Types of warm (heat-insulating) plaster and work technology. What is warm plaster and how is it applied Do-it-yourself warm plaster

Warm or heat-insulating plaster includes building mixtures that, in addition to binders and minerals, include light and porous fillers of artificial or natural origin. They are rarely used as the main insulation, but are ideal for improving the thermal performance of structures. Ready-made formulations with such properties are produced by many domestic and foreign manufacturers; the best reviews are from Knauf, Osnovit, Umka, Ivsil, Yunis and Vermix, the price is determined by the brand and quality. The choice of a specific brand depends on the conditions and location of the work, the type of base, finishing method, budget and other factors; almost all of them are well suited for self-application.

The basis is a binder: cement (pure or mixed with clay or lime), gypsum and combined types. Sand is present almost everywhere, the difference is only in its proportion. The role of thermal insulation filler is performed by porous materials:

• Expanded polystyrene foam is an affordable and lightweight variety that provides good insulation. The disadvantages include its flammability, but when enveloping foam granules with cement, this factor becomes insignificant. Mixtures with EPS are not used as finishing materials; an important requirement is their protection from mechanical stress.
• Perlite sand or vermiculite is a natural and environmentally friendly type of filler. Particles of porous minerals, such as pumice, have similar properties.
• Foam glass - durable, lightweight, non-flammable hollow granules. Mixtures with their addition have an almost unlimited scope of application, but are also more expensive. They fuse with thermal loads better than others and retain their qualities throughout their entire service life.
• Clay, sawdust, paper, cellulose. Cheap fillers are used to independently prepare warm plasters; with such a significant drawback as low moisture resistance, they are better than others for covering wooden interior surfaces.
• Ceramic or glass spheres, polymer fiber are expensive and not always justified types of filler. The high cost is explained by the low thermal conductivity coefficient, durability and good sound insulation abilities.

Distinctive features include the need for a stable and reliable foundation. The quality of adhesion largely depends on the presence of polymer additives and the thickness of the applied layer: the higher it is, the greater the risk of peeling from the facade; in some cases, walls cannot be finished without reinforcement. Additional advantages are the elimination of cold bridges and ensuring good sound insulation of the house.

Review of popular plaster compositions

1. Knauf Grünband.

A dry mixture with water-repellent and heat-insulating properties based on cement, fractionated sand, polystyrene foam granules and hydrophobic additives. The maximum grain size for Knauf Grünband is 1.5 mm; this variety is suitable for both manual and mechanized application. Its advantages: versatility, vapor permeability, high compressive and bending strength of coatings, economical consumption. Knauf is laid at ambient and base temperatures above +5 °C in a layer of 10 to 30 mm; in difficult areas the solution is reinforced with fiberglass mesh. Recommended applications include the preparation of interior walls and facades before decorative finishing and plastering of ceilings.

2. Umka UF-2.

A decorative mixture with the addition of silicon granules to create a finishing layer when working with walls made of foam blocks, ceramics, brick, shell rock, metal, etc., thermal insulation of doorways and slopes, gluing slabs of mineral wool insulation. Suitable for both facades and interior use, the maximum thickness of the applied layer reaches 20 mm. The resulting coating has a slightly rough texture and provides protection from moisture, heat loss and noise. The disadvantages include the high cost - 1 kg costs at least 90 rubles.

3. HAGAst FS-420.

Professional cement warm plaster with perlite additives, designed for thermal insulation of bases made of brick, foam and gas blocks, gas silicate, wood concrete and other light types of concrete. Its characteristics allow it to be used for interior work, but due to its good weather, crack and impact resistance, it is better to buy it for finishing facades or repairing old surfaces with a high salt content. Due to its increased elasticity and small fraction size (within 0.63 mm), HAGAst FS-420 is applied in a thin, economical layer. The low coefficient of thermal conductivity allows the coating to retain heat well and protects masonry made from cellular blocks from cold bridges.

4. Ivsil Termosil.

An environmentally friendly composition of cement, foam glass granules and polymer additives. This brand is well suited for sound and heat insulation of building structures, communications, etc., the coating formed during application retains its useful properties for decades. The scope of application includes ceilings, internal walls and partitions, loggias, staircases, window and door openings, corners of apartments, facades. It is recommended to buy Ivsil Termosil if it is necessary to ensure a minimum load on the base of the building, including when carrying out restoration and repairs. The recommended layer thickness varies from 5 to 40 mm; plasticity and high adhesion allow finishing structures with complex configurations.

5. Teplon White.

A gypsum composition with perlite additives for interior walls is selected primarily when preparing surfaces before decorative finishing. Its advantages: lightness and minimal load on the base when leveling (up to 70 mm), ensuring a good microclimate and normalizing indoor humidity, plasticity, and the possibility of glossing. By analogy with conventional types, Teplon White from Eunice allows you to quickly create a smooth and beautiful coating with minimal labor costs. The disadvantages include low moisture resistance; this brand is not used for facade work and in rooms with high humidity, except when it is placed under tiles with sealed seams.

6. Vermix ШН50.

A dry mixture of cement, quartz sand and expanded vermiculite, intended for leveling and thermal insulation of external structures or creating an additional insulating layer in the pie. This brand has good reviews; it is valued for its vapor permeability, sufficient adhesion strength to bases made of brick, wall panels and blocks, concrete and stone, minimal risk of cracking and affordable cost. It is applied in layers: by spraying and leveling with a total thickness of 10 to 50 mm (more when reinforcing the surface with mesh) manually or using machines, final drying is achieved in 1-2 weeks.

Features of facade insulation

The main requirements of the technology for thermal insulation of external walls include taking into account the influence of their weight on the foundation, proper preparation of the base, calculating the thickness of the layer, determining the need for reinforcement or enhancing hydrophobic properties. With rare exceptions, insulation is carried out at above-zero temperatures and under normal humidity conditions, which is taken into account when planning work. Preference is given to non-flammable, lightweight, vapor-permeable and weather-resistant options with high adhesion quality.

Only prepared facades can be plastered: walls that have been cleared of masonry mortar, dirt or crumbling particles, dust-free, primed (with increased adhesion) and slightly moistened. Alignment is carried out using beacons; subsequently they must be removed. If the layer thickness exceeds the value recommended by the manufacturer, the coating is reinforced with fiberglass; if necessary, it is performed in several stages, including spraying and finishing. The need for grouting or treatment with water-repellent agents depends on the type of mixture; some brands of plasters withstand external influences better and do not require additional finishing; others are well suited for use as a leveling and strengthening base for the wall.

When taking all these factors into account, it is important to adhere to the manufacturer’s recommendations: the proportions, durability, thickness of the applied layer and its drying time before the next stage are clearly stated in the instructions. The solution is mixed completely (the entire bag is poured into the container), using a construction mixer or similar tools and consumed without a trace. Unlike DSP, decorative finishing of the resulting coatings begins many times faster, but when drying in damp conditions, the interval between these stages increases.

Nuances of thermal insulation of house premises

Almost all compositions with thermal insulation properties are safe and equally suitable for internal and external work, with the exception of gypsum and pure lime. In this case, their goal is not insulation, but leveling and preparing the walls before subsequent finishing. Hard-to-reach places require special attention: corners, joints, window sills; they are difficult to plaster if there are significant deviations from the level. The advantages of the application include the ability to quickly finish ceilings while simultaneously enhancing their thermal protection.

The process of working with cement mortars inside the house is practically no different from external thermal insulation. Gypsum hardens much faster and requires some skill, but it forms a smooth and beautiful surface. They are chosen when preparing bases for painting or wallpapering. Almost all brands of warm plasters for interior work need to enhance their hydrophobic properties; suitable measures include treatment with appropriate compounds or painting. The thickness of the layer is limited by the coefficients of vapor permeability and thermal conductivity; it is selected taking into account the mandatory removal of moisture from structures or its prevention.

Cost of ready-mixes

Warm plaster appeared on the sales market not so long ago. But for some jobs it will simply not be replaceable.

Today we will look at warm plasters, you will learn their use and instructions on the rules of application will be given. Also in the video in this article you can see the range of products offered and you will be able to make the right choice.

Types of material

Types of warm plaster are divided according to the options for using the components.

By looking we can see the following:

• The basis of one of the types of warm plaster is expanded vermiculite, which is a mineral additive obtained as a result of special heat treatment of rock of volcanic origin. Vermiculite fillers have antiseptic properties and can be used both outdoors and indoors.
• The basis of the following type of heat-insulating plaster is paper, sawdust, clay and cement. This composition does not allow its use outside buildings, but is excellent for indoor use.

Despite the emergence of a sufficient number of gypsum analogues, cement plaster mixture remains one of the most popular materials for interior and exterior decoration. With many advantages, cement-sand plaster has high thermal conductivity, based on the minimum number of air pores in the hardened mass. A variety called warm plaster has lower thermal conductivity and is resistant to cracking, so it is considered the best option for those who want to both level the walls and insulate them. Users of the FORUMHOUSE portal actively use plasters with reduced thermal conductivity and share their experience with everyone.

• Preparation of the solution
• Application of warm plaster

What kind of plaster is called warm

A typical plaster mixture - cement binder and sand, gives a coating with a density of about 1800 kg/mᶟ and a thermal conductivity of about 1.2 W/(m*C). Warm plaster (WP) consists of a cement binder and filler, which forms air pores in the monolith, reducing density and thermal conductivity. If cement is usually used as a binder, then there is a wide choice of fillers:

• Perlite is obsidian hydroxide, formed when lava hardened on the ground comes into contact with water. The nuclei resulting from hydration resemble rounded pearls - pearls, for which the breed got its name. It is characterized by high porosity (up to 40%) and the ability to absorb liquid in quantities exceeding its own weight (up to 400%). To prepare plaster, expanded perlite (perlite sand) is usually used - small granules of a white or light gray hue.

• Vermiculite is one of the minerals of the hydromica group, which is small layered flakes of brown-golden color. Like perlite, when heated it can swell, filling with air. In this form it is used in various industries, including construction, for the preparation of lightweight concrete and warm plaster mixtures.

• Expanded clay chips are produced from special varieties of low-melting clays by firing in melting furnaces rotating at a certain angle. This is a fine fraction with a granule size of up to 5 mm, sometimes called expanded clay sand. It is characterized by lightness, airiness, minimal thermal conductivity and the round shape of the granules.

• Sawdust is a waste product from the wood industry; small fractions are used for plasters, providing porosity to the composition, but not disturbing its structure and maintaining the homogeneity of the mass.

• EPS - expanded polystyrene granules are used not only for the manufacture of slab or bulk insulation, but also as a binder in ready-made or home-made plaster mixtures. If perlite and vermiculite are natural substances, EPS is the result of the chemical industry and is inferior to its natural “colleagues” in durability, biological and fire resistance. However, it copes with its assigned functions quite well - it makes the plaster porous and reduces its thermal conductivity.

In addition to the binder, filler and liquid, various modifiers are added to the plaster - to increase the elasticity of the mixture, to increase the service life, to prevent the formation of cracks during drying. Manufacturers of dry mixes add various branded water repellents and plasticizers. When preparing homemade plaster, microfiber, ready-made modifiers sold in construction stores, various detergents (liquid soap, dishwashing liquid) or PVA glue are introduced.

The coating obtained as a result of applying a warm plaster composition is not inferior to traditional cement-sand analogs in terms of adhesion to the base (adheses well to the wall) and strength.

Any finishing decorative coating can be applied to it. This article will help you choose the right one. At the same time, it has low thermal conductivity - on average, 0.13 - 0.9 W/(m*C), and a density from 200 to 800 kg/mᶟ (depending on the filler). When using warm plaster, the load on the base is significantly reduced, and it is easier to work with the solution - per 1 m² of wall you will need to “master” less weight of the material at all stages.

What filler is usually added to homemade warm plaster?

Private developers use both the most affordable TS - based on sawdust, as well as perlite or with PPS granules. Vermiculite compositions are rare due to the high cost of the filler - it is several times more expensive than perlite. And not every craftsman who has chosen a warm variety as plaster can make friends with ready-made mixtures from well-known brands. This is explained, again, by cost - buying a ready-made dry mixture will raise the price per square meter by two to three times. If you buy components separately, these indicators are reduced to a level accessible to almost everyone interested. Calculations from our users confirm the theory.

Sektor FORUMHOUSE Member

The price of factory-made warm plaster is astronomical, compared to a homemade mixture. There are approximately 25 bags per 1 mᶟ, weighing 23 kg each (for example, take BIRSST T-2). It turns out that a cube, or 575 kg, will cost 15,825 rubles. Material consumption: 7 - 8 kg of dry mixture per 1 m² - with a solution layer thickness of 10 mm, with a thickness of 4 cm, we get approximately 19 m², or 833 rubles per square.

How much a square of homemade mixture will cost is also calculated based on my own experience.

Yura52 Member of FORUMHOUSE

For 5 m² of 1.5 cm thick plaster it takes a bag of cement, three bags of perlite and a plasticizer, if C3, then inexpensive. Total, approximately 500 rubles – 100 rubles per square. When the layer is increased to 3-4 cm, it still turns out much cheaper than the factory one.

In many ways, the choice between a purchased compound and a home-made one depends on the expected volume of work - a room of several dozen square meters can be plastered with a factory-made mixture, the difference is noticeable, but not fundamental. When we are talking about hundreds of square meters or tens of cubic meters, the savings cover both the time spent on experiments with proportions and any other costs.

Preparation of the solution

Typical cement to perlite ratios range from 1/3 to 1/7.

Such a wide range is explained by the versatility of the mixture - it is used for interior and exterior finishing of a wide variety of substrates. The ability for adhesion and other physical and technical characteristics of surfaces differ, and parameters such as humidity and temperature are different in each specific case. The skill of the performer also plays a role: if a pro is able to work out almost any batch, then a beginner, faced with a complex consistency, will most likely “screw up” the solution.

In addition to perlite, sand, lime, and microfiber can be added to the mix to increase the strength of the resulting surface and reduce the likelihood of cracking. When using a ready-made plasticizer, the proportions are maintained according to the instructions; if PVA is used, for each liter of mixing liquid - 50 ml of glue. To prevent the solution from flowing over the surface, its consistency should resemble thick sour cream. Achieving ideal proportions only based on standard recipes is almost impossible. Adhering to the basic recommendations, you will have to try different “variations on a theme” until you find the most suitable one for a particular situation.

Motorist believes that to obtain warm plaster it is enough to simply replace the proportion of sand, in whole or in part, with perlite. Using the example of his friend, he was convinced of the effectiveness of a solution consisting of part cement, two parts sand and two perlite; the friend did not use foaming agents; the plaster lay down normally and holds up perfectly. The only difference between a regular and warm solution is that the latter needs to be mixed dryer; after a few minutes, the filler will release the absorbed moisture and the consistency will be “what the doctor ordered.”

Village and people Member of FORUMHOUSE

I did the plastering 2 years ago, we don’t live in the house yet, nothing is cracked, and there is no heating in the winter. The ratio of perlite M-75 and cement M 500 by volume was 7:1, plus fiberglass (about 10-12), plus foaming agent Tsemaplast (lime substitute). Fiber fiber was thrown according to the volume according to the instructions, and cemaplast - in proportion to the cement.

Samurai Jack I chose warm plaster and decided to do it myself, experimentally selecting a composition suitable for my conditions. The ratio of cement and perlite ranges from 1/4 to 1/8 by volume, slaked lime is required at the rate of 0.5 parts by weight of cement. Also adding polypropylene fiber to the plaster, but only polypropylene, since glass fiber is destroyed in the alkaline environment of cement. Dishwashing detergents performed well as a foaming agent - approximately 0.1% of the weight of cement.

Sector in practice I received the following costs:

• Perlite – 60 liter bag;
• Cement – ​​19 kg;
• Water – 19 liters;
• Fiber - according to instructions.

Among the three perlite fractions sold, Sektor advises taking medium-sized granules (pictured in the center).

The solution is mixed in a concrete mixer or manually, but using a construction mixer, the dry components are mixed together, fiber and liquid additives are mixed into water. The resulting liquid is added to the dry mixture and mixed until smooth. After hardening, a large number of air pores form in the solution.

Application of warm plaster

Working with a solution based on perlite is practically no different from the technology of plastering CPS - the surface is cleaned of dirt and dust, if necessary, primed with deep penetration impregnations, and moistened before applying the solution. It is not recommended to try to sketch and completely level a layer more than 1.5-2 cm thick in one approach. It is better to divide the process into two stages, first sketching a rough layer, strengthening the beacons on it, and then sketching the finishing layer and leveling it along the beacons.

When planning to carry out renovation work in a room, you should think through and take into account all the details, because there can be no trifles in such work. Warming a room is one of the most important processes and should not be ignored. Warm plaster is one of the options to solve this issue.

Peculiarities

Many residents of apartments and private houses are hearing about warm plaster for the first time, so you should understand in more detail what it is, for what purposes it is used and what its varieties are.

All building materials have certain thermal insulation properties. Using ordinary plaster, you can only slightly insulate the room. To achieve stronger insulation, use warm plaster.

When warm plaster is applied to the surface, the wall becomes smoother, while its thermal insulation increases.

The use of this material in construction and repair work began not so long ago, so little is known about the composition and properties of warm plaster.

With its help you can:

• level the wall;
• decorate the surface;
• provide a temperature for comfortable living.

In addition, this material has a soundproofing function.

Thermal insulation materials have a porous, fibrous or cellular structure that is filled with air, gas or vacuum. When applied to the surface, a kind of “fur coat” is created.

Since ancient times, natural materials have been used to insulate walls. Straw, sawdust and clay were used for this. By coating the walls with a mixture of these materials diluted with water, they were insulated. Perhaps this technique is still used somewhere in villages because of its cheapness and ease of use.

Modern technologies do not stand still, and today a large number of materials are produced that are used for wall insulation. The basis for warm plaster is various fillers and a binding component, as well as other additional ingredients.

Filler for warm plaster can consist of different materials. Let's look at their description and characteristics:

1. The filler may contain expanded polystyrene. This material has a high level of thermal insulation, and it is inexpensive. In addition to its undoubted advantages, polystyrene foam has a drawback - it can quickly ignite, and toxic substances are released during the combustion of the material.
2. The cheapest, and also the most environmentally friendly material can be called sawdust. They are often used to make the material yourself, although sawdust does not have high heat-shielding properties.
3. Perlite. When perlite is processed at high temperatures, a material with a porous structure is obtained. Perlite has good resistance to temperature changes and is easy to work with. It is also resistant to harmful microorganisms.
4. Material made from mica - vermiculite. It is very durable, has a high level of hygroscopicity, is biologically safe and fireproof.
5. Foam glass. For its production, quartz sand is used. This material is recommended for use in rooms with high humidity, which is undoubtedly its advantage. Its thermal insulation properties are lower than those described above.

To bind these materials, gypsum or cement is used. The use of cement in the work allows you to achieve a more durable surface. The cement mortar is gray in color, which will be noticeable from the outside. In order to get rid of the gray tint on the surface, it can be covered with gypsum putty.

Instead of cement, you can use gypsum. Usually it is used only indoors.

Specifications

You should figure out where warm plaster is used and how easily it is applied to the surface indoors.

So, this material is applicable for:

• for leveling walls and creating additional thermal insulation;
• filling voids, insulating water pipelines, sewers;
• insulation of slopes of windows and doors - such an insulating surface will prevent the entry of cold air and drafts;
• heat-saving putty is often applied when insulating a ceiling or floor.

Thermal insulating putty has many advantages:

1. First of all, it should be noted that working with this material is easy, plus, you can immediately solve the issue of both insulation and surface finishing.
2. The material has excellent properties and has high adhesion to many surfaces.
3. When working with warm putty, you can often do without priming the surface.
4. When applying the solution to the surface during work, no seams or so-called “cold bridges” remain on it.
5. Using modern plasters, you don’t have to worry that over time the material may be damaged by insects or eaten by rodents, and besides, it won’t harbor pathogenic bacteria.

If the composition consists of gypsum, perlite and vermiculite, it is not recommended for use for internal insulation of rooms with high humidity, since these materials are highly hygroscopic.

Before starting work, you need to prepare the walls. The surface should be cleaned of the previous layer and remove hooks, nails and other small parts that may interfere with work. Next, the walls should be primed and left for a couple of days so that it is completely dry, and only then work on insulating the premises can be carried out.

Considering all the advantages of the material and its disadvantages, we can say that the use of warm plaster indoors is completely justified. It is used in combination with other insulation materials, but it should be applied in places where it is really needed.

• In order to prepare the solution, take 1 kg of the mixture and 0.5 liters of water. It is not recommended to make the composition in large portions, as it dries very quickly. To mix, take a construction mixer and mix until the mixture looks like sour cream.
• When mixing the dry mixture with water, pour the liquid little by little, stirring constantly. When using a moisture-resistant composition, it is enough to take 200 liters of water per 1 kg of mixture. Before starting work, leave the solution for a few minutes to soak in.
• When applying putty, take a trowel with the rule. The layer should not be made thick, it should not exceed 5 cm. When applying the material to the ceiling, the layer size should be reduced to 3 cm. By applying putty to the walls, you can immediately level the surface and remove minor defects.

• After covering the entire surface, wait until the wall is dry. This may take a little over an hour. After this, it is pruned using the rule. To check, you can take a building level. At this stage, possible defects such as depressions, irregularities and roughness are eliminated.
• If after applying one coat the walls remain uneven, they are left to dry and then another layer is applied again. When applying more than one layer, after the surface has completely dried, it is primed and sewn up with reinforcing mesh.
• At the final stage, glossing or glazing is done. To do this, the surface is moistened with water and cleaned with a sponge grater. When cement or gypsum milk appears, the wall is rubbed down with a soft wide spatula. You can leave the wall in this form, it no longer allows heat to pass through, but more often it is painted with facade paint, covered with siding, or any other decorative work is used.

High-temperature putty is an easy-to-use material that is used for interior work. When choosing this material, you should keep in mind that the mixtures are quite expensive, and you often have to buy several packages for work.

To avoid additional waste, you can use putty prepared yourself. Homemade solutions are absolutely not inferior in quality to store-bought options.

Self-produced putty contains:

• one part sand;
• one part cement;
• four parts perlite/vermiculite;
• the required amount of water to make the mixture creamy.

When making a solution with polystyrene foam, vermiculite and perlite, the ratio should be 1: 4, that is, if you take 0.5 kg of sand and cement, you should add 2 cubes of perlite and about 500-600 liters of water.

Sometimes PVA glue is added to this composition, but it is not used in large quantities - it is enough to take 2% of the total amount of water. When adding glue to the solution, it should be diluted first. Instead of glue, you can take a plasticizer, for example, polyplast.

To prepare your own putty, you will have to experiment a little with the proportions. It is not recommended to mix a lot of solution at once; it is better to make small portions. When applying them to the wall, it will immediately become clear how correctly the proportion was chosen and whether the material is convenient for use.

If you use perlite or vermiculite for cooking, you need to add a large amount of liquid. If there is not enough water, the solution will immediately harden and will be unsuitable for use.

For interior work, it is better to mix masonry mortars using plaster.

Manufacturers

One of the most popular companies that produce putties is the company Knauf. This name is known to many and deserves to pay attention to the products of this company. This plaster contains cement with polystyrene, as well as special additives.

When applying the solution to the surface, a durable structural layer is formed. After it dries, you can use textured paints to decorate the surface. Apply a layer of plaster from 10 to 30 mm; work can be done by hand or by machine. Available in packages weighing 25 kg. When applying a minimum layer of 10 mm per 1 sq. m you need to take about 12 kg.

When using this putty indoors, it should be taken into account that it contains polystyrene, which has a high degree of flammability. Knauf putties are used both outside and indoors.

When choosing a quality material for indoor work, you should pay attention to thermal insulating plaster "Umka". Russian manufacturers were able to make a dry mixture that has excellent characteristics. The composition was developed taking into account the harsh climate.

After applying the solution to the surface, finishing work is usually carried out. The dry mixture is packaged in 7 kg packages. When applying a minimum layer of 10 mm, you should take 4 kg of mixture per 1 square meter. m.

Dry mixtures are also used to insulate indoor walls. "Bear". A 2 cm layer of this mixture will be equal in thermal conductivity to 50 cm of brickwork. Before applying the “Mishka” mixture to the wall, the surface is leveled and primed. The mixture for insulating walls indoors is produced in bags weighing 14 kg.

Other most popular companies producing dry mixes include:

• Unis;
• Paladium;
• ThermoUm.

To insulate walls from the inside without losing the usable area of ​​the room, it is optimal to use warm plaster. It is effective for both external and internal work. In cases where it is necessary to insulate a wall in an apartment, this method is ideal.

Types of plaster compositions

The composition of traditional plaster includes:

• Binder (cement, gypsum);
• Fine filler (sand);
• Water.

For thermal insulation of internal walls, a classic solution can be used, but it will have to be applied in a thick layer of up to 10 cm. To obtain a more effective result, the sand filler is partially or completely replaced with components that can better retain heat:

• Shredded foam;
• Vermiculite (granular material obtained by firing hydrated mica);
• Perlite (mineral of volcanic origin).

A layer of plaster with these fillers at the same thickness will give a greater effect than using a traditional mortar, and by reducing the layer, you can get the optimal heat transfer effect of the wall.

Ready-made plaster compositions for internal thermal insulation are produced mainly on perlite. It has a relatively low bulk density - 200...400 kg/m3. It is slightly less for vermiculite - about 100 kg/m3. Perlite is used more often due to its low cost.

Both cement and gypsum can be used as a binder for insulating walls with warm plaster from the inside. In the first case, the wall will be stronger, but will require more careful cladding, since the cement is gray, you will have to heavily cover the color, for example, with gypsum putty. Gypsum is suitable only for interior work; it itself has low thermal conductivity, which further enhances the thermal insulation effect.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

The advantages, of course, include:

• Low thermal conductivity;
• Sufficient layer strength;
• Small application thickness (no more than 5 cm);
• No reinforcement required during application.

The main disadvantage of the coating that needs to be taken into account is the high hygroscopicity of mineral heat-insulating plasters. Gypsum, perlite and vermiculite are porous materials that can absorb significant amounts of water. Basic recommendations on this matter:

• In wet rooms (bathrooms, showers), enhanced waterproofing of the wall is required. Moisture-resistant putties and ceramic cladding are suitable for this.
• In corridors, kitchens and rooms it is enough to maintain normal humidity of no more than 60%. For additional protection, use a deep penetration primer under wallpaper or decorative plasters.

Slaked lime will also help reduce the hygroscopicity of the composition. It does not affect the thermal conductivity of the layer in any way, but it noticeably reduces moisture absorption and improves the plasticity of the solution.

How to make warm plaster with your own hands

The cost of ready-made mixtures is high; it is much cheaper to make the preparation yourself. This way you can save a lot, especially if you need to insulate all the walls in a house or apartment. An additional bonus of large volumes of work is high (total) material consumption, i.e. It is unlikely that you will be left with half a bag of unnecessary cement if you immediately calculate everything correctly and buy the required number of components.

What you will need:

• Cement grade M150-M200. This one is inexpensive - about 150-250 rubles per 50 kg bag;
• Perlite (M75-M100) costs about 100 rubles per 50 kg;
• Vermiculite will cost more - about 450-500 rubles per 50 kg;
• Slaked lime - approximately 120 rubles per 20 kg;
• Washed construction sand - 100 rubles per 50 kg;
• Water - from the tap according to the meter.

Cooking technology:

1. The first step is to take the required amount of water. It should be at room temperature.
2. Dry ingredients can be mixed in advance.
3. The dry mixture is added to the water in portions; each input must be thoroughly mixed with a construction mixer or drill with the same attachment. A whisk can be purchased at any hardware and construction store.

How to make warm plaster yourself: recipes

Components should be purchased based on the selected composition.

• 1) Simple composition: cement, sand and perlite are taken in a ratio of 1:1:4, the mixture is mixed with the required amount of water until the working consistency of thick sour cream.
• 2) For a large volume of work, you can prepare a solution from 190 kg of cement, 1 m3 of perlite or vermiculite, 270 liters of water. The volume should be divided into equal parts before mixing, since the finished solution sets within 2-3 hours.
• 3) A solution with a plasticizer is prepared from 1 part cement, 4 parts perlite, 0.9 parts water; 1 m3 of perlite will require 4-5 liters of PVA glue, which acts as a plasticizer. PVA should be diluted in water, which will be used to mix the mixture.
• 4) Sand-perlite mortar is prepared from 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, 3 parts perlite. The amount of glue should be 1/100 of the amount of cement, i.e. for 100 kg of binder 1 kg of glue. The mixture is mixed with water until it works.
• 5) Cement and perlite in a ratio of 1:4 are mixed with water and PVA in an amount of glue of 1% by weight of the binder.
• 6) Cement-lime mortar with insulating granules is prepared in the proportions: lime - 1 part, cement - 1 part, perlite sand - up to 5 parts. This plaster is perfect for wet rooms.

Solutions based on gypsum binder are prepared in a similar way without the use of glue.

PVA glue can be replaced with liquid soap, dishwashing detergent or specialized superplasticizers, which are sold in construction stores. The latter should be used according to the instructions.

Warm plaster based on perlite is low in cost; this filler can be replaced with more expensive vermiculite, then the weight of the layer will be lighter, and the effectiveness of the coating will noticeably improve. Cheap polystyrene foam in granules can also replace perlite, but the thermal conductivity of the plaster will not increase. The only caveat is that polystyrene can evaporate harmful substances when heated significantly, which is why it is rarely used for residential premises. This does not mean that it is prohibited for use; on the contrary, for cool rooms and walls where there is no heating from the sun, this filler will be a good ingredient.

Review of popular warm mixtures

If collecting the components yourself confuses you, you can always purchase a ready-made mixture in the store. It is important here not to run into fake and low-quality material. To avoid such troubles, carefully read the information on the packaging; it always indicates the characteristics of the composition, method and place of application.

To make your choice easier, here are the 5 most popular dry mixes for preparing warm plaster.

Technology of insulating walls with warm plaster from the inside

Insulation of the wall from the inside of the room according to the standard scheme is as follows:

• 1) The surface is cleaned of old finishing;
• 2) A primer is applied with a deep penetration compound;
• 3) The first layer of plaster is applied. If a thick coating is to be applied, the first layer should be thin; it is recommended to spray: the solution is brought to a liquid state (like liquid sour cream), drops are applied to the wall surface with a brush or brush. After they have dried, you can begin plastering;
• 4) The main layer is applied using different methods. A thin coating does not require the installation of a mesh; it is applied with a wide spatula or building rules. You should immediately make the surface level. If the layer is thick, it is advisable to stretch the mesh and secure it to the wall with dowels, even if the plaster manufacturer does not say so. Reinforcement is necessary for mortar layers from 50 mm.
• 5) If you use gypsum plaster and apply it well, subsequent puttying will not be required. When working with a cement composition, after 1-2 hours, if there are significant unevenness or scratches, you can take a brush, moisten it in water and slightly blur the unevenness. Don’t be afraid to rub the wall - the cement has already set and only the surface will become wet if it is not leveled enough. Then puttying should be done.

This algorithm is valid in cases where repairs are carried out for the purpose of insulation in a finished building with an insulated facade. If the house is just being built, it is necessary to provide sufficient wall thickness or high-quality insulation from the outside, since the interior alone cannot protect the room from heat loss.