Write a plan for the Russian language. Text plan - simple, complex, abstract

While trying to figure out your life, you are faced with a problem. Or maybe you just want to streamline your day. And these are just a couple of examples of when you need a plan. In fact, there can be an infinite number of reasons. At first glance, making a plan may seem very challenging task. But a little hard work, no a large number of creativity and you will be able to make a good plan to achieve your goals.

Method one. Create a plan for the day

1. Sit down with a piece of paper

This could be a notepad, notebook or. Choose what is convenient for you. Make a list of what you need to accomplish in a day. List every meeting and agreement you have. What are your goals for the day? Do you want to go in for sports, or, on the contrary, is this a day of relaxation? What tasks do you absolutely need to finish?

2. Create a schedule for yourself

What time should you finish your first task or project? Write down every little thing, starting with the one you need to do first, then the next one, and so on for the whole day. Make sure you don't forget anything. Of course, every day is different, so every day the plan will be different. A basic plan might look like this, for example:

• 09:00–10:00 - get to the office, check email, answer letters.
• 10:00–11:30 - meeting with Max and Katya.
• 11:30–12:30 - project No. 1.
• 12:30–13:15 - lunch (healthy food!).
• 13:15–14:30 - analysis of project No. 1, meet with Sergey and discuss project No. 1.
• 14:30–16:00 - project No. 2.
• 16:00–17:00 - start project No. 3, prepare things for tomorrow.
• 17:00–18:30 - leave the office, go to the gym.
• 18:30–19:00 - go grocery shopping.
• 19:00–20:30 - prepare dinner, rest.
• 20:30– ... - to the cinema with Masha.

3. Refocus yourself every hour

It's important to take a moment after a certain time to analyze how productive you were during that time. Did you do everything you needed to do? Then give yourself a moment to reset, close your eyes and relax. This way, you can efficiently move on to the next task you need to complete.

4. Review your day

When you're done with most of your day, take a moment to see if you're sticking to your plan. Did you finish everything that was planned? Where did you go wrong? What worked and what didn't? What distracts you, and how can you combat distractions in the future?

Method two. Create a plan for life

1. Create overall goals that you want to achieve in your life

How do you want to develop? What do you want to achieve in your life? Think of it as a “life list.” Remember the movie "Knockin' on Heaven's Door"? This is exactly what the list of life is. These should be exactly the goals that you really want to achieve, and not those that you think are necessary. Sometimes it can be helpful to break your goals down into categories for better visualization. Categories could be, for example:

• career;
• trips;
• family/friends;
• health;
• finance;
• knowledge;
• spirituality.

Goals could be, for example:

• Write and publish a book.
• Visit every continent.
• Create a family.
• Lose 10 kilograms.
• Save money for my children's education.
• Finish college.
• Learn more about Buddhism.

2. Create some specific goals with a specific completion date

Now that you have general goals that you want to achieve in your life, it's time to create some specific goals. And be sure to set a date for completing the goal. A couple of examples:

• Send the book to 30 publications by June 2016.
• Go on a trip to South America in 2015, and to Asia in 2016.
• Weigh 70 kilograms in January 2015.

3. Assess your reality and where you are right now.

Be honest with yourself and really evaluate your current life. Using the goals you have listed, evaluate the point where you are right now. For example, your goal is to publish a book, and specifically, to send it to publishers in June 2016. And now you only have half the manuscript, and you're not sure you like the first half.

4. Decide how you will achieve your goals

What steps will you take to be able to achieve your goals? Determine the steps you need to take and write them down. For example, for our book with today and by November 2014 we need:

• re-read the first half of the book;
• finish writing your book;
• rework aspects of the book that I didn't like;
• editing grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc.;
• give to picky friends to read;
• find publishers who will consider my book;
• send the manuscript to publishers.

5. Write down the steps to achieve your goals

You can do this in any format you like - write by hand, on the computer, or draw. Congratulations! You have just created your life plan.

6. Review your plan and adjust it

Like everything in this world, your life will change and your goals may change too. What was important to you at 12 years old may not be so important when you are 22 or 42 years old. And it's okay to change your life plan because it shows that you are aware of the changes that are happening in your life.

Method three. Solve problems with a plan

Part One: Defining the Problem

1. Understand the problem you are facing

Sometimes the hardest part of creating a plan is that you don't know what the problem is. Often the problem we face creates several more problems. Trouble, as they say, does not come alone. What you need to do is find the source of the problem. And this is exactly what you need to deal with.

Your mother won't let you spend four weeks at a friend's mountain cabin. This is a problem, but where is the source of this problem? You got a D in algebra. And this is precisely the reason why your mother does not let you go to a friend's house for the holidays. And this two is exactly the problem you need to solve.

2. Determine what result you hope to achieve by solving your problem.

What goal do you hope to achieve by solving the problem? Focus on achieving your goal. The rest will come by itself.

Your goal is to improve your math grade to at least a B. At the same time, having improved your knowledge in mathematics, you hope that your mother will let you go to a friend's house for the holidays.

3. Find out why this problem occurs

Which of your habits contributed to the problem? Take some time to analyze the reasons for the problem.

Your problem is that you got a C in math. Think about what could have led to this: maybe you talked a lot with a friend in class. Or they didn't homework in the evenings due to football training, for example.

4. Consider external factors contributing to the problem.

Many problems arise due to something you do. But don't forget about external factors, working against you. Let's look at an example. You received a bad grade in math that needs to be corrected. This may be due to a misunderstanding of the teacher's explanation of the topic, rather than because you were talking to a friend.

Part Two: Find a Solution and Create a Plan

1. Find several possible solutions to your problem

You can just write everything down possible options on a piece of paper or use one of the brainstorming methods. Such, for example, as a mental map. Whatever method you choose, you must consider both possibilities of the problem: your fault and factors beyond your control.

Solving the problem of communicating with a friend in class:

• Sit in class as far away from your friends as possible.
• Explain to your friends that you are not learning in class and are getting bad grades. So you need to focus on the lesson.
• If you are sitting in your assigned seat, ask your teacher to move you to a seat so you can concentrate better.

Solving the problem of unfinished homework due to soccer practice:

• Do some of your homework during lunch or during a break. This will leave you less work for evening.
• Stick to a routine. After training you should have dinner and do your homework. Reward yourself by watching TV after you do your homework.

Solving the problem of misunderstanding algebra:

• Let a classmate help you, who can clarify all the points that are unclear to you.
• Ask your teacher for help. Explain that you do not understand the material and need additional explanation.
• Take math classes with a tutor.

2. Create a plan

So you've brainstormed and figured out what your problem is. Now choose the most effective solutions to the problem in your opinion and write down a plan for yourself. Hang the plan somewhere where you will see it most often. Your plan for improving your math level should look like this:

Improvement plan within four weeks

1. Tell Katya that I can’t talk to her in class. If this does not help, then move away from her.
2. Do homework every Tuesday and Thursday during lunch. This will leave me with fewer tasks to do after training.
3. Attend math elective every Monday and Wednesday. Goal: in four weeks, improve your level from a three to at least a four.

3. Analyze the first week

Did you do everything you planned? Have you been successful? What mistakes did you make? Having done good analysis, you can avoid mistakes in the future.

4. Stay motivated

Stick to your plan until you reach your goal. Don't stop halfway. If you don't stick to your plan one day, make sure it doesn't happen again. If you see that this plan is not working, think about what is wrong with it and write a new plan.

Writing a story outline - required element school education. It's hard to write without a good plan good story, so you need to figure out how to properly plan a story.

Outlining a Story

If you decide to start writing your own literary work, then first of all you need to organize your ideas. Remember to write down all information relevant to your work. It is difficult to retain a lot of information in your head, and it is even more difficult not to get confused in it.

1. Decide on the theme of the story.
2. Think about what subtopics you want to cover in your piece.
3. Make a list characters: their names, occupation, features of appearance and character, relationships with each other. For each hero you need to prepare brief description. The list of characteristics should resemble the one that precedes the plays, for example, Igor Ignatievich, landowner, 48 years old. Married to Natalya Igorevna. Loves hunting. After the shocks he experienced during the war, he stutters.
4. Starting from the main subtopics, write a detailed outline of the story. It should include not only the main points, but also sub-points of the second and third levels. To make your work easier, immediately write down the approximate volume of each part. The plan must be harmonious, its parts are interconnected in a logical sequence. Work it through carefully, then further work will be easier and the result will be of better quality. Good plan must convey the content of the story concisely and accurately.
5. When writing a story, try not to “lose” your characters and bring storyline each of them to its logical conclusion. One of the main keys to the success of writing a story is a successful climax and denouement. After all, they are the ones that remain in the reader’s memory after finishing reading the work.
6. After work on the plan is completed, you need to carefully check your plan (and subsequently the story) for various types of errors.

Plan of the finished text

Drawing up a plan is an essential component of analyzing an already written story. It helps to remember the content of a work, structure its events in a logical sequence, and determine the relationship between individual parts.

1. First, read the story, determine its main theme, and highlight the names of the main characters.
2. Divide the text into four parts:
   • beginning;
   • plot development;
   • climax;
   • denouement.
3. These points will be the backbone of your plan. If necessary, divide each of these parts into several smaller ones, noting in your mind or in the text the beginning of each of them.
4. Re-read the first part. Give it a title. The name should be concise and succinct. Try to convey the essence of this fragment of the story in one sentence.
5. Do the same procedures with other parts.

Types of plans

Sometimes the assignment requires you to create a plan of a certain type. In order to cope with this, you need to familiarize yourself with the main four types of plans:

• interrogative Each point of the plan is a question, the answer to which conveys the essence of this fragment (Where did Taras go after school?);
• thesis. The content of the paragraph is expressed through the theses of the verbal structure - a brief formulation of the main position of a specific part, containing verbs (Taras went to the stadium);
• nominative. A plan of theses that are expressed by nouns (Taras at the stadium);
• basic plan. This plan consists of fragments of sentences that carry the main semantic load (Plan of Taras - going to the stadium);
• combined. Such a plan may contain several different types of plans.

Text composition

When drawing up a story plan, you should adhere to the classic composition:

1. Introduction - in this section it is necessary to familiarize the reader with the place and time of action, as well as some of the key characters.
2. Plot - describe the event that led to the further development of the story.
3. The development of actions is the largest part of the story.
4. Climax - highest point developments of events.
5. The denouement is the conclusion that tells how their actions turned out for the heroes.

As you can see, the ability to competently draw up a plan is an indispensable skill when analyzing and memorizing texts. Writing a good story will not be easy unless its structure is clearly and logically laid out in the form of a list of points and sub-points.

When the plan is ready, you can start writing the story. useful information on writing a story can be found in the article.

Text plan

• Read the text.
• Divide the text into semantic parts (one part differs from the other in new content).
• Re-read the first part, highlight the main thing in it. Choose a title for it.
• So, work on other parts.
• Write down the headings for each part (outline).
• Check yourself:

• read the plan;
• look through the text;
• make sure that the plan reflects the main thing (the main thing is not missed, the headings are not repeated, the headings help to remember the content of the story).

Types of plan

• Questionable
• Nominative
• Abstract
• Plan - reference diagram
• Combined

How to correctly compose each of them?

Let's try to do this using the example of the story “A Drop in the Sea.”

We once caught a turtle in the sea. She was big, very big. Not a turtle, but a real house on clubbed legs.
We put this turtle on the deck. And she suddenly burst into tears. In the morning he cries, in the evening he cries, and at lunch, too, drip-drip... The sun has rolled into the sea - the turtle is crying. She feels sorry for the sun. The stars have gone out - she cries again. She feels sorry for the stars.
We also felt sorry for the turtle. We released her into the blue sea. Then we found out: she deceived us... She didn’t feel sorry for anything. Turtles cry because they live in the sea. The water in the sea is salty. The turtles cry out the excess salt from the water. (According to G. Tsyferov).

Question plan

The plan is written in the form of questions to the text. Each question is about one semantic part of the text. questions should be asked in such a way that the answers to them help to restore the content of the entire text.
When drawing up a question plan, it is better to use interrogative words (“how”, “how much”, “when”, “why”, etc.) rather than phrases with the particle “whether” (“is there”, “did you find”, and so on.).

For example:

• Who was caught at sea?
• What was the caught turtle crying about?
• Why was the turtle really crying?

Thesis plan

The plan is written down in the form of abstracts*.

*Thesis is a briefly formulated idea of ​​a paragraph or part of a text.

Each thesis corresponds to one semantic part of the text. There are a lot of verbs in this regard.

For example:

• A turtle was caught in the sea.
• The turtle cries out excess salt from the body.

Name plan

The plan is written in the form of abstracts that do not use verbs. In terms of names there are many nouns and adjectives.

For example:

• Caught turtle.
• Turtle tears.

Plan - reference diagram

This plan consists of “supports”, that is, words and phrases, sentences that carry the greatest semantic load. Using the “supports” it is easy to reconstruct the text.

The choice of “supports” depends on the characteristics of your memory, goals and tasks that you set. Each person draws up a reference diagram so that it is convenient for him to use it.

For example:

• Turtle
• Tears.
• Salt from water.

Combined

Such a plan could combine different types plans.

For example:

• Who was caught at sea?
• The caught turtle cries all the time.
• The real reason for the turtle's tears.

And in vain, because this is a really useful skill that will be useful not only when writing summaries and essays, but also in other subjects. A well-written plan will help you refresh your memory of key points and logical connections and better understand the material.

Definition

The plan is a list of main thoughts that reveal the content of the text, the sequence of facts and the logical connections between them. Simply put, these are short notes, by looking at which you can easily recall the text in your memory, and ideally, retell it without confusing anything. The plan is often called the “skeleton” of the work - what remains if all unnecessary details, details and artistic techniques are removed.

Types of plan

So, our task is to convey the essence of the text. However, you can write down key thoughts in different ways: in your own words or using quotes, in monosyllables or in more detail. Taking this into account, it is customary to distinguish 5 types of text plan.

Speaking about how to draw up a text plan, first of all you need to decide on its type. For oral retelling, for example, theses and supporting diagrams are more suitable, but for composition or analysis you can safely use questions.

Simple and complex plans

The next question to ask yourself is how important are the details? If they can be omitted and the essence of the material can be conveyed in your own words, you can limit yourself to simple plan from 3-5 points.

How to plan a text in order to recreate the full picture, reveal the plot and all the nuances as much as possible? In this case, each of the main blocks should be further divided into 3-4 subparagraphs. This is what it looks like:

We learn to draw up a text plan using the example of a fairy tale.

In fact, the most difficult thing is to learn to break a whole story into meaningful blocks. text? Let's look at this process using the example of a fairy tale " Ugly duck"H.H. Andersen.

1. Read the material carefully.

2. Highlight and briefly write down the main idea of ​​the work.

Example:

“Everyone around laughed and mocked the ugly duckling, but he withstood all the tests and turned into a beautiful swan, leaving them behind.”

3. Divide the text into logical blocks. It is most convenient to mark their boundaries with a pencil.

4. Re-read the first part and highlight key events/facts/thoughts. Try to convey the essence in one sentence.

Example:

"A young duck hatches her eggs. Together with the ducklings, a huge, ugly chick hatches."

5. Analyze and title each semantic segment of the text in the same way.

Examples:

• "The family and other birds mock the unlikeable duckling."
• "Escape from the yard and life on the swamp. Meeting wild ducks and ganders."
• "Meeting with hunters", etc.

6. Write down all theses in a column and re-read them. Make sure that the plan accurately conveys the content of the text, and that you have not missed any episode.

It is not difficult to understand how to outline a text. But in order to learn how to write them correctly, fit as much information as possible into short abstracts.

Plan analysis

The next point you need to dwell on in order to figure out how to make a text outline are examples of the most common mistakes that students make. Be sure to review your work. What should you pay attention to?

1. Information content. The points should not be too general (for example, just "The Ugly Duckling" won't tell you anything).
2. Length. Descriptions should not be too detailed - the outline should only mention those details that are necessary to understand the themes, ideas and logic of the text.
3. Proportionality. It is desirable that the points are the same. Too short ones should be removed or combined with longer ones.
4. Structure. The plan must have an introduction and conclusion.
5. Subsequence. Each point should logically follow from the previous one.
6. Formulations. They should not be repeated or overlap in content with neighboring theses.
7. Logics. It is important that your plan provides insight into the cause-and-effect and other connections between the blocks (“Because… happened…, which led to…”).

The best test is to let the plan “rest” for a couple of days (or at least hours), and then, using only it, try to retell the text as close to the original as possible.

Now that you know how to plan a text in the Russian language, it’s time to talk about little tricks that will help you complete the task faster and better.

• To highlight semantic blocks, focus on paragraphs - as a rule, each contains one complete thought.
• Highlight vivid images, which were remembered the most, and try to use them in the headlines.
• Work on the design. For main paragraphs, simple numbering is usually used (1, 2, 3), and for subparagraphs, double numbering (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) or letters (a, b, c) is used.
• If you can’t come up with a title, look at what words/terms are used most often in this fragment and go from there.
• A draft plan should be sketched out already during the first reading, when you follow the author’s thoughts more carefully and notice the boundaries of thoughts.

Remember that a lot depends on what you are writing the plan for. On the test, you can simply list the main topics that are revealed in the text. But if you are doing this for yourself, in order to better assimilate and remember the material, it is better not to be lazy and make a complex plan, noting important details.

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