement and pozzolanic cement can be used, but this is determined experimentally. If there is no confidence in the suitability of this mixture, then it is better not to experiment, but to use proven compositions and proportions. The problem is that it is precisely such substances, together with the dust contained in expanded clay, that can cause a decrease in the water resistance and air resistance of building blocks.

When composing the mixture, it is necessary to carefully observe the amount of cement, since an increase in its volume leads to an increase in the weight of the material, although the strength increases. If weight matters, then it is necessary to determine the “golden” mean, when these indicators are perfectly combined with each other. That is why the use of Portland cement M400 is recommended.

It is better to use a hydrophobic binder after heat treatment; you can include alite cements with tricalcium silicate in an amount of 45%, tricalcium aluminate in an amount of 10-12%.

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Water for preparing the mixture

Composition of expanded clay concrete in mandatory contains water like any other mortar. The liquid should only be taken as potable and free of any impurities. This will allow the setting and hardening to be correct, the material will be of high quality, strong, and durable.

Under no circumstances should you use wastewater contaminated with construction impurities to prepare the solution. Can not use sea ​​water, since salt efflorescence will remain on the surface after drying.

To make expanded clay concrete with your own hands, you need to take clean, cool water if the work is carried out in the hot summer. The liquid should not be too cold minimum temperature— +15/+18 0 N.E winter time concrete works experts do not recommend doing this, but if there is no way to wait, then the blocks are formed in a warm room, the water is slightly heated to prepare the solution.

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Fillers for expanded clay concrete

To make expanded clay concrete, various aggregates are used. This is not only expanded clay sand, but also sifted quartz sand, large aggregates, for example, gravel. Expanded clay is the main ingredient of the mixture. This is a porous artificial material, which is made from clay fusible rocks by firing.

For light types of concrete this material is the best option, since it has a porous structure, its surface is durable. The porosity level is close to approximately 70%, and pores have sizes up to 1 mm. Expanded clay provides remarkable sound-proofing and heat-insulating properties; concrete based on it is strong, light, warm, and ideal for the construction of low-rise country houses.

The shape of the filler can be different; today expanded clay can be divided into the following varieties:

1. Gravel with an angular or rounded shape, the surface is melted.
2. Crushed stone has an irregular angular shape, the surface is rough, the pores are open, there is sponginess.

Expanded clay by bulk weight can be divided into 12 separate grades, but in terms of strength only 2 classes are used: A, B. The water absorption of gravel is 25% in 1 hour up to 400 grades, 20% for grades 450-600, up to 15% for grades 700-800. The material can withstand 15 freezing cycles, with weight loss of up to 8%. Typically, expanded clay of 5-10 mm fractions and sand are used to prepare a mixture for expanded clay concrete. Sand mixture- this is a material with a fraction of up to 5 mm, it is divided into 3 groups:

• large, the grain size for which is 1.2-5 mm;
• small, grain size up to 1.2 mm;
• ordinary, grain size is up to 5 mm.

When preparing the mixture, it is necessary to remember that sand prepared on the basis of expanded clay is characterized by adsorption high level in relation to the astringent, water, therefore the proportion of preparation should be strictly observed and not changed.

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Technology for manufacturing expanded clay concrete

Making expanded clay concrete with your own hands is not a very complicated process. To make such blocks, you need to prepare:

• a concrete mixer with a volume of about 130 liters;
• a trough into which the ready-made mixture will be poured;
• expanded clay, the fraction of which is 5-10 mm;
• cement mixture;
• sifted construction river sand without clay inclusions;
• plasticizer (can be completely replaced with regular soap in liquid form);
• clean, cool water, but not technical, but drinking.

The concrete recipe is as follows (based on 130 l):

• clean drinking water— 5 l;
• Portland cement - 8 l (dry mix);
• liquid soap- 70 g;
• construction purified sand - 30 l;
• expanded clay - 30 l.

You first need to pour water into the concrete mixer, then add liquid soap (plasticizer) to it, and add sand. The mass should be thoroughly mixed, expanded clay and dry cement should be gradually added. When stirring, the expanded clay mixture should be completely covered with cement mortar; the mixture itself will be homogeneous and well mixed.

One batch takes about 7 minutes; you cannot mix the solution for too long, as its quality deteriorates. The result will be a mass reminiscent of thick sour cream; there should be no lumps or too much fluidity.

The composition of expanded clay concrete used in construction is regulated by the requirements of GOST 6133-99, which describes technical specifications for the production of wall stones. For getting quality products it is necessary not only to adhere to the proportions specified in the document, but also to observe the optimal parameters for all technological processes.

And yet it is the quality and ratio of ingredients that is decisive. Because this issue need to give the most close attention, both at the production planning stage and during work control.

Mixture components

Binder

Cement is added to the expanded clay concrete mixture as a binder.

The requirements for it are quite strict:

• Brand – not lower than M400. The use of a low-grade binder can lead to the formation of inhomogeneities in the thickness of the material and its destruction under its own weight.
• The use of cement with pozzolanic additives must be coordinated with an experienced technologist. This is due to the fact that pozzolanic additives, when reacting with dust contained in expanded clay, form unstable complexes, which can reduce the moisture resistance of the finished material.

Note!
The use of plasticizing additives is also undesirable, since they can reduce the strength at the stage of primary hardening.

• If planned heat treatment expanded clay concrete modules, then a small amount of alite cements, including silicates, can be added to the solution. In this case, the polymerization of the material when heated will proceed more actively.

Water requirements

It is characterized by the following requirements:

• No solid inclusions.
• No contamination with organic substances, oils, petroleum products.
• pH not less than 4.
• Sulfate content is no more than 1% by volume.

In principle, in most cases either drinking water or process water. It is also possible to use open reservoirs as a source, but in this case the liquid must undergo primary purification to remove impurities and mechanical impurities.

Advice!
Use sea water to prepare expanded clay concrete mortar do not do it: high content salts will certainly lead to the formation of whitish stains on the surface of the building stone.

Fillers and additives

However, the main component that determines the entire composition of the mixture for expanded clay concrete blocks is the aggregate. This ingredient is either expanded clay itself or expanded clay sand obtained by crushing.

Expanded clay is one of the most popular materials used in the production of building blocks with high thermal characteristics.

It is characterized by the following:

• Porosity - up to 70% of the total volume of the material.
• The average pore diameter is 1 mm.
• Based on their shape, expanded clay is divided into gravel (round granules with a melted surface) and crushed stone (irregularly shaped granules with open pores visible on the surface).
• Material used for filling cellular concrete, must have frost resistance of at least 15 cycles. Permissible water absorption varies from 25% (for grades 400 and less) to 15% (for structural expanded clay concrete grades 700-800).
• IN industrial production Expanded clay particles ranging in size from 1.2 to 5 mm can be used.

Expanded clay sand is usually obtained by grinding gravel or crushed stone in special mills. It should be noted that this material is characterized by high adsorption of water and cement, which leads to a slight decrease in the quality of the solution.

Note!
It is also possible to produce sand by firing clay raw materials in kilns.
For such a filler, excessive water absorption will not be relevant.
However, its price due to production costs is somewhat higher, so it is used infrequently.

Production method

If you have the above ingredients and study the technique, you can make the material yourself. Naturally, in this case, the quality largely depends on the accurate calculation of proportions. We provide examples of the composition of mixtures in the table below:

Note!
Figures may change when using other brands of cement or aggregates that differ in density

The technique for preparing expanded clay concrete is quite simple:

• Pour the required volume of water into the cement mixer. It is better to take a little less than what is needed according to the instructions so that the solution does not turn out to be too liquid.
• We add cement and sand in the required proportions, constantly mixing the composition.
• Next, we introduce expanded clay into the solution in parts, distributing it evenly throughout the entire volume.
• As a result, we should get a fairly homogeneous mass, the consistency reminiscent of liquid dough.
• If the fluidity of the solution is insufficient, you can add a little water and mix it again.

Next, you can either immediately pour the material into it, or fill it into forms for making building blocks. In the second case, we need to thoroughly dry the products, removing all moisture from them and ensuring strength gains. This is best done in special drying chambers.

Conclusion

The composition of expanded clay concrete given in the article in volume fractions of each component, of course, is not the final version. To produce materials that differ in density and thermal conductivity, other ratios of cement, sand and aggregate can be used. However general scheme production remains unchanged, as evidenced by the video in this article.

Expanded clay is a lightweight building material with a porous structure. It is formed as a result of the influence high temperatures on low-melting clay.

Water

To prepare a mixture of expanded clay concrete, it is necessary to use water that meets technical requirements to hardening of ordinary concrete. Its composition should not contain harmful impurities that can spoil the process of setting and hardening of the binder components.

Can not use waste water with a pH less than 4, as well as marine, which will cause a white coating to appear on the surface.

Typically, water that is suitable for drinking is used to prepare the solution.

Fillers

Expanded clay can be used as a filler and quartz sand. Expanded clay as the main component gives the final product good heat and sound insulation properties. According to the form and appearance this material is divided into crushed stone ( irregular shape and rough surface) and gravel ( round form and melted surface).

Expanded clay gravel should lose weight by no more than 7% over at least 15 freeze-thaw cycles. If it is boiled, the loss of lime and magnesium oxide is a maximum of 5%. The higher the grade of expanded clay concrete, the less water it should absorb. So for M400 and less this value is 25%, from M450 to M600 - 20%, from M700 - up to 15%.

Expanded clay fractions, the size of which is less than 5 mm, are classified as sand (ordinary, fine or coarse).

Block mortar

To make a mixture, you need to know exactly its composition and proportions, and also take into account what kind of material will be produced. If you need to take 2-3 parts of sand for 1 part of cement and mix everything thoroughly. Next, add 0.9-1 part of water and stir again. After this, up to 5-6 parts of expanded clay are added.

If the filler is too dry, you can add additional water to it. Components such as sand and cement can be replaced with “Sand Concrete”. The resulting mixture is poured into molds, and the hardening process takes place in a special brick press for 24 hours. After this stage, the blocks are dried in the open air.

Now let’s talk about the composition of expanded clay concrete grades 200 (M200), 75 and other popular ones, as well as about compliance with GOST 25820-2000 and other equally important nuances.

The following video will tell you about the proportions of the mixture for the production of expanded clay concrete blocks, as well as its preparation:

Special Applications

Floor

Composition of expanded clay concrete for flooring - frequently asked question for many people involved in construction. Expanded clay concrete includes several components, which may differ depending on the purpose of use. So the floor mixture will include:

• Cement minimum M500.
• Water;
• Sand;
• Expanded clay.

For floor screed optimal choice will become expanded clay gravel. Moreover, by 0.5-0.6 cubic meters. m of expanded clay should account for 1.4-1.5 tons of a mixture of sand and cement. For more clear example the proportion looks like:

• 1 tsp cement;
• 1 tsp water;
• 3 parts sand;
• 2 hours of expanded clay.

We’ll talk about the composition of expanded clay concrete for walls further.

This video will tell you how such a screed is made from expanded clay concrete:

Walls

To build walls made of expanded clay concrete, you can use the following proportion to prepare the mixture:

• 1 part cement grade 400;
• 1.5 parts of expanded clay sand (fractions up to 5 mm);
• 1 tsp fine expanded clay;

Walls built from of this material, are effectively used in low-rise construction.

Floors

For the construction of expanded clay concrete floors, you can use M400 cement. In this case, the composition of the mixture will be in the following proportions:

• 1 tsp cement;
• 3-4 hours of sand;
• 4-5 hours of expanded clay;
• 1.5 tsp water;
• Plasticizer according to instructions.

Depending on what proportion to adhere to, the final result, the strength of the material and its brand will depend. When using expanded clay of large fractions, a solution with low strength is obtained. It can be used as a thermal insulation material. The use of fine fractions makes it possible to create durable expanded clay concrete that can...

The following video will tell you about the composition of expanded clay concrete for flooring and the production of the mixture for it:

When performing various construction work, there is often a need to make a concrete solution directly on construction site. If you have the necessary equipment, this is not difficult to do, however, it must be taken into account that its quality depends on compliance with the proportions of the components, as well as on a number of other factors. Therefore, next we will consider in detail this process, and also give the proportions for preparing different types of concrete.

Brand

The main parameter of concrete is strength, which is reflected in its grade. The brand number indicates maximum load in kilograms per square centimeter area that the material can support. For example, M200 concrete can withstand a load of 200 kg per square centimeter.

Thus, before you start preparing the solution, you need to decide on its brand. To do this, calculate the load on concrete structure. True, builders rarely accurately calculate the required grade, since they can use material with a margin of safety.

The only thing is that this stock should be reasonable, since the higher the brand, the higher the price of the material. Therefore, excessive strength leads to an unreasonable increase in construction costs.

Proportions

M100

This brand is widely used in repair, construction and restoration work.

In particular, the material is used for the following purposes:

• To perform the foundation substrate;
• When making roughings on the ground;
• When arranging parking lots and various sites;
• During production reinforced concrete structures, which will not be subject to excessive loads.

In the photo - crushed stone for preparing the solution

Table of proportions for preparing M100 concrete per 1m3:

For , i.e. without crushed stone, the proportions are as follows:

M200

To prepare M200 concrete mortar per 1 m3, mix the components in the following proportions:

This brand is the most popular, since its scope is very wide.

Most often the material is used for the following purposes:

• When constructing foundations;
• For the construction of staircases;
• When screeding floors and other structures.

Note! Thanks to excellent technical specifications, this brand is the most favorable in terms of price/quality ratio.

M300

The proportions for preparing M300 concrete are as follows:

The M300 grade is even more durable, which is why it is used in the construction load-bearing structures, which are expected to bear a large load. In particular, they often fill the foundations of heavy buildings, make floors, etc.

Note! To prepare the solution, it is necessary to use fresh cement, since its quality deteriorates over time. So in a year it can lose up to 40 percent of its strength.

Proportions of expanded clay concrete

Separately, it should be said about such a material as expanded clay concrete. Its difference from ordinary concrete is that expanded clay is added to it as a coarse filler. These are light and porous granules, which at the same time have good strength.

The use of expanded clay in the solution makes the material lighter and “warmer”. Due to the strength of expanded clay, expanded clay concrete can be used in the construction of walls and even in the foundations of small light buildings, for example, garages or outbuildings. In addition, it has found wide application in insulating flat roofs.

The proportions for preparing expanded clay concrete are as follows:

These proportions will make it possible to create expanded clay concrete grade M200.

To prepare a concrete solution, you will definitely need a concrete mixer, since it is very difficult to mix concrete manually, especially if the composition contains crushed stone or gravel. Therefore, it is unlikely that it will be possible to obtain a high-quality homogeneous mixture.

It should also be noted that performing the solution requires following a certain sequence:

• First of all, you need to pour the dry ingredients – sand and cement – ​​into the concrete mixer with your own hands.
• After the components are mixed into a homogeneous mixture, they should be gradually poured into water, and care must be taken that it is clean. Experts recommend preparing a solution based on drinking water.
• After obtaining a homogeneous mass, the filler, cleared of clay or other contaminants, is poured into the concrete mixer.

Note! To improve the quality of the material, a plasticizer and other additives can be added to the composition. They should be added to the composition at the stage of pouring water, in accordance with the instructions from the manufacturer.

This completes the process of preparing the solution. It must be said that expanded clay concrete is prepared in the same sequence.

Conclusion

If the above proportions and concrete preparation technology are observed, you can get quality material and at home. The only thing is that you need to pay attention to the quality of the components, since even dirty water or sand with admixtures can significantly reduce the strength and other properties of the composition.

From the video in this article you can get Additional information on this topic.