Tales of the housekeeper Pelageya. Summary of a lesson in literature on the topic “Young reader in a work of fiction”
Questions and tasks
1. Why did Seryozha like all the tales of the Arabian Nights?
2. What “mysterious miracles” especially attracted him? Name some of them.
1. How did Seryozha retell these tales to his family? What did he especially emphasize in his retellings?
2. How do you explain why Seryozha, “without noticing it, supplemented Scheherazade’s stories with many details of his invention”?
3. Seryozha “talked about everything... just as if he himself was here and saw everything himself.” Does this state happen to you when retelling an interesting book?
The hero of a literary work as a reader
Every writer, of course, is an active reader. It also happens that we learn about a writer’s reading when we get acquainted with his diaries. So Leo Tolstoy, remembering his children's reading, compiled lists of works that had the greatest influence on him. The first list concerns the age of up to 14 years.
S. T. Aksakov, as you now know, talks about his childhood reading in his autobiographical work “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson.” But we often meet literary heroes-readers in books about fictional characters. You probably have no doubt that Tom Sawyer read many books that helped his wild imagination, and that Anya ended up in Wonderland primarily because she was an avid reader.
Remembering literary heroes-readers, you notice in them the ability that Seryozha Bagrov described with such surprise - he sought to supplement the author’s stories with “many details of his invention.” His aunt and sister were very ashamed of him for this and called him a braggart, and Seryozha himself was surprised by this circumstance, knowing for sure that “he was a very truthful boy back then and could not stand lies.” But even careful observation of himself did not help him. He writes about this state: “I became more careful and watched myself until I got excited; in my ardor I forgot everything, and my ardent imagination came into its boundless rights.” This is how we find out what kind of reader the literary hero was. Observing how literary characters read will help you hone your own reading skills.
Questions and tasks
1. Remember the “Rules for the Reader.” How do they help you organize your own reading?
2. Name literary heroes whom you would like to imitate in your reading.
1. Describe Serezha Bagrov as a reader.
1. Tell us about your idea of an ideal reader.
2. Do you think the ability to add your own inventions to what you read in a book is a strength or weakness of a reader?
(S. T. Aksakov)
Not a cloud in the hazy whitish sky, not the slightest wind on the snowy plains. The red but unclear sun turned from low midday to near sunset. The cruel Epiphany frost shackled nature, squeezed, scorched, burned all living things. But man is at peace with the fury of the elements; Russian man is not afraid of frost.
“The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson” is an autobiographical work by Sergei Aksakov. In this book, the writer talks about his childhood spent in the Southern Urals. The first books read by the future writer, the first joys and sorrows - all this is described in the work “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson.” A summary of the novel is presented in the article.
about the author
There is very little fiction in the book “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson.” The summary of the early period of the writer’s biography almost completely corresponds to the condensed presentation of this work of art. True, the novel, of course, reflects not only events, but also emotions and feelings of the future prose writer.
The book “Childhood” is often called a story. Bagrov - grandson". The genre of this work is an educational novel. However, calling Aksakov's "Childhood Years" a story is not such a gross mistake.
This work has occupied a place in the history of Russian literature important place. It doesn't matter whether it's a novel or a story. “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson” received an enthusiastic reception from both readers and critics. The latter emphasized the novelty of the form, as well as the contribution that Aksakov made to the development of Russian genre prose. This writer, along with Nikolai Gogol and Ivan Turgenev, according to Leo Tolstoy, once again proved that Russian artistic thought is capable of finding new forms and does not always fit into traditional genre frameworks.
Author of the educational novel "The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson", summary which is set out below, was born in 1791. His hometown was Ufa. The father of the future writer served as a prosecutor at the zemstvo court. Mother was an intelligent and powerful woman. The daughter of the Governor-General of the Ufa Governorate spent her childhood and youth among officials and received a good education for those times.
Sergei Aksakov spent his childhood on a family estate located in the Orenburg province. The title of the work discussed in today’s article did not appear by chance. The grandfather of the future writer had a huge influence on the formation of his grandson’s worldview.
History of writing
Aksakov began working on the autobiographical trilogy in the forties. "Family Chronicles" was first published partially. The first excerpt appeared in 1846 on the pages of the literary magazine "Moskvityanin", and then the following parts of the autobiographical work were regularly published. The final part was “Memories”. The second and most famous is “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson.”
The summary of the fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower" is known to everyone. early years. But does everyone know that the Russian story of beauty and the beast first appeared as part of a novel telling about the writer’s childhood? The tale was told by one of the heroines, the housekeeper Pelageya. Subsequently, “The Scarlet Flower” was published separately more than once, and then became the most published work of Sergei Aksakov.
Early memories
What is told in the novel “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson”? There is no plot as such in this work. This is a collection of memories, in the first chapters of the book, quite early, dating back almost to the hero’s infancy.
Pictures often emerge from a person’s memory that he seemingly cannot remember. This also happens with Aksakov’s character. He assures his family that, for example, he remembers well the moment of parting with his nurse. His parents do not believe him, believing that he once heard all this from his mother or from the same nurse, and then mistook it for his own memories. Nevertheless, in the book “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson,” Aksakov warns in the preface that everything told is not fiction, but facts that should not be doubted.
Disease
The hero's early memories are associated with a serious illness. Seryozha was often ill as a child, and once his parents almost lost him. During the long illness of the mother, Sofya Nikolaevna, relatives more than once told her that she should come to terms with the imminent death of the child. But the woman took such statements with hostility. She continued to do everything to save her son from the disease, and her actions often seemed senseless to those around her.
Serezha’s parents decided that long travels would contribute to his recovery. But one day, during one of the trips, the boy became so ill that he had to stop. They put him on tall grass where he lay for several hours. And after this journey the boy recovered. As already mentioned, the novel “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson” is an autobiographical work. Aksakov, like his hero, was very sick as a child and survived, perhaps thanks to the love and care of his mother.
First book read
The hero learned to read so early that he did not remember when the book first appeared in his hands. After his illness, he became a rather sensitive, nervous boy. The only activity that brought peace to his soul was reading. The first book was the one that his neighbor Anichkov gave him. It was called "Children's Reading for the Heart and Mind." This was his only book, and he soon learned it by heart.
Seryozha had to experience his first separation from his parents at the age of four. The mother decided that she had fallen ill with consumption, and therefore, together with her father, she went to Orenburg to see a famous doctor. They took the children to Bagrovo. Seryozha and his sister had to spend several months away from their home.
Bagrovo
The grandfather, as already mentioned, had a huge influence on the future writer. However, he left far from pleasant memories in the memory of the central character of the novel “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson.” The main characters in the work are shown through the eyes of a little boy. He madly loves his mother, respects his father, but he is frightened by his relatives, with whom he is forced to stay in the same house for several months.
Grandfather turned out to be quite controversial person. Sometimes he talked for a long time with Seryozha and his sister, but sometimes he was gloomy and silent. In addition, the boy once witnessed an unpleasant scene: the old man was furiously stamping his feet and loudly cursing. The boy did not know what caused this anger, but he treated his grandfather with distrust.
Among adults, relationships were far from simple. The boy's mother was disliked in the family of his father's parents. They considered her arrogant, arrogant, and Seryozha himself - a “mama’s boy.” One day, his cousins arrived in Bagrovo, and the boy finally realized that he and his sister were not treated favorably in this house. These girls “belonged” here, they were surrounded by love, affection, they even made their tea sweeter.
Back in Ufa
Unlike his father's relatives, his mother's brothers made a positive impression on Seryozha. He met them upon returning home. Sergei and Alexander carried out military service in a dragoon regiment. They came on vacation for several months, and at first sight the boy fell in love with both of them. They were beautiful, young, affectionate and cheerful, and most importantly, they told their nephew a lot of interesting things. Seryozha learned about what poetry is from them.
The boy was happy to plunge into his familiar environment again. In the grandfather's house, the children began to be treated more kindly in the last weeks of their stay. But still, they, and above all Seryozha, were glad to return to the Ufa house.
Seryozha's family lived relatively poorly. Nevertheless, it was in his parents’ house that unforgettable holidays were held. The mother prepared macaroons with her own hands, and watching this process was one of the boy’s favorite pastimes. He was looking forward to the appearance of this delicacy on festive table, primarily because he was pleased to listen to the praises that were spoken about Sofia Nikolaevna.
First teacher
The mother's brothers, however, were also directly related to one of the unpleasant events in the protagonist's childhood. Having learned that the boy could not write, they began to tease him cruelly, as a result of which he attacked them with his fists. Seryozha was punished and spent several hours in the corner. And then he got so worried that he got sick again.
This whole story, of course, ended with general reconciliation. And after Seryozha’s recovery, his parents hired a teacher, who began giving him writing lessons. But even here there were some unpleasant discoveries. One day the boy went to the school where the teacher worked. At home, the teacher was quite affectionate with Seryozha. At the educational institution, this man treated his students very cruelly.
Sergeevskaya wasteland
This is what the boy’s father called the acquired lands. Seryozha, of course, was very proud of this, and soon learned that they would spend the coming summer in a new village. From his father he inherited a love of nature. He was not upset by the unfinished, uninhabited house in Sergeevka, but was very pleased by his participation in a weapons hunt, the view of the picturesque Lake Kiishki and other details of rural life.
After his life in the countryside, Serezhin’s love for his Ufa home faded away. From now on, the only thing that pleased him here was the opportunity to spend hours reading. Upon returning from the village, the boy heard about the accomplished event, which later received considerable significance in the history of Russia - the death of Catherine II and the ascension of Paul to the throne.
Back in Bagrovo
One day news came about my grandfather's illness. The family hits the road again. Seryozha managed to say goodbye to his grandfather, but he was no longer able to talk. The old man did not cry or scream - he was paralyzed. The boy was unpleasantly surprised by the behavior of his relatives. The aunts fell at the feet of Father Seryozha - as if they were a new owner. Everyone at the table sobbed loudly, as if for show, but at the same time they ate with great appetite.
Last years of childhood
After Seryozha's father became the owner of Bagrov, he resigned. The whole family moved to the village that Seryozha once disliked so much. The main character is distinguished by his extraordinary powers of observation and his capacity for compassion—all of which, perhaps, later helped Aksakov to become one of the greatest Russian writers.
His hero Seryozha is a typical representative of a landowner family. In the first days of his life in Bagrovo, he feels compassion for his grandmother, who recently lost her husband. But soon he sees how she cruelly treats the servants. Assault was a component of landowner life; no one could be surprised by this then. Sergei was distinguished by amazing clarity and the ability to form his own opinion, independent of anyone. The cruelty towards the servants, which the grandmother so often showed, turned the boy away from her.
In Bagrovo, Seryozha first appreciated the beauty of the winter landscape. It was here that he learned about what real spring is. In the village that his father inherited from his grandfather, he heard a fairy tale about a merchant’s daughter, who once paid with freedom for her dreams of a scarlet flower. Bagrov the grandson spent his last childhood years on the family estate. And then a new period of his life began - entering the gymnasium, fresh impressions, new acquaintances, in a word, adolescence...
Summary of a lesson on literature on the topic: “ Young reader V work of art».
Lesson time – 1 hour. Form of delivery: lesson-conversation. The following types of methods were used in planning and conducting the lesson:
Reproductive.
Heuristic.
Productive.
Lesson type – lesson on studying a work of art.
Type of lesson – lesson on the perception of a work of art.
(According to Kudryashev’s Classification).
During the lesson, a detailed analysis of a literary work was implemented.
Lesson objectives:
Expand students' understanding of the works of 19th century writers.
Update previously studied material.
Introduce students to the works of S. T. Aksakov.
Continue to develop the skill of analyzing a literary work.
Educational:
Educational:
Strengthen the skill of creating a coherent monologue statement.
Develop the ability to write an essay on a given topic.
Develop the skill of systematizing the information received and identifying the main thing.
Strengthen expressive reading skills.
Educational:
Instill a love of literature.
To develop respect for Russian art.
Expected learning outcomes:
The main stages of Aksakov's life.
The concept of "autobiographical literature".
Know:
Be able to:
See the connection between the writer’s life and his work.
Perceive the literary process as a holistic phenomenon.
Create a coherent statement.
Own:
The skill of constructing a monologue statement on a given topic.
Skill in retelling text.
Equipment:
Textbook.
Methodical techniques:
Teacher's story.
Conversation on issues.
Implementation of interdisciplinary connections.
Expressive reading.
Lesson plan:
Organizational moment (2 min.)
Setting lesson goals (2 min).
Updating knowledge (4 min).
Examination homework(7 min).
Biographical information (5 min).
Commented reading (7 min).
Conversation on issues (10 min).
Summing up (3 min).
Formulation and explanation of homework (3 min).
Self-reflection and completion (2 min).
During the classes:
1. Organizational moment.
Hello guys. Sit down. Open your literature notebooks, write down today's date, class work and the topic of today's lesson.
2. Setting lesson goals.
Today we will continue to study the works of representatives of literature of the 19th century. In previous classes, we remembered what a fable is and read Krylov’s fables. We learned what a ballad is and got acquainted with the ballads of Zhukovsky, and now we will move on to reading prose and get acquainted with the work of the wonderful writer Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov.
Updating knowledge.
Autobiographical works occupy the main place in Aksakov’s work. Such as “Family Chronicle” and “Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson,” a fragment from which we will read in class today.
Q: But first, let’s remember what autobiographical literature is?
(A biography is a description of life, respectively, an autobiography is...?)
A: This is a genre of literature, a description of life by the author.
Q: Let's remember the main difference between autobiographical literature and the genres of other works. Who is the character very similar to the real author in such a work?
A: The main character.
Absolutely true. The main difference between autobiography and other genres of literature is not only that the narration is told from the 1st person (that is, from “I”), but also that main character is a character very similar to the author, possessing many of his traits. And the events taking place in the hero’s fate also took place in the life of the author himself. There are many examples of works of this nature in the literature. And among them are Aksakov’s stories.
Checking homework.
Before we start reading, let's talk about the life of Sergei Timofeevich. For homework you were asked to read an article about the writer, page 67 in the textbooks. So let's summarize what we learned from this article?
Q: Where did Aksakov spend his childhood?
A: In Ufa.
Q: Where did the writer live later?
A: In St. Petersburg, Moscow.
Right. Look, during his life the writer changed quite a few places of residence. He spent his childhood in Ufa, studied in Kazan, then lived in St. Petersburg and Moscow. This, of course, influenced the author’s consciousness, expanding his horizons and the themes of his work.
Q: What essay is published in 1834?
A: Essay “Buran”.
Q: What other works, besides autobiographical prose, were created by Aksakov?
A: “Notes about fishing”, “Notes of a gun hunter”, “Stories and memories of a hunter about different hunts”.
-Q: What is the main theme of these works (if we judge based at least on their titles?)
A: natural.
A: hunting.
Guys, you probably know that many writers were talented and versatile people, and in this regard they were not limited to literature. So, the poet, whose work we turned to in the last lesson, Zhukovsky, was known in addition to his main talent by several others.
Q: By the way, which ones? Who was Zhukovsky's mentor?
A: Young Tsar Alexander.
A: He had teaching talent.
Q: Remember the ballad we read, “The Forest King.” What kind of ballad is this? What makes it special?
A: This is a translation of Goethe's ballad.
Q: So, who else, besides a writer, was Zhukovsky?
A: Translator.
Absolutely true. And we will see the same if we get acquainted with the lives of other writers and poets of that time. Fundamentally, these people are not just well educated, but also very talented. And Sergei Timofeevich was no exception.
Q: Concluding our discussion of the article, let’s remember who else Aksakov was?
A: Translator, literary and theater critic.
Yes, and above all, Sergei Timofeevich was a writer who left wonderful works for his descendants.
I'll tell you a little about Aksakov's life, and then we'll start reading.
Listen carefully. In this story there will be very important details, necessary for further work with the works of this author.
Brief biographical information.
Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov was born in Ufa, into a poor but ancient noble family. Aksakov spent his childhood years on his grandfather's estate Novo-Aksakov - a wide expanse of steppe spaces. Then he and his family moved to Kazan, where he studied. Even in his gymnasium years, Aksakov found himself in the center of a circle of young people who showed a keen interest in art, theater and literature.
Aksakov will remain in the memory of descendants as a translator, theater and literary critic and, above all, an original writer.
On the estate of his father and grandfather in old Aksakov, the future writer had the opportunity to communicate with nature, which he loved to the point of oblivion, and became addicted to fishing and hunting. Aksakov even has a number of essays and stories about fishing and gun hunting - then this was the first time in literature.
It was then that Sergei Timofeevich first came into contact with folk poetry, folk songs and Christmas games. Aksakov could only watch the Yuletide games in secret from his mother, since, in her opinion, “common people’s games and amusements offended secular concepts and habits.”
The only thing she allowed for her son in this regard was telling bedtime stories.
In early childhood, Aksakov became interested in reading. He read various translated books, read with interest, and learned a lot almost by heart.
It is important that his childhood reading consisted mainly of Russian books, when at that time French “dominated.”
Even as a child, he became acquainted with the works of famous Russian poetsXVIIIcentury. I also read Scheherazade’s tales in Russian. He read fairy tales to the point of unconsciousness and loved to retell them, introducing entire episodes of his own composition.
Last years life were the most intense and creatively fruitful period of Aksakov’s life. At an advanced age, almost completely blind, he experiences an extraordinary rise in all his spiritual powers.
Commented reading.
"Childhood years of Bagrov - grandson."
Guys, I told you about the life of Sergei Timofeevich. Now let’s read a fragment from Aksakov’s work “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson,” which is presented in your textbook on page 68.
(read by several people)
1 person to the words “Where is the secret of such charm?”
2 people to the words “Auntie often stopped me.”
3 people to go.
Conversation on issues.
We have now read a short excerpt from Aksakov’s work. Please note that the author left here little boy his first name, but changed his last name. So let's talk a little.
Q: Who is the main character?
- Right. Guys, let's not confuse concepts. The author and the hero are not identical concepts, even in autobiographical literature, where we see a character very similar to the real author. This is a work of art, therefore, we are talking about the hero of this work. These concepts cannot be mixed.
Q: So, again, what conclusion can we make about the genre?
A: This is an autobiographical work.
Q: What is this text about? What does Seryozha remember?
A: My childhood reading.
Q: What were the main reader interests?
A: Arabian tales.
Q: Why did Seryozha like Arabian fairy tales so much? (find the answer in the text)
A: “They aroused my childhood curiosity, amazed me with the unexpectedness of outlandish adventures, and ignited my own fantasies.”
Q: What is the secret of the charm of these tales? (find the answer in the text)
A: “I think it lies in the passion for the wonderful, which is more or less innate in all children, and which in mine was exceptionally unrestrained by reason.”
Q: What mysterious miracles particularly attracted him? (find the answer in the text).
A: “Geniuses, sometimes imprisoned in a well, sometimes in a clay vessel, people transformed into animals, enchanted fish, a black dog, which the beautiful Zobeida flogs, and then hugs and kisses with tears...”
Q: How did Seryozha retell these tales to his family? Why did my aunt and sister notice the difference from the retellings?
A: Retold with added facts.
Q: And why did Seryozha supplement Scheherazade’s stories with details of his invention? Why did he do this? Is it conscious?
A: Because of the heat of fantasy.
Q: Do you ever have situations when you supplement the retelling of something (a book, a film, an event) with new unprecedented facts?
A: Yes, very often.
A: No, never, I don’t see the point.
A: Occasionally, when you really like a movie or book.
Q: Why do you think people do this? Are they embellishing events?
A: Depending on the meaning. Someone wants to be interested.
A: Someone is just fantasizing.
A: Some people deliberately distort the facts.
A: It’s impossible to say for sure, it all depends on the situation. If a person does it unintentionally, then it is not bad.
A: Even if a person does this intentionally, it is not a disadvantage if a person wants to interest another.
A: But if he lies on purpose, or brags about how beautifully he speaks, that’s worse.
Q: Guys, before this I told you about the life of Sergei Timofeevich. Why do you think the reading of the fragment was preceded by this story?
A: To make it clear that this is an autobiographical work.
Q: How did you understand this?
A: The text contains facts from Aksakov’s life. For example, the fact that he loved fairy tales very much and also supplemented them with non-existent details.
So, we got acquainted with a fragment of Aksakov’s autobiographical work “The Childhood Years of Bagrov’s Grandson.” We learned about little Seryozha's reading preferences. The image of a hero-reader appeared before us. In the future, when you study even more serious works, the book that accompanies the hero throughout the pages of the work will be able to say a lot about its owner, that is, about the hero-reader. A book can characterize not only the hero of a literary work.
Q: Who does the book primarily characterize?
A: The person who reads it.
Surely many of you, in addition to works from school curriculum on literature, read other books. By comparing yourself to your reading heroes, you can draw conclusions about your literary preferences and your emerging reading taste.
Q: How would you characterize Seryozha as a reader?
A: He can be called a good reader. He reads very enthusiastically.
A: Seryozha cannot be called a good reader, because he adds new facts.
A: On the contrary, it's good. This means that the book has a strong impact on Seryozha. He passes the content of the book not only through his head, but also through his soul.
Q: Tell me, how do you imagine a good reader? What should it be like?
A: A good reader must read carefully and not get distracted.
A: He must get acquainted with several works of one author in order to create an idea about him.
A: It’s good to get to know the writer’s life to understand why he wrote such a work.
Summarizing.
Q: Guys, while we have time left, let's repeat what we learned in class today?
A: We have repeated the definition of autobiographical literature.
A: We got acquainted with the life and work of Aksakov.
A: We read an excerpt from his autobiographical work.
Formulation and explanation of homework.
Self-reflection and closure.
Guys, how much did you like the work we analyzed today? Rate it on a ten-point scale.
(After the topic, children write down the name of the work and give a point. A mini-essay is written under the same topic).
- The lesson is over. Thank you for your attention. See you.
Materials used:
Literature. 6th grade At 2 o'clock. Part 1: training. - a textbook for general education. Institutions / auto comp. T. F. Kurdyumova. M.: Bustard, 2013.
Program for general education. Institutions 5-9 grades. / T. F. Kurdyumova. M.: Bustard, 2013.
Literature. Toolkit. 6th grade / T. F. Kurdyumova. M.: Bustard, 2013.
- In the 5th grade textbook, the name of S. T. Aksakov and his works are mentioned twice in questions and assignments. Remember where these questions are placed. Is there a connection between the passage you read and the tasks you completed last year? What are your conclusions?
- Does Seryozha Bagrov’s attitude towards the Arabian fairy tales “A Thousand and One Nights” resonate with you as readers? Did fairy tales leave you “amazed by the unexpectedness of outlandish adventures,” or did you understand this only after reading Aksakov’s memoirs?
- What fairy tales does the author mention at the beginning of his story? They are not named, but only some of their features are mentioned. Which ones did you find out?
- How does Aksakov explain “the secret of the charm of fairy tales”? Do you agree with the author?
- How do you feel about the fact that Seryozha added a lot when retelling fairy tales? Who is right - he or the aunt who reproached him?
- What is your opinion on these fairy tales? Is it close to what Aksakov described??
- How did you rate the narrator's response to the stories?
- He surprised you
- he surprised and delighted you,
- he left you indifferent
- do you agree with him,
- you just can't agree with him,
- Is it possible to say that Bagrov-grandson was a truthful boy and as a reader?Material from the site Seryozha was a truthful boy also as a reader, since he noticed what and how he managed to add to his retelling of the book he read. It is difficult to say whether he was right when he had a hard time going through these alterations. He probably should have been glad that the author forced him to participate in the expansion of his works, because as a reader he was fulfilling the cherished dream of the author himself.
- What hero-readers—your peers—could you name? What makes them different from each other?
- Did the hero accurately define his inventions when he admitted that he “lied” when telling tales from the Arabian Nights?
The name of S. T. Aksakov in the 5th grade textbook was mentioned, in particular, in connection with the tales “One Thousand and One Nights” from the fairy-tale “catalogue” of the housekeeper Pelageya. Reading about the travels of Sinbad the Sailor, you became acquainted with the wonders of the Arabian folk tales. Now we are convinced that Bagrov the grandson was an equally enthusiastic reader of these fairy tales.
This year you could again answer the questions that you were asked last year.
How to prove that the story of Sinbad's first journey is a fairy tale?
What fairy tale by the Russian writer did the beginning of Sinbad’s first journey remind you of?
What reasons caused such a long life of these fairy tales in all countries of the world?
A fairy tale is distinguished by the presence of miracles, magic in events, and participation in them fairy-tale heroes. Everything about them - heroes, events, the reasons for their development and how they end - is in the power of magic. But fairy tales different nations are often similar to each other; characters and many events migrate from one fairy tale to another. So, in P. P. Er-shov’s fairy tale “The Little Humpbacked Horse” there is an episode in which many houses and trees are located on the back of a fish. There are similar events, similar scenes in the fairy tales of many peoples. Long life fairy tales and fairy-tale episodes can be explained by the fact that a person constantly wants to see and achieve something unusual, difficult to achieve.
We can conclude: fairy tales were born from human imagination, just as they are born now. Only now they are being born both as fairy tales and as works of science fiction.
Fairy tales always surprise with both their heroes and their events. We are probably not as amazed as Seryozha Bagrov’s peers, because there are a lot of people around us scientific discoveries and technical inventions. And yet the “unexpectedness of outlandish adventures” leaves us in amazement. There probably won’t be a time when a person stops being amazed at miracles.
At the beginning of his memoirs about his reading, Seryozha says: “Geniuses imprisoned either in a well or in a clay vessel, people transformed into animals, enchanted fish...” Such stories are familiar to many from independent reading, for example, the fairy tale “Aladdin’s Magic Lamp.”
S. T. Aksakov wrote: “Where is the secret of such charm hidden? I think that it lies in the passion for the miraculous, which is more or less innate in all children...” We can probably agree with the writer: all of us, not only in books, but also in life, are attracted to mysteries, especially those that we eventually manages to figure it out.
Seryozha added a lot in his retellings. He was probably right: good work generated by the author's imagination and awakens the reader's imagination. What Seryozha added on his own was, as it were, suggested by the fairy tale itself and only proves that it was good.
Seryozha was right, being carried away by the fairy tales he read. We like them, but our interest is not so great, because today's reader has many more books at his disposal than at the time when Seryozha was a reader. But when retelling it, we also add something of our own.
Each reader can choose any answer. Most often they agree with Seryozha Bagrov, although more than a hundred years separate him from us.
One of the sixth-graders remembered Kal-le Blumkvist and his passion for detective stories. Comparing him with Seryozha Bagrov, we can say that Calle transferred his impressions from books to life, and Seryozha complemented the content of fairy tales.
Seryozha was probably wrong in believing that he “lied” when telling tales from One Thousand and One Nights. If he added little things that were not in the fairy tale, this indicates that he well understood everything that was happening in it. Fantasy helped Serya expand and make more detailed the picture he saw in the fairy tale
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On this page there is material on the following topics:
- questions from the childhood years of the crimson grandson
- childhood years of the crimson grandson, questions
- retelling about Serezha 4th grade aksaks
- characterization of Seryozha Bagrov from Aksakov’s story
- What kind of character is Seryozha Bagrov the hero of the book?
Current page: 3 (book has 13 pages total) [available reading passage: 9 pages]
Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov (1791–1859)
Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov was born into an old noble family. He spent his childhood in Ufa and on the family estate Novo-Aksakovo, Orenburg province. He studied in Kazan, first at the gymnasium, then at the university. Aksakov lived in St. Petersburg, Moscow and estate near Moscow Abramtsevo (now there is a literary and art museum there). He served in the Law Drafting Commission and the Moscow Censorship Committee.
Aksakov will remain in the memory of descendants as a translator, theater and literary critic and, above all, an original writer.
In 1834, the essay “Buran” was published, which is considered a harbinger of Aksakov’s autobiographical prose. Then “Notes on Fishing”, “Notes of a Gun Hunter of the Orenburg Province” and “Stories and Memoirs of a Hunter about Various Hunts” were created. This is how a kind of “hunting” trilogy was created, in which the writer combined “smart hunting notes and observations, picturesque pictures of nature, interesting anecdotes and poetry,” as N. A. Nekrasov noted.
The main place in the work of S. T. Aksakov is occupied by autobiographical works - “Family Chronicle” and “Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson.”
(S. T. Aksakov)
At the first opportunity, I began to read Arabic fairy tales, which captured my fervent imagination for a long time. I liked all the fairy tales; I didn't know which one to give preference to! They aroused my childhood curiosity, amazed me with the unexpectedness of outlandish adventures, and ignited my own fantasies. Geniuses, imprisoned either in a well or in a clay vessel, people transformed into animals, enchanted fish, a black dog, which the beautiful Zobeida flogs and then hugs and kisses with tears... how many mysterious miracles, when reading which the spirit was busy in the chest! With what greed, with what insatiable curiosity I read these fairy tales, and at the same time I knew that this was all fiction, a real fairy tale, that this did not exist in the world and could not exist. Where is the secret of such charm hidden? I think that it lies in the passion for the miraculous, which is more or less innate in all children and which in mine was exceptionally unrestrained by reason. Not only did I read, as usual, with enthusiasm and delight, but I then told my sister and aunt what I had read with such ardent animation and, one might say, self-forgetfulness that, without noticing it, I supplemented Scheherazade’s stories with many details of my invention and he spoke about everything I read, as if he himself had been there and seen everything himself. Having aroused the attention and curiosity of my listeners and satisfying their desire, I began to reread Arabic tales aloud to them - and the additions of my own imagination were noticed and discovered by my aunt and confirmed by my sister. Auntie often stopped me, saying: “How come what you told us isn’t here? So, you made it all up on your own? Look what a braggart you are! You can’t be trusted.” “This sentence really puzzled me and made me think. I was then a very truthful boy and could not stand lies; and here I myself saw that I had definitely lied a lot about Scheherazade. I myself was surprised not to find in the book what it seemed to me that I had read in it and what was completely established in my head. I became more careful and watched myself until I got excited; in my ardor I forgot everything, and my ardent imagination came into its own boundless rights.
Questions and tasks
1. Why did Seryozha like all the tales of the Arabian Nights?
2. What “mysterious miracles” especially attracted him? Name some of them.
1. How did Seryozha retell these tales to his family? What did he especially emphasize in his retellings?
2. How do you explain why Seryozha, “without noticing it, supplemented Scheherazade’s stories with many details of his invention”?
3. Seryozha “talked about everything... just as if he himself was here and saw everything himself.” Does this state happen to you when retelling an interesting book?
Every writer, of course, is an active reader. It also happens that we learn about a writer’s reading when we get acquainted with his diaries. So Leo Tolstoy, remembering his childhood reading, compiled lists of works that had the greatest influence on him. The first list concerns the age of up to 14 years.
S. T. Aksakov, as you now know, talks about his childhood reading in his autobiographical work “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson.” But we often meet literary heroes-readers in books about fictional characters. You probably have no doubt that Tom Sawyer read many books that helped his wild imagination, and that Anya ended up in Wonderland primarily because she was an avid reader.
Remembering literary heroes-readers, you notice their ability, which Seryozha Bagrov described with such surprise - he sought to supplement the author’s stories with “many details of his invention.” His aunt and sister were very ashamed of him for this and called him a braggart, and Seryozha himself was surprised by this circumstance, knowing for sure that “he was a very truthful boy back then and could not stand lies.” But even careful observation of himself did not help him. He writes about this state: “I became more careful and watched myself until I got excited; in my ardor I forgot everything, and my ardent imagination came into its boundless rights.” This is how we find out what kind of reader the literary hero was. Observing how literary characters read will help you hone your own reading skills.
Questions and tasks
1. Remember the “Rules for the Reader.” How do they help you organize your own reading?
2. Name literary heroes whom you would like to imitate in your reading.
1. Describe Serezha Bagrov as a reader.
1. Tell us about your idea of an ideal reader.
2. Do you think the ability to add your own inventions to what you read in a book is a strength or weakness of a reader?
(S. T. Aksakov)
Not a cloud in the hazy whitish sky, not the slightest wind on the snowy plains. The red but unclear sun turned from low midday to near sunset. The cruel Epiphany frost shackled nature, squeezed, scorched, burned all living things. But man is at peace with the fury of the elements; Russian man is not afraid of frost.
The small convoy stretched along a narrow, unmarked country track, like a peasant's sleigh, or, better said, a trail that seemed to have recently been laid across vast snowy deserts. The runners creaked and squealed shrilly and disgustingly to the unaccustomed ear. Dressed in tanned sheepskin coats, sheepskin coats and gray cloth zipuns, pulled down with Bashkir deaf malakhai, the men ran merrily behind their carts. Covered with frost, frozen with icicles, barely opening their mouths, from which white smoke flew out, as if from a cannon when fired, and did not quickly disperse - they joked, jumped, fought, pushed, as if by chance, each other from a narrow path into a deep snowdrift; the pushed one floundered for a long time and did not soon crawl out of the soft snow fluff onto the hard road. It was then that Russian witticisms rained down, by the nature of the Russian person, always dressed in a figure of irony. “Don’t talk painfully,” one said to the other, “you’ll burn your tongue: look at the heat, it’s scorching!” - “Joking, joking,” answered the other, “the gypsy himself is breaking out in sweat!” Everyone laughed. This is how the spirit and body of a Russian peasant warms up in the cold.
Moving at a quick pace, and at a drag and trot, the convoy rose to a hill and drove into birch grove- the only forest in a large steppe area. The poor grove presented a wonderful, sad sight! As if a hurricane or thunderclaps were playing over her for a long time: everything was so distorted. Young trees, bent into various arches, stuck their flexible tops in the snowdrifts and seemed to be trying to pull them out. Older trees, broken in half, stuck out as tall stumps, while others, torn in two, lay sprawled on both sides. "What the hell is this! - said the young man, - what kind of devil deformed the birch tree? “Not the devil, but the frost,” answered the old man, “look how much of it has poured onto the branches... a mortal craving! After all, under the frost there is ice as thick as an arm, and everything is on one side, all by midnight. This happens after a thaw, it doesn’t happen every year, and it heralds the harvest: there will be plenty of bread.” “What can we do with him?..” the young peasant picked up and wanted to continue, but the old man, who had been carefully looking in all directions for some time, leaning towards the road with a narrowed eye, shouted sternly: “Enough of your scribbles, guys. Up to skill 6
This is the name given to one or two households settled on a steppe road for spending the night or feeding convoys. ( Note by S. T. Aksakov.)
It's far away, the night is close, it's no good. Take the reins, sit down and drive the horses!..” They silently obeyed the stern voice of the old man, wise by years of experience, whose penetrating gaze saw darkness in clarity, storm in silence. Everyone chickened out, although they saw nothing terrible. They quickly jumped onto the cart, shouted, touched the reins of the urinals 7
A bridle is a part of a horse’s harness, a horse bridle with one rein for a tether.
The horses were unbridled, and the convoy, emerging from the grove onto the sloping plain, ran at a brisk trot.
Everything still seemed clear in the sky and quiet on the ground. The sun inclined to the west and, slanting its rays across the vast masses of snow, covered them with a diamond bark, and the grove, disfigured by the adhering frost, in its snow and ice, presented from a distance wonderful and varied obelisks, also showered with a diamond shine. Everything was great... But flocks of black grouse flew out with noise from their favorite grove to seek lodgings for the night in high and open places; but the horses snored, snorted, neighed and seemed to be talking to each other about something; but a whitish cloud, like the head of a huge beast, floated on the eastern horizon of the sky; but a barely noticeable, albeit sharp, breeze pulled from the east to the west - and, bending towards the ground, one could notice how the entire vast expanse of snow fields ran in light streams, flowed, hissed with some kind of snake hiss, quiet but terrible! The convoys, familiar with trouble, knew the fatal signs, were in a hurry to get to villages or towns, turned aside to the nearest village from the direct road if the overnight stay was far away, and did not dare to move even a few miles again. But woe to the inexperienced, who are late in such deserted and empty places, where often, driving dozens of miles, you will not come across human habitation!
This was precisely the situation in which the cheerful convoy, consisting of eighteen carts and ten drivers, had been shortly before this. They were traveling with grain to Orenburg, where they hoped to sell their village surpluses, although inexpensive price, take from Iletskaya Zashchita rock salt, which sometimes manages to be sold very profitably at neighboring bazaars, if due to muddy roads there is little supply. They drove out onto the big Orenburg road, cutting across the so-called General Syrt, a flat hill that stretches towards Yaik, present-day Uralsk, and along which lies the famous Yaik Cossack road. Although the experienced old man noticed the thunderstorm in advance, the journey was long, the horses were skinny, the convoy was late at feeding, and trouble was inevitable...
A white cloud quickly rose and grew from the east, and when the last pale rays of the setting sun disappeared behind the mountain, a huge snow cloud had already covered most of the sky and sprinkled fine snow dust; the steppes of snow were already boiling; Already in the ordinary noise of the wind one could sometimes hear the distant cry of a baby, and sometimes the howl of a hungry wolf. “It’s too late, guys! - the old man shouted. - Stop! there is no point in driving and torturing horses in vain. Let's go at a walk. If we don’t go astray, maybe God will have mercy. Petrovich,” he said, turning to a tall, stocky man, also middle-aged, “ride behind: your bay may not be energetic, but it’s not tiring, it won’t lag behind, and you won’t doze off either.” Keep an eye out so that no one falls behind and strays to the side along the wood or hay road, and I will go in the forefront!” With great difficulty, they dragged the old people forward, and Petrovich's horse, pushing it off the road to the side, went around, then pulled it out of the snowdrift, and Petrovich stood behind. The old man took off his lynx malachai 8
Malakhai is a caftan without a belt.
Exchanged from the Bashkir canton 9
Canton - district.
The foremen, riding on a fat young horse that had broken its leg in the autumn icy conditions, prayed to God and, sitting on the cart: “Well, it’s tough! - He said, although in a cheerless, but firm voice, “you helped me out more than once, serve me now, don’t go astray...” - and the convoy drove off at a walk.
A snowy white cloud, as huge as the sky, covered the entire horizon and quickly covered the last light of the red, burnt evening dawn with a thick veil. Suddenly night came... the storm came with all its fury, with all its horrors. A desert wind blew up in the open air, blew up the snowy steppes like swan fluff, threw them up to the skies... Everything was covered in white darkness, impenetrable, like the darkness of the darkest autumn night! Everything merged, everything was mixed up: the earth, the air, the sky turned into an abyss of boiling snow dust, which blinded the eyes, took up one’s breath, roared, whistled, howled, moaned, beat, ruffled, spun from all sides, above and below, entwined itself like a snake. , and strangled everything he came across.
The heart of the most timid person sinks, the blood freezes, stops from fear, and not from cold, for the cold during snowstorms is significantly reduced. The sight of the disturbance of winter northern nature is so terrible. A person loses his memory, presence of mind, goes mad... and this is the reason for the death of many unfortunate victims.
Our convoy trudged for a long time with its twenty-pound carts. The road began to skid and the horses kept slipping. People mostly walked, stuck knee-deep in snow; Finally, everyone was exhausted; many horses stopped. The old man saw this, and although his serko, who had the hardest time of all, for he was the first to lay the trail, was still cheerfully pulling out his legs, the old man stopped the convoy. “Friends,” he said, calling all the men to him, “there’s nothing to do. We must surrender to the will of God; I need to spend the night here. Let's put the carts and unharnessed horses together in a circle. We will tie the shafts and lift them up, cover them with felts 10
We'll cover it... with felt - we'll wrap it in felt.
Let's sit under them, as if under a hut, and let's wait for the light of God and good people. Maybe we won’t all freeze!”
The advice was strange and scary; but it contained the only means of salvation. Unfortunately, there were young and inexperienced people in the convoy. One of them, whose horse was less stable than the others, did not want to listen to the old man. “That’s enough, grandpa! - he said. “You’ve become sore, so should we stop with you?” you have already lived in this world, you don’t care; but we still want to live. It's seven miles to the point, there won't be any more. Let's go, guys! Let grandfather stay with those whose horses have completely grown. Tomorrow, God willing, we will be alive, we will return here and dig them up.” In vain did the old man speak, in vain did he prove that Serko was less tired than the others; It was in vain that Petrovich and two other men supported him: the six others on twelve carts set off further.
The storm raged hour by hour. It raged all night and all the next day, so there was no driving. Deep ravines became high mounds... Finally, the excitement of the snowy ocean began to gradually subside, which still continues when the sky already shines with a cloudless blue. Another night passed. The violent wind died down and the snow settled. The steppes presented the appearance of a stormy sea, suddenly frozen over... The sun rolled out into a clear sky; its rays began to play on the wavy snow. The convoys and all sorts of travelers who had waited out the storm set off.
Along this very road the empty convoy returned from Orenburg. Suddenly the front one ran over the ends of the shafts sticking out of the snow, near which there was a snow lump that looked like a haystack or a shock of bread. The men began to look and noticed that light steam was wafting from the snow near the shaft. They got the hang of it; They began to tear them off with whatever they could and dug up the old man, Petrovich and their two comrades: all of them were in a sleepy, unconscious state, similar to the state of marmots sleeping in their holes during the winter. The snow melted around them, and they felt warmer than the air temperature. They were pulled out, put in a sleigh and returned to the place, which was definitely not far away. The fresh, frosty air woke them up; they began to move, opened their eyes, but were still without memory, as if stupefied, without any consciousness. In the kitchen, without bringing them into the warm hut, they ground them with snow, gave them wine to drink, and then put them to sleep on the bed. Having slept through real sleep, they came to their senses and remained alive and well.
Six brave men, or, better said, fools, who listened to the young daredevil, probably soon lost their way, as usual began to look for it, testing with their feet whether there would be a hard strip in the soft snow, scattered into different sides, exhausted - and everyone froze. In the spring, the bodies of the unfortunate people were found in various positions. One of them was sitting leaning against the fence of that same building...
Questions and tasks
1. How is a winter day depicted in the Orenburg steppe? Give it a description.
2. What helps to imagine the strength of winter frost in the descriptions of the steppe road and birch grove?
1. Why does the winter steppe appear not as a calm description of a picture of nature, but as a story about a man’s struggle with harsh nature?
3. Observe the change in the description of the snow cloud.
2. Prepare an expressive reading and memorize the description of the most dangerous moments of the snowstorm.
It is worth remembering any time of year, as lines of poetry familiar from preschool childhood come to mind. Whether it is spring or autumn, summer or winter, the poetic lines immediately come to mind and help to paint a familiar picture.
We also know about the passions of writers. So, we know that Pushkin loved autumn very much, and Yesenin loved spring. And of course, we always notice such biases of authors when reading.
In the books we read, meeting the characters and observing the events of their lives, we often don’t think about whether it’s winter or summer in front of us, a forest or a steppe, a city street or the outskirts of a village. And yet we constantly feel the background of events, we see what surrounds the heroes.
Writers often devote entire pages of their fiction to depicting nature.
When the yellowing field is agitated...
(Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov(1814–1841 ))1
When the yellowing field is agitated,
And the fresh forest rustles with the sound of the breeze,
And the raspberry plum is hiding in the garden,
Under the sweet shade of the green leaf;2
When sprinkled with fragrant dew,
On a ruddy evening or morning at the golden hour
From under a bush I get a silver lily of the valley
Nods his head affably;3
When the icy spring plays along the ravine
And, plunging my thoughts into some kind of vague dream,
Babbles a mysterious saga to me
About the peaceful land from which he rushes;4
Then the anxiety of my soul is humbled,
Then the wrinkles on the forehead disperse,
And I can comprehend happiness on earth,
And in heaven I see God!..
The poem speaks of the closeness of the poet and nature. Its four stanzas are combined into one sentence. Three parts of this large sentence paint pictures of nature, the fourth convinces us that the world around us is beautiful.
Questions and tasks
1. Look at what pictures of native nature make the poet happy? List them.
2. How to explain why the poet combined 4 parts of the poem into one big sentence?
1. What colors are used to paint the natural world?
2. The first three stanzas of the poem begin with the word “when,” and only in the fourth stanza the poet tells us “then.” And what do we see “then”? What helps the poet convince us that the world is beautiful?
1. How did the poet show his love for his native nature and his close connection with it?
I remember a long winter evening...
I remember a long winter evening,
(Ivan Alekseevich Bunin(1870–1953 ))
Twilight and silence;
The light of the lamp is dimly pouring,
The storm is crying at the window.“My dear,” my mother whispers, “
If you want to take a nap,
To be cheerful and cheerful
Tomorrow morning to be again, -Forget that the blizzard is howling,
Forget that you are with me
Remember the quiet whisper of the forest
And the mid-day summer heat;Remember how the birch trees rustle,
And behind the forest, at the boundary,
Walk slowly and smoothly
Golden waves of rye!And advice to a friend
I listened trustingly
And, surrounded by dreams,
I started to forget myself.Together with the quiet sleep merged
Lulling dreams -
Whisper of ripening ears
And the indistinct noise of birches...
Questions and tasks
1. Try to talk about sad things winter evening, which the poet’s mother so skillfully turned into a memory of a warm summer. When telling the story, keep the techniques that the poet used.
1. What techniques help you feel the contrast between winter and summer, a sad mood and a dream suggested by your mother?
2. What role does the repetition of the word “forget” play in the mother’s affectionate persuasion?
1. What pictures could be drawn by reading the lines of this poem?
2. What could you tell about the relationship between mother and son after reading this poem?
3. Find rhymes in the lines of the poem. Do all lines rhyme?
4. Remember Bunin’s poems that you know. Which of the techniques with which he depicts the natural world is most clearly manifested than all others?
On a white night the month is red...
On a white night the month is red
(Alexander Alexandrovich Blok(1880–1921 ))
Floats out in the blue.
Ghostly-beautiful wanders,
Reflected in the Neva.I see and dream
Execution of secret thoughts.
Is there goodness hidden in you?
Red moon, quiet noise?..
Questions and tasks
1. What colors is the night in this poem by Blok?
Winter sings and echoes...
Winter sings and echoes,
(Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin(1895–1925 ))
The shaggy forest lulls
The ringing sound of a pine forest.
All around with deep melancholy
Sailing to a distant land
Gray clouds.And there's a snowstorm in the yard
Spreads a silk carpet,
But it's painfully cold.
Sparrows are playful,
Like lonely children,
Huddled by the window.The little birds are cold,
Hungry, tired,
And they huddle tighter.
And the blizzard roars madly
Knocks on the hanging shutters
And he gets angrier.And the tender birds are dozing
Under these snowy whirlwinds
At the frozen window.
And they dream of a beautiful
In the smiles of the sun is clear,
Beautiful spring.
Questions and tasks
1. What troubles does the poet associate with the terrible winter?
2. How did the poet describe the life of sparrows in winter?
1. Find all the epithets associated with the image of sparrows. How do you explain the fact that there are so many of them?
1. Find folklore devices in the text of the poem.
2. Compare the description of winter by Bunin and other poets.
I was brought up by harsh nature...
I was raised by harsh nature,
(Nikolai Alekseevich Zabolotsky(1903–1958 ))
It's enough for me to notice at my feet
Dandelion fluff ball,
Plantain hard blade.The more common a simple plant,
The more it excites me
Its first leaves appear
At dawn of a spring day.In the state of daisies, at the edge,
Where the stream, panting, sings,
I would lie all night until the morning,
Throwing your face back into the sky.Life is a stream of glowing dust
Everything would flow, flow through the sheets,
And the misty stars shone,
Filling the bushes with rays.And, listening to the spring noise
Among the enchanted grasses,
I would still lie and think, I think
Boundless fields and oak forests.
Questions and tasks
1. What signs of “harsh nature” did the poet name in his poem? Name the most striking of these signs.
2. Tell us about the hero of this poem.
1. What feelings do they awaken in the poet? common plants dandelion and plantain?
1. Prepare short story about “harsh nature”, using only images of dandelion, plantain and chamomile. Why will you immediately miss the sky with its stars?
The ability to feel nature and respond to its life is characteristic of every person and is necessary in everyday life. Thus, the lines of works in which we meet nature depict to us both happy and peaceful moments and stormy and tragic events of this powerful and independent world.
Description of nature in literary work called landscape.
Terrible natural phenomena often interfere with people's destinies. In his essay, Aksakov shows how dangerous it is to fail to notice all the shades of changes in nature. This is the story of the fate of the lost convoy in the essay “Buran”.
Some young readers find such descriptions uninteresting; they cannot see the connection in them with the lives of the heroes. However, there is such a connection, even if you have not yet been able to notice it. We are all from the natural world and we need to constantly feel this - then we will perceive the world around us more accurately and brightly.
Questions and tasks
1. Remember the lines describing any time of year that will most quickly emerge in your memory. Test yourself: what time of year came to mind first?
2. Which poets created many poems about nature?
1. Remember the signs of autumn that Pushkin described. Which one most vividly represents this time of year?
2. What signs of winter do you remember most when reading “Buran”?
1. Do poets depict the connection between man and nature in their landscape descriptions? Try to speculate on this topic.
2. Create a dictionary of ten words that include signs of one of the seasons. What works helped you in compiling this dictionary?
3. Hold a competition for the best expert on poems about native nature.
4. Prepare a concert “Favorite seasons of Russian poets.”
